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Fundamentals
of
Hydrocarbon Project
Management
Lecture 1
Module overview
• Project Management Conceptualisation
• Individual and Team Issues
• Petroleum Project Risk Management
• Project Organisational Design
• Project Time Planning and Control
• Project Cost Planning and Control
Outline
1. Introduction and module overview
2. Basic concepts and Definitions.
3. Projects Versus Operations.
4. Project Management System
– Project Organisational Structure
– Project management framework
– The triple constraint/PM triangle
5. Management Versus Leadership
6. Engineering, procurement, and construction
management (EPCM).
Lecture_1_Fundamentals of Petr. Proj. Management
Hydrocarbon Economics & Project Management (PEEN4001/Econ 6007)
Lecture objectives
• At the end of this lecture, you should be able to:
– Properly define a project scope and identify key constraints
– Recognize basic properties of projects, including their definition.
– Differentiate between project management practices and more
traditional, process-oriented business functions.
– Understand how effective project management contributes to
achieving strategic objectives.
– Recognize the strength and weakness of three basic forms of
organizational structure and their implications for managing
projects.
What Do we Need?
• Innovation and Creativity
Strategic
Planning
Tactical
Planning
Operational
Planning
PMBOK
• What is it?
– Project Management Body of Knowledge.
A Guide published by the Project
Management Institute (PMI), USA.
• Shell Petroleum has also developed its own
Body of Knowledge. It is called:
– Opportunity and Project Management
Guide (OPMG)
What is a Project?
• Consider the following definitions of projects:
– A project is a unique venture with a beginning and end, conducted
by people to meet established goals within parameters of cost,
schedule, and quality (Buchanan & Boddy, 1992)
– Projects are goal-oriented, involve the coordinated undertaking of
interrelated activities, are of finite duration, and are all, to a degree,
unique (Franem J.D., 1995).
– A temporary endeavour with a defined beginning and end (usually
time-constrained, and often constrained by funding or deliverables),
undertaken to meet a unique goals and objectives, typically to bring
about beneficial change or added value. (IPMA, 2006).
Characteristics of a Project
A Project has the following attributes:
Projects are complex, one-time endeavor (processes)
with a specific time frame or finite life span, i.e.
temporary.
Projects are limited by budget, schedule and resources.
Projects are developed to resolve a clear goal or set of
goals.
Projects are customer-focused.
Projects are ad hoc endeavors with a clear life cycle.
Projects are building blocks in the design and execution
of organizational strategies.
Projects are terminated upon successful completion of
performance objectives.
• Time
• Budget “delivered”
Strategic • Scope
Management Project
Management
• Strategy & finance • Human Resources
• Time
• Technology • Communications
• Cost
(requirements, design,
• Quality
make, test) • Integration • Scope
• Commercial (supply • Risk • Procurement
chain, procurement, • Stakeholder/Interface
etc.)
• Organizational Close
Initiate Plan Execute Control
(structure & people) Out
Close-out/
Concept Feasibility Definition Execution
Operations
INTEGRATED PROJECT MANAGEMENT involves planning and delivery of projects throughout project
life cycle, in a fully integrated and consistent manner that cut across all project elements.
Lecture_1_Fundamentals of Petr. Proj. Management
Hydrocarbon Economics & Project Management (PEEN4001/Econ 6007)
An artistic rendition of the Ivar Aasen Field An illustration of the Ivar Aasen Platform.
Development. The platform will be approximately 230m in height.
Polyarnaya Zvezda (Polar Star) semi-submerged The Chinguetti field lies off the coast of Mauritania
drilling rig is currently drilling the first production well and will be developed from an FPSO.
at the Kirinskoye field.
3. Projects Vs Operations
E&P Operations E&P Project
• Repeat process or product • New process or product
• Several objectives • One objective
• Ongoing • One short – limited life
• People are homogenous • More heterogeneous
• Well-established systems in • Systems must be created to
place to integrate efforts integrate efforts.
• Greater certainty of performance, • Greater uncertainty of
cost and schedule performance, cost and schedule.
• Part of line organization • Outside of the organisation
• Supports status quo • Upsets status quo.
Source: Graham, R.J. (1992). A Survival Guide for the Accidental Project
Manager, Proceedings of the Annual Project Management Institute
Symposium, Drexel Hill, PA: PMI, pp. 355-361.
Project/Program/Portfolio
• A project is “a temporary endeavor undertaken to create
a unique product, service, or result” (PMBOK)
• A Program is a group of projects managed in a
coordinated way to obtain benefits not available from
managing them individually, e.g. CCS program, LNG
Program, GTL Program, ANLEC R&D program.
• A Portfolio is a set of projects or programs that are
selected or prioritized in accordance with the
organization's business strategy, e.g. hydrocarbon
portfolio comprising 15 projects (6 oil wells and 5 gas
wells, 4 NGL projects).
What is a deliverable?
A unique and verifiable product, result or capability
to perform a service that is identified in the project
planning documentation, and must be produced and
provided to complete the project.
The process of breaking project deliverables down into
smaller, manageable components so that project tasks and
activities can be planned and estimated is called
Decomposition.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT:
“On time, within budget, to scope” execution/ delivery
Petroleum Project
The Paradigm shift
Management Systems
Future
Present
Past
Functions Working
Level
Project Liaisons
Coordinator
People work within their functional People work within their functional
organization with little cross-functional organizations with the project manager
coordination serving as a cross-functional coordinator
3. Strong Matrix Organization 4. Project-based Organization
Customers
Project
Manager
Concept & S R A P P
Initiation
Design & S A A P P
Development
Implementation S R A P
& Control
Commissioning S A P P
& Handover
P= A= R=Review I=Input S=Sign-off
LEGEND Participant Accountable Required Required Required
Initiating Planning
Processes Processes
Improve/Check Analyze/Do
Control/Review
Controlling Executing
Processes Processes
(arrows represent
flow of information) Celebrate
Closing
Processes
CHECK
PLAN
REVIEW
RECOGNITION
Lecture_1_Fundamentals of Petr. Proj. Management
Prepared by Dr Ebenezer A. Sholarin, PMP®
Hydrocarbon Economics & Project Management (PEEN4001/Econ 6007)
Deliverables
Project charter WBS Recruitment Criteria Variance Reports Final Report
Project network/ Define Work packages Status Reports Audit Reports
Critical Path Assign work packages
Project proposal
Project Phases
Define Plan Organise Control Close
Scouting Study (30%)
Decision #1
Design Preparation ( 30% confirmed)
Decision #2
Basic Design (20%)
Decision #3
Project Spec’s Project Definition
Tender & evaluate incl. 10% estimate
Decision #4 =
Final Investment Decision
Detailed design
Procurement
Construction
Commissioning &
Start-Up
Performance Testing
Acceptance
Scope
Goal (Target)
T (Schedule)
Lecture_1_Fundamentals of Petr. Proj. Management Prepared by Dr Ebenezer A. Sholarin, PMP®
Hydrocarbon Economics & Project Management (PEEN4001/Econ 6007)
25
20
35
5
10
10
5
5
What is
the CC?
Definition:
“Project Scope Management includes the
processes required to ensure that the project
includes all the work required, and only the work
required, to complete the project successfully.”
PMI PMBoK Guide®, 2013, pp. 105
• Gold Plating
– continuing to work on a project or task well past the point where
the extra effort is not worth the value it adds. Gold plating often
comes from the project manager or team members.
5. Management Vs Leadership
• Management:
– Ability to complete work through the efforts of
others.
• Leadership:
– Ability to motivate others to produce the work
willingly.
“Management – getting people to do what needs to be done;
Leadership – getting people to want to do what needs to be done”
Warren Bennis (1994) On Becoming a Leader
• Ability to:
• Develop vision;
• Set clear objectives and targets;
• Put in place appropriate organizational structure, methods and
processes, Roles and Responsibilities;
• Maintain team focus;
• Challenge status quo and accept constructive challenge;
• Obtain team buy-in;
• Get the best out of people by support, mentoring and coaching
• Prepared to let people “get on with it”
• Enthusiasm, drive and determination consistently displayed.
Leadership Business
skill skill
Value
chain
Lead Engineering
Engineer Manager
Lecture_1_Fundamentals of Petr. Proj. Management
Prepared by Dr Ebenezer A. Sholarin, PMP®
Hydrocarbon Economics & Project Management (PEEN4001/Econ 6007)
Project Manager
Vs
Line Manager
Project Manager Lead Engineer/Manager
What is to be done? How will the task be done?
When will the task be Where will the task be
done? done?
– Electronics Industry
• Cisco (major suppliers across the world
• Apple (over 70% of components outsourced)
– Taiwanese companies now design and manufacture most laptop sold around the world.
– PalmOne collaborate with Asian suppliers on the design of their personal digital assistance
(PDA)s
Type of Contract
• Lump sum turnkey (LSTK)
– Contractor is given defined starting and finishing points and undertakes
to perform the whole of the specified work at a fixed price, bears the risk
of any cost overruns and benefits from any savings that can be made
(e.g., EPC contracts).
• Bills of Quantities
– Lump sum contracts with detailed bills of quantities forming precise
definition of the scope of work.
• Schedule of Rates
– This type of contract permits a degree of control over the final cost of
the job, without the need to define the SoW at the tender stage
• Reimbursable Cost Plus Profit Fee (RCPPF)
– This type of contract should be avoided at all cost because there is no
incentive for the contractor to perform apart from his/her desire to
establish or maintain a good reputation (e.g., EPCM contracts).
Planned Closeout
Closeout Activity Yes N/A No Closeout Date Complete Date
1. Obtain sign-off for deliverables
2. Update project plan for transfer to next project manager
3. Provide project staffing plan for reduced resource
requirements if applicable
4. Write project turnover memo to all stakeholders
5. Perform postproject review (lesson learned):
... What worked well?
...What did not work well?
...What can be done to improve the next project?
6. Update project history file
7. Give individual performance feedback to team members
8. Close project accounts and finalize all billing
9. No claims or audits are pending on this project
10. All customer-provided equipment returned
Project Planning
Techniques
Lecture 2