Q- Have thd failure modes been identified?

. In ordei to understand the different ways aproduct might fail.

i

Q- Can the technology be manufactured with knowl.processes?

. The teihnology should not be used if reliable manufacturing process has'not been
refined.

Q- What are the Steps in Pugh's method?

Choose the criteria for comparison
. Develob relative importance weighting
. Select alternatives to be compared
I

. Evaluaiealternatives.

Q; When do w'e need to gather information?

'

. Identifyrng market/customer needs

. igu-protrterns.
-

Q- How do we identifying market/customer needs?

'
Ways of gettin! information are as follows:
. Through interviews with customers
. Using focus groups
. Surveys using questionnair'es
. Customer.complaints

' using established techniques such as eFD and Benchmarking.

Q- Evolution of drawing during product design

. Layout.drawing
. Detail drawing
. Assembly drawing

Explain the Detail drawing:

. Development ofthe detail of individual components

. o Focuses on'single comPonents
. - All dirdensions must be tolerance
. Material and Manufacturing details must be in clear and specific language
;

t
' Use of drawing standards ''l

o'- Must be approved by management since it is a final representation of the design

:

effort and will be used to communicate the product'to manufacturing.

Embodiment Design

Concept design Product architecture Configuration design parametric design

i
Spec.
of
Layout

Q- What are the Activities in the embodiment design stage?

. Product Architecfure
. Configuration design
. Parametric Design.
Q- What il th.q Establishing Product Architecture- Modular Design?

A four step process:

. 'Create
a function structure of the produ.ct
. Clusterthe element into module chunks
. Create h rough geometric layout
. Define'interactions and detail performance characteristics

Q- How to start configuration design?

a Start sketching alternative configurations of a part

a Element that comprise the configuration of a part are called features
a Exanipie of features is solid elements (e.g. cubes, spheres) walls of various kinis
(e.g. flat curved) add-ons to walls (e.g. holes, notches) intersections between
walls, add-ons and solid ilements-

Steps in a Corifiluration Design

Review the subassembly's specinraiio.,

to which the component belongs

Establish spatial constraints

Constraints Create and refire interfaces between

components

Mlaintain functional indepehdence in the

design of assembly/components
 Q- What is the.Design for reliability?

. Reliability is a measurement of the capacity of a system to operate without failure

in the service environment
o Expressed as the probability'of performing for a given time without failure.

a- Wliat are the Characteristics of a successful product development?

:
Product Quality
' .. Product Cost

.I
o Development Time

e DeveloirmentCapability

Q- What are the Challenges in Product Development?

Trade-offs. Dynamics. .Time Pressure. Economics- '

Q- Who designs and develops products?

o Marketing
. Design
c Manufacturing

4
 Q- Types of Mechanical Design Problems?

. Seleition Design
' . Configuration Design
o Parametric Design

- :- Original Design
. Redesign.

Q- What are the Design requirements?

. Functionalperformance
. Complementaryperfornance
. Physicalrequirements
. Environmentalrequirements.

Q- What are the Phases of engineering design?

r Concept designphase
. Embodiment design phase
'. Detail 9"sign phase.

Q- Explain the Objective Tree Mei.hotl?

.,
e Prepare a list of design objeltives
. order the list into sets of higher level and Iower lever objectives

' Draw a diagrammatic tree of objectives, s-howing hierarchica-l relationships and

interconnections.
 Q- Eight basic dimensions of quality of a manufactured product?

. Performance
. Features
. Reliability
. DurabiliU
.- :
. Sdrvicbability
. Conformance.

qualif Furction Deployment (QFD)

r { plarrning and problem solving tool that translates custorner requirements }nto
the engineering characteristics of a product.
. U:"s graphical method to systematically look at all the elements that go into the
product definition.
.
_--.--A€roup{e@
. .' Also known as the House of e.gality (HOe),

Q- What is Difference between ftrnctions and constraints?

. Functions are satisfied Uy slUsrt" of the product through tbeir operation whereas ,

Constraints are satisfied by properties of the entire product

i
 Q- Elernents of a Product Design Specification (PDS)?

1. In-Use Pulposes and Market

. Product title
. Pu{pose or function of the product
. Predictable unintended uses

Special features
. Competitorproducts
r Intended market.

2- Functional requirements
. Functional, physical, service requirements
. Life cycle issues (Reliability, robustness, rnaintainability, testability)
. . Human Faitors (Aesthetics, ergonomics).

. . Time to market
Manufacturing requirem ent

' Suppliers
. .
Financial performance-

.4. Social, Political and Legal Requirements

. Safety and environmental regulation
. Standards
. Safety and product liability
. Patents and intellectual property-
Q- What is Design for Enviroriment?

o I product design approach for reducing the impact of products on the

Q- Why the need for D{E?

.

. The society is becoming more demanding on products with less environmental

imnact;

Q- How can products have adverse. impact on the environment during their manufacture?

The usd of highly polluting piocesses

o Consumptions of large. quantity of raw materials
. Consumptions of Iarge amounts of energy
. Long half-life during disposal.

Q- What are the Strategies for DfE? .

. Design for Remanufacture

" Dcsign for Reuse

. Design for Recyclables
. Design for Disposability.