Annotated Bibliography

“How Technology Impacts Young Minds”

Madisyn Bolin
3/2/19

Hosokawa, Rikuya, and Toshiki Katsura. "Association between mobile technology use and child
adjustment in early elementary school age." ​PLoS ONE​, vol. 13, no. 7, 2018, p.
e0199959. ​Opposing Viewpoints in Context​,
http://link.galegroup.com.proxy039.nclive.org/apps/doc/A547708752/OVIC?u=shel4177
4&sid=OVIC&xid=83a8b91c. Accessed 13 Feb. 2019.

This journal is about the impact of instantly accessible technology. With the use of studies and
databases the author proves that technology has its positive and negative impacts on developing
children. Some of the negatives and positives consist of communication and emotional
responses. The author states, “in some cases new media can foster communication and the
generation of electronic relationships, it is also possible that the development and spread of new
media devices may decrease children's social interaction”. Also discussed is the class in which a
child’s family falls into and what is more important for their child, necessities or new
technology. Reports show the difference in these children and their learning and behavior.
Overall the discussion of this journal was to focus on technology, particularly mobile devices,
and the effects on young children’s minds.

Lang, James M. "A Brain and a Book." ​The Chronicle of Higher Education​, 1 June 2007.
Opposing Viewpoints in Context​,
http://link.galegroup.com.proxy039.nclive.org/apps/doc/A164526448/OVIC?u=shel4177
4&sid=OVIC&xid=e32ebf80. Accessed 13 Feb. 2019.

James Lang writes from a teacher’s point of view of technology in the classroom. He begins by
explaining “Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants”. This term is used to describe one generation
compared to another. Lang basically explains by saying the students are the natives in that they
have grown up with technology and will always have a connection to it. The Immigrants are
those who did not grow up with technology and are now having to build on their skills. While the
“immigrants” do have an appreciation for it, they will never connect like the “natives”. He shows
how yes technology can be implemented in great ways but also argues against it for more
important skills such as reading. Lang states “But can a computer program teach careful reading
skills more effectively than a great teacher working with books, pencils, and a blackboard?
Maybe a properly designed program could do it more effectively for some students, but probably
not for all of them”. Lang uses theories of others to argue against or support his opinion
throughout the article.
Mitra, Sugata. "The Future of Schooling: Children and Learning at the Edge of Chaos."
Prospects​, vol. 44, no. 4, 2014, pp. 547-558​. ProQuest,​
https://login.proxy039.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/163517
0099?accountid=10163, doi:​http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11125-014-9327-9​.

This resource focuses on the technologies of the past and the future. By providing examples from
the 18th and 19th century, Mitra, the author, shows how past technologies and skills were
implemented into school systems. The author includes studies done around the world. One of
which includes the impact of a “Hole in the Wall” computer placed in slum walls around India
for children to use in 1999. Also mentioning how technology affects the pedagogy system and
how teaching strategies are evolving. Lastly at the end of the writing Mitra speaks about the
negatives of technology and questions to consider. The author simply states that those on the
internet could be pretending to be one thing and that the student may be learning false
information. Along with the fact that the internet is becoming more and more accessible through
new innovative technologies around the world.

Phillips, Michael. "How virtual reality technology is changing the way students learn." ​Opposing
Viewpoints Online Collection​, Gale, 2019. ​Opposing Viewpoints in Context​,
http://link.galegroup.com.proxy039.nclive.org/apps/doc/WKYVTM671961025/OVIC?u=she
l41774&sid=OVIC&xid=aef298a6. Accessed 13 Feb. 2019. Originally published as "How
virtual reality technology is changing the way students learn," ​The Conversation​, 10 Jan.
2017.

Philips article is about virtual reality in the classroom. He states the many benefits of these
programs. Some include the capability to repeat lessons and independent learning. Philips
mentions that this is a great new tool for teachers to be able to express their style rather than be
restricted to powerpoints. Philip states, “Studies have reported increased student motivation,
improved collaboration and knowledge construction and enhanced classroom practices”.
Through his own research Philips studies the use of virtual reality programs through a program
that focuses on science. He shares his find on the impact of the program on the students and how
it correlates with the pedagogy system.

Pittman, Tiffani, and Trudi Gaines. "Technology Integration in Third, Fourth and Fifth Grade
Classrooms in a Florida School District."​ Educational Technology, Research and
Development​, vol. 63, no. 4, 2015, pp. 539-554​. ProQuest​,
https://login.proxy039.nclive.org/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/169684
3101?accountid=10163, doi:​http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11423-015-9391-8​.

Pittman writes from a teacher’s perspective about third through fifth grade teachers having to
integrate technology into everyday learning and new lessons. In the beginning she states that the
teachers simply cannot keep up with the use of technology children use outside of the classroom.
Through the use of surveys and studies Pittman shows how technology will continue to expand.
He implies that technology is a useful resource in the classroom. She focused on the responses of
the teachers attitudes, since a report showed professional development was not the issue among
teachers. The goal was to see if the teachers could progressively become positive towards
technology through time. The results showed that teachers began to use technology more and
have a positive reaction to the students participation.

Schultz, Frank. "Classroom Behavior Has Worsened." ​Has Child Behavior Worsened?​, edited by
Amy Francis, Greenhaven Press, 2014. At Issue. ​Opposing Viewpoints in Context,​
http://link.galegroup.com.proxy039.nclive.org/apps/doc/EJ3010885202/OVIC?u=shel417
74&sid=OVIC&xid=45ee0929. Accessed 13 Feb. 2019. Originally published as
"Children Behaving Badly: Has it Gotten Worse?" ​Janesville Gazette,​ 29 Apr. 2012.

Frank Schultz’s article focuses on behavioral issues of children in the classroom. Many factors
contribute to these issues, the first being technology. When looking at the interview that Schultz
did one of the teachers comments that parents need to monitor their children. Teachers over the
years have noticed a change in students. Some of the comments made amongst other teachers are
“'I don't know what it is, Roberta, but I've never had a first-grader tell me to "F" off before”. The
author discusses other behavioral issues amongst children. He also goes into detail about
rewarding good behavior and taking the right steps to positively influence children. An example
stated was PBIS program which steers a class in the right direction and leads them to a reward,
whether that be a group or individual rewards.

Terrell, Jessica "Personalized learning reshapes PD: coaching, #EDCamps and other models
allow educators to brush up on targeted skills." ​District Administration​, Apr. 2017, p.
39+. ​Opposing Viewpoints in Context​,
http://link.galegroup.com.proxy039.nclive.org/apps/doc/A490936977/OVIC?u=shel4177
4&sid=OVIC&xid=02b663a3. Accessed 4 Mar. 2019.

This magazine article discusses how teachers are able to have flexible training on technology and
the skills they need to teach with certain programs. The research and information is based in
Mississippi in the district of Hattiesburg. Jessica Terrell states that “teachers can schedule online
modules, register for in-person workshops, request customized training and even schedule
private coaching sessions”. When using a technology coach, at Hattiesburg, they work-one on
one to strengthen teachers skills. Technology coaches can help teachers learn certain programs or
even find ways to implement technology into a math lesson to make it more interesting. Through
these personalized sessions teachers can learn at their own pace how to operate and successfully
utilize technology in their classroom. This article does a great job of showing how simple
training can help teachers to continue moving forward and how easy it is.

Web Seminar Digest "The future of personalized learning in elementary schools: new technology
advances personalized learning in elementary schools." ​District Administration,​ Jan.
2013, p. 14+. ​Opposing Viewpoints in Context​,
 http://link.galegroup.com.proxy039.nclive.org/apps/doc/A314144405/OVIC?u=shel4177
4&sid=OVIC&xid=88247a03. Accessed 1 Mar. 2019.

This source focuses on the positives of technology and how the Speak Up National Research
Project, conducted in 2011, shows that students want technology to be utilized throughout the
day or with certain curriculum. Julie Evans, the CEO of this project, states that the main goal is
to contour learning to meet each child’s personal needs. Through this study surveys also show
that “74 percent of parents stated that they do not believe their children are not using technology
enough and effectively in school”. Also through a ranking both parents and administrators
ranked technology to be extremely important. At the end of this article director of curriculum
design for DreamBox Learning, Tim Hudson, also speaks about his program. Both Evans and
Hudson believe in personalized learning for each student to increase engagement and motivation.
DreamBox Learning, in particular, has a data-driven math program for those from kindergarten
through fifth grade.