Attacks The attacks began at the Al Noor Mosque in Riccarton, a suburb of Christchurch, at 13:40 on

15 March 2019 and continued later at the Linwood Islamic Centre.[4][5][6] Early reports spoke of "a
multiple, simultaneous attack",[7] but later on one suspect was charged for the "planned" murder at
both mosques.[8][9] Al Noor Mosque, Riccarton A heavily armed gunman started shooting people at
the Al Noor Mosque in Deans Avenue, Riccarton, at around 13:40. The gunman livestreamed 17
minutes of the attack on Facebook Live, starting with the drive to the mosque and ending with the
drive away.[10] He was described in media reports as a 28-year-old Australian white
supremacist.[11][12] Moments before the shooting, the perpetrator in his car played both a
traditional marching song of the British military known as "The British Grenadiers" and "Serbia
Strong", a nationalist Serbian song from the Bosnian War (1992–1995) celebrating Radovan Karadžić,
who was found guilty of genocide against Bosnian Muslims.[13] Among making many other Internet
culture and meme references, he also said "remember lads, subscribe to PewDiePie" during his live-
stream before carrying out the attack, a reference to the ongoing PewDiePie vs T-Series subscriber
battle.[14] Just before the shooting, the gunman appeared to be greeted by one of the worshippers
who said "hello, brother", and who was amongst the first people to be killed.[15][16] The gunman
spent several minutes inside the mosque, shooting indiscriminately at the attendees. He killed three
people near the entrance, and many others inside a larger room. The gunman approached wounded
victims, firing at them multiple times. He then left the mosque and fired on people outside. He went
on to retrieve another weapon from his vehicle before returning to the mosque to shoot more
victims, many of whom were already wounded and unable to escape. The gunman then exited the
mosque for a second time and shot a woman near the footpath as she pleaded for help. He returned
to his car and fled the scene shortly thereafter.[17] The video showed that the gunman shot at other
people near the area and drove away at high speed.[18] Between three to five hundred people may
have been inside the mosque, attending Friday prayers, at the time of the shooting.[19] A neighbour
of the mosque told reporters that he witnessed the shooter flee the mosque and drop what
appeared to be a firearm in the driveway while he fled.[20] The neighbour said that the shooter
appeared to be wearing military-style clothes. After the shooting ended, the neighbour went inside
to help the victims.[17] Linwood Islamic Centre A second shooting occurred at the Linwood Islamic
Centre;[21][22] seven people were killed there.[18] This mosque is 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away from
Al Noor Mosque.[17] The New Zealand Herald reported a survivor as saying that the shooting was
interrupted when the "young guy who usually takes care of the mosque" wrestled a firearm away
from the attacker; despite giving chase he could not "find the trigger in the gun", resulting in the
attacker fleeing into a waiting car.[23][24] An earlier report by The New Zealand Herald stated a
local Muslim worshipper had chased the fleeing attacker and fired two shots.[25] Explosive devices
Two improvised explosive devices were found attached to a vehicle and were defused by New
Zealand Defence Force staff.[26] Suspect The suspect in the attack is Brenton Tarrant, a 28-year-old
Australian who resided in Andersons Bay, Dunedin. He was arrested on Brougham Street after the
attacks following a police chase in which his car was rammed. He was subsequently charged with
murder.[3] He appeared in the Christchurch District Court on 16 March, where he was remanded in
custody to appear in the Christchurch High Court on 5 April. During his court appearance, he smirked
at the media and made an OK sign, a symbol adopted by the white nationalist movement and online
racists.[27][28] Tarrant had worked as a personal trainer in Grafton, New South Wales, from 2009 to
2011.[29] He started visiting many countries in Asia and Europe around about 2012. Authorities in
Bulgaria and Turkey are investigating his visits to their respective nations.[30][31] He had become
obsessed with terrorist attacks that took place across Europe in 2016 and 2017. He started planning
an attack about two years ago and chose his target three months before the shooting.[32] Security
officials suspect he had come into contact with far-right organisations about two years before the
shooting while visiting European nations.[33] Others detained Police Commissioner Mike Bush
initially said that three men and one woman had been arrested in connection with the attacks at the
two mosques.[34][35] All four were said to hold extremist views, but this has been confirmed about
only one of them.[36][37] One of the suspects was earlier reported as having been wearing
explosives. However, Bush refuted this. He also denied initial reports of a shooting at the
Christchurch Hospital.[38][39] Officials believe no other suspects were involved.[40] The police later
said one of the reported suspects had no relation to the attacks and was revealed to be a member of
the public with a firearm who was trying to help police.[41] Only one suspect is charged with
murder, while the roles of the other two suspects are still being determined.[42] Manifesto Before
the shooting, Tarrant posted a link to an 87-page manifesto titled "The Great Replacement" (a
reference to the white genocide conspiracy theory and its French variant) on the imageboard 8chan
outlining his attack.[43][44][45][46][47] The manifesto says he began planning an attack two years
earlier and chose the Christchurch location three months earlier.[48] In the manifesto he states that
he was previously a "communist", an "anarchist", and a "libertarian", but then turned to "racist"
views and became an "eco-fascist" concerned with global warming.[49][50][51] The manifesto
expresses several anti-Muslim and anti-immigrant sentiments including hate speech against
migrants, white supremacist rhetoric, and calls for Muslims "invading his land" to be killed primarily
to "preserve the white race".[52][53][54] The manifesto includes references to high-profile right-
wing figures and Internet memes[55] and encourages people online to agree with the shooting and
to create more memes.[12] These elements, along with the live streaming video, in which its viewers
had cheered the attack on, gave the appearance that the attack was influenced by internet trolling.
This is further supported by the reasoning for his choice of weapon, he believed it would violently
escalate the American gun control debate to cause civil war in the United States.[56][57][58][59]
Tarrant signed off the manifesto with the phrase, "Goodbye, god bless you all and I will see you in
Valhalla."[46] In his manifesto, Tarrant said he was an "actual fascist" akin to Sir Oswald Mosley, and
has called for the killing of Sadiq Khan, Angela Merkel and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.[60][61] Tarrant
professed that he was a member of the "reborn Knights Templar", and a "kebab removalist", in
reference to a meme on the Internet regarding the genocide by the Bosnian Serb army against
Bosnian Muslims.[12][54] In the manifesto the Kosovo conflict between Albanians and Serbs is
mentioned and the gunman calls for a weakened United States to prevent it from any future
situation to intervene or side with Muslims against Christian Europeans trying to remove "Islamic
occupiers from Europe".[52][62] The gunman stated in his manifesto that he was inspired by a
similar shooting in 2011 done by Anders Behring Breivik in Norway.[62] Motivations for the attack
are mentioned in the manifesto such as revenge for European civilians who were casualties in
Islamic terrorist attacks within Europe.[44] In particular, the writer repeatedly mentions revenge for
Ebba Åkerlund, a victim in the 2017 Stockholm truck attack.[44] The guns used were covered in
white writing that named historical events, people, and motifs related to historical conflicts, wars,
and battles between Muslims and non-Muslims.[11][note 1] Victims This attack killed 49 people – 41
at Al Noor Mosque, 7 at the Linwood Islamic Centre[5] and 1 who died in Christchurch
Hospital.[18][66] As of 21:00 on the evening of the attacks, 48 people were being treated for
gunshot wounds, 20 of whom were in a serious condition.[5] Dozens of people remain missing.[67]
Several diplomatic offices and foreign ministries released statements concerning the number of
victims from their nations. The honorary consul of Bangladesh and Jordan's Foreign Affairs Ministry
confirmed that three Bangladeshis and two Jordanians were among the dead.[68] According to
Indian parliamentarian Asaduddin Owaisi, two Indians were also killed in the attacks.[69] According
to the Pakistan Foreign Ministry spokesperson, four Pakistanis are injured and five are missing.[70]
Aftermath Survivors of the incidents were transported to nearby hospitals. Forty-eight people,
including young children, with gunshot wounds were treated at Christchurch Hospital,[71][72] with
more being transported to other hospitals within Christchurch and nationally.[73] In response to the
crisis, Canterbury District Health Board activated its mass casualty plan.[71] A number of schools
near to the incidents were locked down in the wake of the event.[35] School strikers at the Global
School Strike rally in Cathedral Square, near the two attacks, were advised by police to either seek
refuge in public buildings or go home.[74][75] Authorities advised all mosques in the country to
close until further notice and sent police to secure various sites in Christchurch.[76] All Air New
Zealand Link flights departing Christchurch Airport were cancelled as a precaution, due to the
absence of security screening.[77] The Officials Committee for Domestic and External Security Co-
ordination was convened to coordinate the government response. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern,
who was on public engagements in New Plymouth, returned to Wellington by air to receive official
advice.[78] For the first time in New Zealand history, the terror threat level was lifted to high.[40]
Flags are also being flown at half-mast on government buildings in Christchurch. The third Test
cricket match between New Zealand and Bangladesh, scheduled to be played at the Hagley Oval in
Christchurch from 16 March, was cancelled because of security concerns.[79] The Bangladeshi team
were about to attend the Al Noor Mosque and were moments from entering the building when the
incident began.[80][81] The players then fled on foot to Hagley Oval.[82] Likewise the Super Rugby
match between the Crusaders, based out of Christchurch, and Highlanders, based out of Dunedin,
due to be played the next day was cancelled as "a mark of respect for the events".[83] Two concerts
scheduled to be held in Christchurch on 17 March, by singer-songwriter Bryan Adams, and thrash
metal band Slayer were also cancelled.[84] In Dunedin, the New Zealand Police's Armed Offenders
Squad searched a house in Andersons Bay after the Christchurch mosque shooter indicated on social
media that he had originally planned to target the city's Al Huda Mosque. Police have cordoned off
part of the surrounding street and evacuated nearby residents. The University of Otago also
postponed its 150th anniversary street parade which was scheduled for 16 March in response to
security concerns.[85][86] The live stream was re-posted on many video streaming services including
LiveLeak and YouTube.[87] Police, Muslim advocacy groups and government agencies urged anyone
who finds the footage to take it down or report it.[88] Some media organisations in Australia and the
United Kingdom broadcast parts of the live stream, up to the point the gunman entered the building,
despite pleas from New Zealand police not to show it.[89][90] Social sites including Facebook,
YouTube, Reddit and Twitter, among others, stated they were working diligently to remove the
video of the attack from their platforms, and stated that they would also remove anything
supporting the attacks;[91][92] Reddit banned subreddits named "WatchPeopleDie" and "Gore"
which they claimed had glorified the attacks.[93][94][95] A Givealittle online fundraiser to support
victims and their families has so far raised over NZ$1.3 million.[96][97] Firearms discourse New
Zealand's gun laws came under scrutiny in the aftermath, specifically the process of buying a
military-style semi-automatic weapon and its difference compared to Australia.[98] As gun policy
specialist Philip Alpers noted, that "New Zealand is almost alone with the United States in not
registering 96 percent of its firearms — and those are its most common firearms, the ones most
used in crimes... If he went to New Zealand to commit these crimes, one can assume that the ease of
obtaining these firearms may have been a factor in his decision to commit the crime in
Christchurch."[99][100] Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern announced that "Our gun laws will change,
now is the time... People will be seeking change, and I am committed to that."[99] Attorney-General
David Parker later announced the government will ban semi-automatic guns.[101] Reactions
File:One of New Zealand’s darkest days Jacinda Ardern condemns Christchurch mass shooting.webm
"One of New Zealand's darkest days": Prime Minister Ardern's response to the attacks New Zealand
prime minister Jacinda Ardern called the incident an "act of extreme and unprecedented violence"
and said "this is one of New Zealand's darkest days."[102][103][104] She also described it as a well
planned terrorist attack.[73] Christchurch mayor Lianne Dalziel never thought something like this
could happen in New Zealand, saying "everyone is shocked".[73] Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand,
said she was "deeply saddened" by the attack: "Prince Philip and I send our condolences to the
families and friends of those who have lost their lives."[105] Many other politicians and world
leaders condemned the attacks.[106][note 2] Many world leaders attributed the attack to rising
Islamophobia.[122][123] In the United Kingdom, following threats on Sadiq Khan's life in an alleged
perpetrator's manifesto, MI5 launched an enquiry into the perpetrator's links to the British far-
right.[124] Swedish YouTube personality Felix Kjellberg (PewDiePie), whose name was referenced by
the perpetrator during the attack, posted on Twitter that "I feel absolutely sickened having my name
uttered by this person", and gave his condolences to those affected.[14][125] See also Ibrahimi
Mosque massacre Islam in New Zealand List of massacres in New Zealand List of Islamophobic
incidents Quebec City Mosque massacre Notes The markings on the gun included references to the
732 Battle of Tours, the 1189–1191 Siege of Acre, the 1565 Great Siege of Malta, the 1571 Battle of
Lepanto, the 1683 Battle of Vienna, the 1805 Battle of Ivankovac, the 1877–1878 Battle of Shipka
Pass, the 2018 Global Compact for Migration, Charles Martel, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor,
Hetman Feliks Kazimierz Potocki, Marcantonio Colonna, Sebastiano Venier, Luca Traini, Rotherham
child sexual exploitation scandal, Alexandre Bissonnette, Lazar Hrebeljanović, Dmitry Senyavin, Miloš
Obilić, John Hunyadi, Michael Szilágyi, Șerban Cantacuzino, Marco Antonio Bragadin, Ștefan cel
Mare, Skanderbeg, Bajo Pivljanin, Novak Vujošević, Edward Codrington, Marko Miljanov Popović,
Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg, the Fourteen Words and "Turkofagos" (Turk eater), a term used by
Greeks during the Greek War of Independence.[63][62][52][64] The anti-Muslim phrase "Remove
Kebab", a slogan originating from Serbia that spread globally and is used by white supremacists, was
shown on one of Tarrant's weapons.[62] The rifle magazine had the name of Josué Estébanez, the
perpetrator of the Murder of Carlos Palomino[65] Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev sent a letter to
Prime Minister Ardern.[107] Australian prime minister Scott Morrison expressed support for New
Zealand and condemned the shootings as a "violent, extremist, right-wing terrorist attack." He
confirmed that an Australian had been detained as a suspect in connection with the
attack.[108][109][110] Indian prime minister Narendra Modi expressed his shock and sadness at the
loss of life. In a letter to Prime Minister Ardern, Modi stressed India's condemnation of all forms of
terrorism and its supporters.[111] British prime minister Theresa May described the incident as a
"horrifying terrorist attack", and said "my thoughts are with all of those affected by this sickening act
of violence". It was also reported that the Home Secretary would hold talks with senior
counterterrorism experts to review security at British mosques in the wake of the attack.[112]
Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau expressed "deepest condolences" and stated that "Canada
remembers too well the sorrow we felt when a senseless attack on the Centre culturel islamique de
Québec in Ste-Foy claimed the lives of many innocent people gathered in prayer", referencing the
Quebec City mosque shooting in 2017.[113] U.S. president Donald Trump extended his "warmest
sympathy and best wishes...to the people of New Zealand", and he and the FBI offered them
assistance.[114][115][116][117] Former president Barack Obama and Secretary of State Hillary
Clinton offered condolences, and security at mosques around the United States was
increased.[118][119] Russian president Vladimir Putin sent Prime Minister Ardern a message of
condolence, saying "This attack on civilians who gathered for prayer is shocking in its violence and
cynicism".[120] The lighting of the Ostankino Tower in Moscow, the tallest free-standing structure in
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Further afield, Felix Kjellberg, a YouTube celebrity from Sweden who goes by “PewDiePie” and flirts
openly with Nazi symbolism, distanced himself from the violence after the man who live-streamed
his rampage asked viewers to “subscribe