Case study of ljlkkk;jhjczzGli

History:
The Toyota Corolla is a line of subcompact and compact cars manufactured by Toyota. Introduced
in 1966, the Corolla was the best-selling car worldwide jcccccccccccby 1974 and has been one of
the best-selling cars in the world since then. In 1997, the Corolla became the best selling nameplate
in the world, surpassing the Volkswagen Beetle. Toyota reached the milestone of 40 million Corollas
sold over eleven generations in July 2013. The series has undergone several major redesigns.
The name Corolla is part of Toyota's naming tradition of using names derived from the Toyota
Crown for sedans, with "corolla" Latin for "small crown". The Corolla has always been exclusive in
Japan to Toyota Corolla Store locations, and manufactured in Japan with a twin, called the Toyota
Sprinter until 2000. From 2006 to 2018 in Japan and much of the world, the hatchback companion
has been called the Toyota Auris.
Early models were mostly rear-wheel drive, while later models have been front-wheel drive. Four-
wheel drive versions have also been produced. The Corolla's traditional competitors have been
the Nissan Sunny, introduced the same year as the Corolla in Japan and the later Honda
Civic and Mitsubishi Lancer. The Corolla's chassis designation code is "E", as described in Toyota's
chassis and engine codes.

Specifications:
✕
Corolla 1.3 GLI MT SE Specification
Print
Dimensions

Exterior L x W x H (mm) 4620 x 1775 x 1475

Wheel Base (mm) 2700

Minimum Turning Radius (m) 5.4

(Tire)

Luggage Compartment Ltr 470

Capacity

ENGINE SPECIFICATION

Displacement (cc) 1299

Engine Code 2NZ-FE

Engine Type Water cooled, In-Line 4 cylinders

Fuel Supply System Sequential Multi-port Fuel Injection (SFI)

Valve Train 16-Valve DOHC with VVT-i

Throttle Control System Electronic Throttle Control System-intelligent (ETCS-i)

Maximum Output kW(HP)/rpm 63 (84)/6000

Maximum Torque Nm/rpm 121/4400

PERFORMANCE

Braking System Antilock Braking o

System (ABS)

Electronic Brake o
Distribution (EBD)

Brake Assist (BA) o

Brake Disc Type Front Ventilated Discs

Rear Solid Discs

Transmission Synchromesh 5 forward speed - 1 reverse Manual

Paddle Shift x

Cruise Control x

Sports Mode x

Suspension Front MacPherson Strut

Rear Torsion Beam

Dimensions

Steering System Electric Power Steering (EPS

Tires Size 195 / 65 R1jvhjl5

Wheel Type Steel Wheel With Full Wheel Cap

Fuel Tank Ltr 55

EXTERIOR

Front Radiator Grille Partial Chrome

Front Head Lamps Lamp Type Halogen

Auto Levelling Device x

LED Clearnace Lamps o

Daytime Running Lamp x

Rear Lamps LED Type

Coloured Outside Door o

Handles

Coloured Side View Mirrors Control Electric Controlled

with Turn Lamp
Retractable Manual

Windshield Laminated

Intermittent Windshield o
Wipers

Mud Flaps Rear

Side Skirts NEW o

Antenna Glass Embedded

Rear Garnish Extended Chrome

INTERIOR

Air Conditioner + Heater o

Sunroof x

Multi Information Display Compact LCD Display

Outside Temperature Display o

Dimensions

Speedometer Analog Meter with Chrome

Tachometer o

Economy Meter x

Push Start System x

Wireless Key Door o (with Panic Button)

Remote Trunk Opener o

Steering Wheel Wheel 3 Spoke

Column Tilt and Telescopic

Steering Wheel Switches x

Seats Fabric

Height Adjustable Driver x

Seat

Rear Seat Reclining x

Rear Headrest 3 x Separate

Rear Seat Armrest with Cup o

Holders and Lid

Illuminated Entry System o

Power Windows o

Central Door Locking o

Interior Color Scheme Flaxen

Door Trim Fabric with Silver Grip

Gear Shift Lever Standard

Inside Door Handle Resin - Ivory Colored

Foot Rest o

Rear Cabin Flat Floor o

Floor Mat o

Luggage Tray NEW o

Front Personal Lamp o

Dimensions

Room Lamp o

Rear Reading Lamp x

Sunvisor Driver + Passenger (with ticket holder)

Vanity Mirror Passenger Only

Center Console Box 2 Tier with Lid

Power Outlet [12 V] o

Rear USB Charging Point x

Digital Clock o

INFOTAINMENT

Car Infotainment System In-dash Audio System with 5" Display (including VAPS,BT,
MP3, Audio CD, Radio, USB and AUX Connectivity)

Camera Rear Audio Ready

Web x

Front x

Speaker 4

Toyota Connect x

SAFETY

SRS Airbag Dual (Driver + Passenger Side)

Seat Belt Front Driver + Passenger: 3 Point ELR with Pretensioner and Force
Limiter

Rear 3 Passenger: 3 Point ELR

ISOFIX Child Seat Anchors o

Immobilizer o

Light Reminder Warning o

High Mount Stop Lamp o

Front Fog Lamps

Key Reminder Warning o

 Dimensions

Whiplash Injury Lessening o

Seat

Vehicle Stability Control x

GOA Body o (With Crumple Zones

Main problems in following components:

 Catalytic Converter
 Spark Plug
 Ignition Coil
 Valve Clearance

Catalytic Converter:
A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device that converts toxic gases
and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants
by catalyzing a redox reaction (an oxidation and a reduction reaction). Catalytic converters are usually
used with internal combustion engines fueled by either gasoline or diesel—including lean-burn engines as
well as kerosene heaters and stoves.
The first widespread introduction of catalytic converters was in the United States automobile market. To
comply with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's stricter regulation of exhaust emissions, most
gasoline-powered vehicles starting with the 1975 model year must be equipped with catalytic
converters.[1][2][3][4] These "two-way" converters combine oxygen with carbon monoxide (CO)
and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). In 1981, two-way
catalytic converters were rendered obsolete by "three-way" converters that also reduce oxides of
nitrogen (NOx);[1] however, two-way converters are still used for lean-burn engines. This is because three-
way-converters require either rich or stoichiometric combustion to successfully reduce NO x.
Although catalytic converters are most commonly applied to exhaust systems in automobiles, they are
also used on electrical generators, forklifts, mining equipment, trucks, buses, locomotives,
and motorcycles. They are also used on some wood stoves to control emissions.[5]This is usually in
response to government regulation, either through direct environmental regulation or through health and
safety regulations.
Spark Plug:
A spark plug is a device for delivering electric current from an ignition system to the combustion
chamber of a spark-ignition engine to ignite the compressed fuel/air mixture by an electric spark,
while containing combustion pressure within the engine. A spark plug has a metal threaded shell,
electrically isolated from a central electrode by a porcelain insulator. The central electrode, which
may contain a resistor, is connected by a heavily insulated wire to the output terminal of an ignition
coil or magneto. The spark plug's metal shell is screwed into the engine's cylinder head and thus
electrically grounded. The central electrode protrudes through the porcelain insulator into
the combustion chamber, forming one or more spark gaps between the inner end of the central
electrode and usually one or more protuberances or structures attached to the inner end of the
threaded shell and designated the side, earth, or ground electrode(s).
Spark plugs may also be used for other purposes; in Saab Direct Ignition when they are not firing,
spark plugs are used to measure ionization in the cylinders – this ionic current measurement is used
to replace the ordinary cam phase sensor, knock sensor and misfire measurement function.[2] Spark
plugs may also be used in other applications such as furnaces wherein a combustible fuel/air
mixture must be ignited. In this case, they are sometimes referred to as flame igniters

Valve Clearance :
Valve clearances are the small gaps between the tops of the valve stems and the part of
the mechanism which presses on them to open the valves. Check the clearances at
regular intervals as specified in the car service schedule, and adjust if necessary. Reset
the clearances whenever the cylinder head has been removed.The job is commonly
called adjusting the tappets. A few cars have hydraulic tappets, which are self adjusting
and do not need checking.Before starting, make sure you know the type of valve
mechanism commonly called valve gear - fitted to your engine, and the relative valve
clearances. The car handbook should tell you the clearances - if not, consult a dealer or
the car service manual. The valve gear fitted to your engine will be either pushrod (OHV)
or overhead camshaft (OHC). There are two types of OHC valve gear direct acting and
indirect acting.
Ignition Coil:
An ignition coil (also called a spark coil) is an induction coil in an automobile's ignition
system that transforms the battery's low voltage to the thousands of volts needed to create
an electric spark in the spark plugs to ignite the fuel. Some coils have an internal resistor, while
others rely on a resistor wire or an external resistor to limit the current flowing into the coil from the
car's 12-volt supply. The wire that goes from the ignition coil to the distributor and the high voltage
wires that go from the distributor to each of the spark plugs are called spark plug wires or high
tension leads. Originally, every ignition coil system required mechanical contact breaker points and
a capacitor (condenser). More recent electronic ignition systems use a power transistor to provide
pulses to the ignition coil. A modern passenger automobile may use one ignition coil for each engine
cylinder (or pair of cylinders), eliminating fault-prone spark plug cables and a distributor to route the
high voltage pulses.
Ignition systems are not required for diesel engines which rely on compression to ignite the fuel/air
mixture.