1.
(5
points)
(a)
What
are
the
objectives
of
wastewater
treatment
and
what
are
the
consequences
in
natural
water
systems
if
each
of
the
treatment
objectives
is
not
achieved.
2.
(5
points)
(a)
Sketch
the
conventional
wastewater
treatment
processes.
Start
your
sketch
with
the
screen
step.
Write
one-‐‑
sentence
explanation
on
the
role
of
each
process.
(b)
Repeat
Part
(a)
for
the
sludge
treatment
processes.
3.
(5
points)
(a)
Describe
how
the
total
solid
(TS)
is
categorized
into
TFS,
TSS,
IFS,
VFS,
ISS,
and
VSS
by
solid
size
and
volatility.
(b)
We
often
use
TSS
and
VSS
to
indicate
the
amount
of
microorganisms
in
wastewater
treatment.
Under
what
circumstances
do
we
use
TSS
or
VSS?
4.
(10
points)
(a)
Assume
a
water
sample
containing
10
mg/L
of
creatinine
(C4H7N3O).
What
is
the
theoretic
oxygen
demand
(mg-‐‑O2/L)?
Start
your
answer
by
balancing
the
oxidation
reaction
of
creatinine.
Assume
that
the
nitrogen
in
the
chemical
is
transformed
to
ammonia
(NH3).
(b)
Repeat
Part
(a)
with
oxidation
of
nitrogen
into
NO3-‐‑.
What
is
the
nitrogenous
oxygen
demand
of
the
sample?
What
is
the
theoretical
TOC
(mg-‐‑C/L)
of
the
sample?
$ % 5.
(10
points)
(a)
The
decay
of
organics
(ultimate
BOD
or
BODL)
is
represented
by
– ln = −𝑘𝑡.
For
the
BOD
$& $(%) test
results
given
below,
plot
– ln
vs.
time.
You
will
need
to
guess
an
initial
value
for
BODL
using
one
of
the
$& relationships
given
in
class.
Find
the
first
order
kinetic
constant
k
from
the
plot.
Once
k
is
found,
calculate
BODL
and
compare
the
answer
to
your
initial
guess.
Repeat
Part
(a)
with
317
mg-‐‑O2/L
as
the
initial
guess
for
BODL.
Make
a
short
discussion
on
how
you
would
find
BODL
if
317
were
not
given.
Incubation
time
(days)
0
1
2
3
4
5
Measured
BOD
(mgO2/L)
0
65
105
14
170
199
6.
(5
points)
(a)
Write
down
the
reaction
that
you
expect
in
COD
test
tubes.
Briefly
explain
how
we
estimate
the
amount
of
organics
in
the
test
tube.
(b)
Write
the
advantage
and
disadvantage
of
COD
compared
to
BOD.
7.
(15
points)
(a)
Sketch
the
specific
growth
rate
(μ)
for
Ks
=
50
mg
BOD/L
and
μm
=
6
d-‐‑1
assuming
that
the
specific
growth
rate
follows
the
Monod
equation.
Indicate
the
followings
in
your
sketch:
μm,
½μm,
Ks.
(b)
If
the
influent
BOD
is
250
mg/L
and
the
target
effluent
BOD
is
10
mg/L,
indicate
in
your
sketch
the
resulting
specific
growth
rate
at
the
inlet
and
outlet
of
a
PFR.
(c)
Repeat
Part
(b)
for
a
CFSTR.
Which
reactor
will
you
choose
between
PFR
and
CFSTR?
Write
2-‐‑sentence
explanation
to
support
your
choice.
In
your
answer,
include
the
following
terms:
average
growth
rate;
average
BOD
removal
rate.
8.
(15
points)
Find
Seff,
Qr,
X
(TSS
and
VSS
basis),
sludge
production
rate
(TSS
basis)
and
solid
loading
rate
to
the
clarifier
(TSS
basis)
for
the
following
CAS
system:
θc
=
20
d;
θ
=
7
hr;
Q
=
10
MLD;
S0
=
150
mg
BOD/L;
Xe
=
10
mg
TSS/L;
Xr
=
10,000
mg
TSS/L;
Y
=
0.6
mg
VSS/mg
BOD;
Ks
=
60
mg
BOD/L;
k
=
8
mg
BOD/mg
VSS/d;
b
=
0.1
d-‐‑1;
Temp
=
20
°C;
and
VSS
=
70%
of
TSS.
9.
(15
points)
(a)
Repeat
Question
8
for
θc
=
5
d.
Discuss
the
effect
of
θc
on
your
answers
and
(b)
discuss
how
θc
affects
the
costs
for
return
sludge
pumping
and
waste
sludge
management.
10.
(15
points)
(a)
Find
k
and
b
for
5°C.
Assume:
Θ
=
1.08
for
k;
Θ
=
1.04
for
b.
Repeat
Question
8
at
5°C
and
(b)
discuss
the
effect
of
temperature
on
your
answers,
including
the
costs
for
return
sludge
pumping
and
waste
sludge
management.