POWER TRANSFORMER

1 Insulation Resistance Measurement

Procedure
a. For LT systems, use only 500V or 1000V Megger.
b. For MV & HV systems, use 2500V or 5000V Megger.
c. Remove Earth from Transformer neutral.
d. Measure as per table below.

1 2 Circuit Megger Used

N N MV & HV
2 1U - E 5kV
1W
W 2U - E 5kV
1U - 2U 5kV
1 2
V V

1 2
U U

2 Winding Resistance Measurement

WINDING RESISTANCE METER

I I I I Circuit Tap No Resistance Ω
I1 P1 P2 I2
1U-1N All Taps
1V-1N
1W-1N

2U-2N
2V-2N
2W-2N
1 1 1
1W
U V N

2 2 2 2
U V W N
 2 2 2 2
U V W N

3 Magnetic Current Test

mA
1 2
N N
mA
2
415 V AC

1W
W

mA
1 2
V V

mA 1 2
U U
Applied Voltage Measured Current
1U-1V 1U
1V-1W 1V
1W-1U 1W
1U-1N, 1V-1N,1W-1N 1N

4 Magnetic Balance Test

1 2
N N

Measured voltage
2
415 V AC

1W
W

1 2
V V

1 2
U U

Applied Voltage Measured Voltage

1U1N 1V1N 1W1N 1U1N 1V1N 1W1N 2U2N 2V2N 2W2N
415 - - -
- 415 - -
- - 415 -

Applied Voltage Measured Voltage

1U1V 1V1W 1W1U 1U1V 1V1W 1W1U 2U2V 2V2W 2W2U
415 - - -
- 415 - -
- - 415 -
5 Vector Group Confirmation.

Dyn1
1U 1U 2U

2W 2n

2U 2V

2W

2V

1V
1 1
1V
W W
Conditions:
1 -1U and 2u should be shorted.
2 -Apply 415V to 1U,1V&1W
3 -Satisfy the following conditions.
1U1W = 1U2n + 1W2n
1W2w = 1W2V
1V2v < 1V2w

Dyn11

1U 1U
2U

2n

2U 2V

2W

2V

2W

1 1
1V 1V
W W
3 -Satisfy the following conditions.
1U1V = 1U2n + 1V2n
1V2w = 1V2v
1W2w < 1W2v
5 Vector Group Confirmation.

Ynd1 1U 2U
1U
2W

2V

2U

2W

1N
2V

1 1
1V 1V
W W
3 -Satisfy the following conditions.
1U1N = 1U2v + 2v1N
1W2v = 1V2v
1V2v < 1V2w

YNyn0 2U
1U 1U
2n

2W 2V
2U

1N2n 1N
2W 2V

1 1
1V 1V
W W
3 -Satisfy the following conditions.
1W2w = 1V2v
1W2n = 1V2n
1U1N = 1U2n + 1N2n

6 Short Circuit Test and Differential Stability.

7 REF Stability Test
 8 Cooler Circuits
9 Temperature Indicators Calibration
10 Auxilliary Protection Circuits
6 Short Circuit Test and Differential Stability.

Stable Condition.

Apply 3-Ph AC Voltage

N R Y B
Diff Relay
P1 S1

300/1 A
S2 S1

S2 S1

P2 S2

B-Ph
Id
Y-Ph
Id
R-Ph
Id
P1 S1

500/1 A
S1 S2

S1 S2

S2

P2

Temporary Short
Example:
Short Circuit Current Calculation.

Rating : 100MVA
HV LV
Voltage 220 kV 132kV
Current 262.43 A 437.40 A
% of Impedance (%Z) = 8.05%

HV MVA = LV MVA = 100MVA

√3 x 220000 x I1 = √3 x 123000 x I2 = 100,000,000

√3 x 220000 x I1 = 100,000,000
I1 = 100,000,000 / (√3 x 220000)
I1 = 262.43A

√3 x 123000 x I2 = 100,000,000
I2 = 100,000,000 / (√3 x 132000)
I2 = 437.40A

%Zv = 8.05%
= 220kV x % of impedance
= 220000 x (8.05/100)
%Zv = 17,710 V

If We may apply 415 V to HV side

HV I primary = (415 x 262.43) / 17710
HV I primary = 6.15 A
HV sec = 6.15 / 300
HV sec = 0.0205A

LV I primary = (415 x 437.4) / 17710

LV I primary = 10.25 A
LV sec = 10.25 / 500
LV sec = 0.0205 A
Unstable Condition

Apply 3-Ph AC Voltage

S1

S2 S1

S2 S1

S2

Id

Id

Id
S1

S1 S2

S1 S2

S2

Temporary Short
7 REF Stability Test

i) Stable Condition.

Apply 3-Ph AC

Fault
R Y B

P1 S1 S1 S1

HV REF

P2 S2 S2 S2

S2 S1 N

P2 P1
P2 P1
n
S2 S1

P1 S1 S1 S1

LV REF

P2 S2 S2 S2

r y b

SHORT
ii) Unstable Condition (Type 1)

Apply 3-Ph AC

S1 S1 S1

HV REF

S2 S2 S2

S2 S1

S2 S1

S1 S1 S1

LV REF

S2 S2 S2

SHORT
iii) Unstable Condition (Type 2)

S1 S1 S1

HV REF

S2 S2 S2

LOADING
TRANSFORMER
S2 S1

S2 S1
LOADING
TRANSFORMER

S1 S1 S1

LV REF

S2 S2 S2