SISHEN SOUTH PROJECT

SPECIFICATION

EARTHING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION

K0001-A430-E-SPC-0017 REV B

APPROVED AND ACCEPTED BY

NAME POSITION DATE SIGNATURE

L Harmse Project Manager: Sishen South Project

NAME ORIGINATOR DATE SIGNATURE

D Marx Senior Electrical Engineer

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 SCOPE ...................................................................................................................... 4
2 STATUTORY DOCUMENTS AND STANDARDS ................................................... 4
3 ENVIRONMENT ........................................................................................................ 5
4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS................................................................................... 5
4.1 WIRING AND CABLING .................................................................................................. 5
4.2 CONNECTIONS............................................................................................................. 5
4.3 EARTH POINT MATERIAL AND COMPONENTS ................................................................ 6
4.4 PAINTING..................................................................................................................... 6
4.5 EARTHING POINTS AND SYSTEMS ................................................................................ 6
5 LIGHTNING PROTECTION ...................................................................................... 6
5.1 EARTH POINT CONNECTIONS ....................................................................................... 7
6 ALTERNATIVE EARTH POINTS ............................................................................. 8
7 CABLE SIZING ......................................................................................................... 9
8 EARTH BARS ........................................................................................................... 9
9 INSTRUMENT CLEAN EARTH BARS .................................................................. 10
10 EARTHING SYSTEMS FOR SUBSTATIONS ....................................................... 10
10.1 INDOOR SUBSTATIONS............................................................................................... 10
10.2 OUTDOOR SUBSTATIONS AND SWITCH YARDS ........................................................... 10
10.3 REACTOR SUPPORT STRUCTURES ............................................................................ 11
10.4 TRANSFORMERS, SURGE ARRESTORS, POTENTIAL TRANSFORMERS AND CURRENT
TRANSFORMERS........................................................................................................ 11
10.5 SUBSTATION SWITCHYARDS, BUILDINGS, SUPPORT STRUCTURES, FENCES, GATES,
BOXES AND KIOSKS ................................................................................................. 11
11 EARTHING SYSTEMS FOR MOTOR ROOMS AND SWITCH ROOMS .............. 12
11.1 SMALL INSTALLATIONS (SINGLE EARTH BAR) ............................................................. 12
11.2 LARGE INSTALLATIONS (RING EARTH BAR) ................................................................ 12
12 EARTHING SYSTEMS FOR INDIVIDUAL PLANT UNITS, APPARATUS AND
CABLE RUNS ......................................................................................................... 13
12.1 GENERAL PROVISIONS ............................................................................................... 13
13 EARTHING OF SWITCH BOARD / CONTROL BOA RD STRUCTURES ........... 13
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14 EARTHING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ON LARGE AND CONTINUOUS.. 13

15 EARTHING OF MOVING ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND OVERHEAD
CRANES.................................................................................................................. 14
15.1 FREE-MOVING ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT .................................................................... 14
15.2 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ON RAILS AND OVERHEAD CRANES..................................... 14
15.3 CABLE INSTALLATIONS IN TRENCHES, TUNNELS AND TRAYS ...................................... 15
15.4 EARTHING OF FREE-STANDING TOWERS, POLES, VESSELS, TANKS AND METAL
STRUCTURES ............................................................................................................ 16
16 SURGE SUPPRESSION......................................................................................... 16
17 LABELLING ............................................................................................................ 16
18 COLOUR CODING OF CABLES / WIRING........................................................... 16
19 TESTS AND COMMISSIONING............................................................................. 16
20 INFORMATION TO BE SUBMITTED..................................................................... 17
20.1 INFORMATION AND DATA TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE TENDERER .................................... 17
20.2 DRAWINGS ................................................................................................................ 17
21 INFORMATION AND DATA TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE CONTRACTOR .......... 17
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1 SCOPE
This Specification covers the minimum requirements for the design, manufacture,
supply, installation, testing and commissioning of the earthing system equipment
and assemblies and also provides for the supply and delivery of materials,
drilling, construction/installation and testing of earth points/earth systems. It is
applicable to the electrical earthing systems which are associated with electrical
distribution systems, plant drives, electronic equipment and lightning protection.
Each earthing system shall be complete with the necessary connections, earth
bars, interconnection cabling, required components and related drawings to
make a complete earthing system.

Earthing equipment and assemblies must be supplied by the earthing specialist

supplier who will be responsible for specifying the detailed mechanical and
electrical requirements of the design while complying with the requirements of
this specification.

Trench excavation and backfill forms part of this scope.

It is a requirement that this specification is to be read in conjunction with the

following specifications:

¾ K0001-A430-E-SPC-0012 - Electrical Installation

Any deviation from this specification or other standards applicable shall be listed and
discussed with and approval obtained in writing from SISHEN SOUTH PROJECT before
the commencement of works.

The earthing specialist supplier shall conduct an Earth Survey at the Sishen South site as
a part of the Tender.

2 STATUTORY DOCUMENTS AND STANDARDS

Earthing equipment and assemblies shall comply with the requirements of this
specification including the relevant requirements of the following Acts, Codes of Practice
and Standards.

The Occupational Health and Safety (Act 85 of 1993)

The Mines and Safety Act (Act 78 of 1973)

SANS10313 The Protection of Structures against Lightning

SANS 0198(1) Definitions and Statutory requirements.
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SANS 0198(3) Earthing Systems – general provisions.

SANS 0198(12) Installation of Earthing Systems.
SANS 0199 The Design and Installation of an Earth Electrode
SANS10200 Neutral Earthing in medium voltage Industrial Power
Systems
SANS 1063 Earth rods, couplers and clamps.
IEC 364-5-54 Earthing arrangements and Protective Conductors
IEC 364-7-707 Earthing Requirements of Data Processing Systems and
Equipment
Report No: JW123/05/A056 Geotechnical Report

3 ENVIRONMENT
The site conditions are as follows:-

• Ambient Temperatures -5 deg C to +50 deg C

• Altitude Above Sea Level 1300m
• Atmospheric Conditions Corrosive and Dusty
• Local Wind Speed 120 Km/h

The type of soil, the nature of the underground water table and surrounding buildings are
factors which shall be taken in account when designing the earthing system.

4 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Wiring and Cabling

All wiring and cabling on earthing systems shall be executed in green and yellow
PVC covered, stranded copper wire/cable. This shall also apply to earth point -
to-earth system connections where buried underground. The size of the cable
shall be adequate to carry the maximum possible fault current. Aluminium
materials shall not be used.

4.2 Connections
Connections and joints shall be mechanically substantial, with silvered or tinned
interfaces for connections to earth busbars. All connections on earth systems
shall be bolted. Bolts, nuts and washers shall be made of brass or shall be plated
for long term non-corrosion.
All bolted connections shall be so arranged that they are clearly visible and easily
accessible for routine testing of continuity and general maintenance purposes.
Thermitic welded joints/connections shall not be used other than on buried earth
rod connections. Any such welding shall be executed under immediate
supervision of Sishen South Project
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4.3 Earth Point Material and Components

The supply of all necessary materials and components for the construction and
installation of an earth point shall be the responsibility of the earthing supplier,
except where otherwise identified in the respective enquiry and contract
documents.

4.4 Painting
Where bus bars and bus bar ring circuits are provided as part of the earthing
system, these bus bars shall be painted in bright green.

4.5 Earthing Points and Systems

Earthing points and systems shall be designed, supplied and installed as
separate electrical engineering components and features.

The use of reinforcing steel within concrete structures is not permitted for any
assigned earthing point or system duty, or for the specific conduction of lightning
discharges;

Concrete structures which are equipped with lightning rods/spikes, conductors

and earth points shall have their reinforcing steel work bonded at the top and at
the bottom to the lightning conductor, which shall be visibly mounted on the
outside of the structure.

The use of integral steel structures as an earthing system for the purpose of the
assigned functions of an electrical earthing system or for the purpose of earth
points and earthing systems is not permitted, except where specifically allowed
under this specification.

The functions of the electrical earthing system shall be accommodated by

separate copper conductors, bolted or clamped directly to the structure at
appropriate distances for mechanical integrity and neatness.

All bus bar conductors shall be installed such that connections and joints are
visible, or can be made visible without undue interference with major structures
or coverings.

No metal sheaths or armouring of electrical power and control cables shall be

considered as a formal connection to an earth system or earth point.

5 LIGHTNING PROTECTION
High structures of more than 15m height and carrying electrical equipment which
is connected to the plant, or is supplied from an electrical distribution system,
shall be provided with lightning spike/rods and earth points. The lightning
protection system shall be separate from the electrical earthing system and earth
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points, it is permissible for an electrical connection shall be made between the

two concerned earthing systems.
The required resistance-to-ground value of such lightning earth points shall
individually not exceed 1 ohms to avoid, or to reduce flash-overs and induced
over-voltages in the electrical equipment on the structures.

Note:
The above-mentioned ground resistance is rather lower than the value proposed
in the SANS Code of Practice No. 03; their recommended value of ohms is only
to be applied when no electrical equipment is associated or mounted on the tall
structures.

The standard method for the provision of earth points shall be the installation of
"Copperweld" rods, drilled vertically into the subsoil hole to be drilled and filled
with Bentonite.
The earth rods are to be buried vertically to a minimum depth of 5m from the
normal surface or datum mark.

Earth rods to be installed vertically in the ground from the bottom of excavations,
shall be installed to a minimum depth of 4m from the bottom of the excavation.

Subject to the above minimum depths, the rods shall be installed until they have
a measured resistance-to-ground value of 1 ohms. If the soil/rock cannot be
penetrated to reach the required value of 1 ohms, a series of additional parallel
rods, at 3 m intervals, shall be installed to achieve the correct value of 1 ohms.

The number of parallel rods per earth point should normally not exceed 3. If more
than 3 rods are required, the minimum spacing from the next rod onwards, shall
be increased to 4m.

All rod tops shall be approximately 400mm below surface ground level and they
shall normally be covered with topsoil or other surface material.

The relevant position or location of earth rods shall be annotated in appropriate

earthing system drawing(s) for the installation or area, by means of X - Y co-
ordinates.

5.1 Earth Point Connections

Accessible Earth Point Connects
Rod - to - cable connections which will remain accessible after completion of the
contract works shall be made by means of appropriate rod-to-cable bolted
clamps.

Inaccessible Earth Point Connections

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Rod-to-cable connections which are to become inaccessible, shall be made by

means of an appropriate Thermitic ("Cadweld") welded joint.

Parallel Earth Point Rod Installations

When paralleling such rods for the establishment of an earth point with a
resistance -to- ground value of 1 ohms only one cable shall be used. The circuit
is to be formed by welding the rods sequentially and individually to this cable.

Parallel rods shall be connected as described above for inaccessible rods. Earth
points with individual rods, or sets of rods, which become inaccessible after the
completion of the civil engineering works, the number of earth points per location
shall be doubled, in order to allow for long term deterioration or
accidental/incidental failure. Such duplicate earth points shall be connected to
their relevant earth system by their own and separate cable. The duplicate sets
of rods may be installed in the same or immediately adjacent area(s).

The distance between individual earth points (or sets of duplicate earth points, as
detailed above), and which serve specific earthing systems, shall be as large as
practical, with the following as guidelines:

¾ When the earthing system extends beyond a linear distance of 40m, additional
earth points shall be provided at intervals of 40 - 60m, or on every fourth (steel)
building column, as indicated by practical considerations.
¾ Earthing systems for substations with a surface area of more than 100m² shall be
provided with four earth points, located at the corners of the building or yard and
connected to the substation earth bar or system.
¾ Where electrical earthing systems may be subject to occasional lightning discharges
(e.g. switchyards, remote substations or buildings), the systems shall be connected
to at least four radially distributed earth points.

6 ALTERNATIVE EARTH POINTS

In circumstances where hard rock/shale cannot be penetrated in order to reach
the low resistively soil or if the earth systems are also exposed to lightning
discharges. The following alternative methods may be used, subject to written
permission from Sishen South Project.

¾ When the rods are to be installed at, or below, the normal water table levels the rods
may be driven horizontally, following the general level and direction of the shale layer
formations.
¾ Lead holes of ± 50mm diameter may be drilled vertically by means of pneumatic or
rotating drills to approximately 5m. These holes shall then be filled with a 50/50
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mixture of top soil and Bentonite, watered down well. The rods may then be driven
into these holes.
¾ The foundation top surface level will be above the shale/rock and soil dividing line,
rods may be driven horizontally at this line. Such rods shall not be driven more than
4m and a "ground mat" effect is to be obtained by driving rods at all corners of such
foundation holes; the rods to bisect the angles between the walls of the hole.

If the above alternatives prove impractical or too costly, the following are to be
considered:

¾ Abandon the proposed earth point(s) and bring earth system connections in from two
other locations. This would apply to either large buildings, when isolated and
individual snags are countered, or very small buildings or installations situated on a
rocky or very dry subsoil area.
¾ For the latter case the required earth system connections shall be brought in through
an additional cable core plus the cable armouring for all cables to such installations.
Such cable core(s) shall have the same cross section as the other cores in the
cable(s).
¾ In addition an earth mat or trench earth shall be provided.

7 CABLE SIZING
Sizing of copper cables for earthing purposes, of loads such as motors etc., shall
be according to the following Table 1:

GROUP RATING CABLE SIZE

Up to 5kW 10mm²
5kW to 100kW 16mm²
100kW to 500kW 35mm²
Above 500kW 95mm²

8 EARTH BARS
Each enclosure or group of enclosures shall have an earth bar with a cross
sectional area to suit the application. The maximum thickness of the bar shall be
63mm and the minimum 10mm. Sandwiching of bars will not be permitted.

All metal parts other than those forming part of an electrical circuit shall be
connected to the earth bar. The earth bar which shall run throughout the full
length shall be installed in the bottom of the enclosure(s).
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The bar shall be suitably drilled or punched to accommodate the earth

conductors, as well as the connections to the substation earth ring at both ends
of the bar.

Alternatively, an earth terminal (to serve the purpose of an earth bar) may be
provided in a enclosure where less than 4 earth connections are to be made.

9 INSTRUMENT CLEAN EARTH BARS

Earth bars for "clean" earthing systems e.g. signal - and screen earths shall be mounted
separate and be insulated from any other earths, except for the common connection point
where the individual earths are joined near the earth point. Where possible, "clean" earth
bars shall be mounted in the bottom of the individual enclosure(s).

10 EARTHING SYSTEMS FOR SUBSTATIONS

10.1 Indoor Substations

An earth busbar ring circuit shall be provided, which can be installed either on the
inside walls of the substation or alternatively on the outside walls and earth cable
trenches of the substation building. Any external platforms, transformer yards
and enclosures shall be included within the perimeter of the busbar ring circuit.

Busbar ring circuits shall be constructed of 100mm x 6.3mm flat copper and are
to be connected to the earth points at the four extreme corners of the building.
These earth points shall be installed at locations which will not interfere with
existing or future civil engineering works or other structures or assemblies. The
required spacing between the earth points shall not be less than 0.5m and shall
not exceed 3m.

The substation earth system shall be also include for earthing of transformer
neutral points, transformer tanks, switchboard structures and steel work, via
individual copper busbars and copper cables.

10.2 Outdoor Substations and Switch Yards

Outdoor substations and switch-yards shall be provided with earth mats under
the entire area, extending 3m beyond the enclosing security fences.

The earth mat grids shall consist of squares of not less than 15m x 15m, and not
larger than 18m x 18m.

For grids which have a total length or width dimension of 50m, or more, the earth
mat itself shall be considered as the combined earth system and earth point.
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Where the soil resistivity, at 900mm below surface level, exceeds 10 ohms per
meter, the earth mat shall be provided with additional earth points. Such
additional earth points shall be located at the connection points for system
neutrals and at the four corners of the mat, within the perimeter of substation or
switch-yard. The resistance-to-ground value of such earth points shall each be 1
ohms.

Note:
This requirement will normally apply to situations where the substation or yard is
located on back-filled soil, rubble, rock or in (seasonally) extremely dry terrain.

Where the total length/width is less than 50m, the earth mat shall always be
provided with additional earth points. Such earth points shall be located at the
connection points for system neutrals and at two diagonally opposite corners,
within the perimeter of substation or switch-yard. The resistance-to-ground value
of such additional earth points shall each be 1 ohms.

For purposes of inspection and earth resistance measurement the additional rods
that have been installed shall be inserted such that 250mm shall remain above
ground level for ease of inspection and regular measurement.

The copper cables connecting the earth points to the earth mat shall have a
cross-section of 95mm². The copper cables shall be connected to the rods by
means of proprietary bolted clamps or Thermitic welding ('Cadweld") to the earth
mat grid elements.
The earth mat shall be made up of 9.5mm copper rods, brazed at the joints and
crossings, buried 900mm below finished ground level and 150mm below
concrete when passing below foundations, drains or trenches.

10.3 Reactor Support Structures

The design of the earthing system for reactor supporting structures shall ensure
that the possibility of circulating ground currents will be prevented.

10.4 Transformers, Surge Arrestors, Potential Transformers and Current

Transformers
System neutrals and earth connections from transformers, surge arrestors,
potential transformers and current transformers shall all be connected directly to
the grid elements, by means of one 300mm² stranded copper conductor.

10.5 Substation Switchyards, Buildings, Support Structures, Fences, Gates, Boxes

and Kiosks
Connection tails to steel work and equipment in the substation switch-yard shall
be made up of 40mm x 4mm bare copper strip, brazed horizontally to the mat's
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grid elements, with a horizontal run of not less than 300mm before emerging
vertically above the surface.

The building structural steel work, crawl beams, roof and gutters shall be connected to
the earth system with individual copper drop wires.

Equipment support structures shall be earthed at alternate columns; non-continuous steel

work at every column. Isolator switch operating handles shall be earthed through
stranded copper conductors containing at least 21 strands, to supporting structures.

Fences shall be earthed to the grid elements with bare copper strap of 40mm x 4mm at
corners, gateposts and at intervals not exceeding 20m. Ancillary mechanism boxes and
connection kiosks shall be earthed directly to the grid elements, by means of 25mm x
2.5mm bare copper straps.

Brick/concrete buildings, within the yard or at the perimeter, shall be treated as indoor
substations. The external earth bar shall be bonded directly to the grid elements at two
points, as far apart as the longest dimension of the building permits.

11 EARTHING SYSTEMS FOR MOTOR ROOMS AND SWITCH ROOMS

Motor rooms and switch rooms are generally served by specifically dedicated
earth systems, common to all the equipment in their area.

11.1 Small Installations (Single Earth Bar)

Where the enclosed or separate area, which comprises an electrical installation,
is less than 100m² in area, or where the width/length ratio is less than 0.3 such
areas shall be served by separate earth systems.

These earth systems shall consist of a single copper bus bar along the major
wall, or in the centre of the installation.

Individual plant electrical units, distribution switchboards, large and small

machines shall be directly connected to this bus bar ring by individual copper bus
bars or copper cable. Such conductors shall be installed that connections and
points are visible or can be made visible without undue interference with major
mechanical or civil engineering structures.

11.2 Large Installations (Ring Earth Bar)

Electrical operating areas, such as motor rooms and control rooms, which have a
floor area exceeding 1000m² and whose width/length ratio exceeds 0.3 shall be
served by a geographically encompassing earth system.
The earth system shall consist of a 100mm x 6.3mm copper busbar, mounted
visibly along the walls and forming a continuous ring. The earth ring shall be
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connected to consecutive earth points at horizontal distance intervals of not more

than 60m.

12 EARTHING SYSTEMS FOR INDIVIDUAL PLANT UNITS, APPARATUS AND

CABLE RUNS

12.1 General provisions

Individual electrical installations, plant units or apparatus shall be earthed to
central or common earth systems and connected to the nearest building earth
point. Where no building earth points are available the earth systems shall be
provided with two separate earth points, dedicated to the earth systems. Earth
system to earth point (s) connections shall be installed with 95mm square copper
cables.

All physically separated electrical components and apparatus shall be individually

connected to the area earth system(s) by means of copper cables. Minimum
sizes of such cables shall be according to Item 7.0 Table 1.

Note:

Series or "daisy chain" earth connections of individual components or apparatus,

where such components or apparatus carry independently supplied electrical
circuits, are not permitted.

13 EARTHING OF SWITCH BOARD / CONTROL BOA RD STRUCTURES

Separate free-standing structures within an electrical installation shall be earthed
with two separate cables of 95mm square with one cable connected on each side
of the structure. These earth connections shall be electrically connected to each
vertical section of the structures. Mechanically bolted horizontal joints between
metal structures shall not be used for earth continuity purposes.

Vertical subsections if adequately bolted, are considered as integrally bonded if

such subsections form part of a single electrical unit.
Groups of related apparatus may be earthed to sub-earth bars which in turn shall
he connected to the main earth bar by means of one copper conductor.
Minimum size of this cable shall be according to clause Item 7.0 Table 1
This conductor shall be installed with the connections and joints visible or can be
made visible without undue interference with mechanical or civil engineering
structures.

14 EARTHING OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT ON LARGE AND CONTINUOUS

MECHANICAL STRUCTURES
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Where a number of individual electrical motors or apparatus are mounted on

large and mechanically continuous structures these motors or apparatus shall be
earthed directly to such structures.
Where these structures consist of horizontal elements (or levels) separate earth
conductors shall be connected to both ends of each such element or level, which
shall be connected to central or common earth systems. The conductor shall be
copper cable fastened in a manner that it is visible and accessible; the cross-
section of the earth conductors shall not be less than 35mm².

15 EARTHING OF MOVING ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND OVERHEAD

CRANES
All moving electrical equipment shall be earthed, unless portable apparatus is of
the "double insulation" type and which is specifically excluded from this
specification. When no earthing for apparatus is required in such instances, the
electrical supply for such apparatus shall be provided with SANS approved Earth
Leakage Circuit Trips; refer to SANS 767 and SANS 10142

15.1 Free-moving Electrical Equipment

Electrical moving equipment which is powered from fixed supply points shall be
earthed by means of a separate and specific earth conductor. This conductor
shall be part of the supply cable and be connected to the supply earth system
and the moving equipment via appropriate earth pins or connections.
The cross-sectional area of this earth conductor shall not be less than the supply
conductors. All non-current-carrying housings, enclosures and metal structures
of portable/movable electrical apparatus or equipment shall be connected to the
earth conductor.

15.2 Electrical Equipment on Rails and Overhead Cranes

Moving electrical equipment on rails shall be earthed by means of a separate and
dedicated spring loaded earth shoe, either sliding on the mechanical track or on
a separate earth rail.

Such a track or rail shall be connected to two earth points, or an earth system"
via copper cable or busbar with a minimum cross-section 35mm² or 95mm² for a
connected rating of > 500kW.

The earth point or earth system connections may be omitted if the track or rail
has a multiple point mechanical contact with a metal building structure which is
served by at least two earth points or an earth system.

Where rail-mounted electrical equipment are powered by means of a flexible

cable, then the requirements of a separate earth conductor shall also apply.
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An earth system shall be separately and visibly installed on the moving

equipment and it shall be installed with copper cable of a minimum cross-section
35mm² or 95mm² for a connected rating of > 500kW.

The earth system shall be continuous from the spring loaded earth shoe or
collector, and run the full extent of the moving equipment. All panels, controllers
and machines shall be connected directly to the earth system.

Electrical overhead travelling cranes shall be provided with earthing systems, as

set out in the technical specifications for such cranes. These generally follow the
above requirements, with details on the earthing of sub-supply system.

15.3 Cable Installations in Trenches, Tunnels and Trays

Multiple cable installations over a length of 50m or more, and which have:

¾ Power and control cables in common application to particular equipment, plant or

area at voltage levels up to and including 750V, or;
¾ Cables at 3.3kV or higher, amongst them, shall be provided with a copper earth cable
of 70mm² over the entire length of the trench, tunnel and metal tray. These earth
cables shall be laid loose. Both ends of such earth cable(s) shall be connected to
earth systems or earth points at the terminal plants.

No specific connections to the general structural metal work of the trench, tunnel
or tray are required, with the following exceptions:

¾ Hand rails in tunnels (every 10m)

¾ Foot bridges
¾ Cable crossing supporting steel work
¾ Ladders and safety cages
¾ Access door frames and ventilation hatches;
¾ Electrical pumps or ventilation drives and their control or starting facilities.

Connections to metal structures in the above categories shall be by means of

copper cable of 35mm² cross-section, bolted and adequately fastened to walls or
metal supports.

Metal sheaths or armouring of electric power and control cables (excluding signal
cables) shall be earthed at both terminations of their runs. Such sheaths/armour
shall be bridged on cable joints in the cable runs; they need not be electrically
insulated from the earthed supporting structures or the earth conductor.

Note:
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Lighting and plug outlet systems in tunnels shall carry their own earth conductor.
Conduit or cable armouring shall not be used as an earth conductor.

15.4 Earthing of Free-standing Towers, Poles, Vessels, Tanks and Metal

Structures
Free-standing metal structures of the above general description and which carry
electrical apparatus shall be provided with, or connected to a separate earth
point or to the earth system which serves the electrical apparatus on the free-
standing structure(s).

All such connections shall be with copper cable with a minimum cross-sectional
area of 35mm².

Lightning protection is normally required when the free-standing structure is not

within the protected zone of any other higher or extended lightning spike/rod
protection facility. Refer to the SANS Code of Practice for "The Protection of
Structures against Lightning" No. 10313 where lightning protection is considered
necessary.

16 SURGE SUPPRESSION
The Contractor shall install surge suppression equipment as required by the plant
equipment manufacturers, or when deemed necessary by Sishen South Project.

17 LABELLING
All earth bars and earth cables, when used inside motor/control rooms and
enclosures, shall be clearly marked to indicate the function thereof, e.g. PE
(Protective earth), SCCOM (Screen common), SIGCOM (Signal common), etc.
Coding of cables for the purpose of "Cable Routing Schedules" shall be in
accordance with Specification Electrical Installation.

18 COLOUR CODING OF CABLES / WIRING

Colour coding of wiring to be connected to the electrical plant earth (protective
earth) shall be green/yellow.

Colour coding of wiring to be connected to other earths (e.g. computer -, signal

earths) shall be discussed and clarified with Sishen South Project.

A sample of markers or other method of marking, is to be submitted to Sishen

South Project for approval.

19 TESTS AND COMMISSIONING

SISHEN SOUTH PROJECT
SPECIFICATION
Doc No: K0001-A430-E-SPC-0017 Page 17 of 17
EARTHING AND LIGHTNING
Rev No: B 17-10-2007
PROTECTION

Measuring of earth point resistance shall be in accordance with this specification

and SABS Code of Practice No. 10313.
When testing and commissioning of the earthing system are specified in the
contract details, the Contractor shall provide all equipment needed.

¾ All related tests shall be witnessed by Sishen South Project.

¾ Acceptance of resistance-to-ground values shall be obtained from Sishen South
Project.

20 INFORMATION TO BE SUBMITTED
The Earthing Specialist Supplier Tenderer shall submit, where applicable, all
information, data and drawings to the project standards.

20.1 Information and Data to be Supplied by the Tenderer

Tender Schedules

For lightning protection works the Tenderer shall complete and submit Schedule
B14.

20.2 Drawings
Where the Tenderer is to engineer the earthing system, he shall submit the
following principle drawings to reflect the basic design of the earthing system:

¾ Proposed Arrangement of Earthing System of Plant Area;

¾ Proposed Arrangement of Earthing of the different types of equipment involved.

Where the Tenderer is to supply equipment which will utilize an existing earth
system on the plant, he shall submit a principle drawing to reflect the connections
and integration between new equipment and existing earth system.

The Contractor shall submit the following drawings:

¾ Site Installation (Plant lay-out with placing of rods etc.);

¾ Construction Details;
¾ General Dimensions;
¾ Schematic Arrangement of the System(s).

21 INFORMATION AND DATA TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE CONTRACTOR

The Tenderer shall specifically state items or features offered in the schedule.
The words "comply" or "conform" shall not be used.