EXAMPLE E8-1 EXAMPLE E8-1 A gas turbine engine with a thermal

efficiency of 30% produces 50 MW of power. If diesel, which has a

heat of combustion of 42.8 MJ/kg and costs $0.45 per kg, is used as the
fuel, determine (a) the heat rate, (b) the fuel consumption rate, (c) the
sfc, and (d) the fuel cost per kW.hr of power produced. [Manual
Solution]
Answers: (a) 166.7 MW, (b) 14.04 kg/h, (c) 0.078 kg/MJ, (d)
$0.13/kW.h

EXAMPLE E8-2 EXAMPLE E8-2 Air enters the compressor of a 50

MW simple gas turbine at 100 kPa, 298 K. The pressure ratio of the
compressor is 11 and the turbine inlet temperature is 1500 K. Using the
cold-air standard Brayton cycle to model the power plant, determine (a)
the mass flow rate, (b) the thermal efficiency, and (c) the back work
ratio. (d) What-if-Scenario: How would the efficiency and mass flow
rate vary if the compression ratio is varied within the range 5-30?
[Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 110.5 kg/s, (b) 49.6%, (c) 39.4%, (d) 36.9%-62.2%, 131.4
kg/s-112.6 kg/s

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EXAMPLE E8-3 EXAMPLE E8-3 A stationary power plant operating

on a simple Brayton cycle has a pressure ratio of 10. The compressor
efficiency is 80% and its inlet conditions are 100 kPa and 300 K with a
flow rate of 10 m3/s. The turbine efficiency is 85% and its inlet
temperature is 1400 K. Using the air standard Brayton cycle to model
the power plant, determine (a) the power output, (b) the thermal
efficiency, and (c) the back work ratio. (d) What-if-Scenario: What
would the thermal efficiency and net power be if the compressor
efficiency dropped to 70%? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 2921 kW, (b) 29%, (c) 58.1%, (d) 24.68%, 2342 kW
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EXAMPLE E8-4 EXAMPLE E8-4 In Example determine how (a) the

power output and (b) the thermal efficiency vary with the turbine inlet
temperature. [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: For T = 1500 K (a) Wdot_net = 3442.3 kW, (b)  = 30%

EXAMPLE E8-5 EXAMPLE E8-5 For the gas turbine described in

Example develop a balance sheet for exergy accounting as the air
passes through various components. Assume the heat addition to take
place from a source at 1800 K. [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: See Text Book

EXAMPLE E8-6 EXAMPLE E8-6 In the gas turbine of Example a

regenerator with an effectiveness of 80% is incorporated as shown in
Fig. 8.16. Determine (a) the exergetic efficiency of the regenerator, (b)
the thermal efficiency of the cycle. (c) What-if-Scenario: How would
the thermal efficiency vary as the regenerator effectiveness is varied
from 0 to 1? [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 95.8%, (b) 38.5%, (c) 29.0%-41.9%

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EXAMPLE E8-7 EXAMPLE E8-7 The following data are supplied for
an ideal air-standard Brayton cycle modified with a reheater and
regenerator. Compressor inlet conditions: 100 kPa, 298 K; compressor
pressure ratio: 12; first turbine inlet temperature: 1200 K; second
turbine inlet conditions: 350 kPa, 1200 K. Assume the regenerator to
have an effectiveness of 100%. Determine (a) the thermal efficiency of
the cycle. (b) What-if-Scenario: How would the thermal efficiency vary
as a function of the intermediate pressure between the turbine stages?
[Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 58.2%
p,kPa  th Wdot_net, kW
1200 0.515 327
800 0.554 383
500 0.577 419
350 0.582 428
200 0.570 408
100 0.515 327

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EXAMPLE E8-8 EXAMPLE E8-8 Air enters steadily the first

compressor of the gas turbine at 100 kPa and 300 K with a mass flow
rate of 50 kg/s. The pressure ratio across the two-stage compressor and
turbine is 15. The intercooler and reheater each operates at an
intermediate pressure given by the square root of the product of the first
compressor and turbine inlet pressures. The inlet temperature of each
turbine is 1500 K and that of the second compressor is 300 K. The
isentropic efficiency of each compressor and turbine is 80% and the
regenerator effectiveness is also 80%. Determine (a) the thermal
efficiency. (b) What-if-Scenario: What would the thermal efficiency of
the cycle be if the turbine and compressor efficiency increased to 90%?
Use the ideal gas model for air. [Manual Solution] [TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 44.2%, (b) 57.7%
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EXAMPLE E8-9 EXAMPLE E8-9 A water jet hits a perpendicular

plate with a mass flow of 50 kg/s and a velocity of 20 m/s as shown in
the accompanying figure. Determine the force R necessary to hold the
plate in place. [Manual Solution]
Answers: 1 kN

EXAMPLE E8-10 EXAMPLE E8-10 A turbojet engine has a cruising

speed of 300 m/s at an altitude of 5000 m where the ambient conditions
are 54 kPa and 256 K. The diffuser inlet area is 0.2 m2, the compressor
pressure ratio is 8, and the turbine inlet temperature is 1200 K. Employ
the cold-air standard assumptions to determine (a) the nozzle exit
velocity, (b) thrust, (c) propulsive efficiency, and (d) the overall
efficiency. (e) What-if-Scenario: How would the thrust and the
propulsive efficiency change with cruising speed? [Manual Solution]
[TEST Solution]
Answers: (a) 887.2 m/s, (b) 25.89 kN, (c) 50.5%, (d) 26.8%

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Copyright 1998-20132012: Subrata Bhattacharjee