Numerical Notes F.Sc. Part 2 PDF

F.Sc.
Physics (Part-II) Solved Numerical Problems
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F.Sc. Physics (Part-II) Solved Numerical Problems
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
F.Sc. Physics, Chapter # 12: ELECTROSTATICS
12.1 Compare magnitudes of electrical and gravitational forces exerted on an object (mass = 10.0 g, charge = 20.0
µC) by an identical object that is placed 10.0 cm from the first.
Given Data: Masses , Charges ,

Distance
To Determine:
( ) ( )
Calculations:
( )
12.2 Calculate vectorially the net electrostatic force on q as shown in the figure.
Given Data: Charges , ,

To Determine: Total Force on
Calculations: From Fig. ( )
Force Exerted by Charge on :
Force Exerted by Charge on :
Now
And
Magnitude of Resultant Force √ √
Direction of Resultant Force ( ) (Resultant is along x-axis)
Resultant Force ⃗ ̂
12.3 A point charge is placed at the origin. Calculate electric field at a point 2.0 m from the
origin on the z-axis.
Given Data: Charge , Distance , Direction: z-axis ̂ ̂
To Determine: Electric Field

( )
Calculations: ⃗ ̂ ̂ ( ̂)
F.Sc. Physics, (1st Year), Complete Physics Notes

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12.4 Determine the electric field at the position ̂ ̂ caused by a point charge
placed at origin.
Given Data: Position Vector ̂ ̂ , Charge

To Determine: Electric Field ⃗
Calculations: ⃗ ̂
̂ ̂
| | √ ̂
| |
Equation (1) becomes:
̂ ̂
⃗ ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂
12.5 Two point charges, and , are separated by a distance of 3.0 m. Find
and justify the zero-field location.
Given Data: Charges , ,

Let Distance between Charges
To Determine: Zero Field Location
Calculations: Let P is zero field location, then at point P (distant x from ):
Electric Field due to Electric Field due to
Let Distance of P from | | and Distance of P from
| |
Now consider
So the correct answer is
12.6 Find the electric field strength required to hold suspended a particle of mass and charge
between two plates 10.0 cm apart.
Given Data: Mass , Charge ,

Distance between Plates
To Determine: Electric Field Strength
Calculations: For present case:
12.7 A particle having a charge of 20 electrons on it falls through a potential difference of 100 volts. Calculate the
energy acquired by it in electron volts (eV).
Given Data: Charge , Potential Difference

To Determine: Energy Acquired
Calculations: Energy Acquired

12.8 In Millikan’s experiment, oil droplets are introduced into the space between two flat horizontal plates, 5.00
mm apart. The plate voltage is adjusted to exactly 780 V so that the droplet is held stationary. The plate voltage is
switched off and the selected droplet is observed to fall a measured distance of 1.50 mm in 11.2 s. Given that the
density of the oil used is 900 kg m-3, and the viscosity of air at laboratory temperature is ,
-2
calculate: a) The mass, and b) The charge on the droplet (Assuming g=9.8ms )
Given Data: Distance between Plates , Potential Difference

Distance Covered , Time , Density ,
Viscosity
To Determine: Mass of Droplet , Charge on Droplet
Calculations: (a) Mass of Droplet
Terminal Velocity
For a body moving with terminal velocity:
√ √
Equation (1) becomes:
(b) Charge
12.9 A proton placed in a uniform electric field of 5000 NC-1 directed to right is allowed to go a distance of 10.0 cm
from A to B. Calculate
(a) Potential difference between the two points

(b) Work done by the field
(c) The change in P.E. of proton
(d) The change in K.E. of the proton
(e) Its velocity (mass of proton is )
Given Data: Electric Field , Distance covered ,

Charge on proton , Mass of proton
To Determine: (a) Potential Difference , (b) Work Done , (c) Change in P.E.
(d) Change in K.E. , (e) Velocity
Calculations: (a) As
(b) As
(c)
(d) By work-energy principle:
(e) As √ √ √
12.10 Using zero reference point at infinity, determine the amount by which a point charge of alters
the electric potential at a point 1.2 m away, when (a) Charge is positive (b) Charge is negative
Given Data: Charge , Distance

To Determine: (a) Electric Potential when charge is positive ,
(b) Electric Potential when charge is negative ,
Calculations: (a)
( )
(b)

12.11 In Bohr's atomic model of hydrogen atom, the electron is in an orbit around the nuclear proton at a distance
of with a speed of . ( , mass of electron =
). Find
(a) The electric potential that a proton exerts at this distance

(b) Total energy of the atom in eV
(c) The ionization energy for the atom in eV
Given Data: Distance , Speed ,

Charge of Electron , Mass of Electron =
To Determine: (a) Electric Potential due to proton , (b) Total Energy of atom
(c) Ionization Energy of the atom
Calculations: (a)
(b) From theory of atomic spectra, the energy of electron in nth orbit:
( )
For present case , so equation (1) takes the form:
(c) As electron possess 13.6 eV energy in the ground state of a H-atom. So, if we want to ionize such H-
atom, we must supply 13.6 eV.
Hence, the ionization energy of H-atom in ground state is 13.6 eV
12.12 The electronic flash attachment for a camera contains a capacitor for storing the energy used to produce the
flash. In one such unit, the potential difference between the plates of a 750 µF capacitor is 330 V. Determine the
energy that is used to produce the flash.
Given Data: Potential Difference , Capacitance

To Determine: Energy
Calculations: As
12.13 A capacitor has a capacitance of . In the charging process, electrons are removed from one
plate and placed on the other one. When the potential difference between the plates is 450 V, how many electrons
have been transferred?( )
Given Data: Capacitance , Potential Difference ,

Charge
To Determine: Total Number of Electrons Transferred
Calculations: For a capacitor , From Quantization of Charges
Comparing (1) and (2):
F.Sc. Physics, (1st Year), Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

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NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
F.Sc. Physics, Chapter # 13: CURRENT ELECTRICY
13.1 How many electrons pass through an electric bulb in one minute if the 300 mA current is passing through it?
Given Data: Current , Time

To Determine: No. of Electrons
Calculations: As Current
13.2 A charge of 90 C passes through a wire in 1 hour and 15 minutes. What is the current in the wire?
Given Data: Charge , Time

To Determine: Current
Calculations: Current
13.3 Find the equivalent resistance of the circuit (Fig.), total current drawn from the source and the current
through each resistor.
Given Data: emf , Resistances

To Determine: (a) Equivalent Resistance (b) Total Current Drawn from Source ,
(c) Current Through , (d) Current Through , (e) Current Through ,
Calculations: (a) (a) Let is Equivalent resistance of and , then
As and are connected in series, therefore:
(b) Total Current Drawn from Source
(c) Potential Difference across
Current Through
(d) Current Through
(e) Current Through
13.4 A rectangular bar of iron is 2.0 cm by 2.0 cm in cross section and 40 cm long. Calculate its resistance if the
resistivity of iron is 11 x 10-8 Ωm.
Given Data: Cross-Sectional Area ,

Length , Resistivity
To Determine: Resistance
Calculations: As

13.5 The resistance of an iron wire at 0 C is 1x10 Ω. What is the resistance at 500 oC if the temperature coefficient
o 4
of resistance of iron is 5.2 x 10-3 K-1?
Given Data: Resistance at 0 , Temperature

Temperature Coefficient of Resistance ̅
To Determine: Resistance of Iron at 500 oC
Calculations: From definition of Temperature Coefficient of Resistance ̅ ̅
13.6 Calculate terminal potential difference of each of cells in circuit of Fig.
Given Data: emf of 1st battery , Internal Resistance of 1st Battery ,

nd nd
emf of 2 battery , Internal Resistance of 2 Battery , External Resistance
st
To Determine: (a) Terminal Potential Difference of 1 Battery ,
nd
(b) Terminal Potential Difference of 2 Battery
Calculations: As , and are in series: Equivalent Resistance
Effective emf
Current in Circuit
(a)
(b)
13.7 Find the current which flows in all the resistances of the circuit of Fig.
Given Data: emf of 1st battery , emf of 2nd battery

Resistances ,
To Determine: (a) Current Through , (b) Current Through
Calculations: Let and are the current through Loop-1 and Loop-2 respectively
Applying KVR for Loop-1:

Putting value of from equation (1) in equation (2), we get:
Putting value of in equation (1):

(a) Current Through
(b) Current Through

13.8 Find the current and power dissipated in each resistance of the circuit shown in the Fig.
Given Data: emf of 1st battery , emf of 2nd battery

Resistances , , ,
To Determine: (a) Current Through Resistances, (b) Power Dissipation in Resistances
Calculations: Let and are the current through Loop-1 and Loop-2 respectively
Putting value of from equation (1) in equation (2), we get:
Putting this value in equation (1), we get:

(a) Current Through :
Current Through :
Current Through :
Current Through :
Current Through :
Current Through :
(b) Power Dissipation in :
Power Dissipation in :
F.Sc. Physics, (1st Year), Exercise Short Questions

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F.Sc. Physics, (2nd Year), Exercise Short Questions

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NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
F.Sc. Physics, Chapter # 14: ELECTROMAGNETISM
14.1 Find the value of the magnetic field that will cause a maximum force of on a 20.0 cm straight
wire carrying a current of 10.0 A.
Given Data: Maximum Magnetic Force , Length ,

Current
To Determine: Magnetic Field Strength
Calculations: For maximum magnetic force:
14.2 How fast must a proton move in a magnetic field of such that the magnetic force is equal to its
weight?
Given Data: Magnetic Field , Charge of Proton ,

Mass of Proton
To Determine: Speed of Proton
Calculations: For present case:
14.3 A velocity selector has a magnetic field of 0.30 T. If a perpendicular electric field of 10,000 Vm -1 is applied,
what will be the speed of the particle that will pass through the selector?
Given Data: Magnetic field , Electric Field

To Determine: Velocity
Calculations:
14.4 A coil of 0.1 m x 0.1 m and of 200 turns carrying a current of 1.0 mA is placed in a uniform magnetic field of
0.1 T. Calculate the maximum torque that acts on the coil.
Given Data: Area of Coil , Number of Turns

Current , Magnetic Field
To Determine: Maximum Torque
Calculations:
14.5 A power line 10.0 m high carries a current 200 A. Find the magnetic field of the wire at the ground.
Given Data: Distance from Ground , Current

To Determine: Magnetic Field at Ground
Calculations: By Ampere’s Law:
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14.6 You are asked to design a solenoid that will give a magnetic field of 0.10 T, yet the current must not exceed
10.0 A. Find the number of turns per unit length that the solenoid should have.
Given Data: Magnetic Field , Current ,

To Determine: Number of Turns per unit length
Calculations: For Solenoid
14.7 What current should pass through a solenoid that is 0.5 m long with 10000 turns of copper wire so that it will
have a magnetic field of 0.4 T?
Given Data: Length , Number of Turns , Magnetic Field

Calculations: For Solenoid
14.8 A galvanometer having an internal resistance Rg = 15.0 Ω gives full scale deflection with current lg = 20.0 mA.
It is to be converted into an ammeter of range 10.0 A. Find the value of shunt resistance Rs.
Given Data: Internal Resistance of Galvanometer , Current Range

Current for Full Scale Deflection
To Determine: Shunt Resistance
Calculations: For Ammeter
14.9 The resistance of a galvanometer is 50.0 Ω and reads full scale deflection with a current of 2.0 mA. Show by a
diagram how to convert this galvanometer into voltmeter reading 200 V full scale.
Given Data: Internal Resistance of Galvanometer , Voltage Range

Current for Full Scale Deflection
To Determine: Series High Resistance
Calculations: For voltmeter
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14.10 The resistance of a galvanometer coil is 10.0 Ω and reads full scale with a current of 1.0 mA. What should be
the values of resistances R1, R2 and R3 to convert this galvanometer into a multi-range ammeter of 100, 10.0 and
1.0 A.
Given Data: Internal Resistance of Galvanometer ,

Current for Full Scale Deflection , (a) Current Range ,
(b) Current Range , (c) Current Range
To Determine: (a) Shunt Resistance for 100 A Current Range
(b) Shunt Resistance for 10 A Current Range , (c) Shunt Resistance for 1A Current Range
Calculations: (a)
(b)
(c)
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
F.Sc. Physics, Chapter # 15: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
15.1 An emf of 0.45 V is induced between the ends of a metal bar moving through a magnetic field of 0.22 T. What
field strength would be needed to produce an emf of 1.5 V between the ends of the bar, assuming that all other
factors remain the same?
Given Data: Case 1: Induced emf , Magnetic field strength

Case 2: Induced emf ,
To Determine: Magnetic field strength
Calculations: For case 1: , For case 2:
Dividing (1) and (2):
15.2 The flux density B in a region between the pole faces of a horse-shoe magnet is 0.5 Wbm-2 directed vertically
downward. Find the emf induced in a straight wire 5.0 cm long, perpendicular to B when it is moved in a direction
at an angle of 60° with the horizontal with a speed of 100 cms-1.
Given Data: Flux Density , Length ,

Speed , Angle with Horizontal
To Determine: Induced emf
Calculations: Angle with B:
By expression of Motional emf
15.3 A coil of wire has 10 loops. Each loop has an area of 1.5 x 10-3 m2. A magnetic field is perpendicular to the
surface of each loop at all times. If the magnetic field is changed from 0.05T to 0.06 T in 0.1 s, find the average emf
induced in the coil during this time.
Given Data: Number of Loops , Area of Loop , Time

Initial Magnetic Field , Final Magnetic Field , Angle with normal
Calculations: Change in Magnetic Field
By Faraday’s Law
15.4 A circular coil has 15 turns of radius 2 cm each. The plane of the coil lies at 40° to a uniform magnetic field of
0.2 T. If the field is increased by 0.5 T in 0.2 s, find the magnitude of the induced emf.
Given Data: Number of Loops , Radius of Circular Loop , Time

Initial Magnetic Field , Final Magnetic Field , Angle of plane with B:
Calculations: Change in Magnetic Field ,
Angle of normal to plane with B ,
Area of Loop
By Faraday’s Law
15.5 Two coils are placed side by side. An emf of 0.8 V is observed in one coil when the current is changing at the
rate of 200 As-1 in the other coil. What is the mutual inductance of the coils?
Given Data: Induced emf , Rate of Change of current
To Determine: Mutual Inductance
Calculations: From definition of Mutual Inductance

( )
15.6 A pair of adjacent coils has a mutual inductance of 0.75 H. If the current in the primary changes from 0 to 10
A in 0.025 s, what is the average induced emf in the secondary? What is the change in flux in it if the secondary has
500 turns?
Given Data: Mutual Inductance , Change of current in Primary Coil

Time , Number of Turns of Secondary Coil
To Determine: (a) Average Induced emf , (b) Change in Flux in Secondary Coil
Calculations:(a) From definition of Mutual Inductance ( )

( )
(b) By Faraday’s Law:
15.7 A solenoid has 250 turns and its self inductance is 2.4 mH. What is the flux through each turn when the
current is 2 A? What is the induced emf when the current changes at 20 As-1?
Given Data: Number of Turns , Self Inductance , Current ,
Rate of Chang of current
To Determine: (a) Flux (b) Induced emf
Calculations: (a) For the case of a coil:
(b) As Self Inductance ( )

( )
15.8 A solenoid of length 8.0 cm and cross sectional area 0.5 cm2 has 520 turns. Find the self-inductance of the
solenoid when the core is air. If the current in the solenoid increases through1.5A in 0.2 s, find the magnitude of
induced emf in it. (µo= 4π x 10-7 WbA-1m-1)
Given Data: Length of Solenoid , Number of Turns

Cross-Sectional Area , Change in Current , Time
To Determine: (a) Self Inductance , (b) Induced emf
Calculations: (a) For the case of a coil: ( )
(b) As Self Inductance ( ) ( )

( )
15.9 When current through a coil changes from 100 mA to 200 mA in 0.005 s, an induced emf of 40 mV is produced
in the coil. (a) What is the self-inductance of the coil? (b) Find the increase in the energy stored in the coil.
Given Data: Initial Current , Final Current ,

Time , Induced emf ,
To Determine: (a) Self Inductance , (b) Increase in Energy Stored
Calculations: Change in Current
(a) As Self Inductance

( ) ( )
(b) ( ) [ ]
15.10 Like any field, the earth's magnetic field stores energy. Find the magnetic energy stored in a space where
strength of earth's field is 7 x 10-5 T, if the space occupies an area of 10x108 m2 and has a height of 750 m.
Given Data: Magnetic Field Strength , Area , Height

To Determine: Magnetic Energy
( )
Calculations:
15.11 A square coil of side 16 cm has 200 tums and rotates in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.05 T. If the
peak emf is 12 V, what is the angular velocity of the coil?
Given Data: Length of side of square loop , Number of turns ,

Magnetic field strength , Peak emf
To Determine: Angular Velocity
Calculations: For square
As
15.12 A generator has a rectangular coil consisting of 360 turns. The coil rotates at 420 rev per min in 0.14 T
magnetic field. The peak value of emf produced by the generator is 50 V. If the coil is 5.0 cm wide, find the length
of the side of the coil.
Given Data: Number of turns , Angular Velocity ,
Magnetic field strength , Peak emf , Breadth of Coil

To Determine: Length of Coil
Calculations: As
15.13 It is desired to make an a.c. generator that can produce an emf of maximum value 5 kV with 50 Hz
frequency. A coil of area 1 m2 having 200 turns is used as armature. What should be the magnitude of the magnetic
field in which the coil rotates?
Given Data: Peak emf , Frequency , Area , Turn

To Determine: Magnetic Field Strength
Calculations: As
15.14 The back emf in a motor is 120 V when the motor is turning at 1680 rev per min. What is the back emf when
the motor turns 3360 rev per min?
Given Data: Case 1: Back emf , Angular Velocity
Case 2: Angular Velocity
To Determine: Back emf for Case-2:

Calculations: For Case-1: , For Case-2:
Dividing eq (1) and (2):
15.15 A D.C motor operates at 240 V and has a resistance of 0.5 Ω. When the motor is running at normal speed,
the armature current is 15 A. Find the back emf in the armature.
Given Data: Operating Voltage , Resistance , Current

To Determine: Back emf
Calculations: As
15.16 A copper ring has a radius of 4.0 cm and resistance of 1.0 mΩ. A magnetic field is applied over the ring,
perpendicular to its plane. If the magnetic field increases from 0.2 T to 0.4 T in a time interval of 5 x 10-3 s, what is
the current in the ring during this interval?
Given Data: Radius of Ring , Resistance , Loops

Initial Magnetic Field , Final Magnetic Field , Time
To Determine: Current in the Loop
Calculations: Change in Magnetic Field , Area of Loop
By Faraday’s Law, Induced emf
Induced Current
15.17 A coil of 10 turns and 35 cm2 area is in a perpendicular magnetic field of 0.5 T. The coil is pulled out of the
field in 1.0 s. Find the induced emf in the coil as it is pulled out of the field.
Given Data: Number of Turns , Area of Coil

Initial Magnetic Field , Final Magnetic Field , Time
Calculations: Change in Magnetic Field
By Faraday’s Law,
15.18 An ideal step down transformer is connected to main supply of 240 V. It is desired to operate a 12 V, 30 W
lamp. Find the current in the primary and the transformation ratio?
Given Data: Primary Voltage , Secondary Voltage , Output Power
To Determine: (a) Current in Primary Coil , (b) Transformation Ratio
Calculations: (a) As for ideal transformer,
(b) As Transformation Ratio

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NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
F.Sc. Physics, Chapter # 16: ALTERNATING CURRENT
Q # 1. An alternating current is represented by the equation . Compute its frequency and the
maximum and the rms value of current.
Given Data: Equation of current

To Determine: Frequency , Maximum Current , RMS Current
Calculations: General Equation of A.C.
Comparing eq (1) and (2), we have:
i.
ii.
iii.
√ √
Q # 2. A solenoidal A.C. has a maximum value of 15 A. What is its rms values? If the time is recorded from the
instant the current is zero and is becoming positive, what is the instantaneous value of current after 1/300 s, given
the frequency is 50 Hz.
Given Data: Maximum Current , Time , Frequency
To Determine: RMS Current , Instantaneous Alternating Current

Calculations:
i.
√ √
ii. Equation of Instantaneous Alternating Current ( )
Q # 3. Find the values of the current and inductive reactance when A.C. voltage of 220 V at 50 Hz is passed
through an inductor of 10 H.
Given Data: Voltage , Frequency , Inductance
To Determine: Inductive Reactance , Current
Calculations:
i.
ii.
Q # 4. An inductor has an inductance of H and resistance of . A 50 Hz A.C. is supplied to it. Calculate

the reactance and impedance offered by the circuit.
Given Data: Inductance , Resistance , Frequency
To Determine: Inductive Reactance , Impedance

Calculations:
i.
ii. √ √
Q # 5. An inductor of pure inductance H is connected in series with a resistance of . Find (i) the peak
value of current (ii) the rms value, and (iii) the phase difference between the current and the applied voltage
.
Given Data: Inductance , Resistance ,
Equation of Instantaneous Voltage

To Determine: Peak Value of Current , RMS Current , Phase Difference
Calculations: General Equation of Instantaneous Voltage
Comparing equations (1) and (2), we have: ,
Inductive Reactance
Impedance √ √
i.
ii.
√ √
iii. ( ) ( )
Q # 6. A 10 mH, coil is connected across 240 V and Hz source. How much power does it dissipate?
Given Data: Inductance , Resistance , Peak Value of Voltage ,
Frequency
To Determine: Power Dissipation
Calculations: Inductive Reactance
Impedance √ √
Peak Value of Current
Phase Difference ( ) ( )
Power Dissipation
Q # 7. Find the value of the current flowing through a capacitance when connected to a source of 150 V at
50 Hz.
Given Data: Capacitance , Peak Value of Voltage ,
Frequency
Calculations: Capacitive Reactance
Current
Q # 8. An alternating source of emf 12 V and frequency 50 Hz is applied to a capacitor of capacitance in

series with a resistor of resistance of . Calculate the phase angle.
Given Data: , Frequency , Capacitance ,
Resistance
To Determine: Phase Angle
Calculations: Capacitive Reactance
( ) ( )
Q # 9. What is the resonance frequency of a circuit which include a coil of inductance 2.5 H and a capacitance
?
Given Data: Inductance , Capacitance
To Determine: Resonant Frequency
Calculations:
√ √
Q # 10. An inductor of inductance is connected in parallel with a variable capacitor whose capacitance can
be changed from to . Calculate the maximum frequency and minimum frequency for which the
circuit can be tuned.
Given Data: Inductance ,
Initial Capacitance , Final Capacitance
To Determine: Minimum Frequency , Maximum Frequency ,
Calculations:
√ √
√ √
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
F.Sc. Physics, Chapter # 17: PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
17.1 A 1.25 cm diameter cylinder is subjected to a load of 2500 kg. Calculate the stress on the bar in mega pascals.
Given Data: Diameter of Cylinder , Load

To Determine: Stress
Calculations: As
( )
17.2 A 1.0 m long copper wire is subjected to stretching force and its length increases by 20 cm. Calculate the
tensile strain and the percent elongation which the wire undergoes.
Given Data: Length , Elongation ,

To Determine: (a) , (b)
Calculations: (a)
(b)
17.3 A wire 2.5 m long and cross-section area is stretched 1.5 mm by a force of 100 N in the elastic region.
Calculate (i) the strain (ii) Young's modulus (iii) the energy stored in the wire.
Given Data: Length , Cross-Section Area , Force

Elongation
To Determine: (i) (ii) (iii)
Calculations: (i)
( ) ( )
(ii)
( )
(iii)
17.4 What stress would cause a wire to increase in length by 0.01% if the Young's modulus of the wire is 12 x 10 10
Pa. What force would produce this stress if the diameter of the wire is 0.56 mm?
Given Data: , Young Modulus ,

Diameter
To Determine: Force
Calculations:
( )
( ) [ ( )]
( )
( )[ ( )] [ ][ ]
17.5 The length of a steel wire is 1.0 m and its cross-sectional area is . Calculate the work done in
stretching the wire when a force of 100 N is applied within the elastic region. Young's modulus of steel is
.
Given Data: Length of wire , Cross-Sectional Area , Force
To Determine: , Here
( )
Calculations:
( )
Now
17.6 A cylindrical copper wire and a cylindrical steel wire each of length 1.5 m and diameter 2.0 mm are joined at
one end to form a composite wire 3.0 m long. The wire is loaded until its length becomes 3.003 m. Calculate the
strain in copper and steel wires and the force applied to the wire. (Young's modulus of copper is
and for steel is ).
Given Data: Case 1 (Copper wire): Length , Diameter

Case 2 (Steel wire): Length , Diameter
Length of Composite Wire , Final Length Elongation
Young Modulus for Copper , Young Modulus for Steel
To Determine: (a) Strain in Copper Wire , (b) Strain in Steel Wire , (c) Force
Calculations: As ,
For Copper wire , For Steel wire
As both wire experience equal stress: ( ) ( )
Let , then
Equation (3) Becomes:
Therefore, by equation (4) and (5): &
(a) Strain in Copper Wire &
(b) Strain in Steel Wire
(c) As
( )

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NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
F.Sc. Physics, Chapter # 18: ELECTRONICS
18.1 The current flowing into the base of a transistor is 100 µA. Find its collector current , its emitter current
and the ratio , if the value of current gain β is 100.
Given Data: Base Current , Current Gain
To Determine: (a) Collector Current , (b) Emitter Current , (c)
Calculations: (a) Collector Current

(b) Emitter Current
(c)
18.2 Fig. shows a transistor which operates a relay as the switch S is closed. The relay is energized by a current of
10 mA. Calculate the value which will just make the relay operate. The current gain β of the transistor is 200.
When the transistor conducts, its can be assumed to be 0.6 V.
Given Data: Collector Current , Current Gain , ,

To Determine: Base Resistance
Calculations: As
Applying KVR on input circuit:
18.3 In circuit (Fig.), there is negligible potential drop between B and E, if β is 100. Calculate
i. base current
ii. collector current
iii. potential drop across
iv.
Given Data: , , , ,
To Determine: (a) base current , (b) collector current ,
(c) potential drop across , (d)
Calculations: (a) Applying KVR on Input Circuit:
(b) Collector Current

(c) Potential Drop Across
(d) Applying KVR on Output Circuit:
18.4 Calculate the output of the op-amp circuit shown in Fig.
Given Data: Let , ,

To Determine: Output Voltage
Calculations: Let , ,
By Kirchhoff’s Current Rule:
18.5 Calculate the gain of non-inverting amplifier shown in Fig.
Given Data: Let ,

To Determine: Gain
Calculations: For Non-Inverting Op-Amp:

notes.html

choice.html
F.Sc. Physics, (1st Year), Exercise Short Questions

physics.html
NUMERICAL PROBLEM
F.Sc. Physics, Chapter # 19: DAWN OF MODERN PHYSICS
19.1 A particle called the pion lives on the average only about when at rest in the laboratory. It then
changes to another form. How long would such a particle live when shooting through the space at 0.95 c?
Given Data: Proper Time , Relative Speed

To Determine: Relativistic Time
Calculations:
√ √ √ √
19.2 What is the mass of a 70 kg man in a space rocket traveling at 0.8 c from us as measured from Earth?
Given Data: Proper Mass , Relative Speed

To Determine: Relativistic Time
Calculations:
√ √ √ √
19.3 Find the energy of photon in
a) Radiowave of wavelength 100 m

b) Green light of wavelength 550 nm
c) X-ray with wavelength 0.2 nm
Given Data: (a) Wavelength of Radiowave ,

(b) Wavelength of Green Light , (c) Wavelength of X-ray
To Determine: (a) Energy of Radiowave , (b) Energy of Green Light , (c) Energy of X-ray
Calculations: (a) Energy of Radiowave
(b) Energy of Green Light
(c) Energy of X-ray
19.4 Yellow light of 577 nm wavelength is incident on a cesium surface. The stopping voltage is found to be 0.25 V.
Find
a) the Maximum K. E. of the photoelectrons

b) the work function of cesium
Given Data: Wavelength of Yellow Light , Stopping Potential

To Determine: (a) Maximum K. E. , (b) Work Function
Calculations: (a) Maximum K. E.
(b) By Quantum Theory of Photoelectric Effect
19.5 X-rays of wavelength 22 pm are scattered from a carbon target. The scattered radiation being viewed at 85° to
the incident beam. What is Compton shift?
Given Data: Wavelength , Scattering Angle

To Determine: Compton Shift
Calculations:
19.6 A 90 keV X-ray photon is fired at a carbon target and Compton scattering occurs. Find the wavelength of the
incident photon and the wavelength of the scattered photon for scattering angle of (a) 30° (b) 60°
Given Data: Energy of Photon
To Determine: (a) Wavelength of Incident Photon ,
(b) Wavelength of Scattered Photon at : , (c) Wavelength of Scattered Photon at :
(b)
(c)
19.7 What is the maximum wavelength of the two photons produced when a positron annihilates an electron? The
rest mass energy of each is 0.51 MeV.
Given Data: Energy
To Determine: Wavelength
Calculations: As
19.8 Calculate the wavelength of

a) a 140 g ball moving at
b) a proton moving at the same speed
c) an electron moving at the same speed
Given Data: Speed (a) Mass of Ball ,
(b) Mass of Proton , (c) Mass of Electron
To Determine: (a) Wavelength associated with Ball ,
(b) Wavelength associated with Proton , (c) Wavelength associated with Electron
Calculations: (a)
(b)
(c)
19.9 What is the de Broglie wavelength of an electron whose kinetic energy is 120 eV?
Given Data: , Mass
To Determine: De Broglie Wavelength
Calculations: As De Broglie Wavelength
As √
Putting values in (1):
19.10 An electron is placed in a box about the size of an atom that is about . What is the velocity of
the electron?
Given Data: Size of Box , Mass

To Determine: Velocity
Calculations: By Uncertainty Principle:
NUMERICAL PROBLEM
F.Sc. Physics, Chapter # 20: ATOMIC SPECTRA
20.1 A hydrogen atoms is in its ground state (n = 1). Using Bohr's theory, calculate (a) the radius of the orbit (b)
the linear momentum of the electron (c) the angular momentum of the electron (d) the kinetic energy (e) the
potential energy and (f) the total energy.
Given Data: , Mass of electron
To Determine: (a) Radius , (b) Linear Momentum (c) Angular Momentum
(d) Kinetic Energy (e) Potential Energy (f) Total Energy
Calculations: (a) As . For 1st orbit, . Therefore,
( )
Radius of 1st orbit:
(b) Linear Momentum ( ). For 1st orbit, . Therefore,
( )
Linear Momentum ( ) ( )
(c) Angular Momentum
(d) Kinetic Energy ( ) . For 1st Orbit, . Therefore,
( )
( ) ( )
( )
(e) Potential Energy
(f) Total Energy
20.2 What are the energies in eV of quanta of wavelength? λ = 400, 500 and 700 nm.
Given Data: Wavelengths of Quanta: (a)

(b) (c)
To Determine: Energies of Quanta: (a) (b) (c)
Calculations: (a)
(b)
(c)
20.3 An electron jumps from a level to . What is the wavelength of

the emitted light?
Given Data: Energy in ground state ,Energy in Excited State

Calculations:
20.4 Find the wavelength of the spectral line corresponding to the transition in hydrogen from n = 6 state to n = 3
state?
Given Data:
Calculations: ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
20.5 Compute the shortest wavelength radiation in the Balmer series? What value of n must be used?
Given Data: For Balmer series , For Shortest Wavelength

To Determine: Shortest Wavelength
( )
20.6 Calculate the longest wavelength of radiation for the Paschen series.
Given Data: For Paschen Series , For Shortest Wavelength

To Determine: Longest Wavelength
( ) ( )
20.7 Electrons in an X-ray tube are accelerated through a potential difference of 3000 V. If these electrons were
slowed down in a target, what will be the minimum wavelength of X—rays produced?
Given Data: Potential Difference

To Determine: Minimum Wavelength
Calculations:
20.8 The wavelength of K X-ray from copper is . What is the energy difference between the two
levels from which this transition results?
Given Data: Wavelength

To Determine: Energy Difference
Calculations:
20.9 A tungsten target is struck by electrons that have been accelerated from rest through 40 kV potential
difference. Find the shortest wavelength of the bremsstrahlung radiation emitted.
Given Data: Potential Difference

To Determine: Minimum Wavelength
Calculations:
20.10 The orbital electron of a hydrogen atom moves with a speed of
(a) Find the value of the quantum number n associated with this electron.
(b) Calculate the radius of this orbit.
(c) Find the energy of the electron in this orbit.
Given Data: Speed of Electron
To Determine: (a) Quantum Number , (b) Orbital Radii , (c) Energy of Electron ,
( )
( )
(b) As Orbital Radii
( ) ( )
(c) Energy of Electron ( ) ( )
( )

physics.html

choice.html
F.Sc. Physics, (2nd Year), Exercise Short Questions

physics_10.html
NUMERICAL PROBLEM
F.Sc. Physics, Chapter # 21: NUCLEAR PHYSICS
21 .1 Find the mass defect and the binding energy for tritium, if the atomic mass of tritium is 3.016049 u.
Given Data: Mass of Tritium , Mass of Proton ,

Mass of Neutron , For Tritium
To Determine: (a) Mass Defect , (b) Binding Energy
Calculations: (a) [ ] [ ]
(b)
21.2 The half-life of is 9.70 hours. Find its decay constant.
Given Data: Half Life

To Determine: Decay Constant
Calculations: As
21.3 The element is unstable and decays by β-emission with a half-life 6.66 s. State the nuclear reaction and
the daughter nuclei.
Given Data: Parent Nucleus: , Half Life

To Determine: Nuclear Reaction, Daughter Nucleus for :
Calculations: As for : .
For Present Case: , where
21 .4 Find the energy associated with the following reaction: (Mass of )
What does negative sign indicate?
Given Data: Mass of , Mass of , Mass of ,

Mass of
To Determine: Associated Energy
Calculations: Mass Defect
Now Associated Energy

The negative sign indicate that energy is needed to start nuclear reaction.
21 .5 Determine the energy associated with the following reaction:
Given Data: Mass of , Mass of , Mass of

21 .6 lf decays twice by α-emission, what is the resulting isotope?
Given Data: Parent Nucli: :

To Determine: As for :
Calculations: 1st Decay: , Here
2nd Decay: , Here
So resulting isotope is radium
21 .7 Calculate the energy (in MeV) released in the following fusion reaction;
Given Data: Mass of , Mass of , Mass of ,

Mass of
21 .8 A sheet of lead 5.0 mm thick reduces the intensity of a beam of γ-rays by a factor 0.4. Find half value
thickness of lead sheet which will reduce the intensity to half of its initial value.
Given Data: Case 1 Thickness , Intensity

Case 2 Intensity
To Determine: Thickness of Lead Sheet for case 2:
Calculations: As
For Case 1:
For Case 2:
21 .9 Radiation from a point source obeys the inverse square law. If the count rate at a distance of 1.0 m from
Geiger counter is 360 counts per minute, what will be its count rate at 3.0 m from the source?
Given Data: Case 1 Count Rate , Distance
Case 1, Distance
To Determine: Count Rate for case 2:
Calculations: Given
For Case 1: , For Case 2:
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
21.10 A 75 kg person receives a whole body radiation dose of 24 m-rad, delivered by α-particles for which RBE
factor is 12. Calculate (a) the absorbed energy in joules, and (b) the equivalent dose in rem.
Given Data: Mass of Person , RBE factor

Radiation Dose
To Determine: (a) Absorbed Energy in joules , (b) Equivalent Dose in rem
(b)
B.Sc. Mechanics (Physics)

(In accordance with syllabus of UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB AND UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA)

https://houseofphy.blogspot.com/2017/12/bsc-physics-mechanics-complete-book.html
B.Sc. Waves and Oscillations


https://houseofphy.blogspot.com/2017/12/bsc-physics-waves-and-oscillations.html
B.Sc. Thermodynamics

https://houseofphy.blogspot.com/2017/12/bsc-physics-thermodynamics-
complete.html
B.Sc. Electricity and Magnetism


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B.Sc. Electronics

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notes.html
B.Sc. Modern Physics


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F.Sc.

Physics (Part-II) Solved Numerical Problems

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Given Data: Masses , Charges ,

Given Data: Charges , ,

Calculations: From Fig. ( )

Force Exerted by Charge on :

Force Exerted by Charge on :

Magnitude of Resultant Force √ √

Direction of Resultant Force ( ) (Resultant is along x-axis)

Given Data: Charge , Distance , Direction: z-axis ̂ ̂

To Determine: Electric Field

F.Sc. Physics, (1st Year), Complete Physics Notes

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Given Data: Position Vector ̂ ̂ , Charge

Given Data: Charges , ,

So the correct answer is

Given Data: Mass , Charge ,

Given Data: Charge , Potential Difference

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Given Data: Distance between Plates , Potential Difference

Calculations: (a) Mass of Droplet

For a body moving with terminal velocity:

Equation (1) becomes:

(a) Potential difference between the two points

Given Data: Electric Field , Distance covered ,

Given Data: Charge , Distance

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(a) The electric potential that a proton exerts at this distance

Given Data: Distance , Speed ,

Given Data: Potential Difference , Capacitance

Given Data: Capacitance , Potential Difference ,

Comparing (1) and (2):

F.Sc. Physics, (1st Year), Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

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Given Data: Current , Time

Given Data: Charge , Time

Given Data: emf , Resistances

Calculations: (a) (a) Let is Equivalent resistance of and , then

As and are connected in series, therefore:

(b) Total Current Drawn from Source

(c) Potential Difference across

(d) Current Through

(e) Current Through

Given Data: Cross-Sectional Area ,

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of resistance of iron is 5.2 x 10-3 K-1?

Given Data: Resistance at 0 , Temperature

Calculations: From definition of Temperature Coefficient of Resistance ̅ ̅

13.6 Calculate terminal potential difference of each of cells in circuit of Fig.

Given Data: emf of 1st battery , Internal Resistance of 1st Battery ,

Given Data: emf of 1st battery , emf of 2nd battery

Applying KVR for Loop-2:

Putting value of in equation (1):

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Given Data: emf of 1st battery , emf of 2nd battery

Applying KVR for Loop-2:

Putting value of from equation (1) in equation (2), we get:

Putting this value in equation (1), we get:

F.Sc. Physics, (1st Year), Exercise Short Questions

F.Sc. Physics, (2nd Year), Exercise Short Questions

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Given Data: Maximum Magnetic Force , Length ,