RACH | Basic LTE Page 1 of 7

Basic LTE understanding basic concepts… search

Sidebar

September 9th, 2014

RACH
April 27th, 2014
RACH

…
The PRACH occupies 6 PRBs in the frequency domain and spans 1 or 2 or 3 sub
1 frames in the time domain, depending on the specific preamble format. In the
frequency domain, several subcarriers at both ends of the 6 PRBs are not used
to avoid interference with the adjacent PUCCH/PUSCH. In the time domain, the
cyclic prefix (CP) and guard time (GT) are used to avoid interference with the
previous and next subframes. As it turns out, the GT determines the maximum
cell radius.

The Preamble format is defined in LTE (3GPP TS 36.211, section 5.7).

RACH

[http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sluMqvkP5VA/UrF3Bs4GSmI/AAAAAAAAAs4/0XQ
xbLYI4m0/s1600/preamble+format.png]

Ts is the basic time unit in LTE, Ts = 1/(15000*2048) s = 3.25521 X 10^(-5) ms.

Cell radius supported:

Dynamic Views template. Template images by clintspencer. Powered by Blogger.

http://lteshare.blogspot.com/2013/12/rach.html 1/12/2015
RACH | Basic LTE Page 2 of 7

Basic LTE Format 1:~14km,Format 2: ~30 km, Format 3:

understanding basic concepts… search ~107 km

Sidebar

September 9th, 2014

random access configuration for preamble format 0-3.

April 27th, 2014

[http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SnJrbOPtIKU/UrPce6riF7I/AAAAAAAAAtg/9LY5H2
RACH
db5Ew/s1600/PRACH_config_subframe.png]

PRACH position in frequency domain is given by prach-FreqOffset (present

in SIB2). And in time domain is given by prach-ConfigIndex (present in
SIB2).

TDD: preamble format 0-4 used.

In TDD usage of preamble format depends on UL/DL configuration used.

There might be multiple random access resources in an UL sub frame
depending on the UL/DL configuration.

Eg: preamble format 1 requires 2sf and format 3 requires 3sf and num of
available UL sf depends on UL/DL config used.

Preamble Format 4 (Short PRACH) is only used in TD-LTE, which can be

transmitted in the UpPTS part of the special sub-frame (SF1 and/or SF6).
Minimum number of symbols needed for this is 2. Hence this can be
applied only for Special sub frame configurations 5-8 with normal CP or
configuration 4-6 with extended CP (Refer: 36.211, Table 4.2-1).PRACH
configuration indexes 48 to 57 will use Short PRACH
Dynamic Views template. Template images by clintspencer. Powered by Blogger.

http://lteshare.blogspot.com/2013/12/rach.html 1/12/2015
RACH | Basic LTE Page 3 of 7

UpPTS lengths 4384 .Ts and 5120.Ts only. PRACH configuration indexes 48
Basic LTE understanding basic concepts… search
to 57 will use Short PRACH
PRACH POSITION:
random access preamble mapping in time and frequency
Sidebar

September 9th, 2014

April 27th, 2014

RACH

[http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Zm8wcPmX4SA/UrPhCp2x_rI/AAAAAAAAAts/qRh
hH6pqmWY/s1600/PRACH_tdd.png]

The random access opportunities for each PRACH configuration shall be

allocated in time first and then in frequency if and only if time multiplexing
is not sufficient to hold all opportunities of a PRACH configuration

TDD PRACH Resource allocation is defined by a quadruple shown below.

[http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-olXSlbZ6das/UrF3EsyLXVI/AAAAAAAAAtE/2g4PU
t6wLzk/s1600/RACH_quadraple.png]
Details of prach-ConfigIndex is given in Table: 5.7.1-2 of 36.211.

. template. Template images by clintspencer. Powered by Blogger.

Dynamic Views

http://lteshare.blogspot.com/2013/12/rach.html 1/12/2015
RACH | Basic LTE Page 4 of 7

Types of RACH preambles (Regular and restricted).

Basic LTE understanding basic concepts… search
Restricted set used in high speed scenarios. where UE experiences higher

frequency offset due to doppler shift which causes spurious and aliased peaks.
Sidebar
restricted in the preamble set.
September 9th, 2014

April 27th, 2014 The parameter High-speed-flag provided by higher layers determines if
unrestricted set or restricted set shall be used.
…
In high speed scenarios, there may be RAPID mismatches during RACH procedure if
high speed flag is not set (in SIB2). If this flag is set, UE will not use these cyclic
1
shifts while selecting RACH preambles.

The random access preambles are generated from Zadoff-Chu sequences,

generated from one or several root Zadoff-Chu sequences

9 Preamble generation:

RACH
There are 64 preambles available in each cell. The set of 64 preamble
sequences in a cell is found by including first, in the order of increasing
cyclic shift, all the available cyclic shifts of a root Zadoff-Chu sequence with

the logical index rootSequenceIndex, where rootSequenceIndex and

for preamble generation is broadcasted as part of the System Information.
Additional preamble sequences, in case 64 preambles cannot be generated
from a single root Zadoff-Chu sequence, are obtained from the root
sequences with the consecutive logical indexes until all the 64 sequences
are found. The logical root sequence order is cyclic: the logical index 0 is
consecutive to 837(total of 838 Zadoff-Chu sequences).

NCS:The cyclic shift can be used to expand the preamble capacity. A

small Ncs value generates more preambles.

Numof RA preamble= 839/ NCS : where 839 Is preamble sequence

length.

below diagram :The cyclic shift used by UE0 is 0 and the cyclic shift
used by UE1 is Ncs and UE2 is 2NCS. At the eNB, the observed cyclic
shift of UE0 will not be 0 but some value x because of the transmission
Dynamic Views template. Template images by clintspencer. Powered by Blogger.

http://lteshare.blogspot.com/2013/12/rach.html 1/12/2015
RACH | Basic LTE Page 5 of 7

delay. As long as x is less than Ncs, the auto-correlation between the

Basic LTE shifted x and shifted Ncs will be zero, and

understanding basic concepts … search
eNB will be able to
distinguish between the accesses from UE0 and UEx (properties of Z-C
sequences)
Sidebar

September 9th, 2014

April 27th, 2014

RACH
[http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gQRxNo4bD8s/UsLqIXr_x3I/AAAAAAAAAuY/oZgf
dfaPSIY/s1600/preamble1.png]

However, the cyclic shift cannot be configured smaller than expected

cell radius, since that will block random accesses from the cell edge
and may cause drops during handovers.
eg:NCS=119 cell radius ~16Km.
NCS=46 cell radius ~5.5Km.

RACH trigger:

Events that will trigger random access procedure.

• Initial access from RRC_IDLE;

• Initial access after radio link failure;
• Handover requiring random access procedure;
• DL data arrival during RRC_CONNECTED when UL is “nonsynchronised”;
• UL data arrival during RRC_CONNECTED when UL is “nonsynchronised”
• or there are no PUCCH resources for SR available available.

Dynamic Views template. Template images by clintspencer. Powered by Blogger.

http://lteshare.blogspot.com/2013/12/rach.html 1/12/2015
RACH | Basic LTE Page 6 of 7

• if UE's TA timer has expired, and UE needs to send or receive data, it

Basic LTE understanding basic concepts…

performs random access search

Sidebar

September 9th, 2014

PPRACH = min{PCMAX , PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER + PL}
[dBm].

April 27th, 2014 where PCMAX is the configured maximum UE transmitted power and PL is
the downlink pathloss estimate calculated in the UE. Based on the
… reference signal power signaled in SIB2 and the measured RSRP,
Random access procedure
random access procedure at the UE side.
1
• The UE listens to a downlink broadcast signal to obtain the transmission
timing. It is also informed of the available signatures, frequency bands and
time slots for a random access.(SIB2)
• Open-loop power control can be used to obtain a suitable transmission power.
The path loss is estimated from a downlink signal and the UE estimates the
transmission power to achieve a certain SNR target.
9 • The UE selects randomly a signature, a time slot and a frequency band among
the available set.

RACH • The NodeB correlates the received signal in the RACH sub-frame with all
possible signature sequences
• The UE monitors a specified downlink channel for response from the NodeB.
• In case of positive answer:
• The UE decodes the response and adapts its transmission timing.
• If the UE does not receive any response from the NodeB: A new attempt is
performed by power ramping method or : the UE selects a new signature after
a random back-off time.

Example:

sib2 :
{
....
prach-Config
{
rootSequenceIndex 384,
prach-ConfigInfo
{
prach-ConfigIndex 4,
highSpeedFlag FALSE,
zeroCorrelationZoneConfig 12,
prach-FreqOffset 2
}
...
Dynamic Views template. Template images by clintspencer. Powered by Blogger.

http://lteshare.blogspot.com/2013/12/rach.html 1/12/2015
RACH | Basic LTE Page 7 of 7

Basic LTE prach-ConfigIndex is 4, meaning PRACH cansearch

understanding basic concepts… be transmitted in any SFN and 4th
sub-frame.
prach-FreqOffset is 2, meaning PRACH starts from 1st RB in frequency domain
Sidebar

September 9th, 2014 UE Logs on RACH

Version = 2

April 27th, 2014

Current SFN SF = 10184

…
Preamble Sequence = 2

1
Cycle Shift = 52

Preamble Format = 0

First RB for PRACH Opportunity = 17

Start RB = 17
9

PRACH Transmit Power = -19 dBm

RACH

Logical Root (q) = 129

Posted 18th December 2013 by premchand jodukallu

Labels: format4, peamble, PRACH, upPTS

0 Add a comment

Enter your comment...




Comment as: Select profile... 

Publish Preview

Dynamic Views template. Template images by clintspencer. Powered by Blogger.

http://lteshare.blogspot.com/2013/12/rach.html 1/12/2015