BAB

Maximum displacement from the rest Resonans dalam sistem ayunan

Gelombang
1 Waves
position.
(b) Jarak di antara dua titik berturutan
Resonance in oscillating system

yang bergerak dalam fasa yang 1. (a) frekuensi aslinya, daya luar
Memahami Gelombang
1.1 Understanding Wave sama. / Distance between two natural frequency, external force
continuous points that moved in the (b) panjangnya / length
2. medium, memindahkan tenaga (d) frekuensi aslinya, tenaga, amplitud
same phase.
medium, transports energy
(c) Bilangan gelombang lengkap besar, resonans / natural frequency,
3. tenaga, memindahkan jirim
dihasilkan dalam satu saat. / The energy, large amplitude, resonance
energy, transferring matter
4. gelombang melintang, gelombang number of complete wave produced in 2. (a) tenaganya, daya berkala, amplitud
one second. energy, periodic force, amplitudes
membujur
transverse waves, longitudinal waves (d) Masa untuk menghasilkan satu (b) besar, frekuensi paksaan, frekuensi
gelombang lengkap. / Time taken to asli / large, force frequency, natural
Jenis-jenis gelombang produce one complete wave. frequency
Types of wave (e) Jarak perambatan gelombang (c) sama, frekuensi, frekuensi asli,
1. (a) zarah-zarah medium, berserenjang, dalam satu saat. / Distance travelled tenaga maksimum, amplitudnya,
air, elektromagnet by a wave in one second. resonans
particles of the medium, perpendicular, same, frequency, natural frequency,
Water, electromagnetic Contoh 1 maximum energy, amplitude, resonance
(b) zarah-zarah medium, selari, bunyi T = 2.5 s , f  = 0.4 Hz
particles of the medium, parallel, Sound
Contoh 2 1
2. (a) Gelombang Mekanikal
(a) T = 0.5 s
Mechanical Waves 1. Tempoh / Frekuensi /
(b) v = 2.5 m s–1
(b) Gelombang Membujur Period, T Frequency, f
(c) l = 1.25 m
Longitudinal Waves
2.0 s 0.5 Hz
(c) Gelombang Melintang
Transverse Waves Graf gerakan gelombang 0.02 s 50 Hz
(d) Gelombang Elektromagnet Graph for wave motion 0.01 s 100 Hz
Electromagnetic Waves 1. (a) • satu tempoh / a period 5 × 10–5 s 20 kHz
• amplitud, a, tempoh, T, frekuensi, f
Muka gelombang 2. (a) (i) 0.6 cm
Wavefronts / amplitude, a, period, T, frequency, f
(ii) l = 4 cm
1. puncak, sama / crest, same Contoh 3 (b) (i) T = 1.25 s
2. berserenjang / perpendicular (a) a = 6 cm   (ii) f = 0.8 Hz
3. (a) (b) T = 2.0 s  (iii) v = f l = 3.2 cm s–1
(c) f = 0.5 Hz 
Pantulan Gelombang
(b) • jarak yang dilalui
1.2 Reflection of Wave
distance travelled  1. dibalikkan / are returned
• amplitud, a, panjang gelombang, l 3. kanta cembung, puncak / convex lens, crest
amplitude, a, wavelength, l 4.
(b) Cahaya
Light
Contoh 4
(a) a = 15 cm
(b) λ = 80 cm
(c) f = 1 Hz

Pelembapan dalam sistem ayunan

Damping in an oscillating system

Sistem ayunan 1. amplitud sama / same amplitude

Oscillating system (a) tenaga keupayaan, tenaga kinetik
potential energy, kinetic energy
1. (a) berulang-alik / periodic to-and-fro (b) tenaga kinetik, tenaga keupayaan Pantulan gelombang air
2. (a) A ke C dan balik semula ke A kinetic energy, potential energy
Reflection of water waves
A to C and back to A (c) malar / constant
(b) sesaran maksimum 3. semakin perlahan, berhenti 1. tangki riak / ripple tank
maximum displacement
slow down, stop 2. hukum pantulan, sudut tuju / law of
(c) membuat satu ayunan lengkap 4. rintangan udara, Tenaga, pelembapan reflection, angle of incidence
complete one oscillation air resistance, Energy, damping 3. (a)
(d) ayunan lengkap, satu saat 5. ke hilang tenaga / losses energy
complete oscillations, one second 6. daya geseran, rintangan

frictional force, resistance
Panjang gelombang dan laju
gelombang 7. regangan, mampatan molekul-molekul
Wavelength and wave speed extension, compression, molecules
8. (a) malar, malar / constant, constant
1. (a) Sesaran maksimum dari kedudukan (b) semakin kecil / smaller and smaller
rehat.

1
   Fizik  Tingkatan 5  Jawapan

(b) (ii) Pantulan gelombang bunyi 2. (a) membias, lebih kecil / refract, smaller
Reflection of sound waves (b) lebih besar / larger

Pembiasan gelombang bunyi

Pembiasan Gelombang Air
1.3 Refraction of Water Wave
Refraction of sound waves

1. dalam, cetek, laju, pembiasan / deep, 2. (a) lemah, tersebar / weak, they spread
45° shallow, speed, refraction out
Normal (b) kuat, dibiaskan, ditumpukan / strong,
4. (a)
refracted, converges
(c)

(c) lebih tumpat, dalam, menumpu
denser, inwards, converge
Normal
 3. Bunyi tidak dapat dikesan oleh mikrofon
kerana gas helium adalah kurang
Kawasan dalam Kawasan cetek tumpat berbanding dengan udara. Oleh
Deep area Shallow area itu gelombang bunyi terbias ke arah
luar dan mencapah jauh dari mikrofon
(b)
supaya tidak dapat dikesan.
Sound waves cannot be detected by the
microphone because helium gas is less dense
Pantulan gelombang cahaya than air. Sound waves are refracted outwards
Reflection of light waves and diverge aways so they are not detected
by the microphone.
Eksperimen 1.1
Kawasan dalam Kawasan cetek
(a) plastisin / plasticine Deep area Shallow area Fenomena disebabkan oleh pembiasan
(b) protraktor / protractor gelombang
(c) sama / equal (c) Phenomena due to refraction of waves
(d) sudut tuju, i = sudut pantulan, r
the angle of incidence i = angle of reflection, r 1. berkurangan, pembiasan gelombang,
berkurangan
Pantulan gelombang bunyi decreases, refraction of the waves, decreases
Reflection of sound waves 2. melengkung ke arah, lebih bergelora,
Kawasan dalam Kawasan cetek lebih tenang, tenaga gelombang
Eksperimen 1.2 Deep area Shallow area bend towards, choppy, calm, energy of the
(a) Tiub kadbod bulat / Round cardboard tubes wave
(b) sama / equal (d) 3. lebih kasar, bengkok ke arahnya,
(c) Sudut tuju, i = sudut pantulan, r tenang, bengkok jauh darinya / rougher,
Angle of incidence, i = angle of reflection, r bend towards it, calmer, bend away from it

1. (a) sudut tuju / angle of incidence 3

(b) panjang gelombang tuju
wavelength of incident wave Kawasan dalam Kawasan cetek
1.
Deep area Shallow area Kawasan dalam Kawasan cetek
(c) frekuensi gelombang tuju Deep area Shallow area
frequency of incident wave
(d) laju gelombang tuju (e)
Arah N
speed of incident wave
gelombang i
2 Wave
direction
r

1.
Kawasan dalam Kawasan cetek 2.
Deep area Shallow area Kawasan cetek Kawasan dalam
Shallow area Deep area
5. laju gelombang, panjang gelombang
wave speed, wavelength Arah N
(a) dibiaskan / refracted gelombang i
(b) membengkok menjauhi / bend away Wave
2. (a) (i) Penghalang papan lembut : direction
6. (a) lebih panjang / longer r
untuk menghalang gelombang
(b) sama / same
bunyi daripada jam randik.
Soft board : to block the sound (c) lebih cepat / faster
waves directly from the stopwatch. 7. perubahan arah, perubahan laju,
ketumpatan / change of direction, change of Pembelauan Gelombang Air
(ii) papan lapis : untuk 1.4 Diffraction of Water Wave
memantulkan gelombang bunyi speed, density
daripada jam randik. Mengkaji pembelauan gelombang
Plywood: to reflect sound waves Pembiasan gelombang cahaya To study diffraction of waves
from the stopwatch. Refraction of light waves
(b) (i) Sudut i = sudut r 2. celah, tersebar luas, bulatan
Angle i = angle r 1. pembiasan / refraction gap, spread out, circular

2
 Fizik  Tingkatan 5  Jawapan 

(a) (b) 3. (c)

    Cahaya
Light

Pinggir gelap A B
Dark fringes
(d)
(c)

Pinggir cerah Pinggir cerah pusat

Bright fringes Central bright fringe

4. titik pusat yang cerah, jalur gelap, cerah

sepusat / bright central point, concentric
dark, bright fringes
3. dibengkokkan, bertambah 5. (a) monokromatik / monochromatic
bend, increased (b) sama saiz, panjang gelombang
(i) comparable, wavelength
6. saiz celah, sama / slit size, same
constructive, destructive
Pembelauan Gelombang Bunyi
principle of superposition
Diffraction of sound waves
1. panjang, disebarkan, dibelaukan
long, spread out, diffracted
(ii)
2. panjang gelombang yang lebih panjang,
dibiaskan lebih lagi / longer wavelength,
diffracted more
Menganalisis Interferens
1.5 Gelombang
Anaylsing Interference of Wave
1. membina, memusnah
2. prinsip superposisi
3. (a) fasa, puncak, lebih besar, lebih
besar
phase, crest, bigger, bigger
(b) luar fasa, lembangan, menolak
out of phase, trough, cancel
Interferens Gelombang Air
Interference of Water Wave

4 Eksperimen 1.3
Kesimpulan / Conclusion :
1. (a) (b) 1. antinod / antinode
4. kecil, merambat mengelilingi, 2. nod / nod
menutupnya / small, passes around, closes up 3. frekuensi, amplitud, fasa
(i) frequency, amplitude, phase

Interferens gelombang cahaya

   Interference of light wave

(c) Eksperimen 1.4

(a) monokromatik, dwicelah
monochromatic, double slit
(b) fasa yang sama / in phase
(ii) (c) gelap, cerah, jalur
dark, bright, fringes
(d) interferens memusnah, interferens
(d) membina, dwicelah Young
destructive interference, constructive
interference, Young’s double slit
(f) pembelauan, koherens, cerah, gelap
    diffraction, coherent, bright, dark

5. celah, satu halangan Interferens gelombang bunyi

gap, around an obstacle Interference of sound waves
6. lebar / width
2. (a) (b) 1. fasa sama, frekuensi sama
7. (a) sama / same
in the same phase, same frequency
(b) sama / same
2. kuat, lemah / loud, weak
(c) sama / same
3. interferens membina, interferens
(d) lebih kecil / smaller
memusnah
constructive interference, destructive
Pembelauan gelombang cahaya interference
Diffraction of light waves
4. amplitud / amplitude
   5. kuat, lemah / loud, soft
2. pusat maksimum, jalur gelap, jalur cerah
central maximum, dark, bright fringes

3
   Fizik  Tingkatan 5  Jawapan

Menganalisis pola interferens Kelangsingan dan frekuensi (e) (i) Untuk mengukur kedalaman
Analysing the interference pattern Pitch and frequency laut / To measure depth of sea
(ii) Pintu automatik / Automatic door
1. antinod 1. lebih tinggi, bertambah / higher, increases

antinodes (a) rendah / Low
2. nod Gelombang Elektromagnet

noded
(b) tinggi / Higher 1.7 Electromagnetic Waves
2. kelangsingan tinggi / high-pitch
3. garis antinod 1. medan elektrik, medan magnet, vakum,

antinodal lines
Kenyaringan dan amplitud 3.0 × 108 m s–1 / electric fields, magnetic
4. garis nod Loudness and amplitude fields, vacuum, 3.0 × 108 m s–1

nodal lines 3. berserenjang / perpendicular
5. 1. nyaring, amplitud, bertambah, tenaga, 4. tenaga, elektrik, magnet / energy, electric,
Garis antinod lebih besar, amplitud magnetic
Garis antinod Antinodal line Garis antinod

louder, amplitude, increases, energy, larger,
Antinodal line
Garis Garis Antinodal line amplitude
Spektrum elektromagnet
Garis nod nod Electromagnetic spectrum
nod Nodal Nodal
Nodal line line Aplikasi gelombang bunyi 1. Gelombang radio, gelombang mikro,
line
Application of sound waves inframerah, cahaya boleh nampak,
Q R
P ultraungu, sinar-X dan sinar gama.
1. gelombang ultrasonik / ultrasonic waves Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible,
2. (a) pemancar, penerima, bunyi tinggi ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma-rays.
atau bunyi rendah, gema
transmitter, receiver, high or low sound,
Ciri-ciri gelombang elektromagnet
Characteristics of electromagnetic waves
S1 S2 echo
(b) sonar, kedalaman / sonar, depth 1. (a) melintang / transverse
Contoh 5 (d) pengesan ultrasonik, Gema (b) vakum / vacuum
ultrasonic scanner, Echoes
λ = 0.2 cm, x = 4 cm (c) 3.0 × 108 m s–1
(e) mencuci, gelombang ultrasonik, (d) pantulan, pembiasan, pembelauan
Getaran
5 clean, ultrasonic waves, vibrations
reflection, refraction, diffraction
(e) neutral, cas / neutral, charge
1. λ = 4.3 × 10–3 m (f) elektrik, magnet / electric, magnetic
2. λ = 6.495 × 10–7 m 6
3. D = 2.9 m
Aplikasi gelombang elektromagnet
1. t = 0.059 s Applications of electromagnetic waves
2. (a) Pantulan gelombang bunyi
Gelombang Bunyi Reflection of sound waves 1. panjang, terkecil / longest, smallest
1.6 Sound Waves
(b) Bunyi berfrekuensi tinggi 2. getaran elektron, antena / electrons
2. objek bergetar mempunyai kuasa penembusan vibrate, antenna

vibrating objects yang tinggi. Dengan ini bunyi 3. penyiaran, telekomunikasi, televisyen,
3. getaran tali, getaran tala bunyi, getaran adalah lebih mudah merambat ke telefon selular / broadcasting,
diafragma dalam air dan boleh merambat telecommunication, television, cellular phones
vibrating string, vibrating tunes, vibrating melalui suatu jarak yang lebih jauh.
diaphragm Sound with high frequency has high 4. (a) Gelombang radio / Radio waves
4. gelombang membujur / longitudinal wave penetrating power. So sound is easier (b) Penyiaran / Broadcasting
5. vakum / vacuum to propagate under water and can (c) satelit / satellite
propagate through a longer distance. (d) Infra merah / Infrared
Amplitud dan frekuensi gelombang (c) d = 50 m (e) tujuh komponen / seven components
bunyi (d) Hal ini kerana molekul-molekul air (f) Lampu berpendarflour / Fluorescent
Amplitude and frequency of sound waves tersusun dengan rapat dan dapat lamp
memindahkan tenaga bunyi dengan (g) Sinar-X / X-rays
1. osiloskop sinar katod (OSK) lebih cepat. (h) Radioterapi / Radiotheraphy
cathode ray oscilloscope (CRO) This is because water molecules are (i) Bahan radioaktif / Radioactive
2. bentuk gelombang, tempoh, voltan arranged closely and can transfer sound substances
wave shape, period, voltage energy faster.
(j) sel kanser / cancerous cells