Al-Azhar University,

Faculty of Engineering - Qena,

Electrical power and Machine Eng.Depart,
2nd Year power section.

Report about

Single phase Transformer

Supervised by Eng. :
Mohamed elsaify

Done by :
Ahmed Khaled Hussain
 Single phase Transformer

Pinciple operation of Transformer :-

 Works on the principle of mutual induction.

 Mutual induction:-
the principle of mutual induction states that when two coils are
inductively coupled , if current in coil changed uniformly then an
e.m.f gets induced in the other coile.

 Basic Transformer :

 Ideal transformer :
Construction of Transformer:-

 In its most basic form a transformer consists of:

 A primary coil or winding.

 A secondary coil or winding.

 A core that supports the coils or windings.

 In power transformer:
 A primary coil or winding.

 A secondary coil or winding.

 A core that supports the coils or windings.

 Main Tank

 Conservator

 Radiator

 Oil pump

 Cooling fan

 Tap Changer

 HV Pushing
Cooling of transformer:-

Oil immersed tranformers :

 ON AN : Oil Natural Air Natural

 OF AF : Oil Forced Air Forced .

 ON AF : Oil Natural Air Forced .

 OD AF : Oil Directional Air Forced.

 OF WF : Oil Forced Water Forced.

 OD WF : Oil Directional Water Forced .

 Dry Type Transformers :

 AN : Air Natural .

 AB : Air Blast .
Type of transformer :
 In terms of frequency :

 Very low frequency Transformer

 Audio frequency Transformer

 High frequency Transformer

 IF frequency transformer

 In terms of conversation rate :

 Step-up

 Step-down

 In terms of type work :

 Power Transformer

 Distribution Transformer

 Voltage Transformer

 Current Transformer
 Type test of transformer :

 Short circuit test.

 Open circuit test.

 Transformer winding resistance measurement.

 Transformer ratio test.

 Transformer vector group test.

 Measurement of insulation resistance.

 Dielectric tests of transformer.

 Test on no-load tap-changer.

 Vacuum tests on tank and radiators.

Voltage regulation of transformer :
 The output voltage of a transformer varies with the load even if the input
voltage remains constant. This is because a real transformer has series
impedance within it. Full load Voltage Regulation is a quantity that compares
the output voltage at no load with the output voltage at full load, defined by this
equation:

 At no load, VS = VP/a thus,

 In per-unit system

 Ideal transformer, VR = 0%.

The transformer phasor diagram :

 At lagging power factor :

 At leading power factor :

 At unity power factor :