ANAPLASMOSIS IN FARM ANIMALS

Post no 730 Dated 07/07/2018

Compiled & shared by- DR, RAJESH KUMAR SINGH, JAMSHEDPUR,

JHARKHAND, 9431309542,rajeshsinghvet@gmail.com

Anaplasmosis is a tick borne protozoan disease caused by several species of

rickesttsial parasite.Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale are two
most common pathogens of cattle and buffalo but A.marginale primarly
causes disease in cattle in india.Cattle and buffalo are two most common
suseptible animal among these cross breeds are mainly effected.Sheep and
goats are much less commonly effected.Anaplasmosis is also called "yellow
beg" or "Yellow fever" because can develop jaundice.

Host---
it causes disease in all animals e.g. cattle,buffalo,sheep,goat,horse and dog
but cattle and buffalo are most commonly effected animals.

Transmission---

It is not a contagious disease.it is commonly transmitted by ticks includes

hyalomma,Rhipicephalus,Ixodid etc.It can be transmitted mechanically when
red blood cells infected with A.marginale are inoculated into healthy and
susceptible cattle.it can occur through needles or any infected surgical
instruments.it can also transmitted by bite of fleae or mosquito.

Clinical sign----

Clinical sigms are depend upon age.Cattle of all age can become infected
but severity of disease is age dependent with cattle less then a year of old
showing no or very mild clinical sign of disease but it will become a
carriers.Carrier animal have immunity against anaplasma.Cattle 1-3 year of
age will show more severe clinical signs.clinical sign manifested by high
fever,anorexia,rapid shallow breathing,pale mucus membrane and decrease
milk production.cow with light skin with initially look pale around the eyes
and muzzle,but latter this can change to a yellowish color because of
jaundice.Jaundice is develop due to destruction of red blood cells and their
content being release into the blood stream.there is rapid weight loss.

Diagnosis-----

it is very difficult to diagnosed the anaplasmosis with theileriosis by clinical

sign and symptoms because clinical signs of both disease are almost
similar.confirmatory diagnosis is done by examination of blood of sick
animal and identification of organism in the red blood cells.A.marginale is
looks like a pinkish round or disk shape ponit with a wide zone around it
and present of the margin of red blood cells.A.centrale is similar to
A.marginale but it is found anywhere in the red blood cells but mostly found
on center of RBCs.

Treatment-----

Treatment of anaplasmosis is most effective if given in early stage of

disease.A single injection of Imidobicarb 2 to 2.5 ml per 100kg bwt im or
Oxytetracycline @ 10 mg/kg body weight is administered I/V two times in a
day is very effected.supportive therapy must be given for early recovery.like
Hematinics(Ferritas @ 10 ml I/M on alternate days,liver tonics,ruminotorics.