Introduction ,

A microcontroller is a self-contained system with peripherals, memory and a processor that can
be used as an embedded system. Most programmable microcontrollers that are used today are
embedded in other consumer products or machinery including phones, peripherals, automobiles
and household appliances for computer systems.

TYPES OF MICROCONTROLLER
We can categorized by several parameters based on which the types of microcontrollers as
1- Flash size .
2- RAM ( size,instruction set ).
3- supply voltage and speed
4- including Bits.
5- number of input/output lines.
6- packaging type,architecture .
.
Type of microcontrollers According to Instruction Set :-
1- CISC: CISC is a Complex Instruction Set Computer. It allows the programmer to use one
instruction in place of many simpler instructions.
2- RISC: The RISC is stands for Reduced Instruction set Computer, this type of instruction
sets reduces the design of microprocessor for industry standards. It allows each instruction
to operate on any register or use any addressing mode and simultaneous access of program
and data.

According to Memory Architecture :-

1- Harvard Memory Architecture Microcontroller: The point when a microcontroller unit
has a dissimilar memory address space for the program and data memory, the
microcontroller has Harvard memory architecture in the processor.

2- Princeton Memory Architecture Microcontroller: The point when a microcontroller has

a common memory address for the program memory and data memory, the microcontroller
has Princeton memory architecture in the processor.

According to number of bits ( data size ) :-

a- 8-bit microcontroller, the point when the internal bus is 8-bit then the ALU is performs the
arithmetic and logic operations max.data size 0×00 – 0xFF (0-255) for every cycle.The
examples of 8-bit microcontrollers are Intel 8031/8051, PIC1x and Motorola MC68HC11
families.
b- The 16-bit microcontroller performs greater precision and performance as compared to 8-
bit micro. In contrast, 16 bit microcontrollers with its 16 bit data width has a range of 0×0000
– 0xFFFF (0-65535) for every cycle and longer timer most extreme worth can likely prove
to be useful in certain applications and circuits. It can automatically operate on two 16 bit
numbers. Some examples of 16-bit microcontroller are 16-bit MCUs are extended 8051XA,
PIC2x, Intel 8096 and Motorola MC68HC12 families.
c- 32-bit microcontroller uses the 32-bit instructions to perform the arithmetic and logic
operations. These are used in automatically controlled devices including implantable
medical devices, engine control systems, office machines, appliances and other types of
embedded systems. Some examples are Intel/Atmel 251 family, PIC3x.
comparison between most significant microcontrollers widely used today :-
comparison between ( 8051 , pic and Arm microcontrollers) based on sizing
spesifications :-

applications of microcontrollers :-
 Peripheral controller of a Pc  Automobiles and security systems

 Robotics and Embedded systems  Communication and power systems

 Bio-medical equipment  Fire detection devices

 Implanted medical equipment  Temperature and light sensing

devices

 Process control devices  Industrial automation devices

 Measuring and Controlling revolving  Advanced monitoring and DAC

objects systems
Common microcontroller boards :
Refrences :-
 https://www.elprocus.com/microcontrollers-types-and-applications/

 http://friendsoflincolnlakes.org/difference-between-8051-and-pic-microcontroller-13/

 https://www.theengineeringprojects.com/2018/03/introduction-to-microcontrollers.html

 https://www.elprocus.com/different-types-of-microcontroller-boards/

 http://www.uio.no/studier/emner/matnat/ifi/INF2270/v10/undervisningsplan.xml

 8051 data are extracted from 8051 microcontroller by Mohamed ali mazidi.