Human Anatomy 1:

Skeletal System
(Osteology)

M. Mansyur Romi
Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Anthropology
Human Anatomy 1:

Skeletal System
(Osteology)

M. Mansyur Romi
Department of Anatomy, Embryology & Anthropology
Foundation of Medicine
Basic Medical Sciences:
4Anatomy
4 Histology
4 Physiology
4 Biochemistry
4 Genetics
 Introduction to Anatomy
4 Brief History
4 Relevance
4 Approaches to Studying Anatomy
4 Skeletal System (Osteology)
Brief History
Brief History of Anatomy
4 one of the oldest basic medical sciences
4 written on papyruses (3000 – 2500 BC)
4 first studied formally in Egypt ( + 500 BC)
4 Hippocrates (460-377 BC) in Greece: “the nature
of the body is the beginning of medical science”
4 Aristotle (384-322 BC): the 1st to use term
anatome: cutting up or taking apart
( = dissecare. Lt)
Cadaver dissection
 Relevance of Anatomy
4 clinical purposes: regional topography
4 cadaver dissection: essential to understand
the basic architecture of the body
4 concern with the dynamic processesà the
structure of the living rather than the dead
4 computer-controlled imaging techniquesà
3-dimensional living structures
Developmental Anatomy
4 How adult body achieves its final form?
4 Why variations/deformities in structure appear?
4 How the body regulates its microscopic
arrangement in normal and regenerating tissues
and organs? à à à
4 Experimental embryology
4 Cell & tissue cultures
4 Molecular biology
4 Molecular genetics
Developmental Anatomy
 Approaches to Studying
Anatomy
4 Anatomy: the frame (structure) in which the
events (functions) of life occur
4 True understanding results when structure
and function are considered together
4 Three main approaches:
4 Systemic
4 Regional
4 Clinical
 Systemic Anatomy
Principal systems of human body:
4 Block 1.1

4 Skeletal (+ articular) system

4 Muscular system
4 Block 1.2

4 Circulatory (cardiovascular & lymphatic)

4 Respiratory system
4 Block 1.3

4 Digestive (alimentary) system

Systemic Anatomy
Principal systems of human body:
4 Block 1.4

4 Urinary system
4 Reproductive system
4 Block 1.5

4 Nervous system
4 Endocrine system
4 Integumentary system
 Regional Anatomy
Regiones et partes corporis:
4 Regio capitis
4 Regio facialis
4 Regio cervicalis
4 Regio pectoralis
4 Regio abdominalis
4 Regio dorsalis
4 Regio perinealis
4 Regio membri superioris
4 Regio membri inferioris
 Clinical / Applied Anatomy
4 emphasizes aspects of bodily structure and
function important in the practice of
medicine and allied health sciences

4 plays important role in solving clinical

problems
Anatomical variations
4 common
4 may influence physical examination,
diagnosis and treatment
 Skeletal System (Osteology)
is composed of: cartilage and bone

Cartilages
4 Provide more flexibility
4 Smooth, low-friction, gliding surfaces
4 Avascular,
Bones
4 Support the body and its vital cavities
4 Protection for vital structures
4 Mechanical basis for movement (leverage)
4 Storage for mineral salts (e.g. calcium)
4 A supply of new blood cells (hemopoesis)
Structure of a long bone
Classification
4 According to their shape:
– long (longum),
– short (breve),
– flat (planum),
– irregular
4 Sesamoid bones: in certain tendon
4 Accessory (supernumerary) bones: extra bones,
a missing part of the main bone
4 Heterotopic bones: form in soft tissue where they
are not normally present
Bone development

4 Intramembranous ossification
4 Endochondral ossification

4 Intramembranous ossification
(membranous bone formation):

mesenchymal model à
direct ossification
Bone development
Bone development
4 Endochondral ossification
(cartilaginous bone formation):

mesenhyme à
cartilage model à
bone replaces the cartilage
Bone growth
Endochondral
Vessel & Nerve
Clinical aspect
4 Topograhy
4 Skeletopy
4 Bone marrow puncture
Further Readings

4 Drake RL, Vogl W, Mitchell AWM.

Gray’s Anatomy for Student, Churchill
Livingston, 2004
4 Moore KL. Clinically Oriented Anatomy.
5th ed. Williams & Wilkins, 2006
4 Dorland’s Medical Dictionary
4 Nomina Anatomica
Quotations

4 There can be no effective “science” until there is

effective, lasting communication of information
(Gardner)
4 ...at least 50% of the general English vocab. and
75% of the scientific element are of Greek and
Latin derivations (Daly)
4 It is popularly believed that the study of Latin at
least, if not also Greek, is prerequisite for study of
medicine…
Some propositions concerning man
(I.Q.):
4 That man is distinguished from
other creatures in appearance and
shape.
4 That man was not created without
proper.
4 That man is indivisible whole
composite of soul, mind and body.