Offshore201903 DL PDF

March 2019
World Trends and Technology for Offshore Oil and Gas
SEISMIC
VESSEL
SURVEY
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CONTENTS •
International Edition
Volume 79, Number 3
Celebrating 60 Years of Trends, Tools, and Technology
24
• SEISMIC VESSEL MARKET UPDATE that traditionally have slowed down the process. The first deploy-
Challenges remain for seismic survey vessel market��20 ment will be in 2020 on the deepwater Liuhua subsea tieback in the
While much of the offshore industry is slowly rebounding, the South China Sea.
seismic vessel survey market continues to be challenging for those
contractors that still remain active. And that list has become much • GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS
smaller in the past few years. Companies have exited the market, Gabon offers wide-ranging blocks, improved terms in
filed bankruptcy, and sold their fleets. latest license round��29
Gabon is offering 35 blocks over wide-ranging water depths under
• ASIA/PACIFIC the country’s 12th Offshore Licensing Round. Four geophysical con-
Oscilay process speeds production, cuts cost of long- tractors have put together 3D and 2D seismic data-sets for would-be
length umbilicals��24 applicants, which have employed modern processing and imaging
Aker Solutions has developed a method for manufacturing large methods that reveal potentially large oil and gas accumulations in
power umbilicals that voids the frequent interruptions for splicing hitherto untested plays.
Offshore® (ISSN 0030-0608). Offshore is published 12 times a year, monthly, by PennWell® Corporation, 1421 S. Sheridan, Tulsa, OK 74112. Periodicals postage paid at Tulsa, OK 74112 and
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AM
CONTENTS
Volume 79, Number 3

Technology gains taking subsea
COVER: While much of the offshore industry is slowly rebounding processing deeper, farther out ......44
from the downturn, the seismic vessel survey market continues to Since the release of the first Worldwide Sur-
have its challenges. Yet work is picking up in some regions. Shearwater vey of Subsea Processing Technology poster
GeoServices recently secured two North Sea seismic campaigns for its in Offshore in 2008, INTECSEA has mon-
multi-purpose vessels WG Tasman (cover) and WG Cook. The surveys,
which will be performed for Aker BP and Equinor, call for four new
itored the status of the technologies and
ocean bottom seismic surveys in the Norwegian North Sea starting this systems used on the seafloor to enhance
summer. (Courtesy Shearwater GeoServices) reservoir recovery rates. The technologies
continue to mature with each successful
field development application.
ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION, & INSTALLATION Vessel-based decommissioning
Decommissioning market advancing offshore the UK .................................... 32
system offers economic
Changing UK continental shelf dynamics offer an invaluable window of opportunity. With
alternative ........................................47
decommissioning scheduled to occur over a longer timeline, the country can build on exist-
Well decommissioning is traditionally
ing specialist skills and expertise. While decommissioning is occurring in other oil and gas
performed from drilling rigs due to the
provinces around the world, a significant number of UKCS projects are substantial in scale
complexity of operations and the available
and technically complex.
technologies and methods, which often
Employing best practices underpins FPSO include risers, divers, and explosives. But
project success ................................................................................................... 35 increasingly, operators are looking to a
Although the successful design and implementation of an FPSO on a project is a result of vessel-based approach to not only keep
a multitude of decisions and tradeoffs for the operator, experience has proven that using decommissioning project costs down, but
lessons from past projects helps successful completion of current and future projects. also to reduce non-productive time and
safety risks to workers.
PRODUCTION OPERATIONS
Eider bypass project extends lives EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING
of North Sea fields ............................................................................................... 38 Production optimization platform
Oil production from TAQA’s Eider platform in the UK northern North Sea had become offers enhanced
uneconomic after nearly 30 years in service. However, by converting the facility to a new predictive failure analytics.............49
utility role, supplying power to other fields in the area, the company has ensured continued
operations at these fields until well into the next decade. Crane adapted for deeper water
wind farms.......................................50
SUBSEA
Industry advances ROV and AUV technologies ................................................ 41 Motion compensation technology
As the offshore oil and gas industry recovers, demand for remotely operated vehicles (ROV) improves decommissioning
autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) increases. ROV and AUV manufacturers are re- operations .......................................52
sponding with new systems that maximize uptime.
HWCG selects m-pipe for emergency
well containment riser ...................... 53
DEPARTMENTS
Online ...................................... 6
Comment .................................. 7
Data ........................................ 8
Global E&P ................................ 9
Offshore Europe ......................... 12
Gulf of Mexico........................... 13
Subsea Systems ......................... 14
Vessels, Rigs, & Surface Systems ... 16
Drilling & Production................... 18
Offshore Wind Energy .................. 19
41
Business Briefs ......................... 54
Beyond the Horizon ..................... 56
Advertisers’ Index ......................C3
4 WWW.OFFSHORE-MAG.COM | OFFSHORE MARCH 2019
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LATEST NEWS AVAILABLE AT OFFSHORE-MAG.COM VP AND GROUP PUBLISHING DIRECTOR

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The latest news is posted daily for the offshore oil and gas industry covering tech-
CHIEF EDITOR/
nology, companies, personnel moves, and products. CONFERENCES EDITORIAL DIRECTOR
David Paganie davidp@pennwell.com
NEW ON-DEMAND WEBCAST
MANAGING EDITOR
Top Offshore Projects: Leading strategies in capital efficiency Bruce A. Beaubouef bruceb@pennwell.com
After a prolonged market downturn, offshore field development projects are once EDITOR-EUROPE
again moving toward first oil. Higher oil prices, cost reductions, technological Jeremy Beckman jeremyb@pennwell.com
breakthroughs and strategic engineering have enabled operators to sanction their ASSISTANT EDITOR
Jessica Stump jessicat@pennwell.com
deepwater developments. In this year’s “Top Offshore Projects” webcast, sponsored
POSTER EDITOR
by Bentley Systems, Calpipe Industries, LLC, and Wood, the Offshore editors select E. Kurt Albaugh, P.E. Kurt.albaugh@yahoo.com
the projects that have successfully been re-engineered and restructured to succeed EDITORIAL CREATIVE DIRECTOR
in today’s marketplace, and will the describe the new technologies and engineering Jason Blair
methods that have enabled these projects to move forward. PRODUCTION MANAGER
https://www.offshore-mag.com/webcasts/offshore/2019/01/top-offshore-projects-leading- Shirley Gamboa shirleyg@pennwell.com
strategies-in-capital-efficiency.html MARKETING MANAGER
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• 2019 Worldwide Seismic Vessel Survey Emily Martin emilym@pennwell.com
• 2019 Worldwide Survey of Subsea Processing Technology Poster
OFFSHORE EVENTS
• 2019 Status of US Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Discoveries David Paganie (Houston) davidp@pennwell.com
• 2019 Gulf of Mexico Map Gail Killough (Houston) gailk@pennwell.com
• 2018 Environmental Drilling and Completion Fluids Survey
• 2018 Worldwide Survey of Floating Production, Storage and Offloading Units
• 2018 MWD/LWD Services Directory
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COMMENT •
Subsea sector benefiting from

efficiencies, technology development
DAVID PAGANIE, CHIEF EDITOR
THE CONSENSUS VIEW of many industry is available inside this issue, and at offshore-mag.com/
analysts is that the subsea sector is leading the maps-posters. The accompanying article begins on page 44.
offshore growth cycle, with tree orderbooks Another critical component of a subsea production system
swelling to levels not seen in years as operators is the power umbilical which distributes power from the host
take advantage of low costs. But this enthusiasm platform to seabed production and pumping systems. CNOOC
is tempered by a supply chain that is still strug- has sanctioned the first commercial run of a new power um-
gling to make ends meet. Nevertheless, the data bilical manufacturing method for a subsea tieback project in
is encouraging. Operators ordered 286 subsea trees in 2018 – the the South China Sea, writes Jeremy Beckman, Offshore edi-
highest total since 2013, according to Westwood. The firm tor-Europe. Aker Solutions’ Oscilay machine will produce the
expects awards for up to 400 subsea trees this year, with a focus static sections of the Liuhua 16-2 power umbilicals, part of a
on projects in Brazil and emerging deepwater markets in Guyana, package of more than 71.5 mi (115 km) of dynamic and static
Mozambique, and Senegal. power umbilicals the company is supplying that will connect
The improvement in the subsea market can be attributed to wells at the deepwater Liuhua 16-2, 20-2, and 21-2 gas-conden-
project simplification and standardization, but it is also an sate fields to a new FPSO.
ongoing commitment to technology development. Inside this The new process has been designed to address the challenges
issue, Offshore reviews a selection of new and developing tech- presented by extreme tension loads on umbilicals during in-
nologies that are enabling this subsea revival. stallation. An Aker Solutions team in Malaysia is leading the
Offshore’s annual subsea poster insert, developed by INTEC- engineering for the Liuhua project, with a team in Mobile, Al-
SEA and Kurt Albaugh, Offshore volunteer poster editor, looks abama, responsible for all production. Final delivery is scheduled
at the evolution and application of subsea processing and for 2020.
boosting systems. It also outlines the various partnerships and Jeremy’s full story begins on page 24.
alliances that have emerged to bring the technology to market. Meanwhile, the uptick in subsea development should improve
One relatively new technology that is being used in the field demand for ROVs and AUVs. Jessica Stump, Offshore assistant
following a lengthy qualification process is subsea compression. editor, reviews the latest technology developments in this space.
The poster details the two major operational compression One example is Flatfish, a resident subsea autonomous vehicle
projects, Åsgard and Gullfaks South Brent. The early success of designed to perform subsea asset inspections. Shell awarded
these two projects has led other operators to evaluate the Saipem a license to develop the technology which should be
technology for their fields. qualified for commercial application by 2020.
Pseudo dry gas systems, an alternative to compression, are Jessica’s report begins on page 41.
emerging for long-distance tiebacks of 62 mi (100 km) long or While the subsea sector is improving, the subsurface seismic
greater. This technology, adapted from surface applications, acquisition market continues to be challenging for those con-
helps overcome the pressure losses due to gravitational effects tractors that remain active, writes Bruce Beaubouef, Offshore
in long tiebacks and deep waters. managing editor. A number of seismic vessel operators over the
Subsea water treatment is another technology that is ma- past few years have exited the market or were forced to file for
turing through the technical readiness level process. It is also bankruptcy. Offshore has refreshed its seismic vessel survey,
detailed and described on the poster. This emerging technology last published in 2015, to get a feel for the state of the market.
can reduce space and equipment on the host topsides, eliminate Bruce’s seismic vessel report and survey begins on page 20.
water injection flowlines and risers, and simplify the subsea
hardware for the water injection system.
The poster also chronicles the water-depth and tieback-length
progressions of subsea boosting systems. As of Feb. 2019, the
Shell-operated Stones facility holds the record for the deepest
water depth (9,600 ft/2,927 m), and the Murphy-operated Dal-
mation field holds the record for the longest tieback (22 mi/35
km). Both projects are in the US Gulf of Mexico. To respond to articles in Offshore, or to offer articles for publication,
The “2019 Worldwide Survey of Subsea Processing” poster contact the editor by email (davidp@pennwell.com).
1903OFF06-19.indd 7 2/28/19 4:22 PM

DATA
Worldwide offshore rig WORLDWIDE OFFSHORE RIG COUNT AND UTILIZATION RATE
FEBRUARY 2017 – JANUARY 2019
count and utilization rate
The offshore rig market experienced mod- 1,000 100
est improvements across every category
during January. The total number of jack- 900 90
Fleet utilization rate, %

ups, semis, and drillships under contract
grew by two units to 432 rigs. However, 800 80
Number of rigs
it has been at roughly this same level for
several months now. Meanwhile, five more 700 70
rigs have been removed from the global
600 60
fleet, taking the total supply down to 759.
As a result, rig utilization had a bump up to
500 50
57.0% from 56.3% in December. The num-
ber of rigs working experienced a similar 400 40
increase, climbing from 398 units in De-
cember to 402 in January. 300 30
– Justin Smith, Petrodata by IHS Markit Feb. Apr. Jun. Aug. Oct. Dec. Feb. Apr. Jun. Aug. Oct. Dec.
2017 2018 ‘19
Total utilization Total supply Total under contract Working
Merakes sparks hope for Note: Rig types included are jackups, semis, and drillships
long-delayed Indonesian Source: IHS Markit RigPoint
projects
The recent final investment decision (FID) INDONESIA FID VOLUMES 2010-2021
for the Eni-operated Merakes gas discovery 2,500
in Indonesia has set the ball rolling for get- Liquids Merakes Ande-Ande Lumut, ID
ting projects sanctioned from the country’s Gas Donggi-Senoro LNG, ID Abadi LNG, ID
Others Indonesia Deep-water Development (IDD), ID Kasuri Block, ID
long list of delayed projects.
Indonesia has Southeast Asia’s largest 2,000
FID count in forecast with 24 fields expect-
ed to be sanctioned within two years. The
cumulative development costs for these 1,500
Mmboe
projects would be around $6.4 billion.

Considering the decline in existing ma-
ture fields in Indonesia and the growing do-
1,000
mestic energy demand, developing these
major projects is becoming a higher priority
item as time passes.
It will be interesting to see if some of the 500
long-delayed projects can come off the
back burner with lower project costs and
improved planning. The recent push from 0
the government and ministry regarding the 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Merakes and other projects, the new prof- Source: IHS Markit RigPoint
it-sharing scheme, and an improving price
scenario imply more pending projects are
likely to be sanctioned going forward. OFFSHORE RIG CONTRACT COUNT
– Prateek Pandey, Senior Analyst, 70
Rystad Energy
60
Offshore rig contracting 50

Number of contracts
momentum continues
to build 40
In January, 55 rig contracts were con-
firmed, according to Evercore ISI’s latest 30
“Offshore Rig Market Snapshot.” This is
up 19 from a year ago for the fifth high-
20
est monthly total since 2014. With four of
the top five monthly fixture counts taking
place in the past 12 months, the analyst 10
said, offshore rig contracting momentum is
clearly building. If the YTD pace of activity 0 “Ka
extends through 2019, contracting activity Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
is on track to increase another 27% in 2019 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
(+30% jackups, +20% floaters). Source: IHS-Petrodata, Evercore ISI Research P.O.B
1903OFF06-19.indd 8 2/28/19 4:22 PM KarMarR

JEREMY BECKMAN
LONDON GLOBAL E&P •
NORTH AMERICA and install a new gas compression platform at the Cassia com-
BHP has committed $256 million for further drilling later this plex in the Columbus basin, 35 mi (57 km) southeast of Trinidad.
year and studies on the deepwater Trion oilfield offshore Mexico. McDermott will fabricate the 8,928-ton (8,100-metric ton) top-
Results from the recent 2DEL appraisal well reduced uncer- sides and the bridge that will link the structure to the existing
tainties but another well will be needed to firm up volumes Cassia B platform at its yard in Altamira, Mexico. Trinidad
ahead of a potential development. Offshore Fabrication Co. will provide the 3,747-ton (3,400-metric
◆◆◆ ton) jacket, to be installed in 223 ft (68 m) of water. The new
Excelerate Energy and Equinor Energy have completed what Cassia C facility’s three turbine-driven compressors will receive
is claimed to be the first ship-to-ship transfer of LNG offshore 1.2 bcf/d through new piping across the bridge connection,
the Bahamas. This involved the floating storage and regasifica- returning the compressed gas to Cassia B for export.
tion unit Exemplar and the LNG carrier Arctic Voyager while ◆◆◆
both were moored at Equinor’s South Riding Point storage and ExxonMobil and its partners have continued their run of suc-
transshipment terminal. cesses in Guyana’s offshore Stabroek block. Wells on the Tilapia
and Haimara prospects delivered respectively oil and gas-con-
CARIBBEAN SEA/SOUTH AMERICA densate, with Tilapia-1 representing the fourth commercial oil
Brazil, Guyana, and Mexico will continue to lead the way this find in the Turbot area. ExxonMobil now sees potential for at
year in terms of high-impact exploration drilling, according to least five FPSOs on the block by 2025, producing more than
Wood Mackenzie. The stand-out program will likely be on the 750,000 b/d combined.
Petrobras-operated Peroba prospect in the presalt Santos basin ◆◆◆
off Brazil, where volumes could exceed 5 Bboe. The consultant Petrobras has started operations at the FPSO P-67 in the Lula
also highlighted Tullow Oil’s upcoming well on the 200-MMboe Norte area, the ninth production platform on the BM-S-11 block
Jethro structure well on the Orinduik block off Guyana. in the presalt Santos basin. The location is 161 mi (260 km)
◆◆◆ from the Rio de Janeiro state coast in 6,988 ft (2,130 m) water
BP has commissioned McDermott International to construct depth. Up to 150,000 b/d of oil from nine production wells will
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1903OFF06-19.indd 9 1
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PM
JEREMY BECKMAN
• GLOBAL E&P LONDON
be offloaded to shuttle tankers, with associated gas sent through Sonangol will contribute two new ultra-deepwater 7th gener-
the existing presalt subsea pipeline network. By year-end, Petro- ation vessels, Libongos and Quenguela, both under construction
bras expects output from all the facilities on the Lula field to at DSME in South Korea. Seadrill will manage and operate all
have reached 1 MMb/d. four drillships, initially over a five-year term.
In the same basin, but closer to the coast, the company has ◆◆◆
contacted TechnipFMC to supply the rigid pipeline/riser net- Total has proven po-
work for the presalt Mero-1 field development in 6,890 ft (2,100 tentially large vol-
m) water depth, also installing the flexible risers and flowlines, umes of gas-con-
steel tube umbilicals and other subsea equipment. MODEC, densate in the
which is constructing the field’s FPSO Guanabara MV31, has Brulpadda prospect
subcontracted Estaleiros do Brasil to fabricate and assemble off the southern
the topsides process modules at the EBR shipyard in São José coast of South Afri-
do Norte. The vessel is designed to process up to 180,000 b/d ca. The well, drilled
of oil and 12 MMcm/d of gas. by the semisub
Deepsea Stavanger
WEST AFRICA on block 11B/12B in
GeoPartners is collaborating the Outeniqua ba-
with Sierra Leone’s Petro- sin, encountered
leum Directorate on a new hydrocarbons in two
5,592-mi (9,000-km) 2D seis- separate intervals. It The Deepsea Stavanger drilled the
mic survey to be acquired was the French ma- Brulpadda-1 well in the Outeniqua basin off
over the country’s entire off- jor’s second attempt South Africa. (Courtesy Total)
shore area. The resultant to drill, having had
data will be made available to abandon its first shot in 2014 due to poor weather.
to bidders for the country’s The company and its partners plan to follow up with a 3D
4th Offshore Petroleum Li- seismic survey and four more exploratory wells on the license.
censing Round which is due Coverage to be provided by Brulpadda, thought to hold up to 1 Bboe, may have a ready
this year’s 2D seismic survey
to launch later this year. offshore Sierra Leone. (Courtesy market at PetroSA’s Mossel Bay onshore gas-liquids plant, 112
◆◆◆ GeoPartners) mi (180 km) to the northwest.
Results from the latest well
on the Pecan field offshore Ghana and supplementary analysis MEDITERRANEAN SEA
point to discovered resources of 450-550 MMboe across the BP has started gas production from the Fayoum and Giza fields
Deepwater Tano Cape Three Points block. Pending the outcome in the West Nile Del-
of two further planned appraisal wells, operator Aker Energy ta (WND conces-
sees scope to increase the range to 600-1,000 MMboe, with other sion). Development
targets on the block potentially included in an area-wide de- involved drilling
velopment. Water depth at the Pecan-4A well location was 8,750 eight wells and in-
ft (2,667 m). stalling associated
The FPSO Kwame Nkrumah has successfully been rotated subsea infrastruc-
to a new heading of 205° at the Jubilee field offshore Ghana. ture and pipelines,
Operator Tullow Oil commissioned a remediation program with combined out-
after detecting issues with the turret bearing system. Next year, put from the two
a new catenary anchor leg mooring buoy is due to be put in fields eventually set
place for offtake of the vessel’s produced oil. to reach 700
◆◆◆ MMcf/d. Four fields
Nigeria’s government has renewed the license for the offshore are now onstream in
OML 113 concession by a further 20 years. Operator MX Oil is WND, with the fifth Location of the Fayoum and Giza fields in
looking to step up production from the Aje field by drilling new – Raven – to follow the West Nile Delta concession. (Courtesy
DEA Deutsche Erdoel)
wells in the Cenonamian and Turonian intervals, eventually later this year. Total
lifting output to 20,000 b/d of oil and 100 MMcf/d of gas. peak output will be 1.4 bcf/d, all contracted to Egypt’s domestic
◆◆◆ market.
Seadrill and an affiliate of Angolan state oil company Sonangol ◆◆◆
have formed a new venture named Sonadrill. This will operate Tunisia’s Directorate General of Hydrocarbons has agreed to
four drillships with a focus on opportunities offshore Ghana. renew Panoro Energy’s Sfax Offshore exploration permit. The
1903OFF06-19.indd 10 2/28/19 4:22 PM

JEREMY BECKMAN
LONDON GLOBAL E&P •
Norwegian company and partner ETAP separate long-term agreements to supply LNG converted from the deepwater Golf-
are working on a program of drilling and inho/Atum gas fields to India’s Bharat Gas Resources, Shell International Trading
testing of the offshore Salloum West-1 Middle East, and Tokyo Gas/Centrica. The total volume contracted could reach up
well, investigating a fault compartment to 5.6 MM metric tons/yr (6.17 MM tons). The partners plan to initially construct two
updip of British Gas’ 1992 Salloum oil LNG trains onshore Mozambique with an annual capacity of 12.88 MM metric tons
discovery. If successful, Salloum could (14.2 MM tons). A final investment decision on the project should follow by
be developed fasttrack through nearby mid-year.
infrastructure.
◆◆◆
Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. has
reportedly awarded exploration rights to
three promising concessions in the Med-
iterranean Sea to various consortia under
Egypt’s 2018 Bid Round. ExxonMobil, BP,
IEOC (Eni), Total, Shell, and Petronas
secured block 3 – North East El Amreyia
and have agreed to drill two wells. BG
(Shell) and Petronas were awarded block
4 – North Sidi Gaber and have pledged
to acquire 579 sq mi (1,500 sq km) of 3D
seismic and to drill one well. The same
duo picked up block 6 – North El Fanar,
where the program includes an 869-sq
mi (2,250-sq km) seismic survey.
EASTERN EUROPE
Black Sea Oil & Gas and its partners have
decided to proceed with the $400-million
Midia gas project in the Romanian sector
of the Black Sea. They plan five produc-
tion wells – four surface wells at the Ana
field and one subsea well at the Doina
field – with production from Doina head-
ing through an 11-mi (18-km) subsea
pipeline to a new unmanned production
platform at Ana. From there, a new 78-mi
(126-km) pipeline will transport the gas
to a new 1 bcm/yr onshore treatment
plant in Corbu, Constanta county, for
onward delivery through the Romanian
grid. GSP Offshore will construct, install
and commission all the facilities.
The same contractor has been working
for Turkish gas distributor BOTAS drilling
subsea storage wells and supervising con-
struction of two fixed offshore platforms
under Phase III of the Marmara natural
gas storage extension project. These fa-
cilities should increase storage capacity
from the present 2.84 bcm to 4.3 bcm.
EAST AFRICA
Anadarko Petroleum and its partners in
Area 1 offshore Mozambique have signed
1903OFF06-19.indd 11 Nylacast_OS_1903 1 2/28/19 10:04

1/25/19 4:22 PM
AM
JEREMY BECKMAN
• OFFSHORE EUROPE LONDON
DOCK DEVELOPMENT TARGETS RIG STAYS tieback, Myers said. Other tie-in options may include Total’s
PSW Group and Wergeland Holding have started construction Elgin-Franklin complex, which is closer, and BP’s ETAP hub to
of a new drydock in western Norway to accommodate offshore the northwest. But CNOOC may prefer a standalone develop-
drilling rigs and vessels. The facility in Gulen Industrial Harbor, ment. Rystad Energy said the results of this well will likely turn
due to be completed in 2020, will be used for wide-ranging the area into an exploration hotspot over the next few years,
programs related to inspection, repair, and maintenance. Po- building on the UK’s strong exploration drilling record since
tentially the length could be extended by 50% to 300 m (984 ft): 2016.
combined with a width of more than 100 m (328 ft) and a depth
of 25 m (82 ft) this would be the largest facility of its kind in MORE TIEBACKS TO GJØA
Europe, PSW claimed, with access to rigs and vessels from three Neptune Energy is looking to extend the life of the Gjøa field
sides leading to shorter yard stays. semisubmersible platform in the North Sea via two further
satellite developments, in addition to the ongoing Nova field
tieback. It has submitted plans to develop the P1 segment on
the northern part of the Gjøa field and the 2016 Duva (ex-Cara)
discovery to the northeast, where it proposes one gas and two
oil production wells connected to a four-slot subsea template
in 360 m (1,181 ft) water depth. In both cases, production through
the platform could begin in late 2020/early 2021, with peak
combined output of 54,000 boe/d.
Lundin Norway is the latest taker for TechnipFMC’s integrated
engineering, procurement, construction, and installation (iEPCI)
model. The company has appointed the contractor to manage
the Luno II and Rolvsnes subsea development in the Utsira
The new drydock under construction at Gulen Industrial Harbor. High region of the North Sea, supplying and installing subsea
(Courtesy PSW Group) production systems, rigid flowlines, umbilicals, and flexible
jumpers in 110 m (361 ft) of water. All will be tied back to the
CNOOC FINDS BIG GAS AT THIRD ATTEMPT Edvard Grieg field platform.
CNOOC’s recent Glengorm gas-condensate discovery could
tempt others to test the surrounding play fairway in the UK TULIP GAS FIELD GOES LIVE
central North Sea, according to various analysts. This was the Tulip Oil Netherlands has started production from Q10, its first
company’s third attempt to drill the prospect on the P2215 li- operated gas field development in the Dutch North Sea, a year
cense after technical issues halted both previous operations. after taking a final investment decision. Heerema Fabrication
Borr Drilling’s harsh environment jackup Prospector 5 spud the Group supplied the unmanned platform, with Borr Drilling’s
latest well toward the end of last year in 80 m (262 ft) of water
on the way to a final depth of 5,056 m (16,588 ft), encountering
37 m (121 ft) of pay in an Upper Jurassic reservoir. Results were
at the top end of expectations said CNOOC’s partner Total,
suggesting close to 250 MMboe recoverable.
Glengorm appears to be the UK’s largest offshore gas find
since Maersk’s Culzean in 2008 said Wood Mackenzie and
succeeded despite very high downhole temperatures and pres-
sures. Another consultant, Westwood, added that this could be
one of the sector’s top four discoveries of the past two decades,
the others being Buzzard in the same region and the still un-
developed Rosebank oil field west of Shetland. Westwood’s Dr
Keith Myers pointed out that the geological setting – Upper
Jurassic turbidites – has in the past proven to be variable in this
area in terms of thickness and quality. Like other nearby HP/ The newly onstream Q10 field platform. (Courtesy Tulip Oil)
HT structures, Glengorm is likely to be compartmentalized, he
suggested. jackup Prospector-1 responsible for the five development wells.
The partners plan follow-up appraisal work and have iden- Production heads to the TAQA-operated P15 platform via a
tified other Jurassic prospects elsewhere on the block. As the new 42-km (26-mi) pipeline laid by Allseas. Tulip discovered
Culzean field center, due onstream later this year, comes off Q10 ( formerly known as A07A) in 2015 in shallow water, 20 km
plateau in 2023, capacity could become available for a subsea (12.4 mi) from the central Dutch west coast.
1903OFF06-19.indd 12 2/28/19 4:22 PM

BRUCE BEAUBOUEF
HOUSTON GULF OF MEXICO •
BOEM DETAILS NEXT REGION-WIDE GULF OF MEXICO

LEASE SALE
The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management will offer 78 million
acres in a region-wide lease sale this month.
Lease Sale 252 will include all available unleased areas in federal
waters of the Gulf of Mexico. The sale will include about 14,696
unleased blocks, located from 3 to 231 mi (5 to 372 km) offshore,
in the Gulf ’s Western, Central and Eastern planning areas in water
depths ranging from 9 to more than 11,115 ft (3 to 3,400 m).
The sale, scheduled to be livestreamed from New Orleans, will
be the fourth offshore sale under the 2017-2022 national outer
continental shelf oil and gas leasing program.
The Gulf of Mexico OCS, covering about 160 million acres, is
estimated to contain about 48 Bbbl of undiscovered technically Ensco says that Apache has awarded the semisubmersible
ENSCO 8503 a four-well contract for work in the Gulf of Mexico,
recoverable oil and 141 tcf of undiscovered technically recoverable from June to August 2019. (Courtesy Ensco plc)
gas, according to BOEM.
SENTINEL MIDSTREAM PROPOSES DEEPWATER CRUDE LLOG COMMISSIONS MCDERMOTT FOR STONEFLY
OIL EXPORT FACILITY SUBSEA TIEBACK
Sentinel Midstream has outlined its planned development of Texas LLOG Exploration Co., L.L.C. has awarded McDermott International
GulfLink, a deepwater crude oil export terminal near Freeport, Inc. an EPCI contract for the Stonefly subsea tieback to the Ram
Texas. Powell TLP in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico.
The completed facility will be capable of fully loading very large Located about 140 mi (225 km) southeast of New Orleans in
crude carriers, the company said. Viosca Knoll block 999, the Stonefly development calls for a two-
Texas GulfLink will include an onshore terminal with up to 18 well subsea tieback to the Ram Powell platform via 60,000 ft 6-in.
MMbbl of storage, a 42-in. offshore pipeline, and a manned offshore pipeline at water depths ranging from 3,300 to 4,100 ft (1,006 to
platform to facilitate port operations with two catenary anchor 1,250 m).
leg mooring single point mooring buoys. The company said pro- The scope of work includes project management, installation
jected export loading rates will be up to 85,000 b/hr, with a nominal engineering, subsea structure and spoolbase stalk fabrication, and
capacity of 1.2 MMb/d over the course of a calendar year. installation of the subsea infrastructure. McDermott will also design,
Sentinel Midstream President and CEO Jeff Ballard said: “Texas fabricate, and install a steel catenary riser, a pipeline end manifold,
GulfLink will provide the United States with an economical solution and two in-line sleds.
to clear the over-supply barrels destined for the Gulf Coast. We Structure design and installation engineering began in January
have compiled a team of industry leading professionals who possess in McDermott’s Houston office. The North Ocean 105 vessel is
unique experience in construction and operations of deepwater expected to install the subsea infrastructure in 3Q 2019.
ports and are well positioned to leverage that experience as prudent
operators. GULFSLOPE UPDATES DRILLING AT TAU PROSPECT
“Our team of seasoned professionals is committed to developing The Tau prospect well has drilled through about 7,000 ft (2,134 m)
Texas GulfLink with a specific focus on exceeding industry stan- of salt where high pressures and hydrocarbons near the base of
dards for safety and environmental protection.” salt were encountered and significant mud losses occurred, ac-
Over the past year, the company developed Texas GulfLink in cording to operator GulfSlope Energy Inc.
conjunction with multiple stakeholders, including federal, state, The company is currently tripping for a different drilling assembly
and local agencies. The project has secured necessary commercial to clean out the existing wellbore and possibly run casing prior to
support to justify the capital investment and is preparing its sub- drilling below salt.
mission of a formal permit with the United States Maritime Ad- The Tau prospect well targets multiple Miocene sand levels
ministration (MARAD). trapped against a well-defined, angled flank of the large salt struc-
Project financing is being provided by Cresta Fund ture. The correlative target subsalt Miocene sand levels are oil
Management. productive at the nearby subsalt Mahogany field.
Cresta Managing Partner Chris Rozzell said: “We view the Tau is the first of eight drill-ready exploratory prospects that
company’s value proposition, which provides a neutral infrastruc- the company intends to drill along the Louisiana outer continental
ture solution without the inherent conflicts of affiliated marketing, shelf, targeting the subsalt Miocene play.
as the best approach to support the interests of US producers and GulfSlope is the operator with a 20% working interest. Delek
lead to the greatest outcome for all stakeholders.” GOM Investments LLC owns a 75% working interest and Texas
South Energy Inc. owns a 5% working interest.
1903OFF06-19.indd 13 2/28/19 4:22 PM

JESSICA STUMP
• SUBSEA SYSTEMS HOUSTON
JIP TO DEVELOP BEST PRACTICE ROV/AUV SYSTEM PROVES DOCKING CAPABILITY

FOR TOP TENSION RISERS Saab Seaeye has successfully
2H Offshore has launched a joint industry project (JIP) with docked its iCON-based Saber-
Anadarko, BP, and Shell to develop top tension riser (TTR) re- tooth AUV/ROV at a deepwa-
assessment and life extension guidance. The main aims of ter docking station to receive
TRACS (tensioned data transfer, assignment
riser assessment for instructions, and battery
continued service) charging. The company
are to develop a road claims this is a breakthrough
map for assessing is- for the offshore market, which
sues related to fitness has been monitoring devel-
for service of TTRs opments in remote residency
and to provide rec- technologies because of the
ommendations for potential operational and fi-
mitigation of poten- nancial benefits.
tial issues. The TRACS JIP aims to develop a road
During trials the 3,000-m
The Sabertooth ROV/AUV in tank
The JIP will then map for assessing issues related to fitness (9,842-ft) water depth rated trials. (Courtesy Saab Seaeye)
apply data from case for service of top tension risers and to Sabertooth, fitted with a Blue
studies supplied by provide recommendations for mitigation of Logic 2kW charger/inductive
the participants to potential issues. (Courtesy 2H Offshore) device, was able to dock in a safe and controlled manner, both
validate the methodology and provide documented examples in the horizontal and vertical plane.
for future guidance. Jan Siesjö, chief engineer at Saab Seaeye, Sweden, said the
Currently, according to 2H Offshore, there is no single guide- vehicle was the only one available capable of hovering both in
line in the US addressing in detail TTR reassessments and life ROV and AUV mode, and of undertaking long- term residency
extension programs. operations in difficult to access locations.
The JIP will adopt both Bureau of Safety and Environmental The Sabertooth can be based at a remote location docking
Enforcement and API frameworks to pursue industry consensus station ready to be launched on pre-programmed or human-con-
on the analysis and inspection data and documents needed for trolled missions, which include inspection, repair and mainte-
assessing the potential for extended service life. nance, research tasks, and environmental monitoring. At the
Along the way it will address issues such as fatigue, corrosion docking station, tooling packages are stored, batteries recharged,
and change of service, and will put together recommendations and data transferred via satellite or cable to shore.
for mitigation measures for each issue, taking into account
environmental and operational histories. SUBSEA LIFTING SYSTEM COMPLETES
In addition, the JIP will examine the latest analysis, inspection PRE-TRIAL TESTS
and monitoring tools to help deliver an accurate assessment Ecosse IP Ltd.’s latest
of equipment condition. subsea lifting prod-
Sandeep Jesudasen, subsea riser engineering leader at BP, uct, the Ambient
said: “As deepwater facilities age, the industry needs to look at Lifter, has completed
continued service assessment and life extension to facilitate pre-trial tests in
sustained safe production.” Buckie Harbor,
northeast Scotland.
TECHNIPFMC NETS PETROBRAS CONTRACT This was a follow-up
Petrobras has awarded TechnipFMC an EPCI contract for the to trials completed
Mero 1 presalt field development in 2,100 m (6,890 ft) of water last September when The Ambient Lifter at Buckie Harbor
in the Santos basin offshore Brazil. This covers engineering, it lifted a 5-metric during its recent pre-trial tests. (Courtesy
Ecosse IP Ltd.)
procurement, construction of all rigid lines, and installation ton load from the
and pre-commissioning of the infield riser and flowline system seabed. Building on the results, EIP’s engineering team scaled
for interconnecting 13 wells (six producers and seven water up the system by doubling its lifting capacity to 10 metric tons
alternate gas injectors) to the FPSO. It also includes installation and adding an ROV garage and docking interface. The company
of rigid pipelines (including corrosion-resistant alloy and steel plans full harbor trials this month.
lazy wave risers), flexible risers and flowlines, steel tube umbil- Dorothy Burke, EIP’s managing director, said: “We are de-
icals, and other subsea equipment. lighted The Oil & Gas Technology Centre is supporting our next
trials and also look forward to working with Oceaneering and
Aleron on the next phases through to commercialization.”
1903OFF06-19.indd 14 2/28/19 4:22 PM Ocean_

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1903OFF06-19.indd1 15
Ocean_OS_1903 2/28/19 11:21
2/14/19 4:22 PM
AM
JESSICA STUMP
• VESSELS, RIGS, & SURFACE SYSTEMS HOUSTON
TELFORD OFFSHORE ACQUIRES SEVEN VESSELS The average age of the company’s current 44-vessel fleet has
Telford Offshore has acquired a DP-3 pipelay and accommoda- been reduced to less than 10 years. The fleet consists of 30 AHTS
tion vessel and six offshore support vessels following a legal vessels, 12 subsea support vessels, and two platform supply
settlement between Sea Trucks Group (STGL in liquidation) vessels.
and West African Ven-
tures. The transaction NOBLE BUYS SECOND NEWBUILD JACKUP FROM
brings the company’s PAXOCEAN
DP-3 fleet to five. Noble Corp. plc has exercised an option for the purchase of a
The DP-3 vessel, Jas- second newbuild Gusto MSC CJ46 design jackup rig from the
con 30, is set to be dry- PaxOcean Group for $83.75 million.
docked and upgraded in Like the Noble Johnny Whitstine, which it purchased last
preparation for use September in connection with a Saudi Aramco contract, the
worldwide under its new newbuild CJ46 design jackup, to be named the Noble Joe Knight,
name, Telford 30. The The Jascon 30, a DP-3 pipelay and was built at the PaxOcean Graha shipyard in Batam,
vessel is expected to be accommodation vessel, will be Indonesia.
renamed Telford 30. (Courtesy Telford
ready for deployment Offshore) The rig is built for operations in moderate drilling environ-
later this year. ments and can operate in water depths of up to 375 ft (114 m),
The six offshore support vessels, which are all anchor han- with well depths of 30,000 ft (9,144 m). The rig features a modern
dlers, will be deployed in Nigeria with the company’s partner drilling control system, along with a versatile cantilever skidding
Afrimarine Charters. They will be prepared to start work on system and two BOPs.
projects during 1Q 2019 as Telford moves to increase its presence The Noble Joe Knight will be relocated to a shipyard in Sin-
and commitments in Nigeria and West Africa. gapore for commissioning and final outfitting ahead of the
expected start of operations during 3Q 2019 under a three-year
MAERSK SUPPLY SERVICE COMPLETES FLEET primary term contract, plus a one-year option, with Saudi
RENEWAL PROGRAM Aramco.
Kleven has delivered the Maersk Maker, the sixth and final Julie J. Robertson, chairman, president and CEO of Noble
vessel of Maersk Supply Service’s Starfish AHTS newbuild Corp. plc, said: “The CJ46 design is an ideal drilling unit for
series. many applications in the Middle East…”
The Maersk Maker is a DP-2 deepwater anchor handling tug
supply vessel (AHTS) of LIZA FPSO EXPECTED TO SAIL-AWAY THIS SUMMER
SALT design. Powered by SBM Offshore has issued an update on its FPSO construction
five medium speed en- programs.
gines with total output In the Fast4Ward program, the company’s first standard,
of more than 23,000 multi-purpose hull is progressing well and according to schedule
horsepower, a fuel effi- at the Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding and Offshore (SWS)
cient and flexible hybrid shipyard in China. Last November, the company contracted the
propulsion system and SWS shipyard to build the second hull for which progress is in
fixed pitch on all side line with expectations. Due to anticipated demand, SBM has
thrusters, the vessel is progressed negotiations to start work on its third standard,
said to provide good fuel The Maersk Maker is a DP-2 multi-purpose hull. These negotiations are expected to be closed
economy, low emissions, deepwater anchor handling tug supply in 1Q 2019.
and good station keeping vessel. (Courtesy Maersk Supply Construction of the FPSO Liza Destiny at Keppel Shipyard
Service)
capabilities (ERN 4 x 99). in Singapore is progressing well, the company said. The last
Also designed for high safe deck operations, the vessel is modules were lifted on board and commissioning activities are
equipped with a multi deck handler system, anchor recovery under way. Sail-away is planned for this summer so that the
frame, gypsy handling system and other aids. vessel can be installed offshore Guyana later in the year.
The vessel’s arrival completes the company’s fleet renewal In Guyana, work is under way with respect to operations
program, with 10 newbuild vessels delivered and 23 vessels readiness, setting up the shore base and delivering on its local
divested over the last three years. Since March 2017, six M-class content commitments.
AHTS vessels of the Starfish series and four I-class subsea The company added that with engineering now nearly com-
support vessels of the Stingray series have joined the Maersk pleted, the fabrication of the turret mooring system for the
Supply Service fleet. Both vessel series, the company says, have Johan Castberg FPSO is well advanced in Dubai. It remains on
been designed to optimize reliability, energy efficiency, comfort, track to meet Equinor’s schedule with delivery in early 2020.
and safety.
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BRUCE BEAUBOUEF
• DRILLING & PRODUCTION HOUSTON
STENA FORTH TO DRILL JETHRO-LOBE OFFSHORE the deepwater Egyptian sector of the Mediterranean with the
GUYANA Merak well.
The partners in the Orinduik block offshore Guyana have con- Off Morocco, Chariot Oil & Gas’ Moh-B well will test a pros-
tracted the drillship Stena Forth for their first exploration well. pect that could hold 637 MMboe.
After completing its current program offshore West Africa, The Central Tano-1 well offshore Ghana will target up to 2.3
the rig is set to spud the well on the 250-MMbbl Jethro-Lobe Bbbl of oil, while offshore Namibia, Total’s well on the Venus
prospect in June, close to and up-dip from numerous discoveries prospect will be the deepest anywhere to date offshore Africa,
in the deepwater Stabroek block and in the same proven re- Rystad claimed.
source intervals. Venus, also considered to be the largest prospect drilled so
According to one of the block partners Eco (Atlantic) Oil and far off Namibia, is in a giant basin floor fan of the Orange
Gas, the agreement with contractor Stena also defines a window basin.
for a second well after Jethro-Lobe has been drilled. West of Shetland, Hurricane Energy is set to drill a deepwater
well on a prospect with a pre-drill estimate of 935 MMboe – the
company is said to have indicated a 77% chance of success.
The Dunquin South well offshore western Ireland will pursue
hydrocarbons in lower Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in water
depths of 1,500 m (4,921 ft). Here the pre-drill estimate is for up
to 1.4 Bbbl of oil.
In the Gulf of Mexico, Total plans a well on the ultra-deep-
water Etzil prospect, which has a 2.7 Bboe pre-drill resource
estimate. Offshore French Guiana, the company is set to commit
$114 million to drill the Nasua-1 ultra-deepwater well (1 Bboe
pre-drill).
Finally, Shell will drill the Gato do Mato presalt prospect off
Brazil, which the company bid for in the second presalt licensing
round in 2017.
The partners in the Orinduik block offshore Guyana have contracted
“In 2018 we saw that the decline in offshore exploration
the drillship Stena Forth for their first exploration well. (Courtesy
Stena Drilling) activity came to an end,” Patel said.
“The total number of offshore exploration wells last year was
Colin Kinley, Eco Atlantic’s COO, said: “While the Jethro-Lobe 325, compared to around 335 in 2017. For 2019 we expect that
is a Tertiary target, which we believe is similar to the Exxon around 400 offshore exploration wells will be drilled.”
Hammerhead discovery that appears to extend onto Orinduik,
we will also drill down to test the Cretaceous section below TRANSOCEAN TO UPGRADE FIVE MORE SEMIS WITH
Jethro.” DRILLING AUTOMATION
Transocean Ltd. has entered into an agreement with Equinor
ANALYST SEES UPTICK IN EXPLORATION DRILLING, to license and install automated drilling control (ADC) systems
POSSIBLE LARGER FINDS on four high-specification, harsh-environment rigs currently
Various offshore exploration wells planned this year could lead on contract in Norway and a fifth semisubmersible that is ex-
to ‘elephant’ finds, according to consultant Rystad Energy. pected to start operations in the Norwegian Sea this summer.
“Renewed optimism in exploration activities is anticipated In 2017, the semisub Transocean Enabler was equipped with
in 2019, with operators from various segments aiming for mul- the ADC system and, the company said, has delivered tangible
tiple high-impact campaigns…in essentially all corners of the improvements in overall drilling efficiency that have led to more
world,” said senior analyst Rohit Patel. “These include wells cost-effective wells for Equinor. Further, the system has demon-
targeting large prospects, play openers, wells in frontier and strated improvements in well integrity, while enhancing safety
emerging basins, and operator communicated high impact and operations assurance.
wells.” The upgraded floaters will include the Transocean Spitsbergen,
Rystad’s new High Impact Wells Report lists the top wildcats Transocean Norge, Transocean Encourage, Transocean Equinox,
to watch over the coming year. and Transocean Endurance.
Offshore Papua New Guinea, the Mailu-1 well will target a The ADC systems are developed through the combination
giant carbonate oil prospect which if successful, could open a of various technologies from MHWirth, NOV, and Sekal AS,
new ultra-deep offshore play. which enable, among other things, higher rates of penetration
Eni’s Kekra-1 well is Pakistan’s first ultra-deepwater well in while drilling, highly stable bottomhole pressures avoiding
over a decade (potentially 1.5 Bbbl). swab/surge effects and early detection of kick/loss events.
Dana Gas plans to make its debut as an offshore operator in
1903OFF06-19.indd 18 2/28/19 4:22 PM

OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY •
TEKMAR CABLE PROTECTION SYSTEM SELECTED FOR global analysis of the cables and CPS on the project.
NORTHWESTER 2 The product will be produced within Tekmar’s manufacturing
Tekmar Energy says that the offshore installation contractor facility in northeast England during 2019.
Jan De Nul Group has selected the Tekmar Cable Protection
System (CPS) TekLink Mechanical Latch for the Northwester ENERGY PRODUCERS JOIN FORCES TO BID FOR
2 offshore wind farm. DUNKIRK OFFSHORE WIND FARM
Northwester 2 will be the sixth windfarm in the North Sea Total, Ørsted, a renewable major, and Elicio, a renewable energy
off the Belgian coast, consisting of 23 turbines and will provide producer preselected by the French Energy Regulatory Com-
a total of 219 MW from its location off the coast of Zeebrugge, mission, have created an industrial consortium to submit a
in water depth of approximately 40 m (131 ft). The project is joint bid for the Dunkirk offshore wind farm project for a power
set for completion in 2020. capacity of up to 600 MW.
Russell Edmondson, Managing Director of Tekmar Energy Philippe Sauquet, President Gas, Renewables and Power at
said: “We are delighted for Tekmar to be selected as the cable Total said: “Total’s participation in this offshore wind bid is in
protection system supplier for Northwester 2. This continues line with our strategy to develop low-carbon electricity business
Tekmar’s trusted relationship with Jan De Nul Group and furthers in Europe. Our recognized offshore oil and gas know-how com-
our position as the world market leader in offshore wind cable bined with Ørsted market-leading expertise across the offshore
protection systems; marking Tekmar’s 66th project within the wind energy value chain, as well as that of Elicio, an experienced
industry, taking the total number of systems over 6,700 and developer qualified from the beginning of the bid, provide a
22GW of protected subsea electrical infrastructure solid foundation for success of a safe and competitive
worldwide.” project.”
Martin Neubert, CEO of Ørsted Offshore, said: “Offshore wind
can contribute significantly to France’s renewable energy targets.
As the world-leading offshore wind developer, we bring an
unparalleled track-record in developing, constructing and op-
erating offshore wind farms to the consortium, and the com-
bined competencies of Ørsted, Total, and Elicio are ideal to help
France unleash its significant potential for developing clean
power from offshore wind.”
Emile Dumont, President of Elicio France, said: “Wind energy
has significant growth potential in France and is at the heart
of Elicio’s strategy to contribute towards a cleaner and cost-ef-
fective energy powered world. Further to Elicio’s successful
preselection for the French round 3 competitive dialogue and
by joining our unique expertise and experience, we are com-
mitted, with our partners Total and Ørsted, to making this
tender a milestone in the French offshore wind sector.”
Tekmar Cable Protection System on the back of a Jan De Nul Group
vessel installing an offshore wind project.
SEAOWLS, ULSTEIN GO THEIR OWN WAYS IN HEAVY
The award also continues the success of Tekmar in the region, LIFT JACKUP VESSEL MARKET
after being selected for several adjacent windfarms including Rotterdam-based companies SeaOwls and Ulstein Design &
Belwind, Belwind demonstration, Thornton Bank 2 and 3 and Solutions have decided to each go their own separate ways in
Borselle 1, 2, 3, and 4. the offshore wind industry. The patent rights of the SOUL
Stan Logghe, Senior Project Manager at Jan De Nul Group concept were developed under the cooperation of both com-
said: “Cable protection systems are vital for protecting the panies and will continue to be held by both SeaOwls and Ulstein.
electrical infrastructure of offshore wind farm projects. We have Each company will pursue its own business opportunities based
worked with Tekmar for many years, on projects including on the shared patent.
Burbo Bank and Race Bank, and Northwester 2 builds on our The heavy lift jackup vessel design concept is said to be the
strong and trusted relationship.” safest and most efficient solution to transport and install the
As part of the project, Tekmar will supply its latest TekLink world’s largest and powerful offshore wind turbines in the
Generation 8 cable protection system for all inter array and coming decades. SeaOwls and Ulstein say they are committed
export cables. to assist their clients to build the most suitable jackup vessel
AgileTek Engineering, a Tekmar Group company, also sup- to enable the industry to take the next step to a sustainable
ported the project using its proprietary AEL cloud system, world.
providing verification of the cable protection system design via
1903OFF06-19.indd 19 2/28/19 4:22 PM

• SEISMIC VESSEL MARKET UPDATE
Challenges remain for seismic survey

vessel market
Ranks of active contractors have declined significantly
BRUCE BEAUBOUEF, MANAGING EDITOR
WHILE MUCH of the offshore industry is

slowly rebounding from the downturn, the Shearwater GeoServices reports
seismic vessel survey market continues to that its multi-purpose vessels WG
Tasman and WG Cook (pictured)
be challenging for those contractors that will be deployed for work in
still remain active. the North Sea during the 2019
And that list has become much smaller summer season.
in the past few years. Companies that have
exited the market include CGG, Fugro, and
WesternGeco. Companies that have filed
for bankruptcy include Dolphin Geophysi-
cal, Global Geophysical Services, Geokinet-
ics, and REFLECT Geophysical.
During the past few years, much of the
existing seismic survey fleet has changed
hands. One such deal was concluded last
November, when Shearwater GeoServices
completed its acquisition of the marine
seismic acquisition assets and operations
of WesternGeco, the geophysical services
product line of Schlumberger. With the
completion of the deal, Shearwater offi-
cials observed that the transaction makes
Shearwater a global provider of marine geo-
physical services, which owns and operates
a fleet of 14 fully equipped seismic vessels
offering a full range of acquisition services
including 3D, 4D and ocean bottom seismic.
To be sure, there are a number of com-
panies that remain active in the market.
They include SeaBird Exploration, Polar-
cus, PGS, EMGS, and others.
SeaBird recently announced the exten-
sion of two existing contracts. The contract
for the Voyager Explorer, which is working
on an ocean bottom node survey in the Far
East, was extended by approximately 90
days until March 2019, with an option for
the charterers to extend by another 30 days.
The Osprey Explorer is also working on
an ocean bottom node survey in the Ameri-
cas region. This contract has been extended
from initially 60 days to currently approxi-
mately 180 days. Following the completion
of this contract expected in early March
1903OFF20-23.indd 20 2/28/19 4:04 PM

SEISMIC VESSEL MARKET UPDATE •
PGS’s Ramform Tethys, first launched March

2016, has been working offshore Brazil.
PGS reports that Phase 4 of the

multi-sensor Sabah multi-client 3D is under
way with the Ramform Hyperion. PGS says
that Sabah is one of the largest multi-cli-
ent projects worldwide and the first ever
in Malaysia. The company says that it will
acquire up to 10 000 sq km of GeoStreamer
data, adding to the existing 37,000 sq km
multi-phased Sabah MC3D, which PGS
says is already one of the world’s largest
multi-client acquisition projects.
EMGS reports that its Atlantic Guardian
vessel has completed an $8-million seismic
survey offshore South America. The com-
pany says it expects to operate two acqui-
sition vessels globally in 2019 and plans to
continue investing in its multi-client library
The Polarcus Amani is currently acquiring in select areas.
an ultra-wide 3D marine seismic project
offshore Myanmar. However, its capital investment plans
are limited to maintenance of existing
equipment.
EMGS says the market outlook for oil
2019, SeaBird says that the Osprey will immediately commence on a previously announced services remains challenging and uncer-
ocean bottom node survey in the same region with expected completion in mid-April 2019. tain, although there has been an increase
Polarcus says that it is currently acquiring an ultra-wide 3D marine seismic project in commercial activity. It has received
offshore Myanmar. The Polarcus Amani is towing an in-sea configuration that measures increasing numbers of enquiries concern-
1.8 km wide across the front ends. With each of the 10 streamers separated by 200 m, the ing proprietary acquisitions outside of its
total area covered by the spread is 17.6 sq km. Polarcus says that this is the largest in-sea stronghold, Norway.
configuration ever towed by a single seismic vessel, as well as the largest man-made mov- And, that cautionary note is also being
ing object on earth. sounded by consultancies and analyst firms
1903OFF20-23.indd 21 2/28/19 4:04 PM

• SEISMIC VESSEL MARKET UPDATE
as well. While more front-end engineering and design work is Spectrum, in cooperation with BGP, has started a 20,000-km
being awarded, new orders on larger, greenfield projects that will (12,427-mi) 2D survey in the Colorado and Salado basin offshore
be sanctioned in 2019 will not help build contract backlogs until Argentina. This new program ties with the company’s existing
2021. While the (now smaller) seismic survey vessel market may 38,000-km (23,612-mi) survey that was acquired in 2017 for the
be poised for a recovery, there are still a number of survey vessels ongoing first offshore licensing round.
still stacked at quayside. These vessels will likely not be hired for The BGP Pioneer is conducting the survey. Data is being acquired
at least another year, analysts predict – or not until oil companies with a 12-km (7.5-mi) streamer with continuous recording to image
begin maturing remote acreage. deep reflection and high fold data. This will support full interpre-
The companies that participated in Offshore’s 2019 seismic ves- tation from Moho to water bottom. The data will be processed
sel survey, and their latest data, can be seen below. with PSTM, PSDM, and Broadband products. First deliveries are
expected in 2Q 2019.
MULTI-CLIENT SURVEYS Shearwater GeoServices says it has been awarded a major explo-
Meanwhile, the industry continues to make use of data obtained ration survey in Brazil by TGS. The project will be executed by the
from multi-client surveys to plan new exploration and drilling Amazon Warrior using proprietary Q technology starting in Q1 2019.
campaigns. The companies report that the Amazon Warrior will be employing
OFFSHORE WORLDWIDE SEISMIC VESSEL SURVEY

*only includes companies that responded to survey
configuration as rigged
Streamer configuration
length (m) x width (m))

A
(# arrays x capacity in
Total length (meters)
footprint (# cables x
Total beam (meters)
Vessel Availability
Maximum towable
(# streamers x #
Primary Region
Year rigged or
Source array
Vessel name
converted
channels)
2D
cu in)
Dalmorneftegeophysica (DMNG), 426, Mira Ave., Yuzhno—Sakhalinsk, 693004, Russia
Akademik DigiStreamer 1 SE Asia / 1 array 4 string
2007 81.5 14.8 Contact 1 x 12,000 X
Fersman x 960 Worldwide 6,080 Max
1 array 4
DigiStreamer 1 SE Asia / strings 3,400
Zephyr—I 2007 81.8 14.8 Contact 1 x 12,000 X
x 960 Worldwide higher on
request
Fairfield Industries,1111 Gillingham, Sugar Land, Texas 77478, USA
NA — OBN
Rem Saltire 2019 100 24 Node Handling DP2 Gulf of Mexico NA NA X
Vessel
NA — OBN
Normand
2018 95 21 Node Handling DP2 Gulf of Arabia NA NA X
Tonjer
Vessel
NA — OBN
Mac Pegasus 2018 87 18 Node Handling DP2 Gulf of Arabia NA NA X
Vessel
PGS, Lilleakerveien 4C, N—0216 Oslo, Norway
Ramform Titan 2013 104.2 70 20 x 1296 Yes Worldwide 2 x 4,130 14.4 sqkm —
Ramform Atlas 2014 104.2 70 20 x 1296 Yes Worldwide 2 x 4,130 14.4 sqkm —
Ramform
2016 104.2 70 20 x 1296 Yes Worldwide 2 x 4,130 14.4 sqkm —
Tethys
Ramform
Hyperion
Ramform
Sovereign
Ramform
1999 86.2 39.6 16 x 1296 Yes Worldwide 2 x 4,130 12 sq km —
Vanguard
PGS Apollo 2010 106.8 19.2 10 x 1296 Yes Worldwide 2 x 4,135 12 sqkm —
Sanco Swift 2014 96 23 12 x 1296 Yes Worldwide 2 x 4,135 14.4 sqkm —
Atlantic
1994 91.5 18 1 x 1608 Yes Worldwide 2 x 4,130 3.6 sq km X
Explorer
1903OFF20-23.indd 22 2/28/19 4:04 PM

SEISMIC VESSEL MARKET UPDATE •
its single-sensor Qmarine technology, which they say is suited to chain transform zone exert a major influence on the tectonic regime.
environmental conditions offshore Brazil. The 11,200 km2 survey The northern shoulder of the Niger Delta, the company adds,
is expected to last approximately 8 months including transits. contains almost all the regional structural domains associated with
Still elsewhere, PGS reports that its UK imaging center aims shale tectonics in the region, barring the deformed and thrusted
to deliver first results this spring from a re-processed multi-client shale diapiric domain.
3D (MC3D) pre-stack depth migration (PSDM) dataset offshore Between the 1990s and last March, many fields were discovered
Nigeria. This will cover the newly relinquished blocks OPL321 to the south and east, including the giant Bosi (1996), Erha (1999),
and OPL323, also integrating data acquired in 2004 over blocks and Oyo North (2018).
OPL314 and OPL315. The most recent exploration identified at least eight prospects
The MC3D OPL 314/315/321/323 spans the area between the within this petroleum system with potentially billions of recov-
Benin Embayment and the Benue Trough, and should assist inte- erable barrels of oil over blocks covered by the present depth-re-
grated exploration of the northern and eastern Gulf of Guinea. processed survey.
PGS says the area has numerous similarities to the joint devel- Numerous deepwater channel complexes and shale-cored folds
opment area and offshore São Tome & Principe, southeast of the of multi-kilometric scale extend throughout the survey area form-
Niger Delta. Here large dextral regional transform faults such as the ing the cornerstones of the Post-Akata exploration. •
Onboard processing
media (type or cartridge

Final primary recording
used and transmission

length (m) x width (m))
Acquisition capability Technical capability
Satellite transmission
Seismic
footprint (# cables x
to shore (company
transition zone
Variable depth
Ocean bottom
speed (baud))
High density
Deepwater
2D 3D 4C/4D
Nav data
Full data
QC data
Shallow
cable
#)
2,000 X — — X X — — — X X X 3592 VSAT
2,000 X — — X X — — — X X X 3592 VSAT
NA X X X X X X X X X — 3592 —
NA X X X X X X X X X X — 3592 —
NA X X X X X X X X X X — 3592 —
sqkm — X X — X X — X X X X 3592 512K

sqkm — X X — X X — X X X X 3592 512K
sqkm — X X — X X — X X X X 3592 512K
sqkm — X X — X X — X X X X 3592 512K
sqkm — X X — X X — X X X X 3592 512K
q km — X X — X X — X X X X 3592 512K
sqkm — X X — X X — X X X X 3592 512K

sqkm — — — — X x — X X X X 3592 512K
sq km X — — — X — — X X X X 3592 512K
1903OFF20-23.indd 23 2/28/19 4:04 PM

• ASIA/PACIFIC
Elements coming together in Oscilay static closing

point. (All images courtesy Aker Solutions)
Oscilay process speeds production,

cuts cost of long-length umbilicals
First deployment offshore China in 2020
JEREMY BECKMAN, EDITOR, EUROPE
CNOOC HAS SANCTIONED the first commercial run of a new benefit is that it eliminates the need for splicing of cables due to
umbilical manufacturing method for a subsea tieback project in manufacturing weight and volume constraints. This is said to
the South China Sea. Aker Solutions’ Oscilay machine will pro- enable faster production of large diameter heavy power umbili-
duce the static sections of the Liuhua 16-2 power umbilicals, part cals, with positive consequences for offshore project schedules.
of a package of more than 115 km (71.5 mi) of dynamic and static An Aker Solutions team in Malaysia is leading engineering for the
power umbilicals the company is supplying that will connect Liuhua project, with the team in Mobile, Alabama, responsible
wells at the deepwater Liuhua 16-2, 20-2 and 21-2 gas-conden- for all production. Final delivery is scheduled for 2020.
sate fields to a new FPSO. Aker Solutions is currently construct- Power umbilicals are a critical component of the so-called
ing a new building to house the Oscilay closing line. subsea factory, distributing power from platforms to seabed
The new process has been designed to address the challenges pumping and production systems in locations often remote from
presented by extreme tension loads on umbilicals during instal- infrastructure. As a paper delivered by Aker Solutions at OTC
lation, said Greg Ross, the company’s VP Subsea Sales in Asia 2017* pointed out, the design challenges are greater than those
Pacific at the time of the contract award last summer. Its main of electrohydraulic umbilicals, typically related to heat transfer,
1903OFF24-28.indd 24 2/28/19 4:04 PM

ASIA/PACIFIC •
corrosion, induced current and splicing.

Power umbilicals require much larger-di-
ameter power cables restricting the length
and volume that will fit on pay-off reels,
which means that each time a reel has
to be changed out, splices must be per-
formed. These can often take a week to
complete.
Until now, the industry has mainly
used vertical or horizontal planetary bun-
dling machines for umbilical manufac-
ture. With the vertical system the elements
are placed on a turntable and are twisted
together, as they are drawn upwards, to
form a cable. For each ‘closing,’ a central
element or bundle is pulled through the
center of the turntable, allowing new ele-
ments to be added. Horizontal cabling
machines employ large wheels instead of
turntables to carry the machine reels, but
otherwise the assembly process is similar
to the vertical approach.
SZ STRANDING
Oscilay is an adaptation of SZ stranding as
an alternative closing method. SZ strand-
ing, which has long been applied for bun-
dling smaller cables, involves rotating the
tooling that bundles the various elements
together. Rotating the tooling back and
forth equally for each pattern prevents
twist building up between the tooling, ele-
ment pay-off reels and the take-up reel.
The main benefits are that the machine
reels are stationary (which is said to make
the machinery less costly than planetary
systems with a similar capacity), and the
fact that the pay-off reels can be sized
TOP: Large payoff reels going toward Oscilay closing point.
without volume or weight limitations. BELOW: Oscilay prototype umbilical during bend under tension tests.
However, power umbilicals are sub-
ject to high tensile loads, and applying a
high tension to a standard SZ cable would elements are given 100% back twist to limit the torque generated by the elements. But
cause it to untwist or straighten out. This the large planetary bundling machines that are needed to rotate the individual element
action is induced mainly by the torque of reels also have weight limitations of roughly 25-35 tons for each position in the plan-
the internal SZ stranded elements. Aker etary. The process of closing can therefore be run continuously only for a length cor-
Solutions decided to investigate whether responding to the same weight or volume range for a single element. Mindful of this
it might be possible to modify SZ strand- limitation and the associated need for more welding and splicing, the team sought to
ing for long umbilicals. The company’s develop and qualify an alternative bundling process that would eliminate the weight
typical, planetary umbilicals are bundled and volume constraints. In addition, there are 21 positions in the planetary bundling
in one continuous direction with a low machine for elements, whereas the Oscilay machine contains theoretically an unlimited
lay angle. The elements are bundled into number of element positions. That eliminates the need for multiple passes through the
separate holes within the structure, each closing machine for umbilicals with more than 21 elements.
larger than the element they support in According to Ruth Pleasant, Senior Engineer and Product Specialist for Oscilay:
order to facilitate spooling of the umbil- “The initial ideas for Oscilay started in 2006 when Aker Solutions realized that there
ical. During bundling, the internal helix was an increasing market for power umbilicals with large power cores. This was due to
1903OFF24-28.indd 25 2/28/19 4:04 PM

• ASIA/PACIFIC
the growing need for subsea pumping and also the future mar-
ket for offshore floating wind power. We realized that our bun-
dling machines in Moss, Norway and Mobile, Alabama were not
suitable for the high weight and big volumes of the larger power
cores being bundled into the umbilicals.
“As shorter-length power cores were needed to suit the weight
and volume capacity of a standard planetary machine, our team
came up with a new idea which eliminated the weight and vol-
ume limitations. This would involve manufacturing a helical bun-
dled umbilical but in an ever-changing direction of the bundling
operation, dispensing with the need for planetary action. All ele-
ments to be bundled could stay on the ground. The idea was also
based on the principle that all axial force should be taken by the
internal laid members, even if they were in an alternating helix
configuration. We could couple the outer jacket and the internal
PVC elements in rotation to balance for the torque generated by
the internal elements.
“Aker Solutions holds several patents on this idea, the first
being filed in 2007. To prove the concept, the first prototype,
which was 70 m [229 ft] long, was assembled by hand in 2007 at
the Moss plant. During 2007-2009 several more prototypes were
made and compared with analysis to further prove and refine the
concept. It became clear that the USAP software, developed by
Marintek Norway and applied for the stress analysis, needed fur-
ther development to properly handle the behavior of the alternat-
ing helix configuration. The design and engineering was a team
effort between our engineering groups in Fornebu (near Oslo),
Moss, and Mobile. They worked together very closely throughout
the design, manufacturing and testing of the prototype umbili-
cals, with the majority of the prototype tests being conducted in
Mobile. The Alternating Helix Phase 2 project and the large power
umbilical prototype project were executed primarily in Mobile.”
The main driver for the development has been the pressing
need to reduce the time taken to make long-length power umbil-
icals. “Medium-voltage cable splicing takes several days and is
quite complex,” Pleasant explained. “This has to be strong, water
resistant, electrically sound, and, critically, it needs to have approx- Aerial view of Aker Solutions’
imately the same diameter as the original cable. Considering that Mobile, Alabama facility
with completed umbilicals
medium-voltage cables usually come in triads, the process could
on carousels made with
easily last four or five days. If you have to do this every few kilo- traditional horizontal
meters, making a 100-km [62-mi] power cable might take most planetary bundling method
of the year. The opportunity cost of manufacturing something and payoff reels feeding into
the building for the Oscilay
so slowly is prohibitive.
closing point.
“In order to produce power umbilicals at a pace that would
support the market’s needs, Aker Solutions developed what
was first known as the Alternating Helix process, later renamed
Oscilay. As a nice set of side-effects, the Oscilay process reduces All elements are run into a static closing point and then twisted
the material handling and requires much lighter machinery.” back and forth. As the umbilical exits the twist head it is taped to
maintain the global configuration. The resultant product is then
LAY PATTERN extruded to lock in the umbilical pattern. With this process, there
The process follows conventional mono-directional helix strand- are none of the weight and volume constraints of conventional
ing principles except for its lay pattern. After a couple of pitch planetary bundling machines, the company claims.
lengths, the direction of closing changes, and the constant switch Among the main beneficiaries are long-length power umbili-
of lay-direction means there is no need for the individual ele- cals with larger power cores that traditionally reach weight/vol-
ments’ pay-off reels to be placed in a planetary or on a turn table. ume constraints after only 3-4 km (1.8-2.5 mi) of construction.
1903OFF24-28.indd 26 2/28/19 4:04 PM

ASIA/PACIFIC •
This forces the bundling process to be halted to allow for re-load- the same long lay length and PVC design as the company’s plan-
ing and splicing of power cores. With the SZ stranding principle, etary design and would need to withstand the same installation
however, all splicing can be conducted prior to initiating clos- and operation loads. The next steps would be to determine what
ing, and with more pay-off reels being placed on the ground, the was new about the technology and what was field proven, and
umbilical can always be closed in a single operation. to assess the key areas of focus during the qualification program
Aker Solutions decided to evaluate the proposed new process using failure modes effects analysis (FMEA). To support the
via a series of prototype tests in accordance with recommended development, the company invited offshore operators, instal-
DNV practice on qualification of new technology (RP-203, July lation contractors, and engineering groups to suggest potential
2010). The umbilicals used for the qualification would employ failure modes for the umbilical manufacturing, installation and
1903OFF24-28.indd 27 2/28/19 4:04 PM

• ASIA/PACIFIC
operational phases, many of which would be addressed during SMF fiber optic cables, fiber optic sensors, steel rods, and car-
the testing phase. bon fiber rods. A total of 1,000 m (3,281 ft) was manufactured. “In
In addition, it resolved to conduct standard tests in accordance order to better understand the technology’s capabilities, many
with API 17E:2010 in order to compare the SZ stranded umbilical hand samples were also made prior to producing these umbili-
with a standard planetary umbilical. The aim was to draw up an cals with the Oscilay machine,” Hickman added.
envelope for making steel tube and power umbilicals without the Results from the qualification program suggested that Oscilay
need for extensive, project-specific tests. For the critical tensile stranding would perform well, even in deepwater, and that the
testing the company opted for a steel tube umbilical cross-sec- technique could withstand the same tensile, compression and
tion that would have required two passes through the cabling internal pressure loads as a planetary umbilical. “The samples
machine, thereby ensuring smaller umbilicals would easily com- tested exhibited improved fatigue capacity and high torsional sta-
ply with the highest-risk failure modes identified by the FMEA. bility,” Hickman said, “but the same applies to all Aker Solutions
Three different prototypes were manufactured with much umbilicals. Since each element is placed in its own conduit, ele-
of the testing completed prior to spring 2017. The main consid- ment friction forces are lower than with our competitors’ prod-
erations that influenced the testing program included unpre- ucts, and the reduced friction stress lowers the fatigue damage
dictable behavior during spooling and reeling due to the new on large power cores.
lay pattern; load shar- “ The overall
ing among elements mechanical properties
toward the center of for an Oscilay umbili-
the cross-sections vs cal, such as tensile
those elements toward capacities and mini-
the outer periphery; mum bending radii,
filling of the grooves in are the same as for
the PVC profiles and planetary umbilicals
the subsequent effect that the company has
on the umbilical when delivered since 1994.
subjected to high ten- The main benefit to our
sile loads; whether the clients is that this tech-
machine would have nology requires fewer
the capacity to twist splices, which means
an umbilical incorpo- reduced risk. Also, we
rating 15-ksi steel tubes; can deliver faster since
and whether the pro- splicing is very time
cess would suit umbil- and labor-intensive.
ical-grade flying leads. “We are now pur-
The trials conducted chasing larger reels for
included handling, projects to make full
spooling, reeling, ten- Oscilay prototype umbilical taped and entering tensioner. use of the Oscilay tech-
sile testing, bending nology. This will allow
stiffness testing, bend under tension testing, crush testing, and us to make the full lengths with no splices. Case studies, tenders,
flex fatigue testing. and active projects show a reduction in cost of over 5% while also
According to David Hickman, Product Manager, Umbilicals eliminating the cable splices.”
at Aker Solutions, “one of the prototypes was a 171-mm OD steel First Oscilay production is due to start in 3Q 2019, although
tube umbilical (STU) sample containing twelve ¾-in. 15-ksi lines, the new building and equipment will be ready by mid-year. “This
four ½-in. 15-ksi lines, three 10-sq mm [0.01-sq in.] quads and manufacturing line will greatly increase the capacity of the Mobile
three 16 SMF fiber optic cables. A total of 600 m [1,968 ft] was facility,” Hickman said. “Since the Oscilay machine is small, easily
produced. Another was an umbilical-grade flying lead (UFL) moved and very simple, a basic building design is required. The
sample containing ten ½-in. 10-ksi lines. In total 250 m [820 ft] first umbilical to be produced using the new process will con-
was produced. Both the STU sample and the UFL were tested tain medium-voltage cables and will be an Aker Solutions stan-
according to ISO-standard requirements. These two projects dard PVC design. There are no planned splices during closing
were designed to be very close to previously executed plane- since the project is taking full advantage of Oscilay’s benefits.” •
tary umbilical projects so that the results of testing and analysis
could be compared.” REFERENCE
The third prototype was a complex power umbilical manu- *Arild Figenschou, David Hickman, and Leif Høie, Aker Solu-
factured and tested to suit the requirements of a major oil com- tions, ‘New Umbilical Manufacturing Method Eliminates Weight
pany. It included three 630-sq mm (0.97-sq in.) 36kV cables, 16 Limitation,’ Offshore Technology Conference 2017, Houston.
1903OFF24-28.indd 28 2/28/19 4:04 PM

GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS •
DGH officials at the

presentation in London.
(Courtesy Spectrum Geo)
Gabon offers wide-ranging blocks,

improved terms in latest license round
New data highlights pre/post-salt oil potential
GABON HAS OPENED its 12th Offshore Licensing Round, tabling Edgard Mbina-Kombila, Deputy General Manager at the DGH,
35 blocks for exploration and production in relatively shallow to said Gabon’s government had validated a new Hydrocarbons Code
ultra-deepwater. All were covered by recent 3D and 2D seismic sur- and that ratification was now in progress: “Gabon has over 60 years
veys acquired by four geophysical contractors and processed using history of oil production. Now it’s declining, but we think we can
modern techniques. These have delivered a clearer picture of the improve the production profile because there are still non-explored
long-suspected potential across the country’s multiple sub-salt and areas, especially over the deep offshore.” New discoveries should be
post-salt plays. relatively straightforward to develop, he suggested, with a long-es-
Officials from Gabon’s Direction Génerale des Hydrocarbures tablished network of refineries and terminals in place, along with an
(DGH) and representatives of the four contractors outlined the new extensive offshore and onshore pipeline system, “so there is no need
fiscal terms and exploration opportunities at a presentation in Lon- for companies to put in new infrastructure.”
don earlier this year organized by Spectrum. This was one of eight The 2D and 3D datasets acquired by CGG, ION Geophysical, PGS,
roadshows to promote the round following its initial announce- and Spectrum under partnership arrangements with the DGH are
ment in Cape Town last year. Others will be staged over the com- all available under the new round. The more data companies license
ing months at exhibitions and conferences in Beijing, Equatorial ahead of submitting a bid the stronger their work program will be
Guinea, Moscow, Calgary, and Brazil. Following requests from the rated, Mbina-Kombila said, with consequent reductions in future
industry, the ministry has extended the deadline for license appli- seismic commitments if the bid is successful.
cations to Sept. 30, 2019. Herve Bertrand N’nang Engue, Senior Economist at the DGH,
1903OFF29-31.indd 29 2/28/19 4:04 PM

• GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS
oil successes last year with the Ivela-1 and

Boudji-1 wells.
According to a report drawn up by Spec-
trum for the ministry for the 12th Round,
exploration to date off the north of Gabon
has focused on shallow oil post-salt plays in
shallow water. The resulting oil discoveries
prove the presence of a post-salt hydrocar-
bon system. In the presalt, there have been
a few nearshore gas discoveries but the pre-
salt oil plays have been ignored due in part
to imaging restrictions. That situation has
changed with advances in imaging and drill-
ing technologies: recent assessments suggest
that the deeper presalt synrift close to the
shore contains structural plays with qual-
ity reservoirs above oil-prone source kitch-
ens. And farther to the west the post-salt is
so thick the likelihood is that source rocks
here will also be oil-generative.
Offshore central Gabon, the new license
blocks offered are over the outer part of the
Ogooue Delta, where water depths were
beyond the capabilities of earlier exploration.
There appear to be various undrilled struc-
tures in the post-salt close to the oil-prolific
shallow-water area. New technologies are
allowing stratigraphic targets to be imaged
over potential sandstone channel, slope and
fan plays over underlying salt diapirs. And
analysis of post-salt carbonates indicates
that the syn-rift is potentially generating
billions of barrels of oil, or where it is really
thick, gas-condensate, said Spectrum’s Neil
Hodgson. Sub-salt plays in the Ogooue Delta
have been virtually unexplored.
Off southern Gabon, in addition to the
Blocks on offer under the 12th licensing round. (Courtesy DGH) proven Gamba sandstone post-rift, presalt
plays, modern imaging is for the first time
said the new Hydrocarbons Code was based on input from the Gabonese Tax and Customs revealing large, syn-rift anticlines, and the
and Environment departments, the country’s upstream and downstream unions, OPEC, the few wells drilled to test this play have been
University of Houston, and the African producers’ association APPA. The code is adapted successful.
to take into account oil price fluctuations, with flexibility applied to different plays and field
sizes. Other positive changes include the removal of corporate income tax, a lower royalty DATA REVIEWS
rate on deep/ultra-deepwater production, and higher cost recovery rates of up to 70% for CGG’s focus has been on Gabon’s South
conventional oil, and in deep/ultra-deepwater, 80% for oil and 90% for gas. As for license basin. Working with the Ministère du Pétrole,
durations, the initial exploration phase has been extended from six to eight years with the Gaz et des Hydrocarbures, the company
oil production phase extended from 20 to a maximum of 30 years, 35 years in the case of gas. acquired over 25,000 sq km (9,652 sq mi) of
3D seismic over an area that includes some
EMERGING PLAYS of the 12th Round blocks, using its Broad-
All of Gabon’s current offshore production comes from relatively near-shore fields, but there Seis broadband technique, full-waveform
has been patchy exploration in recent years of the lesser known presalt plays. This has deliv- inversion and tomographic velocity model-
ered deepwater successes such as Total’s Diaman-1B gas-condensate discovery in the Diaba ing to image prospective structures at base
block in 2013 and Shell’s Leopard (gas) the following year in the BCD license, 145 km (90 salt level. The survey area is also close to
mi) offshore and in 2,110 m (6,922 ft) water depth. Two other consortia achieved deepwater and downdip of pre-Aptian salt discoveries
1903OFF29-31.indd 30 2/28/19 4:04 PM

GEOLOGY & GEOPHYSICS •
during the opening of the South Atlantic. ION claims the program
has helped resolve issues related to hydrocarbon expulsion and tim-
ing and the thickness of Cretaceous units critical to the development
of new hydrocarbon concepts.
PGS’ Gabon MegaSurvey, another initiative developed with the
DGH over the past 10 years, provides over 35,000 sq km (13,513 sq mi)
of merged 3D/2D data and regional interpretation over mature and
frontier offshore areas, with key horizons calibrated to released well
data allowing users to focus on detailed prospect-level interpretation.
Spectrum’s most recent efforts offshore Gabon have involved
reprocessing in 2016 of a 2D data-set acquired in 2009, followed in
2017 by acquisition of 11,000 sq km (4,247 sq mi) of 3D data over the
south (including the currently offered blocks) and subsequently 5,500
sq km (2,123 sq mi) of 3D seismic over the north. The company has
finished processing the southern data and expected to finish work
Area covered by CGG’s latest Gabon South basin deepwater 2D on the north this month. In addition, it has been cooperating with
multi-client survey. (Courtesy CGG) the DGH on reprocessing existing 3D data using modern broadband
techniques, said Neil Hodgson. He pointed out that although around
such as Ruche and Tortue in the Dussafu block (now under devel- 18 exploratory wells had been drilled in the south on the Dentale
opment by BW Offshore) and Diaman, and both Ivela and Boudji Gamba play, only one had found oil. The poor returns appear to be
were identified based on this data-set, CGG claims. down to problems with seismic definition clarity: Spectrum has
Over 2,500 sq km (965 sq mi) were overshot by perpendicular applied de-ghosting during processing which will hopefully improve
14-km (8.7-mi) long-offset data in order to provide dual-azimuth cov- imaging in this region. •
erage, with over 3,800 sq km (1,467 sq mi) acquired applying similar
offsets for improved imaging of deeper diving waves. According to
the company, the main prospective targets are in deep sub-salt Bar-
remian to Aptian sandstones; supra-salt Albian Madiela carbonate
turtlebacks; and Cretaceous-Tertiary turbidite sands that have proven
to be fertile hunting ground to the south offshore Congo and Angola.
Results from the BroadSeis data-set are also incorporated in vol-
ume 2 of the CCG/Robertson JumpStart integrated geological study
of the South basin.
More recently CGG has been acquiring 9,800 km (6,089 mi) of
long-offset, broadband 2D data to help define the full extent of exist-
ing and newly identified plays in the basin and to assist understand-
ing of the thickness variations in the sediment overburden for source
rock and maturity analysis. Broadband processing should improve
characterization of the turbidite systems that represent potential “I can think of no one better to translate the complexities of
exploration targets, while the low frequencies should provide suf- natural gas liquids into a more easily understandable subject.”
ficient penetration to enhance understanding of the nature of the — Frank H. Richardson, President and CEO, Shell Oil Company, Retired
deep crust, the company says. Natural Gas Liquids: A Nontechnical Guide
ION, working with the ministry and the DGH, has acquired five 2D is a comprehensive overview of NGLs from
surveys over the past few years across Gabon’s entire offshore area, production in the oil patch to consumption in
with all the data re-processed, re-imaged and integrated last year the fuels and petrochemicals industries.
into the new 2D BasinSPAN data-set. This covers 4,760 km (2,958 Learn what is behind natural gas liquids:
mi) off northern Gabon and 6,000 km (3,728 mi) off the south of the • How they are produced
country. ION’s Ken McDermott, speaking at the London event, said • How they are transported
the new seismic lines over the north show good reflectivity from the • How they are consumed in the fuels
salt down to the base of the crust, revealing what appear to be sed- and petrochemicals industry
iments curling around salt diapirs. • Profles of successful NGL companies
The SPAN data is said to support development of a full crustal
deformation model for the offshore area and provides input to assist
ORDER YOUR COPY TODAY AT
source rock maturation modeling. Line orientations have been WWW.PENNWELLBOOKS.COM 226 Pages/Hardcover/2014
designed to improve understanding of the initial and subsequent OR CALL 800-752-9764
break-up and transform margin phases that impacted the area
NGL14v_petro_141010 1 10/10/14 9:32 AM
1903OFF29-31.indd 31 2/28/19 4:04 PM

• ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION, & INSTALLATION
The heavy-lift vessel Saipem 7000

removing the Miller platform in the UK
central North Sea. (Image courtesy BP)
Decommissioning market advancing

offshore the UK
Association details achievements, opportunities
JOE LEASK, OIL & GAS UK
‘DECOMMISSIONING IS COMING OF AGE’ is a phrase heard fresh investment into the basin. In 2018, final investment deci-
in the UK oil and gas industry. Now it is steadily occurring along- sions for 13 new projects were approved attracting £3.3 billion
side exploration and production on the UK continental shelf ($4.2 billion) of capital investment with the potential to pro-
(UKCS). It is a phrase that aptly describes the sector’s exper- duce 400 MMboe over time, adding to the taxes the UK Trea-
tise, accumulated over 30 years of decommissioning offshore sury receives from the sector.
structures in the North Sea basin. Ensuring that knowledge is These changes push cessation of production dates and
shared is crucial to developing the highly skilled teams needed decommissioning projects into the future. They are helping to
to deliver projects cost-effectively. stabilize the market, with decommissioning expenditure pre-
When Oil & Gas UK launched its 2018 Decommissioning dicted to even out at about £1.5 billion ($1.9 billion) per year.
Insight report in November press headlines like ‘Industry effi- In 2018, decommissioning represented only 8% of the oil and
ciency drive cuts UK bill’ highlighted how the competitive capa- gas industry’s overall expenditure on the UKCS. Current trends
bilities had improved project delivery. In contrast to reports suggest this decommissioning spend will grow slightly in the
published since 2010, this Decommissioning Insight revealed near term, possibly rising to 10%. However, market conditions
for the first time a 20% reduction in forecast expenditure over including oil prices and expenditure in areas including explo-
the next 10 years in comparison to the 2017 Insight report. ration, well appraisal, and operations will influence how things
Transformational changes are taking place on the UKCS. might unfold in the future.
Through relentlessly focusing on improving efficiency through- Changing UKCS dynamics offer an invaluable window of
out the oil and gas lifecycle, the industry is extending the eco- opportunity. With decommissioning scheduled to occur over
nomic viability and productive life of offshore assets, attracting a longer timeline, the country can build on existing specialist
1903OFF32-34.indd 32 2/28/19 4:04 PM

ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION, & INSTALLATION •
skills and expertise. While decommissioning is occurring in in the development of tools like the Work Breakdown Struc-
other oil and gas provinces around the world, a significant ture (WBS). Giving industry a standard approach to modeling
number of UKCS projects are substantial in scale and techni- decommissioning projects, this encompasses all elements of a
cally complex. Current market stability promises to deliver a typical decommissioning project. Different expertise is required
steady flow of diverse work for the supply chain and a range of within each WBS phase: from engineering practitioners at the
stimulating career prospects for people entering the industry. front end to operational expertise as the installation is made
The association’s Decommissioning Insight, which encom- safe, to lifting scopes, subsea scopes and finally re-use, recy-
passed wider North Sea activity in Norway, Denmark and the cling and disposal.
Netherlands, outlined the scale of this opportunity. It confirms Details of the WBS are included in Oil & Gas UK’s Decom-
the UK will be the largest market for decommissioning over the missioning Cost Estimate Guidelines. The WBS establishes a
next decade providing it with the opportunity to build a regional common language for all those involved in decommissioning;
and indeed global capability. Industry analysts like Wood Mack- providing the supply chain with clarity about where they fit
enzie, taking a global perspective, observed a similar trend, into the spectrum, outlining good practice in contract execu-
anticipating the UK will be where the highest level of decom- tion to operators and defining to the regulators the cost pro-
missioning expenditure will take place over the same period. visions per phase.
The country’s experienced supply chain has a clear opportu- The WBS includes aspects such as initial field econom-
nity to develop world-class decommissioning capabilities that ics, decommissioning security agreements toward the end of
can be marketed worldwide as it makes the most of the steady field life, planning the cessation of production and preparing
flow of diverse and technically challenging projects on the UKCS. decommissioning plans. The association is using this structured
In areas of highly technical complexity like well decommis- approach to set a global performance framework, a valuable
sioning, the industry is already delivering projects safely and tool for benchmarking projects.
in an environmentally-sound and cost-effective manner. Over In November 2018, the UK government acknowledged the
the past year, forecast decommissioning costs per well have industry’s coming of age when it issued a call for evidence on its
fallen by an average of 26%. While market conditions played plans to make the UK a global hub for decommissioning. As one
a role in these cost reductions, the industry’s improving effi- of the most mature decommissioning markets, the UK can help
ciency is helping to deliver repetitive gains in most projects. set the agenda on how these activities are effectively regulated
In some individual projects, the average amount of days spent to ensure safety, environmental protection, and sustainability.
on well decommissioning have halved throughout the lifecy- The UK’s growing expertise in cost-effective decommissioning
cle of the project. combined with a stable fiscal regime is improving the competi-
Looking ahead, 1,465 UKCS wells are forecast to be decom- tiveness of the supply chain. With other countries already mov-
missioned in the next decade. Representing one-fifth of the total ing to secure a share of global decommissioning work, the call
well stock drilled to-date in the UK North Sea, this equates to a for evidence presents the country with a great opportunity to
steady stream of almost 150 wells per year on average. focus on the highly specialized areas where the UK excels such
These activities will happen across the UKCS with decom- as well decommissioning, removals and subsea infrastructure
missioning taking place on 391 wells in the northern North Sea decommissioning and apply these internationally.
and west of Shetland; 475 in the southern North Sea and Irish The Oil and Gas Authority’s (OGA) UKCS Decommissioning
Sea; and 599 in the central North Sea. Comprising a mixture 2018 Cost Estimate Report highlighted the country’s growing
of platform, subsea and suspended exploration and appraisal expertise, showing the industry has already reduced costs by
wells, they represent a sizeable quantity of projects where the 7% from the 2017 estimate.
UK’s supply chain can both apply and hone its expertise, in The UK government is rightly focused on cost-efficient
highly specialized aspects of decommissioning. decommissioning, a desire the industry shares and is com-
The association is setting the agenda technically including mitted to deliver in a safe and environmentally responsible
The Work Breakdown Structure provides a standard approach to modeling decommissioning projects. (Courtesy Oil & Gas UK)
1903OFF32-34.indd 33 2/28/19 4:04 PM

manner. The industry is largely responsible for covering the cost Yet, how do we build on the industry’s decommissioning
of decommissioning, which as the 2018 Insight report shows achievements to date, while maximizing economic recovery
was £1.15 billion ($1.48 billion) in 2017. These are normally from the UK North Sea?
occurring business costs which companies can offset against Education and training are key in helping us build upon the
current or historic profits, taking place toward the end of the advanced capabilities that exist in the UK. A growing number
lifecycle of an asset. of initiatives are already inspiring, educating, and preparing the
Companies’ decommissioning spend provides work for sup- future decommissioning workforce, in response to the broaden-
ply chain companies, helps develop highly exportable special- ing awareness that decommissioning has come of age.
ist capabilities and in turn, generates tax receipts for the UK In 2017, the University of Aberdeen launched the world’s
Treasury. While the industry receives some tax relief on its first MSc in Decommissioning, and Sam George of the Oil &
decommissioning costs, Gas UK is one of the first
it is only a small fraction students to have earned a
of the £330 billion ($424 degree in this pioneering
billion) paid in produc- qualification. Designed
tion taxes alone to the in collaboration with
treasury since North Sea operators, supply chain
production began. companies and regula-
In 2016, the OGA set tors, it is a positive step
the sector a target to in ensuring experience
reduce forecast costs by is shared with those who
35% by 2022. The reg- wish to pursue a career in
ulator’s Cost Estimate decommissioning.
report shows the prog- Elsewhere in Aber-
ress toward this goal, deen, Robert Gordon Uni-
much of which has been versity offers a course in
achieved through bet- ‘Planning for Decommis-
ter project planning and sioning.’ Developed with
execution. the OGA, the UK gov-
New technology has ernment’s Department
significant potential to The National Decommissioning Centre in Aberdeenshire launched in January. for Business, Energy and
realize efficiencies in (Courtesy Oil & Gas UK) Industrial Strategy, and
decommissioning proj- the Health and Safety
ect delivery. Created in 2017, the Oil & Gas Technology Centre Executive, this provides students with detailed insight into
(OGTC) in Aberdeen is an industry-led research and knowledge decommissioning legislation.
organization, backed by the UK and Scottish governments to In January 2019, the National Decommissioning Centre (NDC)
fund and direct projects aimed at unlocking the full potential was launched. The author is a member of the steering commit-
of the UK North Sea. tee for this new resource in Aberdeenshire, which is the result
Decommissioning is one of OGTC’s focus areas and there of a £38-million ($49-million) partnership between the OGTC
have been great examples of industry, academia, and govern- and the University of Aberdeen. The goal of the NDC is to be
ment collaborating to develop innovative technological solu- the leader in research and development that transforms decom-
tions. Spirit Energy, well specialist Interwell, and several major missioning and mature field management.
North Sea operators are trialling a new well decommissioning The UK is now well positioned to make the most of a global
technology that could cut millions of pounds from budgets. market of some $80 billion over the next decade. The UK oil
The new method, being trialled in an onshore well, uses ther- and gas industry is focused on making the most of this unique
mite and a controlled chemical reaction in the well rather than window of opportunity. •
a traditional cement plug.
The UK’s offshore oil and gas industry is setting the agenda THE AUTHOR
commercially, with companies combining their strengths to Joe Leask is Oil & Gas UK’s decommissioning
deliver broader services to operators. These innovative contract- manager.
ing strategies offer operators a variety of options for tendering
while also enabling the participation of a greater number of
supply chain companies, enhancing competition in the market.
Through developing world-leading expertise in decommis-
sioning, the UK industry is unlocking significant potential to
export this expertise to other oil provinces.
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Full field development example: FPSO Cidade de Itaguai

MV26 offshore Brazil. (Courtesy MODEC)
Employing best practices underpins

FPSO project success
Industry moving toward standard specifications
JEFF DICE, ENDEAVOR MANAGEMENT
THIS AUTHOR’S FIRST FPSO experience began in the Effective use of FPSOs depends upon several key aspects,
mid-1990s, and the assignment offered several key lessons. including strategic decisions, project delivery, re-deploy-
That first project involved the conversion of an old tanker ment and hull design, process and module design, mooring
into an FPSO on an incredibly short schedule. Based on and offloading, and operational considerations.
the commercial success of that field, the industry had an
opportunity to improve risk acceptance of conversions and STRATEGIC DECISIONS
short schedules. More than two decades later, that field is Selection of the FPSO as a development solution has become
still producing, and the FPSO industry still has opportunity more widespread, but strategic decisions made in conjunc-
for improvement. tion with FPSO concept selection impact a range of perfor-
With WTI crude prices fluctuating around $50/bbl, there mance parameters during both project execution and the
continues to be a push to advance cost-effective field develop- life of the field. Two of the most important strategic deci-
ment options for oil-rich discoveries, and FPSOs have proven sions are definition of:
to be effective solutions in a wide range of water depths. • Technical specifications
1903OFF35-37.indd 35 2/28/19 4:03 PM

• Whether to lease or to own. selection and design.

After years of being driven by detailed company specifica- Because they are highly autonomous floating systems,
tions developed by major operators with low risk tolerance, FPSOs offer high potential for relatively simple removal and
the offshore oil and gas industry is moving to standard indus- relocation compared to most other production system alter-
try specifications that may not yet be fully developed. The natives. As examples, the industry’s second FPSO (FPSO II,
decision to own or lease an FPSO is affected by a number SBM) is now on its fourth location after an initial 11‐year
of factors which include access to cash, cost of financing, deployment and Petrojarl I (Teekay) commenced production
expected period of production, and control of operations in May 2018 on its 12th redeployment.
with the associated risks.
PROCESS AND MODULE DESIGN
PROJECT DELIVERY The FPSO industry seems to have settled on common designs
Project delivery addresses three major issues associated with for the separation of oil, water, and gas with only a few mod-
successful delivery of FPSO projects including: ifications in the basic design to handle unique reservoir con-
• Project organization ditions. This leaves the design of the process system on the
• Interface management FPSO focused on three major areas:
• Change management. • Vapor recovery
FPSO projects have distinctive characteristics such as • Gas handling (and disposal)
storage and offloading with strong marine industry links • Water treatment/injection.
that are significantly different from other floating produc- The global trend toward reducing greenhouse gas emis-
tion systems, and which require specific resources and orga- sions has created the need for FPSO operators to develop
nization to properly manage and deliver successful projects. and use methods to minimize emissions from vapor recovery,
The integration of these resources into the overall project tank inerting, and gas disposition once it has been recovered.
team is critical for success in terms of schedule, budget, and In addition, country regulations are becoming more strin-
risk management. gent regarding the overboard disposal of process water and
Effective management of interfaces is a critical success reducing the acceptable levels of oil in water, as well as
factor for delivering any project. The effort required to do regulating other constituents in the produced water dis-
this increases exponentially with complexity. FPSOs are on charged to sea.
the high end of the complexity spectrum due to the multiple FPSO process module design addresses three major areas
functional requirements spread across several contractors associated with the design, installation, and placement of
and multiple equipment suppliers. the process system modules on the FPSO. These are:
Change during FPSO projects is a given, and failure to • FPSO operability
accept, recognize, plan for, and respond to change can be • Crew safety
attributed as one of the greatest contributors to adverse • Installation and interfaces considerations between the
FPSO project performance. The impacts can be very visi- hull and the process modules, which need to be addressed
ble and predictable or hidden and appear indirectly. Most during the design of the FPSO.
of these factors have a negative effect on the project cost,
outcome, and stakeholder relationships. The development MOORING AND OFFLOADING
of a robust change management system is a requirement for Once an FPSO is selected as the field development option,
a successful FPSO project. a key decision will be related to the selection of mooring,
risers/umbilicals, and associated oil export offloading sys-
REDEPLOYMENT AND HULL DESIGN tem. Important considerations associated with this decision
A major early decision for the FPSO will be whether the hull include the operational location, disconnect strategy, field
is based on a converted tanker or a newbuild FPSO specific architecture and associated turret/fluid swivel system, and
design. Conversion is dependent upon availability of a tanker type of export tankers.
of sufficient size to meet storage requirements, whereas new-
builds may be customized for the application. OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
Whether newbuild or conversion, a suitable FPSO hull Most FPSO operating procedures are similar and can be
must account for the required storage volume, cargo/ballast applied to FPSO operation in different locations and under
handling systems, topsides weight, weather at location, regu- different jurisdictions. Developing and implementing gener-
latory constraints, on‐station repairs and maintenance over ally acceptable standard operating procedures could achieve
the full operating life, and tank/skin protective configuration. safer operations, considerable cost savings, greater oper-
Class can play an important role in conformance with ational efficiency, uncertainty reduction, savings in time,
regulatory and Flag State requirements for an FPSO. A strat- effort and man hours, greater ease of crewmember transfer
egy for Class or alternative means of marine assurance and from one FPSO to another, and would result in a reduction
marine regulatory approval must be in place as part of hull of operating risks – i.e. improved risk management.
1903OFF35-37.indd 36 2/28/19 4:03 PM

Marginal field development example: FPSO Ocean Producer

offshore Angola. (Courtesy Endeavor Management)
NEXT STEPS Best Practices JIP is currently being offered to the industry.
With all these opportunities for improvement, the indus- Although the successful design and implementation of
try seems poised to capture FPSO best practices and apply an FPSO on a project is a result of a multitude of decisions
them to future projects. These best practices could lead to and tradeoffs for the operator, experience has proven that
FPSO industry standards. Having recognized this, Endeavor using lessons from past projects helps successful comple-
Management has organized a joint industry project to seek tion of current and future projects. Except for a few major
out the best practices for FPSO projects from those with operators and leased FPSO providers, FPSO projects do not
the experience to share with the industry. The goal of this come along very often for individual companies, and improv-
JIP is to define and organize the best practices across the ing performance is hard to do without some history from
participant group and give the participants access to indus- which to learn. Hopefully, the industry can both create and
try knowledge and thereby improve industry performance. apply FPSO Best Practices to create competitive projects. •
Endeavor has developed a three-stage process that will be
applied to this FPSO Best Practices JIP. THE AUTHOR
The first stage will gather JIP participant subject matter Jeff Dice, PE, PMP has 28 years of experience
experts (SMEs) to input their practices on the topics listed as project manager and structural engineer,
here. The second stage will have Endeavor expert advisors providing field development, project manage-
compile and delineate the practices for all topics and pres- ment, design assurance, structural analysis
ent back to participant SMEs for review. The third stage will and design, fabrication support, installation
be creation of a report across all topics in a form as will be management, planning/scheduling, and cost
useful for future participant use. Using this kind of in-depth estimation for FPSO and other offshore projects.
knowledge along with early engineering, operators can sig-
nificantly improve perform FPSO project outcome. This FPSO
1903OFF35-37.indd 37 2/28/19 4:03 PM

• PRODUCTION OPERATIONS
Eider bypass project extends lives of

North Sea fields
Production platform converted to new service role
NORTH SEA OPERATORS are striving to extend the lives (12,793 tons). The original plan called for seven production and
of their older facilities. TAQA’s Eider platform, installed in the seven water injection wells, with 10 spare well slots on the jacket
late 1980s, had reached the point where running costs were too in case further wells needed to be drilled through the heavily
high to justify continued tail-end production from Eider and faulted mid-Jurassic Brent Group reservoir.
further hosting of the Otter field subsea tieback. But by re-rout- Development also entailed extensive use of existing facilities
ing Otter’s oil and converting the platform to a new utility role, at the partners’ nearby Cormorant and Tern field platforms. So
the company has managed to defer full-scale decommissioning the Eider facility was designed for separating water from the
until well into the 2020s. production stream ( first-stage separation) with oil and gas
Shell and partner Esso discovered Eider in 1976 in block sent to North Cormorant for processing, while injection water
211/16 in the UK northern North Sea, in a water depth of 158 m would be imported from Tern. Eider’s produced gas was used
(518 ft). The fixed steel platform, built in Nigg, northeast Scot- for power at the platform, with surplus power and gas sent to
land, comprised an 18,670-metric ton (20,580-ton) jacket and North Cormorant. North Cormorant and Eider are connected
a 5,557-metric ton (6,125-ton) integrated deck – reportedly the via a 33-kV subsea cable allowing power sharing between the
first ever for a North Sea oil platform – supporting derrick, drill- two assets; generators on Eider and North Cormorant can gen-
ing and accommodation modules, a flare boom and helideck erate power from process gas or diesel.
totaling an overall dry topsides weight of 11,606 metric tons As Eider’s oil production started to decline, capacity became
Area map. (All images courtesy TAQA)
1903OFF38-40.indd 38 2/28/19 4:03 PM

PRODUCTION OPERATIONS •
available on the platform for a subsea tie-

back of the Otter oil field, 21 km (13 mi)
to the northwest, which operator Total
developed in the late 1990s via three oil
production wells fitted with dual electric
submersible pumps, with Tern provid-
ing injection water for reservoir support.
During the following decade, Shell, like
other major oil companies in the area,
decided to downsize in the UK North
Sea, and this led to Abu Dhabi National
Energy Company PJSC (TAQA) assum-
ing operatorship in 2008 of Eider, Cor-
morant Alpha, North Cormorant, Tern,
and associated subsea fields. In 2012 the
company negotiated a separate deal with
Total that gave it full ownership of Otter.
Between 2009 and 2017 TAQA reac-
tivated the Eider platform’s drilling rig, The new multi-phase pump designed and constructed by OneSubsea for the Otter field for
extended the accommodation, replaced the bypass project.
the water injection and production flow-
lines between Eider and Otter, and carried reserves of 6.6 MMbbl, lifting the total anticipated recovery to 87 MMbbl. “In fact
out obsolescence and maintenance proj- Eider’s production has been significantly better than estimated in the two FDPs,”
ects on the platform to ensure continued Gibson said, “with the field delivering 118 MMbbl from the latest resource estimate
economic and safe operation. “The facil- of 240 MMbbl, a recovery factor of around 49%.
ity remained essentially as it was installed “However, by late 2017 the well delivery rate was at a level where production was
with the addition of some further accom- uneconomic and the combined opex across North Cormorant, Eider, and Tern would
modation modules, through 2017,” said have rendered the entire area uneconomic if we had done nothing. In addition, there
Technical Director David Gibson. “Other were integrity issues with the water injection and production pipeline risers at Eider.
than maintenance and some obsoles- By fully bypassing Eider, TAQA calculated that the integrity threat could be fully mit-
cence changes, Otter system support or igated and opex reduced across the field.”
utilities have also remained as they were The project involved a series of measures including: P&A of all 18 Eider platform
when TAQA took over operatorship. wells, with removal of all conductors – completed January 2019; bypass of hydro-
“During the period to 2017, the com- carbon and water injection pipelines – completed September 2018; installation of a
pany completed well interventions and multiphase pump at Otter – completed September 2018; and flushing and purging
scale squeezes to maintain safe produc- of hydrocarbons and make-safe modifications on Eider – scheduled to be completed
tion on the Eider and Otter wells. Subsur- in April 2019.
face studies were carried out, but these Gibson explained: “The Eider platform was engineered to be remotely controlled
did not identify further economic infill via a microwave link from North Cormorant, although Shell’s goal of sustained fully
targets. On Otter, the company com- remote operation was not achieved. Under the bypass program only minor changes
missioned workovers to replace a failed were necessary to the control systems so that Otter could be controlled directly from
electric submersible pump and dive sup- North Cormorant. Otherwise, the remote control arrangement remains basically the
port vessel campaigns to rectify subsea same as in the original design.
infrastructure issues and production “There has been no need for structural strengthening on the Eider platform, and
was maintained through scale squeeze no equipment has been removed as yet. Maintenance has been significantly reduced
activities.” as the platform is fully isolated from wells and pipelines. However, structural inspec-
When Eider came onstream in Novem- tion will continue and any improvements to equipment performance arising from
ber 1988, estimated in-place oil, accord- advances in digital techniques will be applied to Eider, as it would to the rest of the area.
ing to the field development plan (FDP), “A very small crew remains, charged with maintaining the utility systems that pro-
was 204 MMbbl with targeted production vide power and utilities to Otter and power sharing for North Cormorant, enabling
over the life of the field of 85 MMbbl, a maintenance on that facility. We may also use Eider to demonstrate alternative removal
recovery factor of 42%. Shell later issued methods and will consider any re-use opportunities for the asset.”
an addendum to the FDP extending pro- In the platform’s new utility mode, Otter production continues and with the lat-
duction to the Eider West area, where ter’s recently installed multi-phase pumping system, output is now higher as the sys-
the target was 2 MMbbl from estimated tem enables concurrent production from all the field’s three oil wells. In addition,
1903OFF38-40.indd 39 2/28/19 4:03 PM

• PRODUCTION OPERATIONS
The Eider platform.
production reliability is increased and assured as the design life strategy of maximized economic recovery from its assets in
of the multiphase equipment is greater than that of the existing the UK northern North Sea. This is the company’s first use of
electric submersible pumps. MPP technology in the North Sea, and the investment not only
“As for North Cormorant,” Gibson said, “only minor changes extends the producing life of Otter, thereby helping to prolong
needed to be made to existing equipment in order for the plat- the life of the host North Cormorant platform, but also creates
form to receive and meter the multiphase fluids from Otter. On a window of opportunity for the company to pursue new devel-
Tern the water injection system was modified to provide pres- opment prospects at North Cormorant.
sure protection to the Otter flowline, a task that was previously Contractor OneSubsea performed design, testing, installation
handled from Eider.” and commissioning of the pump within 16 months, with the
Following the changes, TAQA expects the Eider platform total project management model fulfilling both parties’ goal of
to remain in utility mode into the next decade and for North improved execution efficiency. Project manager Derek Pullem
Cormorant to keep producing until at least 2024. However, the commented: “It was critical for us to perform the project when
company is keeping its options open for the area’s longer-term we did – and within the set timescales – to maintain the viabil-
future. “Cessation of production [CoP] of any asset is some- ity of the overall strategy. Delivery has been closely interlinked
thing that is reviewed on a regular basis,” Gibson explained. with other strands of the strategy to help us achieve our overall
“Within TAQA’s UK northern North Sea portfolio there remain production goals. If we’re to make the most of our aging assets
a number of opportunities that could bring greater value and/ that is the kind of creative approach we’ll need to take in future.”
or change the CoP date. These assets remain open to new busi- The program involved sustained support from TAQA’s off-
ness opportunities.” shore personnel and close working links between installation
contractor Subsea 7, Eider and North Cormorant during the
OTTER FIELD LIFE EXTENSION final phases. With three Otter wells producing simultaneously,
The start-up in late October last year of a multi-phase pump production from the Otter field has increased by around 3,000
(MPP) in the Otter field marked another milestone in TAQA’s b/d compared to levels in 2017. •
1903OFF38-40.indd 40 2/28/19 4:03 PM

SUBSEA •
Industry advances ROV and AUV

technologies
New subsea robotics maximize uptime
JESSICA STUMP, ASSISTANT EDITOR
AS THE OFFSHORE oil and gas industry recovers, demand according to the analyst’s World AUV Market Forecast 2018-
for remotely operated vehicles (ROV) autonomous underwater 2022. The benefits of using AUVs for field inspection go beyond
vehicles (AUV) increases. cost savings, said Westwood analyst Ian McDonald. They can
Global utilization of the available ROV fleet fell to 32% in 2017, increase operational safety, lessen the environmental impact
according to Westwood’s latest World ROV Operations Market of inspection operations, and reduce the number of personnel
Forecast. However, demand for both traditional oil and gas appli- needed at sea.
cations and new offshore support roles will assist a recovery in As operators look to sustain capital discipline, ROV and
ROV demand between 2019 and 2023. The analyst expects that AUV manufacturers are responding with new systems that
with upcoming attrition in the fleet and an improved demand maximize uptime.
outlook, utilization could return to 50% by 2023. Houston Mechatronics has introduced Aquanaut, a multi-pur-
As operators continue to move into deeper waters, West- pose subsea robot which employs a patented shape-shifting
wood anticipates a notable uptake in AUV utilization transformation from an AUV to an ROV. The vehicle, which
for oil and gas operations. More offshore operators look removes the need for vessels and tethers, is said to enable both
set to deploy AUVs for life of field inspection programs, the efficient collection of data over long distances as well as
manipulation of subsea objects at a lower cost than today’s
technology. As an AUV, the Aquanaut can cover up to
200 km (108 nautical mi) in one mission
and features vertical thrust con-
trol and an articulating
bow. The company
said it transforms
into an ROV with
four in-house
designed linear
actuators. The
hull separates in one
fluid motion, expos-
ing two more con-
trol thrusters,
The Aquanaut transforms

from an AUV to an ROV.
(Courtesy Houston
Mechatronics)
1903OFF41-43.indd 41 2/28/19 4:03 PM

MultiBooster | 6 MW for
Maximized Production
Qualified subsea boosting solution
250 bar pressure increase at 60% GVF
Enabler for deeper water and longer tie-backs
AkerSol_OSmaps_1903 1 2/18/19 10:58 AM Intecsea_OSmaps_1903 1
2019 WORLDWIDE SURVEY

SUBSEA SEPARATION SYSTEM TYPES: Fig. 2: TechnipFMC Conceptual SS Gas/Liquid Fig. 4: Saipem Multipipe Fig. 5: Aker Solutions subsea oil/water SUBSEA SEAWATER TREATMENT AND INJECTION
Separation & Boosting System for Pazflor (Prototype Tested 2-phase separation and injection, featuring 1st and
Gas/liquid Separation and 2nd stage separation, oil boosting and water Fig. 1: Aker Solutions’ Fig. 2: Conceptual Illustration Fig. 3: Subsea water injection
1. GRAVITY SEPARATION SYSTEMS
OF SUBSEA PROCESSING
Fig. 3: GE Subsea Separation and Produced Water Boosting System) injection pumps LiquidBooster™ Subsea Raw of Installation of Tyrihans integrated solution - Aker
Fig. 1: TechnipFMC Subsea Separation System for the Tordis Project. Reinjection System for Troll C Seawater Injection (SRSWI) SRSWI System Solutions LiquidBooster™
System for Statoil Tyrihans and NOV
STATUS OF COMPLEMENTARY TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS

M A R C H 2 0 19
Prepared By: John Morgan, Lee Thomas, Terry Wood, Matai Wilson,
Sriram Subramanian, Mac McKee, and Rebecca Roth of INTECSEA, Courtesy of Aker Solutions Courtesy of Aker Solutions NOV and Aker Solutions
E. Kurt Albaugh, Consulting Engineer & Volunteer Poster Editor, Courtesy of BHGE, a GE company Courtesy of Aker Solutions Fig. 4 & 5: Saipem-Veolia-Total Subsea Fig. 6: NOV’s Seabox™ subsea water treat-
Courtesy of Saipem Sulphate Removal Prototype - deep water ment module for disinfection and particle
and David Davis of Offshore Magazine tested at Alima FPU in Congo; whole system settlement for optimizing water injection.
industrialization is ongoing; unit capable of
Poster Assembled By: Chris Jones of Xenon Group, Inc. Courtesy of TechnipFMC Fig. 7: Saipem SpoolSep (Laboratory Tested 3-phase
treating and injecting up to 80 kbwpd
Separation and Produced Water Reinjection System)
E-Mail Comments, Correction or Additions to: ssp@intecsea.com Fig. 6: Aker Solutions’ Hi-Sep, a robust and flex-
Fig. 8: NOV Produced Water Separator – meeting
strict reservoir injection or discharge requirements
For Archived SS Processing Posters: http://www.offshore-mag.com/maps-posters.html Courtesy of TechnipFMC ible solution for CO2 separation and re-injection by gravity based produced water cleaning
For Educational Videos on SS Processing: http://www.offshore-mag.com/learning-center.html HORIZONTAL SEPARATOR - This type is more efficient for oil/water separation. An example is the horizontal
separator for the Tordis Project shown in Fig. 1 above.
VERTICAL SEPARATOR – This type is more efficient for gas/liquid separation. The liquid keeps a fluid blanket on
the pump and reduces potential pump cavitation. An example is the Pazflor vertical separator shown in Fig. 2.
Courtesy of Saipem Courtesy of NOV

2. CAISSON SEPARATION Fig. 10: Caisson Separation/ Fig. 11: TechnipFMC
ESP Boosting System Vertical Access Caisson Fig. 8: NOV’s
M A G A Z I N E SYSTEMS INSTALLED with ESP Boosting Courtesy of Aker Solutions Courtesy of Saipem Courtesy of NOV Fig. 7: BHGE conceptual SWIT™ subsea
Subsea Sulphate Removal water treatment
< 100m INTO SEABED (Gas/ Liquid Separation &
Boosting System) and Injection System, built on technology for
INTECSEA, Inc. Offshore Magazine 3. COMPACT/DYNAMIC SEPARATION SYSTEMS Fig. 15: ExxonMobil’s SS Compact Separation,
a combination of ultra-and tailored water
nano-filtration technologies, quality at seabed
575 North Dairy Ashford St 1455 West Loop South, Suite 400 Fig. 12: OneSubsea Conceptual Fig. 13: OneSubsea Conceptual Fig. 14: TechnipFMC 3-Phase Separation Boosting, and Produced WI System Using scalable to any capacity for IOR / EOR.
Two-Phase Separation System Three-Phase Separation System System with Produced WI Using In-Line Multiple Technologies for 3-Phase Separation Courtesy of NOV
Houston, TX 77079 USA Houston, TX 77027 USA Separation Technology for the Marlim Project plus Sand
Fig. 9: Centrifugal Subsea Submersible
Tel: 281-987-0800 Tel: 713-621-9720 Pump (BCSS)
Fig. 10: OneSubsea’s Test-
ing of the Albacora Raw
www.intecsea.com www.offshore-mag.com Seawater Injection System
during SIT of Pump and
Filtration System
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF THE CONTRIBUTORS
INTECSEA and Offshore Magazine wish to acknowledge the following companies and individuals who continue to support our efforts to educate and
inform the oil & gas industry on the status of subsea processing technologies and systems:
Courtesy of BHGE, a GE company
ABB: Rita-Wei Fu, Tor-Eivind Moen; ABS: Smarty John, Jessie Lin, Meng-Lung Liu, Hao Song; Aker Solutions: Marco Gabelloni, Jonah Margulis, Kate Winterton; Equinor: Ole Økland;
FSubsea: Alexander Fuglesang; Baker Hughes, a GE company: Alisdair McDonald; ITP InterPipe: Géraldine Salque, Wayne Grobbelaar; ITT Bornemann: Stefan Ladig; Leistritz: George
Tarry; MAN Diesel & Turbo: Roberto Rubichi, Domingo Fernandez, Claudine Bargetzi; Nexans: Angéline Afanoukoe; NOV: Grace Bull, Eirik Dirdal, Wouter Van Korven; OneSubsea: Thomas Fig. 9: OneSubsea Raw Seawater
Kajander, Phillip Luce, Grant Harris, Lisa Ann Hofmann; Saipem: Alessandro Radicioni, Stephanie Abrand, Chiesa Giovanni, Casotto Marco, Astrid Engesland; Schneider Electric: Kristina Hakala; Courtesy of TechnipFMC Courtesy of OneSubsea Courtesy of OneSubsea
Injection System being installed
Shell: Chris Shaw; Siemens: Richard Barratt, Kim Smith; Subsea 7: Michael Firmian, Guy Mencarelli, Sigbjorn Daasvatn, Martin Goodlad; Sulzer: Mika Tienhaara; TechnipFMC: Janardhan for Columbia E Field
Courtesy of Aker Solutions Courtesy of BHGE, a GE company Figs. 2 & 3: Courtesy of OneSubsea
Courtesy Courtesy of OneSubsea
of TechnipFMC CourtesyCourtesy
of OneSubsea
of ExxonMobil Courtesy of Aker Solutions
Davalath; Teledyne: Justin Kretschmar; Voith: Thomas Taeuber Courtesy of OneSubsea Courtesy of OneSubsea
POSTER COLOR CODE KEY INDUSTRY GUIDELINES FOR SUBSEA PROCESSING – EXISTING & PENDING TABLE 1 – 2019 WORLDWIDE SURVEY OF SUBSEA GAS COMPRESSION & PROCESSING , BOOSTING, WATER INJECTION AND SEPARATIONS (AS OF FEB., 2019), See Notes: (1) & (2)
The poster is divided into distinct sections and 1. API 17X – API 17X is expected to have a re-ballot in 2019. Possible release in late 2019 or early 2020.
CURRENT STATUS
2. The DNV Subsea Processing Guideline is planned to be published in 2019.
TOTAL POWER
each section is marked by a background color. The
GAS VOLUME
PROCESSING
UNIT POWER
DISCIPLINE
FRACTION
color denotes the type of technology presented in 3. ABS Guide for Classification and Certification of Subsea Production Systems, Equipment and Components with new
DEMAND
(GVF) (5)
COUNT
the section. This color code is carried throughout subsection on boosting systems, to be published in 2019. FIELD OR PROJECT CURRENT OWNER/ REGION/ WATER TIEBACK SYSTEM FLOW RATE DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEM NO. OF
COMMENTS
(3)
the poster. Below are the color code designations 4. ABS’s “Subsea Processing System Advisory”, Updated in August, 2018. Document can be downloaded as a PDF from: (Ordered by Start Date) FIELD OPERATOR BASINS DEPTH DISTANCE (@LINE CONDITIONS) PRESSURE PACKAGER PUMPS UNITS
for each of the seven themes. https://ww2.eagle.org/content/dam/eagle/advisories-and-debriefs/sprs-advisory-2018.pdf.
5. ABS Subsea Inspection, Maintenance and Repair Advisory, to be published in 2019.
Full Wellstream Subsea Boosting
COMPANY Meters Feet Km Miles M3/Hr. (37) MBOPD BAR (4) PSI (4) MW MW % OF VOL. COMPANY PUMPS or COMP
MBWPD
Subsea Separation
SUBSEA GAS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES 1 DEMO 2000 A Equinor K-Lab Test Equinor Offshore Norway 3.60 n/a OneSubsea
Subsea Gas Compression
FOR LONG DISTANCE TIEBACKS 2 Ormen Lange Gas Compression Pilot A Testing 1 train @ Nyhamna, Norway Norske Shell Offshore Norway 10 33 0.0 0.0 25,000 3,776 60.0 870 12.50 58.00 n/a Aker Solutions 1
PROCESSING (36)
COMPRESSION &
Water Injection with Subsea Pumps 3 Åsgard - Midgard & Mikkel Fields (7) O Subsea Gas Compression Equinor (18) Offshore Norway 300 984 40.0 25.0 20,000 3,021 50.0 725 11.50 24.40 n/a Aker Solutions (11) 2+1 Spare +1
SUBSEA GAS
GRAPH 8 – TIEBACK DISTANCE VS. WATER DEPTH FOR SUBSEA GAS PROCESSING OPTIONS 4 Gullfaks South Brent (25) O Subsea Multi-Phase Gas Compression Equinor (18) Offshore Norway 135 443 15.5 9.7 9,600 1,450 30.0 435 5.00 10.00 95% OneSubsea (10) 2+1 Spare
Subsea Active Heating 0m
0 (ft)
5 Ormen Lange Gas Compression Phase 3 (28) C Subsea Gas Compression Norske Shell Offshore Norway 860 2,822 120.0 75.0 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD n/a TBD 2
Power Transmission/Distribution and Controls PDG 6 Peon (35) P/H Subsea Gas Compression Equinor Offshore Norway 385 1,263 TBD TBD TBD TBD
500
Water Depth m/(ft)
1,640
WGC 7 Snohvit C Subsea Gas Compression Equinor Barents Sea 345 1,132 143.0 89.4 TBD n/a TBD
Miscellaneous Information/Combination of Technologies DGC DGC - Dry Gas Compression
1,000 8 Åsgard Phase 2 C Subsea Gas Compression Equinor (18) Offshore Norway 300 984 40.0 25.0 12,000 60.0 11.50 24.40 n/a TBD 2+1 Spare +1
3,280 9 Jansz-Io Subsea Compression Project C Subsea Gas Compression Chevron W. Australia 1,350 4,429 143.0 89.4 Aker Solutions
1,500 10 Multiple Stranded Gas Fields C Pseudo Dry Gas System / OGTC (38) OGA / Various UK, North of Shetland 1,650 5,413 200 124 15,000 2,250 70-90 1,015-1,305 0.3/0.05 0.35 95% TBD 4 mini & (1main+1sp
TABLE 3 – ACRONYMS & 4,920
WGC - Wet Gas Compression 1 Prezioso A MPP at Base of Platform ENI Italy 50 164 0.0 0.0 65.0 10 40.0 580 0.15 30-90% Saipem 1
ABBREVIATIONS 2,000
6,560 PDG - Pseudo Dry Gas 2 Draugen Field A Hydraulic Drive MPP (17) Norske Shell Offshore Norway 270 886 4.0 2.5 193.0 29 50.0 725 0.75 42% OneSubsea 1 + 1 Spare
AC Alternating Current 2,500 3 Lufeng 22/1 Field A Tieback to FPSO Equinor South China Sea 330 1,083 1.0 0.6 675.0 102 35.0 508 0.40 3% OneSubsea / TechnipFMC 5+2 Spare
ASD Adjustable Speed Drive 8,200
4 Machar Field (ETAP Project) A Hydraulic Drive MPP BP UK North Sea 85 277 35.2 21.9 1,100.0 166 22.0 319 0.65 64% OneSubsea 2+1 Spare
BCSS Centrifugal Subsea Submersible Pumps 3,000
9,840 5 Topacio Field O 1 x Dual MPP System ExxonMobil Equatorial Guinea 550 1,805 8.0 5.0 940.0 142 35.0 508 0.86 75% OneSubsea 2+1 Spare
BPD Barrels per Day 0 (km) 100 125 150 175 200
0 (mi) 62.1 (mi) 77.7 (mi) 93.2 (mi) 108.7 (mi) 124.3 (mi) 6 Ceiba C3 + C4 O Phase 1 SS MPP Project Triton Energy (HESS) Equatorial Guinea 750 2,461 7.0 4.3 600.0 91 45.0 653 0.85 75% OneSubsea 2+1 Spare
BOPD Barrels of Oil per Day
BWPD Barrels of Water per Day Tieback Distance km/(miles) COURTESY OF 7 Jubarte EWT A Riser lift to Seillean drillship Petrobras Espirito Santo Basin 1,400 4,593 1.4 0.9 145.0 22 140.0 2,000 0.70 22% TechnipFMC 1
8 Ceiba Field (FFD) O Full Field Development (FFD) Triton Energy (HESS) Equatorial Guinea 700 2,297 14.5 9.0 2,500.0 378 40.0 580 1.20 75% OneSubsea 6+ 2 Spare
CAPEXCapital Expenditure
DC Direct Current
9 Mutineer / Exeter O 2 x Single MPP Systems Santos NW Shelf, Australia 145 476 7.0 4.3 1,200.0 181 30.0 435 1.10 0-40% OneSubsea 2 MPP
GRAPH 9 – GVF VS. DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE FOR SUBSEA GAS PROCESSING OPTIONS 10 Lyell (Original Install) A SS Tieback to Ninian South CNR UK North Sea 146 479 15.0 9.3 1,100.0 166 18.0 261 1.60 40-70% Aker Solutions 1
DEH Direct Electrical Heating 120
Differential Pressure (Bar)
DGC Dry Gas Compression 11 Navajo I, N ESP in Flowline Riser Anadarko US GOM 1,110 3,642 7.2 4.5 24.0 4 40.2 583 0.75 57% Baker Hughes 1
EFL Electrical Flying Lead PDG 12 Jubarte Field - Phase 1 A Seabed ESP-MOBO, Uses BCSS (14) Petrobras Espirito Santo Basin 1,350 4,429 4.0 2.5 120.0 18 138.0 2,002 0.90 10-40% TechnipFMC 1
100 WGC
EHTF Electrical Heat Traced Flowline 13 Brenda & Nicol Fields O MultiManifold with 1 MPP Premier Oil UK North Sea 145 476 8.5 5.3 800.0 121 19.0 276 1.10 75% OneSubsea 1+1 Spare
DGC PDG - Pseudo Dry Gas
King (8)
(NOTE 1. SEABED & RISER ONLY, NOTE 2. EXCLUDES DOWNHOLE ESPs)
ESP Electrical Submersible Pump 80 14 A SS Tieback to Marlin TLP Anadarko US GOM 1,700 5,578 29.0 18.0 496.5 75 50.0 725 1.30 0-95% Aker Solutions 2+1 Spare
ETH Electrical Trace Heating 15 Vincent O Dual MPP System Woodside NW Shelf, Australia 475 1,558 3.0 1.9 2,400.0 363 42.0 609 1.80 25-70% OneSubsea 2+2 Spare
FFD Full Field Development 60 16 Marlim A SBMS-500 SS Field Test Petrobras Campos Basin 1,900 6,234 3.1 1.9 500.0 75 60.0 870 1.20 0-100% Curtiss-Wright 1
FULL WELLSTREAM SUBSEA BOOSTING
FPS Floating Production System 17 Golfinho Field BCSS O Seabed ESP-MOBO, Uses BCSS (14) Petrobras Espirito Santo Basin 1,500 4,922 11.0 6.8 146.0 22 138.0 2,002 1.20 10-40% TechnipFMC (33) 2
FPSO Floating, Production, Storage & Offloading 40 18 Azurite Field A Dual MPP System Murphy Oil Congo, W. Africa 1,338 4,390 3.0 1.9 350.0 53 41.0 595 0.85 28% OneSubsea 2+1 Spare
FPU Floating Production Unit DGC - Dry Gas Compression
20 19 Golfinho Field Caissons O MOBO BCSS (ESP) Caissons (14) Petrobras Espirito Santo Basin 1,500 4,922 5.0 3.1 146.0 22 138.0 2,002 1.20 10-40% Aker Solutions 2
GLR Gas Liquid Ratio WGC - Wet Gas Compression 20 Espadarte (Field Trial) A Horizontal ESP on Skid Petrobras Brazil 1,350 4,429 11.5 7.1 125.0 19 100.0 1,450 0.90 10-40% TechnipFMC 2
GVF Gas Volume Fraction 0 21 Parque Das Conchas (BC 10) Phase 1 (20) O Caisson / Artifical Non-Separated Shell Campos Basin 2,150 7,054 9.0 5.6 185.0 28 152 2,205 1.10 40% TechnipFMC 2
HPHT High Pressure/High Temperature
80 85 90 95 100 22 Parque Das Conchas (BC-10) Phase 2 O 2 additional ESP systems Shell Campos Basin 2,150 7,054 9.0 5.6 185.0 28 152 2,205 1.10 40% TechnipFMC 2
HSP Hydraulic Submersible Pump
HV High Voltage
GVF (%) COURTESY OF 23 Parque Das Conchas (BC-10) MPP Repl. O Replacement MPP system Shell Campos Basin 2,150 7,054 9.0 5.6 185.0 28 1.50 70% TechnipFMC 1
IPB Integrated Production Bundle

24 Jubarte Field - Phase 2 O Tieback to FPSO P-57, Uses BCSS (14) (22) Petrobras Espirito Santo Basin 1,400 4,593 8.0 5.0 1,325.0 200 200 3,000 1.20 30-40% Aker Solutions 15
IOR Improved (Increased) Oil Recovery Fig. 1: Pseudo Dry Gas (PDG) Inline Liquid Removal Unit. 25 Cascade & Chinook I, N Skid BCSS - Horizontal ESP on Skid (6) Petrobras US GOM 2,484 8,150 8.0 5.0 135.0 20 220.0 3,191 1.10 10% TechnipFMC 4+2 Spare
kW Kilowatt 26 Barracuda O SS MP High Boost Pump System (30) Petrobras Campos Basin 1,040 3,412 10.5 6.5 280.0 42 70.0 1,015 1.50 35-60% OneSubsea 1
COURTESY OF
Km Kilometer 27 Montanazo & Lubina O Single MPP System Repsol Mediterranean 740 2,428 12.3 7.6 80.0 12 65.0 943 0.23 10% OneSubsea 1 + 1 Spare
MBLPDThousand Barrels of Liquid Per Day 28 Schiehallion I, N 2 x Dual MPP Systems BP UK, West of Shetland 400 1,312 4.0 2.5 2,700.0 408 26.0 377 1.80 74% GE / OneSubsea 4+0 Spare
MCP Modular Compact Pump 29 CLOV (19) O Subsea MPP System Total Angola, Blk 17 1,170 3,839 11.0 6.8 660.0 100 45.0 652 2.30 50% OneSubsea 2+1 Spare
MPP Multiphase Pump 30 Jack & St. Malo O 3 x Single SPP Systems (JSM) Chevron US GOM 2,134 7,000 21.0 13.0 1,191.0 180 241.3 3,500 3.00 10% OneSubsea 3+2 Spare
MW Mega Watts 31 Lyell Retrofit O MPP Retrofit System - Tieback to Ninian CNR UK North Sea 145 476 7.0 4.3 700.0 106 21.0 305 1.00 97% OneSubsea 1
OPEX Operational Expenditures 32 Rosa / Girassol (24) O Field Expansion Project Total Angola, Blk 17 1,350 4,429 18.0 11.2 600.0 91 130.0 1,885 2.50 20-50% OneSubsea 4+2 Spare
O/W Oil and Water 33 Draugen Field (Infill Program) O 2 x Dual MPP Station OKEA Offshore Norway 268 879 4.0 2.5 1,710.0 253 47.5 689 2.30 10-31% OneSubsea 2
PCM Power Control Module 34 Julia O SS Tieback with Dual SPP Systems ExxonMobil US GOM 2,287 7,500 27.2 17.0 331 50 175.0 2,550 3.00 10% OneSubsea 2
PDG Pseudo Dry Gas 35 Moho Phase 1bis O Brownfield Tieback to Alima FPU Total Congo, W. Africa 650 2,133 6.7 4.0 400 60 133.5 1,935 3.50 49% OneSubsea 2
PIP Pipe-in-Pipe 36 Stones O Single Phase HPHT Pump System Shell US GOM 2,927 9,600 5.0 3.1 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD <10% OneSubsea 2 +1 Spare
PWRI Produced Water Reinjection
37 Appomattox C MPP in future Phases Shell US GOM 2,222 7,290
RWI Raw Water Injection
38 Parque Das Baleias O Horizontal ESP on Skid Petrobras Espirito Santo Basin 1,500 4,922 10.0 6.2 125.0 19 140 2,058 1.20 10-25% TechnipFMC 5 +1 Spare
SIT System Integration Test
39 Greater Enfield O Dual MPP System Woodside W. Australia 850 2,788 32.0 20.0 959.0 145 110.0 1,595 2.60 5.20 81% OneSubsea 2+1 Spare
SMUBSShell Multiphase Underwater Boost Station
SPP Single Phase Pump
40 Dalmatian O Single MPP System SS Tieback to Petronius Murphy E & P Co. US GOM 1,779 5,837 35.0 22.0 231.0 35 150.0 2,176 2.20 2.20 65% OneSubsea (34) 1+1 Spare
SRSWISubsea Raw Seawater Injection 41 Otter Field O MPP System SS Tieback to N. Cormorant Platform TAQA Bratani UK North Sea 184 603 22.0 13.7 853.0 129 48.0 696 2.00 2.00 75% OneSubea 1+1 Spare
SS Subsea Fig. 2: Field Architecture Locations of Pseudo Dry Gas (PDG) Inline Liquid Removal Units. 42 Vandumbu Field (36) O Dual MPP Pump Station ENI Angola Block 15/06 1,225 4,019 3.0 1.9 430.0 65 190 2,755 3.20 5.00 70% TechnipFMC 2+1 Spare
SSP Subsea Processing 43 Vigdis M Subsea Boosting of existing wells OØK - Equinor Offshore Norway 292 958 6.5 4.1 1,500.0 50.0 725 3.20 3.20 20-40% OneSubsea 1+1 spare
COURTESY OF
SSPU Subsea Separation and Pumping Unit Subsea 44 Who Dat M Subsea Boosting LLOG US GOM - MC 503 943 3,094 5.6 3.5 370.0 25 151.7 2,200 2.20 2.60 50-76% TechnipFMC 1
SUBSIS
Subsea Separation and Injection System Manifold 45 Jack & St. Malo MPP M MPP for Stage IV Chevron US GOM 2,134 7,000 21.0 13.0 207.0 3,000 3.80 OneSubsea 3+2 Spare
TLP Tension Leg Platform M1 1
46 Lufeng 22/1 Fields (37) C Subsea Boosting CNOOC Ltd. China, Lufeng Fields
TSP Twin Screw Pump 1 Troll C Pilot (15) A SUBSIS (SS Sep. and WI Sys.) Equinor Offshore Norway 340 1,116 3.5 2.2 250.0 38 151.0 2,190 1.60 0% GE / OneSubsea 1+1 Spare
A Liquid
INJECTION
TRL Technology Readiness Level 2 Columba E. I, N Dual SPP System CNR Northern North Sea 145 476 7.0 4.3 331.0 50 305.0 4,424 2.30 0% OneSubsea 2+0 Spare
SUBSEA
Removal Unit Gas Flowline

WATER
VASPSVertical Annular Separation and Pumping 3 Tyrihans A 3 SPP & SS RWI Filtration System Equinor Offshore Norway 270 886 31.0 19.3 583.0 88 205.0 2,973 2.70 0% FMC/Aker Solutions 2+1 Spare
System SS Tree (XT)
M2 2 3 4 Gas 4 Albacora L'Este Field (31) O Raw Water Injection to 7 Wells Petrobras Campos Basin, Brazil 400 1,312 4 to 9 2.5-6.0 1125 170 85 1,233 1.2 0% OneSubsea 3+1 Spare
VSD Variable Speed Drive Treatment 5 Ekofisk Seabox Pilot (R&D) (39) O Subsea Water Treatment, lifted topside for injection ConocoPhillips Offshore Norway 78 256 0.0 0.0 267 40 250 3,626 0% ConocoPhillips / NOV 1
WD Water Depth B C D
Facility
WGC Wet Gas Compression
1 Zakum A Shallow Water Test Separation System BP Offshore Abu Dhabi 24 79
Liquid Pipeline P1
2 Highlander Field (32) A SS Separator/Slug Catcher Repsol Sinopec (27) UK North Sea 420 1,378
WI Water Injection Booster Pump
3 Argyll A SS Sep. and Pumping Unit (SSPU) Hamilton Bros UK North Sea 80 262
SUBSEA SEPARATION
XFMR Transformer Tie-in point

4 Marimba Field I, N VASPS Field Test (21) Petrobras Campos Basin 395 1,296 1.7 1.1 60.0 9 52.0 754 0.3 OneSubsea 1
Note: Booster pump (P1) and single phase mini-pumps within each Liquid Removal Unit are proposed to be FSubsea Pumps with integrated 5 Troll C Pilot (15) A Horizontal SUBSIS (SS Sep. & WI Sys.) (23) Equinor Offshore Norway 340 1,116 3.5 2.2 250.0 38 151.0 2,190 1.60 0% GE / OneSubsea 1+1 Spare
Voith Torque Converter. See Green Section titled: “Game Changing Subsea Boosting Technology”. 6 Tordis (13) O Separation, MPP Equinor Offshore Norway 210 689 11.0 6.8 1,500.0 227 27.0 392 2.30 10-68% TechnipFMC 1+1 Spare
Information Accuracy: We have attempted to use 7 Parque Das Conchas (BC 10) Phase 1 O Separation Caisson / Artifical Lift Manifold Shell Campos Basin 2,150 7,054 25.0 15.6 185.0 28 152.0 2,205 1.10 15% TechnipFMC 4
correct and current, as of press time, information for the Fig. 3: Pseudo Dry Gas (PDG) Process Flow Diagram
subsea processing systems and equipment described
8 Perdido O Caisson Separation and Boosting (29) Shell US GOM 2,438 7,999 0.0 0.0 132-264 20 - 40 158.8 2,303 1.20 15% TechnipFMC 5
herein. No installed, sanctioned, or pending application 9 Pazflor O 3 Gas/Liquid Vertical Separation System Total Angola, Blk 17 800 2,625 4.0 2.5 1,800.0 272 105.0 1,523 2.30 <16% TechnipFMC 6+2 Spare
was intentionally excluded. We have summarized the Production Umbilical 10 Marlim SSAO - Pilot O In-Line Separation Petrobras Campos Basin 878 2,881 3.8 2.4 135.0 20 245 3,553 1.9 67% TechnipFMC 1
capability and operating experience by acting as a neutral Multiphase XT XT
party and integrator of information. Information has Liquid Removal Flowline 11 Parque Das Conchas (BC 10) Phase 2 M 2 additional ESP systems Shell Campos Basin 2,150 7,054 25.0 15.6 185.0 28 152.0 2,205 1.10 15% TechnipFMC 2
Unit Inline Skid
been collected from public sources, company brochures, Gas Gas Flowline 12 Congro & Corvina (26) CP VASPS w/Horizontal ESP Petrobras Campos Basin 280 919 8.0 5.0 135.0 20 21 305 0.4 <10% TechnipFMC 1
personal interviews, phone interviews, press releases, Treatment SS Manifold SUTA
CURRENT STATUS CATEGORIES NOTES: 1. Qualification Status Warning - The qualification status information shown in this achieved 50,000 operating hours with nearly 100% availability as of Dec. 2018. holes in the seabed, 200m from producing wells. MOBO - Modulo de Bombas and Argonauta B-West. Argonauta O-North to be added in Phase 2. Awarded to FMC 26. Congro & Corvina SS Separation/Boosting Project - Thi
industry magazines, vendor-supplied information, and Facility table, and throughout the poster, are based on unverified claims from equipment 8. King Field MPP are off line. There are no indications that Anadarko will reactivate (Pumping Module). but installed by Subsea 7. Petrobras has determined commercially of the fields is n
web sites. No guarantee is made that information is XT XT C Conceptual Project (Per Public Domain) suppliers and field operators. These qualification status designations are not these pumps in the near future. 15. Troll C Pilot: Abandoned and not in operation. Separation began on Aug. 25, 2001. 21. Marimba VASPS - 2000 - First installation in Marimba (JIP Petrobras / Eni-Agip/ 27. Repsol Sinopec - full Operator name is REPSOL SINOPEC
accurate or all-inclusive. Neither INTECSEA nor Offshore necessarily derived using technology readiness level (TRL) assessments per API RP 9. Nuovo Pignone SpA is a subsidiary of GE (General Electric). See 2010 OTC paper 20619, page 10 for Operational experience. ExxonMobil, 2001 - Startup and Operation (July to Dec.) until ESP failure, 2002 End of Repsol acquired the field through the Talisman acquisitio
Mini Pump Q Qualified/Testing 17Q, DNV-RP-A203, or ABS Guidance Notes on Qualifying New Technologies. 10. Gullfaks - 2016 OTC Paper 27224 by OneSubsea provides an overview of the 16. Mutineer/Exeter Projects: Manufacturers are: OneSubsea and Centrilift. There are 2 JIP, By-pass production, 2003 - Workover Plan (IWP), 2004 - Workover and Re-start 28. Ormen Lange Gas Compression 2 - Currently Norske She
Magazine guarantees or assumes any responsibility Power <45 kW M Awarded and in Manufacturing or Delivered 2. Pumping & Boosting: The terms “Pumping” and “Boosting” are used interchangeably Technology Qualification Program (TQP) completed for Statoil’s Gullfaks Subsea ESPs per well feeding 1 x OneSubsea MPP per asset on seafloor. on May 8, 2004. From 2005 until 2008 VASPS operated well until well failure. design, remove unnecessary redundancy, module size, an
Symbol Key
or liability for any party’s (See Note 1.) throughout this poster and in the industry. Compression (GSC) project. 17. Draugen MPP - This was the world's first Multiphase Subsea Pump which was 22. Jubarte Field (Phase 2) - Phased installations from 2010 through 2015. Wells were 29. Peridido - Cassion for separation is 350 feet long drilled
O Installed & Currently Operating
©2019 Offshore
Liquid Flowline 3. Unit Motor Power: Is the unit motor power for either a pump or compressor assembly. 11. Åsgard Project: See 2016 OTC Paper # 27197 by Anders Storstenvik of Aker installed in 1993. It ran successfully from 1995 for 12 Months (1,000 hours) and was connected to the FPSO P-57. All wells will have gas-lift as a backup. OTC paper 21716.
POSTER
use of the information Pump
134
4. Differential Pressure values are for individual boosting units. Solutions. decommissioned and abandoned due to change in water injection strategy. 23. SUBSIS - The world's longest operating subsea separation system and first subsea 30. Barracuda - is the first installation of the high boost MPP
presented. If any information Liquid Removal Unit I,N Installed & Not Currently Operating or In-Active 5. GVF = Gas Volume Fraction at inlet of a boosting assembly. 12. START: Month & Year indicates first month and year of operation for the SS 18. Equinor (formerly Statoil) - See 2016 OTC Paper 27201 by by Rune Ramberg & water injection pump system. Abandoned and not in operation. 24217 for addition infomation about the MPP.
is found to be incorrect, not Booster Pump A Abandoned, Removed 6. Cascade & Chinook - Utilizes horizontal ESPs on a skid above mudline. It is an processing system. other for Statoil’s research leading up to the Subsea Factory Compressor Stations. It 24. Rosa/Girassol development project includes the Rosa field with 4 SS boosting 31. Albacora Field - Reference 2013 OTC paper 24167.
Power <300 kW XT Subsea Tree
current, or has been omitted, alternative ESP boosting configuration to caisson in the seabed. This technology is 13. Tordis Field: SS Separation, 1+1 Spare Multiphase Boosting Pumps for production, highlights Statoil’s future vision. pumps. 1st set operational in Sept., 2015 & 2nd set operational in April, 2016. 32. Highlander Field - SS Tieback to the Tartan Field which h
CP Canceled Project designed to cover the low GVF and high DeltaP multiphase flow. Single phase pumps for produced water from subsea separator transported to 19. CLOV - Two (2) MPPs are on the sea floor since Dec. 2015. The seabed MP boosting 25. Gullfaks South Brent - was shut down in Nov. 2015. The root cause has been identified catcher installed for the tie-in to the Tartan Platform. See
please send comments to COURTESY OF 7. Åsgard is the longest subsea tieback in the world with SS gas compression. MAN Gullfaks C for further processing. pumps will boost flow from 4 fields which are: Cravo, Lirio, Orquidea and Violeta. as “AC corrosion in the umbilicals that led to the leakage, ruling out any fault with the MS, 1987 SPE #13970-PA, 1987 SPE #16532-MS
ssp@intecsea.com. Note 1: The liquid (condensate) flowline could be part of the umbilical if project specifics allow. P/H Postponed or On Hold Energy Solutions’ first subsea compression trains at Equinor’s Åsgard field have 14. BCSS - Centrifugal Subsea Submersible Pumps: Pumps are placed in protective 20. Parque Das Conchas (BC 10) Phase 1 - Composed of 3 reservoirs: Ostra, Abalone compressors” according to a Statoil spokesman. Gas compressors started in Aug., 2017. 33. Petrobras changed ESP supplier from Baker Hughes to S
SUBSEA GAS COMPRESSION SYSTEMS Fig. 3: SS Compression Station 2.0 concept

compared to Åsgard SS Compression
Fig. 5: Åsgard Subsea Compression Module
Fig. 6: Åsgard Compressor
module before starting
CHART 1 – SUBSEA SUPPLIER MATRIX (As of Feb., 2019) SUBSEA PROCESSING
Fig. 1: Ormen Lange Compression Station Test Fig. 2: TechnipFMC Conceptual 2-Train Dry Gas installation
Compression Station with Replaceable Modules SUBSEA SUBSEA SEAWATER SUBSEA SUBSEA GAS SUBSEA PARTNERSHIPS /
HV & CONTROL
BOOSTING TREATMENT & SEPARATION COMPRESSION ACTIVE ALLIANCES /
AC/DC POWER SYSTEMS
INJECTION (2) SYSTEMS HEATING (11) COLLABORATIONS
PUMP ELECTRIC POWER ASDS/VSDS, HV AKER SOLUTIO

SYSTEM PUMP MOTOR SUBSEA TORQUE AKER SOLUTIONS AKER SOLUTIONS (1) COMPRESSION COMPRESSORS ABB Aker Solutions/ UMBILICALS X-FORMERS PENETRATORS akersolutions.c
MANUFACTURERS CONVERTER akersolutions.com akersolutions.com SYSTEM abb.com
ABB Alliance (14) CABLES CONNECTORS
PACKAGERS MANUFACTURERS akersolutions.com & SWITCHGEAR
abb.com
BAKER HUGHE
AKER SOLUTIONS AKER SOLUTIONS AKER SOLUTIONS VOITH (17) BAKER HUGHES BAKER HUGHES AKER SOLUTIONS (1) AKER SOLUTIONS ABB AKER SOLUTIONS AKER SOLUTIONS ABB (14) ALSTOM BENESTAD (7) a GE compan
Aker Solutions/
Courtesy of Aker Solutions akersolutions.com akersolutions.com akersolutions.com voith.com
a GE company a GE company
akersolutions.com akersolutions.com MAN Diesel & Turbo Alliance abb.com akersolutions.com akersolutions.com abb.com alstom.com benestad.com
geoilandgas.co
geoilandgas.com geoilandgas.com
akersolutions.com
Fig. 4: NOV Passive Cooler – Field proven BAKER HUGHES BAKER HUGHES BAKER HUGHES
mandieselturbo.com TechnipFMC
Curtiss-Wright ONESUBSEA (12) ONESUBSEA HEAT TRACE LTD. ALCATEL BICC BERCA CORTLAND AKER SOLUTIONS (14) DEUTSCH (4) DEUTSCH (4) fmctechnologies
technology lowering production temperature Courtesy of Aker Solutions
a GE company
geoilandgas.com
a GE company
geoilandgas.com curtisswright.com onesubsea.com onesubsea.com
a GE company
geoilandgas.com heat-trace.com
Aker Solutions/
Saipem Alliance
alcatel-lucent.com biccberca.com cortlandandcompany.com akersolutions.com te.com te.com
(complimentary to compression) akersolutions.com
Courtesy of Aker Solutions Fig. 10: BHGE Conceptual Fig. 11: BlueC saipem.com
BAKER HUGHES
ONESUBSEA (1
Courtesy of Statoil ONESUBSEA ClydeUnion (SPX FLOW) FLOWSERVE SAIPEM SAIPEM ONESUBSEA (12) NEXANS BRUGG FURUKAWA DRAKA
a GE company
DIAMOULD (8) DIAMOULD (8) onesubsea.co
Courtesy of TechnipFMC Wet Gas Compression Compressor onesubsea.com spxflow.com flowserve.com saipem.com saipem.com onesubsea.com nexans.com FSubsea/Voith bruggcables.com furukawa.co.jp draka.com
geoilandgas.com
diamould.com diamould.com
Collaboration (17)
Fig. 7: OneSubsea Multiphase Compressor Fig. 8: Subsea HOFIM™ Compressor by MAN System (12.5 MW ) Saipem & Curtiss-Wright (18) BAKER HUGHES SAIPEM/VEOLIA (16)
fsubsea.com
voith.com BAKER HUGHES BAKER HUGHES
SCHNEIDER ELEC
FLOWSERVE Sulzer Chemtech (9) TechnipFMC SAIPEM HITACHI JDR JDR ONESUBSEA (12) schneider-electric
Units for GullfaksField Diesel & Turbo for Åsgard Fig. 12: Pseudo Dry Gas (PDG) unit saipem.com
curtiss-wright.com flowserve.com
a GE company
bakerhughes.com
saipem.com
veolia.com sulzer.com fmctechnologies.com saipem.com hitachi.com jdrcables.com jdrcables.com onesubsea.com
a GE company
geoilandgas.com
a GE company
geoilandgas.com
Liestritz/Rosetti Marino
(non-compression) reduces back Partnership (3)
SIEMENS
liestritz.com
pressure approx. 60-120 bar; TechnipFMC FSUBSEA (10, 15, 17) HAYWARD TYLER SEABOX AS TechnipFMC DRESSER RAND
XXXXXXXXX SIEMENS MITSUBISHI NEXANS MFX DO BRASIL SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC XXXXX
SEACON SIEMENS energy.siemens.
fmctechnologies.com fsubsea.com haywardtyler.com nov.com/seabox fmctechnologies.com dresser-rand.com
XXXXXXXXX mitsubishielectric.com nexans.com mfx.com.br schneider-electric.com seaconworldwide.com energy.siemens.com
Courtesy of NOV requires 1MW for 1 BScfdsystem siemens.com Saipem/Curtiss-Wright Corp.
Cooperation Agreement (18)
saipem.com
ITT BORNEMANN LEISTRITZ (3) LOHER (13) TWISTER BV BAKER HUGHES SUBSEA 7 / INTERPIPE curtiswright.com NKT NSW NEXANS SIEMENS SIEMENS TELEDYNE D.G.O’BRIEN
TechnipFMC
Fig.9: Installation of the OneSubsea bornemann.com leistritzcorp.com automation.siemens.com fmctechnologies.com twisterbv.com
a GE company
geoilandgas.com
subsea7.com
itp-interpipe.com nktcables.com nsw.com nexans.com energy.siemens.com energy.siemens.com dgo.com
Saipem/Veolia Alliance (16)
Multiphase Compressor Station for Gulfaks saipem.com
veoliawatertechnologies.com SIEMENS TELEDYNE ODI
ONESUBSEA (12) SCHLUMBERGER ONESUBSEA (12) TechnipFMC / Sulzer (5) MAN Energy Solutions (1) TechnipFMC OKONITE PARKER OCEANEERING TELEDYNE ODI
onesubsea.com slb.com onesubsea.com fmctechnologies.com mandieselturbo.com fmctechnologies.com okonite.com parker.com oceaneering.com energy.siemens.com odi.com odi.com
SUBSEA INTEGRATION
ALLIANCE (12)
ONESUBSEA, SUBSEA 7,
TechnipFMC / SULZER (5) TechnipFMC / ONESUBSEA (12) SCHLUMBERGER PRYSMIAN SCHLUMBERGER REDA PARKER TECHNIP UMBILICAL
DIRECT DRIVE SYSTEMS
fmctechnologies.com onesubsea.com subseaintegration prysmiangroup.com slb.com parker.com technip.com
fmctechnologies.com
alliance.com
SIEMENS INDUSTRIAL TechnipFMC/Sulzer SUMITOMO PRYSMIAN UMBILICALS INTERNATIONAL

TURBO MACHINERY Collaboration Agreement (5)
Courtesy of OneSubsea Courtesy of MAN Diesel & Turbo Courtesy of OneSubsea Courtesy of BHGE, a GE company Courtesy of GE Courtesy of INTECSEA COURTESY OF turbomachinerysolutions.com fmctechnologies.com
global-sei.com prysmiangroup.com umbilicals.com
OCEANS COVER 285 BILLION BARRELS OF THE WORLD’S KNOWN OIL RESERVES – OFFSHORE COVERS THEM ALL.
MAN Subsea
compression World Trends and Technology Making subsea processing possible. Using our
for Offshore Oil and Gas Operations expertise to help deliver projects once
technology Innovation becomes proven technology:
over 50,000 operation hours achieved
woodplc.com
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MANEner_OSMaps_1903 1 2/8/19 11:48 AM Wood_OSmaps_1903 1
1903OFFSubSeaMap_Digital.indd 1 3/5/19 9:03 AM

Increase production. Now.
TechnipFMC delivers subsea boosting solutions that improve return on investment,
achieve recovery faster and enhance production that is reliable, sustainable
and economical through the life of the field.
TechnipFMC.com
2/20/19 11:58 AM Technip_OSmaps_1903 1 2/18/19 10:56 AM
REATMENT AND INJECTION SUBSEA BOOSTING PUMP TYPES GRAPH 1 – GVF vs. DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE - OPERATIONAL AND CONCEPTUAL CAPABILITIES GRAPH 2 – DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE vs. THROUGHPUT - SUBSEA PUMP CAPABILITIES
BOOSTING SYSTEM EXAMPLES (CONCEPTUAL & DELIVERED) Fig. 5: Saipem/Curtis Wright
Injection Pump
Conceptual Illustration Fig. 3: Subsea water injection 350 350 Fig.1: Installation of the Fig. 2: OneSubsea’s Pump Fig. 3: OneSubsea’s Helico- Fig. 4: OneSubsea’s Centrifugal Pump
TABLE 2 – PUMP TYPES & APPLICATIONS COURTESY OF 5,100 5,100
Differential Pressure (Bar or psi)

OneSubsea Pump Module Station with Pump Unit and Axial Pump Module for the Module with handling tool during SIT
Differential Pressure (Bar or psi)

allation of Tyrihans integrated solution - Aker
System Solutions LiquidBooster™ 300 SPP - Single Phase Pump 300 SPP - Single Phase Pump into Pump Station during Mixer for CNR’s Lyell project Total GirRi project for the Exxon Julia project
TYPE NORM. CONFIG. APPLICABILITY FOR SUBSEA BOOSTING 4,400 SPP (Centrifugal) TSP - Twin Screw Pump
and NOV 4,400 MPP - Multi-Phase Pump SIT for Exxon Julia
CENTRIFUGAL HORIZONTAL
H Highest differential pressure capability among pump types 250 WGC - Wet Gas Compression SPP ESP - Electrical Submersible Pump
H Handles low Gas Volume Fraction (GVF) < 15% at suction 250
(SINGLE PHASE) OR VERTICAL 3,625 DGC - Dry Gas Compression 3,625
conditions Helico-Axial
H Combination of helico-axial and centrifugal impeller stages 200 200
2,900 2,900
H Primarily used downstream of separator or in low GOR
HYBRID VERTICAL
applications where GVF is consistently < 30% at suction 150 Hybrid 150
conditions 2,175 2,175
H Widely deployed technology used for boosting individual 100 TSP Courtesy of Saipem/ Curtiss Wright
HORIZONTAL wells, caissons, flowline risers, and mudline horizontal
100
MUDLINE ESP 1,450 1,450
OR VERTICAL boosting applications ESP MPP Courtesy of OneSubsea
y of Aker Solutions NOV and Aker Solutions H Tested for conditions up to 70% GVF 50 50 Courtesy of OneSubsea Courtesy of OneSubsea Fig. 10: Seafloor Boosting
725 725 Fig. 9: TechnipFMC MPP Using ESP in Caisson
H Applicable for higher GVF boosting applications; Capable of WGC DGC
Fig. 6: NOV’s Seabox™ subsea water treat- HELICO-AXIAL operating at 0-95% GVF at suction conditions 0 bar Fig. 7: GE Boosting Station Fig. 8: OneSubsea’s Pump Modules for for BC-10
VERTICAL 0 bar Courtesy of OneSubsea
ment module for disinfection and particle (MULTIPHASE) H Most common subsea multiphase pump type 0 psi
100 0 psi Total GirRi and Shell Draugen prior to SIT
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 m3/Day 66 133 199 264 331 397 464 530 596 662
m settlement for optimizing water injection. H Moderate particulate tolerance 0 MBLPD 0.42 0.84 1.25 1.66 2.08 2.50 2.92 3.33 3.75 4.16 Fig. 6: TechnipFMC
f % GVF LIQUID GAS
SS Multiphase Pumping
TWIN SCREW HORIZONTAL
H Good for handling high GVF - up to 98% GVF at suction
conditions
Throughput (m /Day or MBLPD)
3
Notes: 1. For pump applications, the term differential pressure is used. However, for Module with Sulzer Pump
(MULTIPHASE) OR VERTICAL H Preferred technology for high viscosity fluids. Less efficient compressor applications the term pressure ratio is used. 2. Curves are approximate and Notes: Curves are approximate and assume a specific liquid throughput, identical for each
COURTESY OF COURTESY OF
at lower viscosities. assume a specific liquid throughput, identical for each pump type. pump type. Values are given on a “per pump” basis.
VERTICAL ESP PUMPS SINGLE PHASE PUMPS (CENTRIFUGAL) HYBRID PUMPS MULTIPHASE PUMPS TWIN SCREW PUMPS
HORIZONTAL/MUDLINE ESP SYSTEM EXAMPLES Courtesy of GE
(For GVF < 70%) (For GVF < 15%) (For GVF < 30%) (HELICO-AXIAL/ROTODYNAMIC) (For GVF < 95%) (For GVF < 98%) Courtesy of OneSubsea Courtesy of TechnipFMC
Fig. 11: Jack & St. Malo Pump
Fig. 1: Diagram of Vertically Fig. 2: Horizontal ESP Boosting Station Fig. 4: Vertically Configured Fig. 5: Vertically Configured Fig. 6: Vertically Configured Fig. 7: Vertically Configured Fig. 8: Vertically Configured Fig. 9: Vertically Configured Fig. 10: Twin Screw Pump Cross Stations in the Factory Pit for SIT Fig. 12: OneSubsea’s SIT Testing of Fig. 13: Aker Solutions
Configured Gas Handling ESP Centrifugal Single Phase Centrifugal Single Phase Hybrid Pump & Motor Hybrid Pump & Motor Helico-Axial Pump & Motor Semi-Axial Pump Section Diagram Total MoHo Subsea Boosting System MultiBooster™ System -
in a Seabed Caisson Pump & Motor Diagram Pump & Motor Diagram Diagram Diagram Diagram Pump & Motor Diagram
Courtesy of NOV Dual Pump Station
NOV’s
™ subsea Courtesy of Aker Solutions
treatment
ology for Fig. 14: Åsgard Single
d water Phase Pump
y at seabed
R / EOR. Courtesy of Sulzer/
TechnipFMC
Courtesy of NOV Courtesy of OneSubsea
Fig. 15: BHGE Pump Rack Courtesy of OneSubsea
OneSubsea’s Test- Courtesy of Leistritz Fig. 16: TechnipFMC Courtesy of Aker Solutions
Centrifugal Pump Station Fig. 17: Loadout of the
e Albacora Raw Courtesy of TechnipFMC
with Multiphase Pump OneSubsea Pump Station for Fig. 18: OneSubsea – Loadout of 1 of 6,
er Injection System Fig.11: BHGE Modular Compact Pump
the Total CLOV Project 2.3MW Hybrid Pumps for Pazflor
IT of Pump and Fig. 3: POWERJump Boosting System Cross Section
n System
Courtesy of Aker Solutions
Fig. 22: FSubsea's

Courtesy of Schlumberger Omnirise Pump - Barrier
fluid less & integrated
ESPs can be installed in a caisson VSD function (1.5 MW,
to gather and boost flow from Courtesy of BHGE, a GE 6600V SPP prototype)
of OneSubsea Courtesy of OneSubsea multiple wells. Courtesy of Aker Solutions Courtesy of OneSubsea Courtesy of Aker Solutions Courtesy of OneSubsea Courtesy of Aker Solutions Courtesy of OneSubsea Courtesy of Aker Solutions Courtesy of BHGE, a GE company company Courtesy of TechnipFMC Courtesy of OneSubsea Courtesy of OneSubsea
Fig. 19: Seafloor Boosting System Using Fig. 20: Aker Solutions Fig. 21: BHGE Modular Compact
COURTESY OF SUBSEA BOOSTING PROJECT TRENDS ESPs in Caissons Pump Module Pump (MCP) Dual Booster Station
GRAPH 6: SUBSEA SHAFT POWER vs. TIME FOR SS BOOSTING SYSTEMS (As of Feb., 2019)
3.5
Moho Phase 1bis
GRAPH 3: TIEBACK DISTANCE vs. WATER DEPTH FOR SS BOOSTING SYSTEMS (As of Feb., 2019)
FRACTION
IN-SERVICE/OPERATING SS Pumps - Conceptual

(GVF) (5)
SYSTEM NO. OF PUMP TYPE or COMPRESSOR/PUMP 0 (ft) Jack &
Subsea Pump Shaft Power (MW)

SS Pumps - Awarded and in Julia
INFORMATION Prezioso 3.0 St. Malo
Shallow
0 (m) Brenda/Nicol
PACKAGER PUMPS UNITS COMPR. TYPE MANUFACTURER Otter
Asgard Manufacturing or Delivered
(As of Mar. 1, 2019) Vigdis
Gulfaks
Greater Enfield
1,640 (ft) SS Pumps - Operational
500 (m) Vincent Topacio 2.5 Rosa/Girassol
Ceiba C3 & C4 Ceiba FFD
START (12) END or Greater Enfield CLOV Dalmation Vigdis
Water Depth Feet/(m)
OF VOL. COMPANY PUMPS or COMPR. TYPE COMPANY MTHS Barracuda

(Month-Year) PRESENT 3,280 (ft)
1,000 (m) CLOV 2.0 Parque Das
n/a OneSubsea Counter Axial OneSubsea 2001 Jubarte Jubarte Ph. 2 Conchas MPP
Rosa/Girrasol Vincent Courtesy of BHGE, a GE company
n/a Aker Solutions 1 Centrifugal GE Compr/Aker Pump 2011 30-Aug-16 4,920 (ft)
Golfinho BCSS Courtesy of Aker Solutions Courtesy of BHGE, a GE company Courtesy of FSubsea
n/a Aker Solutions (11) 2+1 Spare +1 Centrifugal MAN compr/Aker pump 6-Sep-15 1-Mar-19 41.7 1,500 (m) Golfinho Field Caissons Dalmation 1.5
95% OneSubsea (10) 2+1 Spare Counter Axial OneSubsea 15-Jul-17 1-Mar-19 19.5 King Ceiba (FFD)
6,560 (ft) Marlim
ACTIVE HEATING SYSTEM TYPES For a list of worldwide Active Heating projects: www.offshore-mag.com/maps-posters.html
Deepwater
n/a TBD 2 TBD TBD 2021 2,000 (m)

Jack & St. Malo
1.0
Parque Das Conchas Julia TopacioField
n/a TBD TBD 2020 8,200 (ft) TYPE 1A: Direct Electrical Heating (DEH) – Wet insulated rigid pipe with piggyback power cable
2,500 (m) Cascade & Chinook
n/a TBD 2+1 Spare +1 Centrifugal MAN compr/Aker pump 2021 0.5 Fig. 1: Aker Solutions DEH Cable & Attachment to Flowline
Aker Solutions Centrifugal MAN compr/Aker pump Mid-2025 9,840 (ft)
US MMS Definitions:
Stones SS Boosting - Awarded and in Manufacturing/Delivered Montanazo & Lubina

95% TBD 4 mini & (1main+1spare) Centrifugal SSP FSubsea TBD 3,000 (m) Fig. 2: Nexans Conceptual DEH Cable Cross-sections & Attachments
Ultra Deepwater
SS Boosting or Compression - Operational 0.0

-90% Saipem 1 Twin-Screw Nuovo Pignone (9) 1994 1995 11,480 (ft) 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 DEH riser cable
42% OneSubsea 1 + 1 Spare SMUBS, 1-MPP SPX ClydeUnion Nov-95 15-Nov-96 12.2 3,500 (m) 0 (mi) 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Present
3% OneSubsea / TechnipFMC 5+2 Spare Centrifugal (SPP) OneSubsea Jan-98 15-Jul-09 138.0 0 (km) 3.1 6.2 9.3 12.4 15.5 18.6 21.7 24.9 Year
64% OneSubsea 2+1 Spare Helico-Axial OneSubsea Oil Subsea Tiebacks: Short Conventional Long Distance Tieback (LDT) COURTESY OF
Armored
75% OneSubsea 2+1 Spare Helico-Axial OneSubsea Aug-00 1-Mar-19 197.1 Gas Subsea Tiebacks: Short Conventional Long Distance Tieback (LDT)
DEH riser cable feeder cable
(for heating one or
75% OneSubsea 2+1 Spare Helico-Axial OneSubsea Oct-02 1-Mar-19 171.1
22% TechnipFMC 1 ESP Schlumberger (REDA) Dec-02 1-Dec-06 47.9 Tieback Distance Miles/(km) GRAPH 7: WATER DEPTH vs. INSTALLATION YEAR FOR SS BOOSTING SYSTEMS (As of Feb., 2019) Feeder cable two segments) Piggyback
0 (ft) Gulfaks cable
75% OneSubsea 6+ 2 Spare Helico-Axial OneSubsea Dec-03 1-Mar-19 157.1 Prezioso
Shallow
COURTESY OF 0 (m) Mutineer/Exeter Brenda/Nicole Asgard Otter

-40% OneSubsea 2 MPP Helico-Axial OneSubsea (16) Mar-05 1-Mar-19 142.1 Draugen Schiehallion
Lufeng 22-1 Topacio Vincent Vigdis Junction box
-70% Aker Solutions 1 Twin Screw Bornemann SMPC 9 Jan-06 Dec-06 11.0 1,640 (ft) Piggyback cable
Ceiba FFD
500 (m)
57% Baker Hughes 1 ESP Baker Hughes Feb-07 1-Aug-07 5.5 GRAPH 4: TIEBACK DISTANCE vs. TIME FOR SS BOOSTING SYSTEMS (As of Feb., 2019) Greater Enfield
Ceiba C3 & C4
Water Depth Feet/(m)
Barracuda Who Dat

-40% TechnipFMC 1 ESP Schlumberger (REDA) Mar-07 Aug-07 5.0 3,280 (ft)
40 1,000 (m) Jubarte Ph. 2
75% OneSubsea 1+1 Spare Helico-Axial OneSubsea Apr-07 1-Mar-19 117.1 24.9 Rosa/Girrasol
SS Pumps / Compression - Conceptual Jubarte Golfhino Jansz-Lo
-95% Aker Solutions 2+1 Spare Twin-Screw ITT Bornemann / Loher Nov-07 15-Feb-09 15.0 Dalmation
4,920 (ft)
(LDT)
(LDT)
35 SS Pumps / Compression - Awarded and in

-70% OneSubsea 2+2 Spare Helico-Axial OneSubsea Aug-10 1-Mar-19 77.1 21.7 Manufacturing/Delivered 1,500 (m) Dalmation Courtesy of Aker Solutions Courtesy of Nexans
Marlim
100% Curtiss-Wright 1 Twin-Screw Leistritz SS Pumps / Compression - Operational Greater Enfield King Jack & St. Malo Jack & St. Malo MPP Fig. 3: Aker Solutions DEH Riser Cable
30 6,560 (ft)
Deepwater
-40% TechnipFMC (33) 2 ESP Schlumberger (REDA)(33) Dec-14 4-Jan-18 37.0 18.6 2,000 (m) Parque Das Conchas Ph. 1 Fig. 4: TYPE 1B: Pipe-In-Pipe DEH for Two Heated Segments/Flowlines
Tieback Distance
Julia Parque Das Conchas Ph. 2 Parque Das Conchas

28% OneSubsea 2+1 Spare Helico-Axial OneSubsea Sep-10 1-Oct-13 36.5
25 8,200 (ft) Julia MPP Repl. Topside Power
-40% Aker Solutions 2 ESP Schlumberger (REDA)(33) Dec-14 4-Jan-18 36.1 15.5 Otter Supply
Cascade & Chinook
Conventional
Jack & St. Malo 2,500 (m)

-40% TechnipFMC 2 ESP Baker Hughes Dec-11 Mar-13 14.5 DEH Cable
20 Rosa/Girassol
Wetmate power
40% TechnipFMC 2 ESP Baker Hughes Jul-09 1-Mar-19 115.3 12.4 9,840 (ft) Subsea Compression
Current in outer
US MMS Definitions:
connectors
Stones pipe
40% TechnipFMC 2 ESP Baker Hughes Oct-13 1-Mar-19 64.4 Ceiba Field(FFD) 3,000 (m) Subsea Pumps
Ultra Deepwater
15
70% TechnipFMC 1 Helico-Axial TechnipFMC Dec-18 1-Mar-19 2.5 9.3 11,480 (ft) Current in inner
Outer Pipe
pipe
-40% Aker Solutions 15 ESP Schlumberger (REDA) 6-Dec-10 1-Mar-19 98.6 Parque Das Conchas 3,500 (m) Present Insulation
10 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Short Conventional
10% TechnipFMC 4+2 Spare ESP Baker Hughes 14-Jul-12 Unkown 6.2
Inner pipe
-60% OneSubsea 1 Helico-Axial OneSubsea 14-Jul-12 1-Mar-19 79.4 Vigdis
Short
10% OneSubsea 1 + 1 Spare Centrifugal (SPP) OneSubsea 15-Jan-14 1-Mar-19 61.3

5
3.1 Stones
Year COURTESY OF
Conducting Bulkhead
Mid-Line Assembly (MLA) CROSS SECTION
Conducting Bulkhead
74% GE / OneSubsea 4+0 Spare Helico-Axial OneSubsea Courtesy of Aker Solutions
0 (mi) Courtesy of INTECSEA
50% OneSubsea 2+1 Spare Helico-Axial OneSubsea 31-Jul-16 1-Mar-19 30.9 0 (km)
“GAME CHANGING” SUBSEA BOOSTING TECHNOLOGY
Gas Subsea Tiebacks:
Oil Subsea Tiebacks:
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

10% OneSubsea 3+2 Spare Centrifugal (SPP) OneSubsea 10-May-16 1-Mar-19 33.6 Present
97% OneSubsea 1 Helico-Axial OneSubsea 21-Aug-14 1-Mar-19 54.2 Year Fig. 1: Torque Converter Function – Variable Guide Vane Fig. 5: FSubsea Pump Assembly with TYPE 2: Electrical Trace Heating (ETH) - Pipe-in-Pipe
Voith Torque Converter Fig. 5: TechnipFMC Electrically Trace Heated Pipe-in-Pipe (ETH-PiP) Fig. 6: Subsea 7/ITP InterPipe Electrically Heat Traced Pipe-in-Pipe
-50% OneSubsea 4+2 Spare Helico-Axial OneSubsea Q2 2015 1-Mar-19 Torque Converter Function
-31% OneSubsea 2 Helico-Axial OneSubsea 24-Nov-16 1-Mar-19 27.1 COURTESY OF Variable Guide Vanes Passive Insulation Specific insulation material with reduced Centralizer
10% OneSubsea 2 Centrifugal (SPP) OneSubsea 18-Apr-16 1-Mar-19 34.3 Guide Vanes Flowline pressure in PiP annulus
49% OneSubsea 2 Helico-Axial OneSubsea 2016 Heating Wires
10% OneSubsea 2 +1 Spare Centrifugal (SPP) OneSubsea 2018 GRAPH 5: SUBSEA BOOSTING – TOTAL THROUGHPUT vs. DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE*
TBD TBD 3,990 275
(psi) (bar) Rotary Vane
-25% TechnipFMC 5 +1 Spare ESP Schlumberger (REDA) 3/19/14 1-Mar-19 59.3 SS Pumps - Awarded and in
3,625 250 Jack & St. Malo Actuator Output Shaft
81% OneSubsea 2+1 Spare Helico-Axial OneSubsea Mid-2019 (SPPs) Manufacturing or Delivered TC-Turbine Carrier Pipe
65% OneSubsea (34) 1+1 Spare Helico-Axial OneSubsea (34) Q4-2018 3,265 225 SS Pumps - Operational Trace Heating Cable
Input Shaft Centralizer Outer Pipe
75% OneSubea 1+1 Spare Helico-Axial OneSubsea Q4-2018
Differential Pressure
2,900 200 TC-Impeller Housing

70% TechnipFMC 2+1 Spare Helico-Axial TechnipFMC 2-Dec-18 1-Mar-19 2.9 Julia (SPPs) Jubarte Field (Phase 2-ESPs) Protection Sheet
-40% OneSubsea 1+1 spare Helico-Axial OneSubsea Q2, 2019 Courtesy of TechnipFMC/Heat Trace Ltd Fiber Optic Cable
2,540 175
Inner pipe
-76% TechnipFMC 1 Helico-Axial TechnipFMC Sep-19
OneSubsea 3+2 Spare Helico-Axial OneSubsea 2020 2,175 150 Courtesy of Subsea 7/ITP InterPipe
Rosa/Girrassol (MPPs) Courtesy of Voith Fig. 8
1,815 125 How How
it‘s done!
it‘s done! How it‘s done! Figs. 7 & 8: Saipem Electrically Heated Pipe-in-Pipe - for
0% GE / OneSubsea 1+1 Spare Centrifugal (SPP) OneSubsea Aug-01 1-Mar-19 209.7 Greater Enfield VARIABLE
Conventional
Conventional FREQUENCY/SPEED
Subsea
Subsea
Variable
Variable
SpeedSpeed
Pump DRIVE
Pump
DriveDrive CONFIGUATIONS
Voith Subsea Variable Speed Pump Drive TYPE 3: Flexibles with active heating J-lay/S-lay installation; employs a sliding configuration
0% OneSubsea 2+0 Spare Centrifugal (SPP) OneSubsea May-07 1-Oct-13 76.4 1,450 100
Fig. 9: TechnipFMC Integrated Production Bundle
0% FMC/Aker Solutions 2+1 Spare Centrifugal (SPP) Aker Solutions 12-Mar-13 1-Mar-19 71.5 1,090 75 VFD
(IPB) - Electrically Heat Traced Flexible
0% OneSubsea 3+1 Spare Centrifugal (SPP) OneSubsea 14-Mar-14 1-Mar-19 59.4 Draugen (MPPs) Vincent
725 50 (MPPs)
0% ConocoPhillips / NOV 1 Centrifugal (SPP) Halliburton 1-Oct-18 1-Sep-19 11.0 Ceiba Field
(FFD) (MPPs)
1969 1972 36 360 25 Courtesy of FSubsea AS
Core of the IPB
BOET (See Table 3 Def.) 1989 0 0 M
OneSubsea 1 ESP Schlumberger (REDA) Jul-01 1-Jul-08 83.0 (MBLPD) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 M
M
(m³/hr) 0 330 660 995 1,325 1,655 1,990 2,320 2,650 2,980 Electrical heat
0% GE / OneSubsea 1+1 Spare n/a OneSubsea Aug-01 1-Mar-19 209.7 seafloor seafloor VFD
Figures 2, 3, and 4 Courtesy of Voith trace cables
-68% TechnipFMC 1+1 Spare Helico-Axial OneSubsea Oct-07 1-Mar-19 136.2 *(As of Feb., 2019) Throughput
15% TechnipFMC 4 ESP Baker Hughes Centrilift Aug-09 1-Mar-19 114.3 COURTESY OF Fig. 2: Config. 1 Fig. 3: Config. 2 Fig. 4: Config. 3 – Variable Speed Pump Drive is incorporated Gas lift tubes
VFD on Topsides VFD on Seafloor with the pump assembly which sits on the Seafloor
15% TechnipFMC 5 ESP Baker Hughes Centrilift Mar-10 1-Mar-19 84.0
16% TechnipFMC 6+2 Spare Hybrid H-A OneSubsea Aug-11 1-Mar-19 89.8 Thermal insulation
Courtesy of Saipem
67% TechnipFMC 1 Centrifugal (SPP) OneSubsea Mar-13 1-Mar-19 70.9 SUBSEA POWER CONNECTORS Fig. 3: Teledyne interconnect system: umbilical
terminations, HV wetmate flying leads, and
Fig. 4: Teledyne 10kV, 250A
Electrical Wetmate EFL,
SUBSEA POWER DISTRIBUTION Courtesy of TechnipFMC Courtesy of Saipem
15% TechnipFMC 2 ESP Baker Hughes Centrilift
10% TechnipFMC 1 ESP Baker Hughes Centrilift Fig. 1: GE MECON DM 145/700 Dry-Mate Fig. 2: Siemens ElecTRON - Subsea Instru- tubing hanger connections to power ESP’s for Subsea Boosting and EQUIPMENT
Processing
to FMC 26. Congro & Corvina SS Separation/Boosting Project - This project has been canceled. January 2015. 1 of each still has a Baker Hughes ESP as of February 2015.
connectors mentation Feedthrough Connector System TYPE 4: Production Flow Continuous Heating TYPE 5: Hot Water
Petrobras has determined commercially of the fields is not feasible. 34. Dalmatian will be the longest subsea tieback in the GOM with SS boosting (35 KMs / Fig. 1: 200 Km 30 MVA Power Station with 145kV Step-down trafoan switch- Heated
gip/ 27. Repsol Sinopec - full Operator name is REPSOL SINOPEC RESOURCES UK LIMITED. 22 Miles). Murphy E & P has awarded the Subsea Integration Alliance (SIA) (OneSubsea gear-less subsea VSDs for up to 2x 12.5 MW Compressors Power Station with Fig. 10: Saipem Local Heating Station – Retrievable
02 End of Repsol acquired the field through the Talisman acquisition. + Subsea 7) an EPCIC contract for the subsea multi-phase boosting system. Fig. 11: Subsea 7 Pipeline Bundle
e-start 28. Ormen Lange Gas Compression 2 - Currently Norske Shell is working to simplify the 35. Peon Development - Statoil and partners placed the project on hold.
transformer, switchgear & VSDs for pumps and compressors up to 12.5MW
. design, remove unnecessary redundancy, module size, and weights by more than 50%. 36. System Flow Rates - Gas flow rates not reported for Boosting or Separation. with multiple flowlines, controls,
s were 29. Peridido - Cassion for separation is 350 feet long drilled into the seabed. Read 2011 37. Lufeng Fields - Conceptual study for boosting on Lufeng Fields consist of: Lufeng & active heating inside a carrier
OTC paper 21716. 22-1, Lufeng 14-4/14-8/8-1, Lufeng 15-1. The study is being done by Aker Kvaerner
subsea 30. Barracuda - is the first installation of the high boost MPP. See 2013 OTC paper
for CNOOC Ltd.
pipe (heating using e.g. inhibited
24217 for addition infomation about the MPP. potable water, reinjected
ng 31. Albacora Field - Reference 2013 OTC paper 24167. 38. UK Oil and Gas Technology Centre (OGTC) funded study with multiple operators and
6. 32. Highlander Field - SS Tieback to the Tartan Field which has a SS separator/slug Oil and Gas Authority (OGA) for known basin with significant number of small to medium produced water)
dentified catcher installed for the tie-in to the Tartan Platform. See papers: 1994 OTC #7438- stranded fields over large geographical area.
ith the MS, 1987 SPE #13970-PA, 1987 SPE #16532-MS 39. Ekofisk Pilot - Seabox subsea water treatment. Water lifted topside for injection into
ug., 2017. 33. Petrobras changed ESP supplier from Baker Hughes to Schlumberger (REDA) dry well. Reference 2019 OTC paper 29552. Courtesy of Saipem Courtesy of Subsea 7
Courtesy of BHGE, a GE company Fig. 2: Siemens Conceptual
Courtesy of Siemens Courtesy of Teledyne Subsea Power Grid*
NOTES: Fig. 3: Siemens SS Transformer Fig. 4: Siemens Conceptual Fig. 5: Siemens Conceptual Fig. 6: GE 24kV Switchgear
1. Aker Solutions and MAN Diesel & Turbo have formed an Courtesy of Aker Solutions & ABB Alliance for
alliance for the next generation of subsea compression Power & Automation Prototype at Shallow Water Test* SS Variable Speed Drive* SS Switchgear* Prototype Tested in Shallow Water
systems. Fig. 5: Siemens DigiTRON+ and Fig. 6: Siemens SpecTRON 45 - 45kV wet mate Fig. 4
OTHER 2. Subsea seawater injection refers to only those projects
CONTROL
SUPPORTING
TESTING
utilizing a subsea pump to inject seawater and does DigiTRON3 - 1kV and 3kV wet connectors for subsea power distribution Fig. 7: Åsgard 19 MVA Fig. 3 Fig. 5
SYSTEMS FACILITIES
SYSTEMS not include typical water injection using a pump on a mate controls connectors Subsea Transformer Module
topside facility. Courtesy of Teledyne
3. Liestritz have partnered with Rosetti Marino for potential
AKER SOLUTIONS AKER SOLUTIONS AKER SOLUTIONS twin screw marinization.
HV
PENETRATORS akersolutions.com akersolutions.com akersolutions.com 4. Deutsch is part of TE Connectivity. Fig. 7: GE MECON WM 36/500
CONNECTORS
5. TechnipFMC and Sulzer have formed a long-term and
exclusive collaboration agreement. Wet-mate connectors
BAKER HUGHES ALPHA THAMES BAKER HUGHES
ALSTOM BENESTAD (7) a GE company alpha-thames.co.uk
a GE company 6. PROLAB is a Sulzer company.
alstom.com benestad.com
geoilandgas.com geoilandgas.com 7. Benestad is an Aker Solutions company.
8. Diamould is a OneSubsea company.
BAKER HUGHES Courtesy of Siemens Courtesy of Siemens Courtesy of Siemens Courtesy of Siemens
TechnipFMC FLOWSERVE 9. ASCOM re-branded as Sulzer Chemtech.
a GE company
14) DEUTSCH (4) DEUTSCH (4) fmctechnologies.com
geoilandgas.com
flowserve.com 10. FSubsea (Fuglesangs Subsea AS) and the German pump Courtesy of GE
m te.com te.com *The Siemens Subsea Power Grid is shown in Fig. 2, with the main building blocks in Figs. 3, 4, & 5, along with wet-mate 36kV connectors and control system.
company RuhRPumpen collaborate to develop advanced
ONESUBSEA (12) SMARTMOTOR TechnipFMC
subsea centrifugal pump solutions as Fuglesangs Subsea. Courtesy of Siemens
DIAMOULD (8) 11. Includes system integrators and specialty hardware
diamould.com
DIAMOULD (8)
diamould.com
onesubsea.com smartmotor.no fmctechnologies.com
suppliers. Fig.13: Subsea Fig 14: 200 MW Subsea
m
12. Subsea Integration Alliance (SIA) is a worldwide Fig. 9: ABB Conceptual Subsea Fig. 10: ABB 19MVA Power Manager Power Hub with 145kV
BAKER HUGHES BAKER HUGHES
SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC ITT BORNEMANN ITT BORNEMANN non-incorporated partnership between OneSubsea, Courtesy of Siemens Courtesy of BHGE, a GE company Power Grid Subsea Transformer Output to Shore from 4
) schneider-electric.com bornemann.com bornemann.com
a GE company a GE company Schlumberger, and Subsea 7. Fig. 8: Åsgard 100 KVA Subsea
m geoilandgas.com geoilandgas.com 13. Loher is a Siemens company. Offshore Arrays with 20 x 10
SIEMENS LEISTRITZ ONESUBSEA (12) 14. Aker Solutions and ABB have formed an Alliance for Fig. 9: Siemens DigiTRONf - High Control Power Distribution Module ABB Subsea MW Wind Turbines
Power and Automation. Fig. 8: Siemens SpecTRON 10 - 10kV wet mate transformer Fig.11: ABB Conceptual Subsea Fig.12: ABB Conceptual Subsea
RIC XXXXX
SEACON SIEMENS energy.siemens.com leistritzcorp.com onesubsea.com
optical performance wet mate Fig. 10: Teledyne 5kV, 200A Fig. 11: Teledyne 3kV, 30A Electrical
ABB conceptual
com seaconworldwide.com energy.siemens.com 15. FSubsea won the 2017 OTC Spotlight on New Technology connectors for subsea pumping systems variable speed drive Medium Voltage Switchgear Variable Speed Drive
Award for their OMNIRISE MINIBOOSTER subsea connector Electrical Feedthrough and API- Wetmate Connector
PETROBRAS ATALAIA PROLAB (6)
SIEMENS TELEDYNE D.G.O’BRIEN LAB (Brazil) prolabnl.com processing pump. 6FB Flame-Proof Penetrator
om energy.siemens.com dgo.com 16. Saipem worked in cooperation with Veolia to develop
SPRINGS® Subsea Seawater Treatment system. The
SHELL GASMER STATOIL: P-LAB & K-LAB system is a subsea technology for the treatment of sea-
TELEDYNE ODI TELEDYNE ODI (Houston, TX) (Norway) water utilizing sulphate removal membranes (SR) for the
om odi.com odi.com
removal of sulphates prior to injection into the reservoir.
SOUTHWEST RESEARCH SULZER (5) 17. Voith and Funglesangs Subsea AS (FSubsea) signed a
INSTITUTE collaborative agreement in May 2016 to develop
AL swri.org sulzer.com
hydrodynamic variable speed drives for advanced subsea ABB conceptual medium
pump applications. voltage switchgear
18. Saipem and Curtiss-Wright Corporation have an exclusive
Courtesy of ABB
TIONAL
cooperation agreement for the development of pumps for Courtesy of Siemens/ Courtesy of Aker Solutions & ABB
water treatment and injection applications. Courtesy of Siemens Courtesy of Siemens Courtesy of Teledyne Courtesy of Teledyne Figs. 7 & 8 Courtesy of Aker Solutions Courtesy of ABB Courtesy of ABB Courtesy of ABB Saipem Alliance for Power & Automation
In Collaboration with Introducing modular subsea storage

for oil and condensates.
M A G A Z I N E
ssible. Using our engineering and operations Discover more about NOV’s full system solutions at nov.com/subsea
ver projects once thought impossible.
woodplc.com
Free and on demand educational videos, posters, articles, and soon additional supplements, © 2019 National Oilwell Varco | All Rights Reserved
all for learning more about the offshore oil and gas industry at:
www.offshore-mag.com/learning-center.html
2/12/19 10:56 AM NOVCom_OSmaps_1903 1 2/19/19 11:05 AM
1903OFFSubSeaMap_Digital.indd 2 3/5/19 9:03 AM

• SUBSEA
auto-functions for positioning and flying.

Last year the ROV completed a
12-week test program at the company’s
test tank in Kirkbymoorside, Yorkshire.
Sea trials are expected to start in 1Q 2019.
A control electronics pod fitted to all
XLe observation class vehicles, the com-
pany claims, enables superior connectiv-
ity and expansion capabilities. Ethernet
interfacing allows for seamless integra-
tion with other industry sensors using
common IP architecture and ease of
remote data transfer.
Oceaneering has produced the E-ROV,
a self-contained, battery-powered ROV
system. Comprising an electric ROV, 4G
connection buoy, and subsea cage, the
system can operate for extended peri-
ods of time without being recovered to
the surface, which reduces cost and risk.
A standard Mako ROV measures 33 in. x 25 in. x 27 in. and weighs about 160 lb. Subsea 7 subsidiary i-Tech Services
(Courtesy SEAMOR Marine Ltd.) has extended its underwater inspection
and maintenance service to include new
the vehicle arms, and adding another degree of freedom to the vehicle head mechanism. mini ROVs for performing smaller scopes
SEAMOR Marine Ltd. has unveiled Mako, a heavy payload ROV named after a of subsea work. These are said to be quick
shark. The Mako ROV can carry 14 kg (30 lb) as a standard build and is upgradeable to to deploy and easily transported to the
22.5 kg (50 lb). This higher carrying capacity permits larger instrumentation (such as offshore location by helicopter or air-
multi-beam imaging sonars) to be integrated. The new ROV can fly at 2 knots thanks craft. The mini ROVs are said to offer
to eight thrusters. Four vertical thrusters and four horizontal thrusters provide sta- high maneuverability and a power-to-
bility and maximized forward thrust. It also features a large accessory bay with an weight ratio that allows them to carry
open, modular design. This design choice, the company said, provides ample space small tools and manipulators that can
to mount and position accessories. The ROV has plenty of power to operate multiple be operated in strong currents. They can
accessories at once. A standard Mako measures 840 mm x 635 mm x 674 mm (33 in. also be mobilized rapidly and manually
x 25 in. x 27 in.) and weighs approximately 72 kg (160 lb). from any platform, FPSO, barge or vessel
Forum Energy Technologies has developed a range of electric ROVs. The XLe, of opportunity.
designed and manufactured at the company’s Kirkbymoorside
complex in northern England, is the first and smallest of the
new range. However, it is sufficiently powerful to undertake
subsea maintenance and repairs using its optional electric or
hydraulic five-function manipulator arm.
According to the company, the vehicle’s self-regulating power
feature compensates for tether losses, ensuring a constant and
stable power delivery to the vehicle regardless of the length of
the tether.
It employs the same Forum Integrated Control Engine
(ICE++) that is featured in the company’s larger work-class
and trencher vehicles. This is said to provide a range of auto-pi-
lot and pilot assist modes when appropriate sensors are fitted.
Its latest electric ROV is the XLe Spirit. This is the first obser-
vation-class ROV to use Forum’s integrated control engine to
bring greater functionality commonly only found in larger work-
class vehicles. The ROV is said to incorporate several features
to maximize its stability for use as a sensor platform, including
regulated propulsion power, optimized thruster orientation and Sea trials of the XLe Spirit eROV are expected to start in 1Q 2019.
location, accurate thruster speed control and a wide range of (Courtesy Forum Energy Technologies)
1903OFF41-43.indd 42 2/28/19 4:03 PM

SUBSEA •
Saudi Aramco has inaugurated a torpedo-shaped AUV. The PB3 PowerBuoy, coupled with Saab’s technologies, creates the
AUV is designed to perform surveys to identify seabed clear- premier unmanned system, providing remote charging capa-
ance and potential debris around offshore platforms. It can also bilities for both autonomous and remotely operated vehicles.
conduct offshore pipeline inspections to determine subsea asset We believe the combined OPT and Saab system can revolu-
integrity and locate potential leaks. According to Aramco, the tionize offshore subsea operations by allowing the vehicles to
vehicle, which cost $2.5 million to construct, can handle duties recharge on the seafloor and thus remain in the water longer
formerly undertaken by a $50-million, large survey vessel. and reduce the reliance on support from manned vessels. The
In addition, the AUV’s modular design allows for interchange- unmanned system can increase the range of the vehicle, increase
able modifications based on the mission’s needs. For example, operational weather windows for the operators, while improv-
the sidescan sonar/bathymetric module for geophysical opera- ing safety for the crew.”
tions can serve as a camera for subsea inspection projects, and In addition, Saab Seaeye said that its iCON-based hybrid
as the environmental module for oil leak detection surveys. AUV/ROV Sabertooth fitted with a Blue Logic charger is the
An additional battery module can be added to the assembly, world’s first system capable of remote docking operations.
allowing the AUV to extend the length of its mission. According to the company, the 3,000-m (9,842-ft) rated Saber-
Aramco claims the AUV resembles a shrunken vessel, tooth can be based at a remote location docking station ready
operable remotely from shore to be launched on pre-programmed or man-controlled missions,
or from a boat including inspection, repair and maintenance, research
controlling the tasks, and environmental monitor-
vehicle through ing. At the docking station,
W i - Fi w h e n tooling packages are
within reach of its stored, batteries
connection limit. recharged, and
When at the required data trans-
depth, the vehicle trav- ferred via sat-
els along its mission’s route ellite or cable
by means of its Inertial Navi- to shore.
gation System. Sonardyne
RESEARCH AND
Sabertooth fitted with a Blue Logic
DEVELOPMENT inductive device is said to be the
Collaboration is playing a key role in help- world’s first system capable of remote
ing the industry develop technologies and docking operations. (Courtesy Saab Seaeye)
solutions to increase autonomy and remote
residency of the subsea systems.
Shell has awarded Saipem a license to develop International Ltd. has started a collaborative project to improve
technology for FlatFish, a resident subsea auton- the autonomy for long-endurance AUVs. With partners L3 ASV
omous vehicle designed to perform subsea asset inspections. and the National Oceanography Centre (NOC), the company
This should be qualified for commercial application by 2020. will focus on longer-term navigational accuracy for AUVs in
FlatFish is a Brazilian project previously developed over a deepwater, while reducing power requirements and increasing
four-year period by SENAI CIMATEC in partnership with DFKI, autonomy in marine operations.
with funding from the ANP R&D program and EMBRAPII. The Innovate UK-supported Precise Positioning for Per-
Saipem plans to add capabilities for riser inspection, data sistent AUVs (P3AUV) project will involve trials using Sonar-
harvesting from subsea sensors, contactless monitoring of dyne’s underwater positioning technology on the NOC’s Autosub
cathodic protection systems, and a ‘flying-hanging garage’ for Long Range (ALR) and L3 ASV’s C-Worker 7 autonomous sur-
launch/recovery and subsea recharging/reprogramming of the face vehicle (ASV). The project is due to run until late 2019.
FlatFish from offshore platforms. These enhancements will be P3AUV will focus on three key areas. One is to increase
supported by SENAI CIMATEC which, along with Saipem do long-duration navigational accuracy by integrating low- and
Brasil, entered the development arrangement with Shell Bra- high-power inertial navigation system (INS) sensors. The sec-
sil last December. ond area is to improve positioning accuracy while underwa-
Ocean Power Technologies Inc. (OPT) and Saab Seaeye Ltd. ter vehicles descend and ascend through the water column,
have signed a non-exclusive agreement to pursue mutual oppor- through the integration of doppler velocity log current mea-
tunities through joint system solution development and mar- surement capabilities and INS technologies with onboard data
keting. The agreement anticipates a preliminary focus on AUV processing. The third area is to enable ASV deployment of sea-
and ROV charging and communications systems. floor positioning transponders. •
OPT President and CEO George Kirby said: “We believe OPT’s
1903OFF41-43.indd 43 2/28/19 4:03 PM

• SUBSEA
The subsea gas compression technology

on the Åsgard field is expected to increase
the reservoir’s productive life by 15 years.
(Photo by Elin A./Courtesy Equinor)
Technology gains taking subsea

processing deeper, farther out
Industry advances helping meet field development challenges
JOHN MORGAN, REBECCA ROTH, LEE THOMAS, MATAI WILSON AND TERRY WOOD, INTECSEA
SINCE THE RELEASE of the first Worldwide Survey of Subsea ALLIANCES, PARTNERSHIPS, AND JIPS
Processing Technology poster in Offshore in 2008, INTECSEA has Because of the costly nature of bringing the technology to mar-
monitored the status of the technologies and systems used on the ket, various alliances and partnerships have emerged (captured
seafloor to enhance reservoir recovery rates. The technologies con- on the poster in Chart 1 – Subsea Supplier Matrix). Partnerships
tinue to mature with each successful field development application. or collaborations can bring technologies which, when combined,
However, it is a long and costly process to bring the technology to result in even greater benefits. Additionally, collaborative efforts
market. And sometimes the process takes longer to find the right greatly reduce the costs associated with maturing the technology
match of the technology for a field development application. The through to each TRL (Technical Readiness Level).
greatest challenge for operators is the risk of using a new technol- An assessment of the history of subsea processing reveals, that
ogy or a combination of technologies for the first time on a project. with each field development, it is not one technology, but rather the
To justify these risks, operators require that: 1) the technology combination and integration of multiple technologies from mul-
bring a minimum of a 30% to 40% cost savings incentive, or 2) the tiple vendors which enable subsea technologies to work together
technology is the enabler for the project to proceed. Either way, to achieve the desired results. Because of the huge importance of
these are key drivers for operators to use subsea processing tech- integration, the role of one supplier to integrate and package the
nologies on their project. systems becomes critically important to the project.
1903OFF44-46.indd 44 2/28/19 4:03 PM

SUBSEA •
JIPs (joint industry projects) are another In December 2018, MAN Energy Solutions’ first subsea compression trains at Equinor’s
path for bringing subsea processing tech- Åsgard field had achieved 50,000 operating hours with nearly 100% availability. This
nology to the market. A JIP consists of a achievement helps operators to have greater confidence in the technology. And industry
specific group of operators and contractors experience with gas compression helps other operators to reduce the level of risk for their
working together to mature the subsea pro- field development conceptual studies. According to Equinor, the subsea gas compression
cessing technology from conceptual studies technology on the Åsgard field will increase the reservoir’s productive life by 15 years and
through testing and piloting, and eventu- add 282 MMboe in reservoir recovery.
ally installation and operation.
LONG-DISTANCE TIEBACKS
SUBSEA COMPRESSION Pseudo dry gas systems are an emerging technology in subsea gas production boosting
TECHNOLOGY that is a promising, economically viable alternative to compression systems for long tie-
Table 1 of the 2019 Subsea Processing backs of an approximate 100 km (62 mi) or greater. This innovative technology adapted
poster shows two major compression from surface applications helps overcome the pressure losses due to gravitational affects
projects (Åsgard and Gullfaks South Brent) in long tiebacks and deepwater depths.
which are currently operating. The success
of these projects is providing the industry
with confidence in subsea gas compres-
sion, and more operators are now concep-
tually evaluating subsea gas compression
on other projects. These potential subsea
gas compression projects are indicated
in the “Current Status” column of Table 1
with a “C” for “Conceptual Project. Unfor-
tunately, only publicly announced gas com-
pression conceptual studies can be listed
on the poster. However, according to the
contractors and system integrators, many
more such studies are under way but are
confidential at this time.
Chevron has publicly indicated that sub- The Åsgard field contains
sea gas compression is being conceptu- what is believed to be
world’s longest subsea
ally evaluated for the Jansz-Io fields which gas production tieback.
would negate the need for a multi-billion (Courtesy Equinor)
dollar offshore floating host platform. This
is a prime example of the potential for tech-
nology to produce a significant cost saving This year’s Subsea Processing poster highlights a combination of technologies that in
that far outweighs the risk introduced by the future will enable operators to recover stranded gas fields using long-distance sub-
using the technology. In the case of Jansz-lo sea tiebacks. The combined technologies of INTECSEA’s Pseudo Dry Gas liquids removal
the cost savings would be significantly unit plus Fuglesangs Subsea AS’s (FSubsea’s) Omnirise miniboosting system with Voith’s
greater than the 30% to 40% threshold. integrated variable speed torque converter and magnetic coupling will enable liquids to
The risk of certain “unknowns” is be separated within the flowline and therefore increase gas flow. The removed liquids are
reduced for operators considering subsea then pumped through tubes in the umbilical or a small diameter liquids line to the host
gas compression as Equinor gains expe- facility. The gas in the flowline contains less liquids after going through this separation
rience and publicly shares information process inline of the flowline. With dryer gas in the flowline gravitational losses decrease
about their technical success and “lessons and the production throughput greatly improves.
learned” from their Åasgard and Gullfaks
South Brent projects. ELIMINATING VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES
The timeline for bringing subsea com- Another technology is evolving due to the collaboration agreement between FSubsea and
pression technology from concept to Voith. FSubsea has integrated Voith’s torque converter in its Omnirise Subsea pump. See
Åsgard’s first compression gas was 20 years. the green box on the poster entitled: “Subsea Boosting Technology.”
Conceptual development studies started in The significance of combining these two technologies is to eliminate the need for a
1985, and operations started in September VFD (variable frequency drive) on the topsides or on the seafloor as a separate piece of
2015. Future gas compression projects will equipment. This also eliminates the need for certain topsides equipment, hydraulic fluid
be much faster due to the shared learnings connection, and signaling flying leads. FSubsea anticipates that its Omnirise Boosting
from the Åsgard and Gullfaks projects. System (1.5 MW pump shaft power) will be TRL-4 by 1Q 2020.
1903OFF44-46.indd 45 2/28/19 4:03 PM

• SUBSEA
SUBSEA WATER INJECTION production tieback at 35 km (22 mi) using a subsea boosting
Another technology that is maturing through the technical system. This tieback record is 50% of the length of the longest
readiness level process is NOV’s Seabox subsea water treat- natural flow subsea tieback distance – Shell’s Penguin A-E field
ment unit and SWIT Technology. According to NOV “the water tieback of 69.6 km (43.4 mi). In the next five to 10 years, it is
treatment is done directly at the seabed and the treated water anticipated that a combination of technologies applied to the
is pumped straight into the injection well.” The SWIT Technol- right project will enable boosting tieback distances to exceed
ogy provides the quality of water needed for injecting water in natural flow tieback records. Operators and contractors are
the injection wells “where it is needed and when it is needed.” working together to close this gap. Note that Åsgard is the lon-
This emerging technology will reduce space and equipment gest subsea gas production tieback.
on the floating host topsides, eliminate water injection flow- Graph 7 illustrates (as of February 2019) the continued
lines and risers, and simplify the subsea hardware for the water advancement of subsea boosting projects for the past 24 years
injection system. starting with Eni’s Prezioso field in 1994 at 50 m (164 ft) to Shell’s
ConocoPhillips is currently testing the system during the Stones field in 2018 at 2,927 m (9,600 ft).
2018/2019 winter season in the North Sea at an offshore plat- The graph shows how operators slowly gained experience
form. It has taken 16+ years of development funded by the and confidence in subsea boosting from 1994 to 2006. During
Norwegian Research Council, operators, and NOV in order to this time an average of one subsea processing project per year
develop and test the technology. It may become a 20-year effort was installed. Starting in 2007 the number of these projects
to get the technology in the field for full time use. installed more than doubled. And in 2014 and 2015, four to five
projects were installed. Increasingly, operators are technically
SUBSEA TIEBACK MILESTONES and economically evaluating the subsea boosting or compres-
Graph 3 from the 2019 Subsea Processing poster illustrates (as sion option as one of their field development options.
of February 2019) how the industry has continued to increase
the tieback distance for subsea boosting projects. In 2018, Mur- CONCLUSION
phy‘s Dalmatian field became the world’s longest subsea oil Evaluation and adoption of subsea processing technologies by
operators is not moving as fast and wide spread as contrac-
tors had hoped, but subsea boosting and subsea compression
projects are increasing in frequency. Some in industry feel that
the industry downturn has slowed down the number of subsea
TAKE THE PLUNGE! processing projects. However, this downturn has forced con-
tractors and operators to develop more cost-effective solutions
which ultimately will help accelerate the use of subsea process-
ing technology on projects around the world.
Deepwater Petroleum The emerging technology in the future will allow operators
Exploration & Production is to reduce equipment on the host topsides and eliminate some
the most comprehensive and
equipment on the seafloor. Simplification and size reductions
will make the technology less costly and ultimately help to
authoritative text available
economically justify a more widespread use of the technology.
on the business, engineering,
No matter what technology is used, the ultimate goal for
science, and technology all subsea processing technology is to help operators improve
of this multibillion-dollar Best-Selling
2nd Edition! the recovery percentage of the reserves by increasing the pro-
industry. ductive life of the field or accelerating the production during
the field decline. •
NEW TO THE SECOND EDITION: 372 Pages/Hardcover/2011
• New chapters on geology and geophysics,
rigs, and service vehicles EDITOR’S NOTE
• Greater coverage of engineering and scientifc This issue of Offshore contains the 2019 Worldwide Survey of
schemes used in deepwater
Subsea Processing Technology poster, the twelfth installment
• Final chapter presents the latest technology used in the “third
wave” of industry evolution of this industry resource. The primary aims of this poster are
to chronicle the development and developers of these systems
and to document the continued commitment of oil companies
ORDER TODAY! to the application of these technologies. For online access to
VISIT WWW.PENNWELLBOOKS.COM OR CALL 800-752-9764! view and download all posters, please visit http://www.off-
FIND US:
shore-mag.com/maps-posters.html.
Dpep14v_petro_150723 1 7/24/15 3:52 PM
1903OFF44-46.indd 46 2/28/19 4:03 PM

SUBSEA •
A vessel-based decommissioning approach could

reduce costs by as much as 50%, in part due to lower
spread rates. (All images courtesy Oceaneering)
Vessel-based decommissioning
system offers economic alternative
Innovative approach employed on North Sea campaigns
FRANCIS MCGEEHAN, DAVID COULL, AND JAVIER FALCON, OCEANEERING
WELL DECOMMISSIONING is traditionally performed from Two major North Sea operators needed a plan for an eight-well
drilling rigs due to the complexity of operations and the avail- plug and abandonment (P&A) and well severance campaign in
able technologies and methods, which often include risers, the Danish and Norwegian sectors of the North Sea. Because a
divers, and explosives. However, rigs are expensive to operate wide range of equipment was needed for different workscopes,
compared to vessels, and often do not have the flexibility to the campaign was divided into two distinct phases to reduce
change locations on short notice. the operators’ costs without compromising operational effi-
Increasingly, operators are looking to a vessel-based ciency or safety.
approach—as well as the innovative application of tooling
solutions—to not only keep decommissioning project costs PHASE ONE
down, but also to reduce non-productive time and safety risks The project’s first phase focused on two wells offshore Denmark.
to workers. A vessel-based approach could reduce costs by as Work involved casing cutting and pulling and annulus perfora-
much as 50%, in part due to lower spread rates and the abil- tion on a mudline suspension well. However, the most signifi-
ity of vessels to quickly move. Additional cost reductions are cant challenge of the campaign’s first phase was presented by
achieved through the ability to live stream operations, which the second well. This well had a temporary abandonment (TA)
enables faster decision making and allows some operations cap that needed to be removed, and the potential existed for
to be controlled remotely. Further cost reductions also can be retained pressure to be found below the TA cap.
realized with multi-client campaigns where mobilization and Previous attempts to safely gauge pressure below the TA cap
transit costs are shared. using standard procedures had failed due to an unusual field
Oceaneering employed a vessel-based approach in 3Q 2018 for modification made 30 years ago. In case operations had to be
the most recent phase of a six-year decommissioning campaign. suspended, the physical tooling solution’s final arrangement also
1903OFF47-48.indd 47 2/28/19 4:03 PM

• SUBSEA
needed to be capable of being left in situ without concern for expected, requiring a bridge plug be mobilized from shore.
an uncontrolled release of hydrocarbons into the environment. Since starting work for this operator in 2012, Oceaneering has
The decommissioning team and supply chain partners deter- conducted P&A operations for 28 suspended exploration and
mined they would need to source existing oilfield equipment appraisal wells, mostly mudline suspension wells drilled between
that could be quickly and cost-effectively repurposed to offer 1966 and 1998 in water depths ranging from 110 ft to 237 ft.
a competent technical and commercial solution. Instead of
employing normal drill pipe intervention techniques, the team PHASE TWO
used an annular BOP as a stripper, mating it to a proprietary The project’s second phase—conducted from the offshore con-
slip-lock conductor connector, in a new tooling configuration struction vessel Olympic Zeus—centered on well cementation,
called the conductor stripper assembly (CSA). well severance, wellhead recovery, debris clearance and seabed
The CSA was tested and then deployed in combination with clearance survey activity for six wells offshore Denmark and
a specially constructed workstring arrangement. The work- Norway. The integrated project team was provided with well
string arrangement allowed for the subsea containment, moni- data, well-specific work programs, wellhead severance tooling,
toring, venting, fluid diversion, and automatic pressure relief of the Olympic Zeus and a Magnum work-class ROV.
any potential well fluids—all while allowing the workstring to Beyond the normal scope of supply, the team also deployed
operate with a mixture of manual-operated equipment (chain an existing cement support tool (CST) in a new manner. To
tong) and mechanical-operated (drill pipe tongs) equipment prevent cement from slumping inside a well, a retainer is typi-
and without returns to the vessel. cally set—usually a mechanical plugging device such as a bridge
The CSA was deployed with plug—inside the wellbore at
the MV Island Valiant vessel. The the lowest elevation that the
project team also enabled 24/7 cement plug will be set. How-
live streaming of subsea oper- ever, this method can be both
ations direct to the operator’s complex to run and expensive
project team. The live stream- due to the one-time use of the
ing improved efficiency as it component, additional equip-
allowed the onshore teams to ment requirements and need for
review what was occurring in additional personnel offshore.
real time. It also eliminated the First, the CST was placed
need to send video clips and inside a deployment stinger
images and descriptions back tool. Next, a water hose was
and forth for discussion, or for then attached to the top of
an operator to send a repre- the stinger. Finally, water was
sentative offshore to monitor pumped down the hose into the
A vessel-based approach was employed in 3Q 2018 for two North
operations. Sea operators that required a wide range of equipment.
stinger, which in turn pumped
The first well that the team water out of the CST tool,
worked on was prepared for the subsequent setting of a sur- allowing it to open and set at the required depth. The CST was
face cement plug. The second well was inspected, the condition deployed with the vessel’s 20-ton offshore construction crane
verified and original equipment manufacturer documentation and guided into place by the ROV.
provided to the client. Finally, all the wellheads were cut 10 ft below the mudline (sea-
The first phase not only marked a new application of existing bed) using the patented abrasive water jet cutting technology
tooling, but also was conducted from a vessel instead of a jackup developed by Oceaneering, and all debris was recovered so the
drilling rig. This particular operator first approached Oceaneer- seabed was returned to its original state. All project HSE, opera-
ing in 2012 for information on the flexibility and cost-effective- tional and KPI objectives of no harm to workers, no high poten-
ness of a vessel-based solution for the P&A of North Sea wells. tial incidents, no environmental harm, and no falling objects also
Multiple rig moves would have been cost prohibitive as these were achieved without the use of divers, guide wires, or explosives.
wells were not in the same area. The campaign’s first phase was completed in 16.5 days, with
Using a vessel not only saved the operator the costs of rent- an average of five days per well (excluding transits and mobi-
ing and moving a jackup, but also provided the ability to change lizations). The second phase was completed in 15 days, with
locations if an unexpected challenge arose. This capability an average of 16 hours per well (excluding transits and mobi-
allowed work to continue while a solution for a challenge was lizations). Using a vessel-based approach to decommission-
simultaneously developed. During the campaign, the vessel had ing substantially reduced the transit time to and from the site.
to change locations when the TA cap encountered proved to be As the oil and gas industry continues to focus on cutting
a different type than that specified in records. Due to this dis- costs and reducing workers’ exposure to safety risks, the use
covery, the TA cap assessment had to be performed onshore. of a vessel-based approach to decommissioning will likely con-
The top of an existing bridge plug was also found deeper than tinue to grow in the years to come. •
1903OFF47-48.indd 48 2/28/19 4:03 PM

EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING •
Production optimization platform offers

enhanced predictive failure analytics
WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL
plc has announced a major enhance-
ment to the ForeSite production opti-
mization platform. Among the top
features of the new release is expanding
predictive failure analytics to electric
submersible pumping systems (ESPs)
and adding complete optimization
capabilities for plunger-lifted wells.
The platform is deigned to expand
on its ability to reciprocate rod lift by
adding predictive failure analytics for
ESP systems. By predicting an ESP fail-
ure before it happens, the company says
that this capability not only reduces
failure frequency, it also reduces total
downtime and lost production by
enabling proactive failure management
and planning.
Adding plunger-lift optimization
builds on previous optimization capa-
bilities in rod lift, gas lift, natural drive,
and ESP-lifted wells. Rather than the
status quo—using a trial-and-error
method to adjust operating pressures—
ForeSite enables real-time optimization
and surveillance along with intelligent
alerts, well modeling, plunger-cycle
design and more.
Weatherford also says that the plat-
form is now also edge-computing ready.
Combined with advanced IoT-enabled
hardware and CygNet SCADA software,
placing ForeSite modeling capabili-
ties at the wellsite can increase asset
Weatherford says that its enhanced ForeSite offering now provides predictive failure
profitability, productivity, and uptime. analytics for ESP systems and complete optimization capabilities for plunger-lifted wells.
The capability paves the way for the
next-generation automation system,
ForeSite Edge, the company says. across wells, reservoirs, and surface facilities on a single, secure platform, in
Finally, Weatherford says that the May 2017.
enhancement includes automated well “Since its launch, ForeSite has been deployed around the world with unmatched
testing and the ability to execute well- success, enabling operators to identify and prioritize their production opportu-
work activities in the field via ForeSite nities,” said Kyle Chapman, President of Production for Weatherford. “Simply
Mobile. put, the new ForeSite release gives operators the field-wide intelligence that they
Weatherford first introduced the need to monetize their data. The new capabilities added to ForeSite combine an
platform, which combines phys- unprecedented ability to monitor performance and recognize current and future
ics-based models with advanced data improvement opportunities across all reservoirs, wells, surface equipment, and
analytics to improve performance pipelines. This is the field of the future.” •
1903OFF49-53.indd 49 2/28/19 4:03 PM

• EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING
Crane adapted for deeper water wind farms

STUART SMITH, SPARROWS GROUP
NEAR-SHORE WIND FARMS are tra-

ditionally located in water depths of up
to 30 m (98 ft), with mono-pile foun-
dations mounted to the seabed. Typi-
cally, standard davit cranes with short
fixed booms are deployed from these
installations to lift and lower materi-
als from supply vessels. However, as
wind farms move into deeper waters,
the foundation changes to a lattice or
jacket with a wider footprint, increas-
ing the crane’s radius requirements in
order to reach the supply vessel. This
in turn creates a need for a more tradi-
tional offshore-type crane with greater
functionality.
Sparrows Group has devised a new
lifting solution, the WindMaster crane,
to accommodate the larger structures
in deeper waters. It employs an 8-m (26-
ft) boom with full powered slewing, luff-
ing and hoisting functions that allow it
to access decks of supply vessels even in
higher sea states. Recently the company
signed a contract to supply 103 Wind-
Master cranes for installation at Scot-
tishPower Renewables’ 714-MW East
Anglia ONE wind farm off the Suffolk
coast in southeast England. This is due
to generate first power later in the year
and should be fully operational by 2020.
A crane will be installed on each of the
farm’s 102 wind turbines with a further
crane used for training purposes.
STRENGTH ASSESSMENT
All cranes have a deflection rate – an
ability to flex so that they can absorb
the loading forces that come from lift-
ing a heavy weight in a dynamic situ-
ation – and accuracy was critical in
order to reduce the load impact of the
new design. Ropes provide most of the
required deflection due to their flexi-
bility: one of the main challenges was
to optimize the hoist ropes to ensure
sufficient strength to comply with min-
imum safety requirements but at the WindMaster crane under development. (All Images courtesy Sparrows Group)
same time not to the extent that they
1903OFF49-53.indd 50 2/28/19 4:03 PM

Hydraulic apprentice under supervision.
became too rigid, as this which would increase the dynamic

forces that affect the specification of all the other crane
components.
Unmanned wind turbines require regular maintenance
and a robust protection system is a must to prevent corro-
sion. Cranes on offshore turbines are generally 15-25 m (49-
82 ft) from the water line: as steel naturally corrodes in this
environment, alternative materials were adopted where pos-
sible for the new design such as nylons, GRP and stainless
steels. A protective paint system was applied with care taken
to avoid potential contact with or chipping of the coating
that might degrade the corrosion resistance. For areas of Sparrows has transferred its knowledge from years of expe-
the crane where stainless steel and general carbon steel are rience in the offshore oil and gas industry for the new off-
in contact, an insulator was applied to limit the impact of shore crane. As the renewables sector continues to expand
accelerated galvanic corrosion that can often occur between and evolve, new challenges will emerge, and the supply chain
these materials. must be prepared to adapt and meet those needs. •
Due to a lack of regular accessibility once deployed in-field
(since the turbines are unmanned), reliability of the crane THE AUTHOR
would be critical. To eliminate the chance of water ingress Stuart Smith is head of design and technology
and material deterioration a PTFE coating protection was at Sparrows Group.
applied on steel components in combination with a marine
sealant. For pinned connections, a two-part xylan coating
was adopted consisting of a xylar hard bonding agent with
a xylan PTFE coating on top, which insulates the material.
Nylon was used for the crane sheaves and spacers inserted
between any moving components to provide wear protection.
1903OFF49-53.indd 51 2/28/19 4:03 PM

EQUIPMENT & ENGINEERING
Motion compensation technology improves

decommissioning operations
VINCENT THÖNISSEN, AMPELMANN
DECOMMISSIONING DONE SAFELY

and efficiently is what clients expect,
especially so in the North Sea. Ampel-
mann, an offshore access solutions and
services provider, has seen a rise in the
demand for its technology to enable
the safe and efficient transfer of per-
sonnel, utilities, and cargo during the
late life and decommissioning of off-
shore platforms.
Over the past year, the company
has worked together with a heavy-lift
marine contractor to help prepare an
offshore platform in the southern North
Sea for decommissioning. With the use
of the Ampelmann A-type gangway sys-
tem, the client was able to reach the
multiple landing locations necessary
to remove the platform in parts. The
A-type also provided a safe escape route
An Ampelmann gangway system assists decommissioning of an offshore platform.
in the case of an emergency. (Courtesy Ampelmann)
More recently, the company worked
on and completed a short shutdown Ampelmann is working with the Oil & Gas Technology Centre (OGTC) to
campaign to allow production-enhanc- develop a life support solution that enables clients to keep operational costs low
ing work to take place. during late life and decommissioning. Launched in February 2017, the OGTC is a
The main challenge in the late life not-for-profit, research and knowledge company, which aims to become the go-to
and decommissioning stages of a plat- technology center for the oil and gas industry in the UK and globally.
form is maintaining efficient opera- The concept that the two companies are working on essentially uses motion
tions. Production is decreasing steadily, compensation to provide a host of services year-round to maintain aging and
while it still takes resources to keep all dormant facilities awaiting final lift preparations. Utilities such as water, high
utilities functional. The key is in find- pressure air, diesel, and power can be delivered with personnel on a dedicated
ing innovative offshore solutions that vessel. It is a scalable, modular, and a re-useable system along with being capable
can keep the last two aligned. of providing piece meal decommissioning services also by use of its innovative
One of the largest decommissioning motion compensated lifting platform.
expenses for an asset owner is the oper- OGTC and Ampelmann are in the feasibility stage of the project actively look-
ation of the facility, including power ing for industry input and potential partners. Decommissioning as well as most
generation and utilities, also known of the offshore access industry is becoming increasingly collaborative. It is plug-
as ‘life support’ systems, from when it ging in the right solution at the right time. By working together, various industry
ceases production to completion. stakeholders can combine innovative solutions and services to get the most out
With full motion compensation tech- of their decommissioning operations.
nology, operational costs are optimized
by extending the weather window,
decreasing the duration of campaigns,
and providing alternatives to capital-in-
tensive assets, such as jackup rigs and
heavy-lift vessels.
1903OFF49-53.indd 52 2/28/19 4:03 PM

This sample of Magma’s m-pipe is about to undergo a burst

test and has been fitted with strain gauges to record effects as
pressure inside the pipe increases. Displacement transducers
will record any movement of the end fittings relative to the
pipe. (Courtesy Magma Global)
HWCG selects m-pipe for emergency

well containment riser
HWCG, A DEEPWATER oil and gas emergency response con- The consortium’s members have identified a range of poten-
sortium for the US Gulf of Mexico, has commissioned Magma tial demanding containment scenarios requiring high-pressure/
Global to qualify m-pipe for a 350°F (177°C), 15,000-psig rated high-temperature performance. HWCG selected m-pipe for its
riser to augment its emergency well containment system. pressure and temperature performance, its lightweight and flex-
The lightweight, flexible m-pipe section, HWCG claims, will ible properties which enable heave compensation at the base
enable a quicker response in shallow waters and for floating of a steel riser, because it is suitable for a wide range of fluids,
production facilities where vertical access may be a challenge. provides low frictional resistance, and is resistant to abrasion.
The flexible riser would remain in a ready-for-deployment Andy Butcher, Test Engineering Manager at Magma Global
mode on the US Gulf Coast for deployment following a subsea said: “The m-pipe design has already undergone extensive test-
well blowout. When installed to capture hydrocarbons it could ing, both to assess materials properties and performance of
remain in place for up to six months while a relief well is drilled. the carbon fiber composite pipe, and the interface of end fittings
The company says the design envisions approximately 800 ft to the pipe under typical operating conditions. The operational
(244 m) of m-pipe connected on one end to a rigid riser and on requirements for the HWCG applications are at temperatures
the other end to the incident well. The m-pipe will form a lazy above the normal test conditions. Therefore, Magma will carry
wave between the two rigid ends thereby decoupling motions out additional testing to confirm m-pipe performs satisfactorily
and improving operability. Using a temporary flowback solu- at elevated temperatures for deployments of up to six months.
tion, hydrocarbons are processed via the riser system and then “These additional tests will include assessing the perfor-
collected in tankers for transportation. mance of the pipe and end fittings while subjected to the pres-
The consortium requires the flexible section to be lightweight sure and higher temperatures required for HWCG. Burst tests
and easy to handle offshore to enable rapid deployment. It must will be used to determine the pressure that failure occurs. There
also be resistant to degradation with continuous exposure to will also be tests to assess the long-term effects of pressure com-
hydrocarbons at temperatures up to 350°F, pressures up to bined with the HWCG high temperature requirement. This will
15,000 psi (1,034 bar) and water depths of up to 10,000 ft (3,048 involve test items being subjected to a constant pressure while
m). Magma will qualify a 6-in. nominal ID m-pipe specimen to also being maintained at high temperature for six months.” •
meet the specified project requirements before manufacturing
the final pipe order.
1903OFF49-53.indd 53 2/28/19 4:03 PM

• BUSINESS BRIEFS
PEOPLE COMPANY NEWS

Brian F. Maxted, chief exploration officer and found- Exxon Mobil Corp. says it will
ing partner of Kosmos Energy, has retired. The com- streamline its upstream organization
pany has appointed Tracey Henderson as chief and centralize project delivery across
exploration officer. the company to support its plans to
Chevron Corp. has appointed Pierre Breber as double operating cash flow and earn-
vice president and CFO, effective April 1. He succeeds Friar McWhirr
ings by 2025. Effective April 1, the re-
Patricia Yarrington, who has decided to retire after organization will involve creation of
38 years with the company. three new upstream companies. Exx-
Effective April 1, Liam Mallon will become pres- onMobil Upstream Oil & Gas Co.
ident of ExxonMobil Upstream Oil & Gas Co.; Steve will focus on end-to-end value chain
Greenlee will become president of ExxonMobil Up- management in five distinct global
stream Business Development Co.; Linda DuCha- businesses – unconventional, liquefied
rme, will become president of ExxonMobil Upstream natural gas, deepwater, heavy oil, and
Integrated Solutions Co.; and Neil Duffin will become Lumsden Wilson
conventional. ExxonMobil Upstream
president of ExxonMobil Global Projects Co. Business Development Co. will over-
MODEC has appointed Yuji Kozai as president see strategy development, exploration,
and CEO and Toshiro Miyazaki as chairman of the acquisitions and divestments and ac-
board. tively manage the upstream portfolio.
US President Donald Trump has nominated David ExxonMobil Upstream Integrated
Bernhardt as Secretary of the Interior. Solutions Co. will provide technical
Eugene T. Coleman, executive vice president, and specialized commercial skills, such
Exploration and Business Development at Murphy Sledzik Musayev
as drilling, research and technology,
Oil Corp., has elected to retire after 17 years with the gas and power market optimization,
company. Michael K. McFadyen has assumed re- and the global deployment of
sponsibility for Exploration and David R. Looney resources.
for Business Development. SBM Offshore is adopting a new
Wintershall Middle East has appointed Helge resourcing model to support antici-
Beuthan as general manager. pated growth in demand for offshore
MHWirth has appointed Pete Miller as executive engineering services. It will involve not
Bradshaw Misner
chairman and Eirik Bergsvik as CEO. only recruiting new engineering staff,
Schlumberger has named Olivier Le Peuch as but also a much higher degree of sub-
COO. contracting of partner companies and
Hoover Ferguson has appointed Kevin Friar as individuals than in the past, giving
president. flexibility to ramp up or down depend-
Xodus Group has named Caragh McWhirr as ing on market conditions. As part of
innovation manager. this new arrangement the company is
Ryan Lumsden has joined Saab Seaeye as business creating a ‘high value engineering cen-
Clow Abbott
development manager. ter’ in Bangalore, India, with long-term
ROVOP has appointed Lee Wilson to the newly created role of partner Nauvata which will provide
head of technology. detailed design services for SBM Off-
Renato Bastos has joined Airborne Oil & Gas as vice president shore projects. The new center will
Brazil. initially have a light structure but will
Jim Sledzik has joined Saudi Aramco Energy Ventures-US LLC as be able to respond to a rapid growth
managing director. in workload.
Nizami Musayev has joined Tendeka as area manager in James Fisher and Sons plc has
Russia. Whittaker acquired Saudi Arabia-based Murjan
Peter Bradshaw has joined Tata Steel as technical sales manager Al-Sharq Marine Contracting LLC.
– Energy & Power. The acquisition harnesses local talent
Pharma-Safe Industrial has hired DeWayne Misner as executive vice president of to bolster provision in the nearshore
health, safety and environmental management. marine construction and maintenance
Stuart Clow has joined OPITO as director to support global operations. market.
ValvTechnologies Inc. has appointed Mark Abbott as director of engineering and BP Ventures is providing $5 million
Keith Whittaker as director of global quality management. •
1903OFF54-56.indd 54 2/28/19 4:03 PM

BUSINESS BRIEFS •
in finance to Belmont Technology to support the major’s process, to provide what is claimed to be a simple, flexible and
artificial intelligence (AI) and digital capabilities in its Upstream swift method for removing redundant subsea equipment and
business. The Houston-based technology start-up has devel- tubulars. ICLT is due to be fully commercialized soon.
oped a cloud-based geoscience platform that employs AI. The John Lawrie Group (JLG) will establish a new metal re-
platform’s capabilities include specially-designed ‘knowl- cycling and decommissioning base at the Port of Dundee on
edge-graphs,’ with BP supplying the platform geology, geophys- Scotland’s east coast after reaching an agreement with Forth
ics, reservoir and historic project data. This information is Ports. The two organizations will invest a combined £5 million
intuitively linked together, identifying new connections and ($6.46 million) in redeveloping an existing two-acre site to
workflows, creating a knowledge-graph of the company’s create a new purpose-built concrete pad. JLG will use it to
subsurface assets. BP engineers can ask the knowledge-graph dismantle redundant offshore infrastructure brought ashore
questions in natural language, with the technology using AI and for metal processing operations. The company’s metals
neural networks to interpret the results and conduct fast division will run the new facility, which is due to be operational
simulations. According to BP, the goal is to accelerate the in early 2020, at which point up to 10 new full-time jobs will
project lifecycle process, from exploration through reservoir be created.
modeling, via a 90% reduction in the time taken for data Ampelmann has opened a new office in Sakhalin,
compilation, interpretation, and simulation. The investment Russia.
will allow Belmont to grow its workforce, extend Sandy’s ca- SNC-Lavalin Group has opened its new European head-
pabilities, and accelerate deployment of the product. quarters at Nova North in Westminster.
WellConnection Group, a Norwegian inspection, main- Leonardo has opened its Gulf of Mexico Support Center
tenance and repair company, has acquired Peterhead-based in Broussard, Louisiana. The 21,000-sq ft (1,951-sq m) facility
Independent Oilfield Services (IOS). This deal marks the provides blade repair, spare parts, and technical support.
company’s entrance into the UK market. IOS will change its Bagwell Energy Services has announced plans to create
name to WellConnection IOS. 150 new jobs in the next five years and make a $2.5 million
Oil Spill Response Ltd. (OSRL) has expanded its member capital investment at its Port of Delcambre fabrication center
offer with the launch of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in Iberia Parish. The investment will add precision fabrication
service. The new service aims to enhance preparedness and equipment for process industry piping and vessels, install new
response capabilities to better support members’ needs in the bridge cranes, and build a 15,000-sq ft (1,394-sq m) addition
event of a spill. OSRL has signed call-off agreements with to its fabrication center and a 4,000-sq ft (372-sq m) addition
several third-party UAV providers including Bristow Aerial to its painting-and-blasting facility. The project will retain 46
Solutions, Sky-Futures, and Vertical Horizon Media. The existing jobs while creating 150 new direct jobs.
call-off agreements will provide its members with pre-agreed Airbus Helicopters Inc., based in Grand Prairie, Texas, is
rates, defined mobilization procedures, and a standardized celebrating 50 years of sales and support for US helicopter
approach to managing common preparedness and response operators, while Airbus Helicopters Canada Ltd., located
activity. in Fort Erie, Ontario, is marking its 35-year milestone.
Global Marine Group (GMG) has acquired a 13.8% interest Bishop Lifting Products has acquired Woods Logging
in subsea survey/ROV specialist Rovco. GMG, which has three and Industrial Supply, a spooling services, rigging products,
business units – Global Offshore, CWind, and Global Marine wire rope and hydraulic solutions provider.
– will work with Rovco to provide wide-ranging subsea solu- Penspen has opened an office in Bogota, Colombia.
tions to improve data acquisition. Survitec has opened a new service and distribution hub
Subsea equipment rental, sales and services provider in Singapore.
Ashtead Technology has formed a strategic partnership with Claxton has opened a new office in Stavanger, Norway.
4Subsea. Ashtead will add 4Subsea’s sensors to its IMR services Wind Point Partners has entered into definitive agree-
portfolio, also gaining access to 4Subsea’s specialists in subsea ments to simultaneously acquire and merge Clock Spring
production, well intervention, and drilling. In turn, 4Subsea Company Inc. and Neptune Research LLC. The combined
should strengthen its position in the global sensor market by business will be named ClockSpring|NRI.
accessing hardware and digital services delivered through Danos has reached a tentative agreement to acquire the
Ashtead’s network which includes facilities in Aberdeen, Abu assets and business of Shamrock Energy Solutions, a pri-
Dhabi, Halifax, Houston, and Singapore. vately held 22-year-old oilfield service company, based in
James Fisher Offshore and First Subsea have teamed Houma, Louisiana. The deal is expected to be effective this
up to develop internal cut and lift technology (ICLT) for offshore month and will increase the number of Danos employees by
decommissioning projects. The development combines James nearly 50%, from 2,200 to 3,200. The closing is subject to certain
Fisher’s abrasive jet cutting technique with First Subsea’s ball remaining contingencies. •
and taper internal lifting tools, including the Ballgrab gripping
1903OFF54-56.indd 55 2/28/19 4:03 PM

• BEYOND THE HORIZON
Improved collaboration can drive

down drilling opex
THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY was plunged into turmoil However, offshore drilling is also subject to stringent envi-
when oil prices crashed in 2014. To get back on track, it has ronmental legislation that has led to the industry being increas-
been forced to devise and implement new ways of working and ingly regulated. Environmental taxation, in Europe in particular,
embrace new solutions in order to remain profitable, while the is a major motivator for the offshore sector to find new ways
price of oil continues to fluctuate. At the same time, offshore of reducing its carbon-dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen-oxide (NOx)
operators and drilling contractors have had to step up efforts emissions. Regulations will only get tougher, so ignoring this
to reduce their environmental footprint so as to comply with dilemma is no longer possible.
new legislative demands, while at the same time seeking ways To reduce the environmental footprint, some level of capex
of shrinking their operating expenditures. investment is unavoidable. This however presents a challenge
Effecting sustainable opex reductions is no simple matter. as the capex burden increasingly rests with the drilling con-
It involves careful risk management, better cost predictions, tractor, whereas the lower opex achieved by reducing the en-
and an increased commitment to remote services in order to, vironmental footprint tends to benefit the oil company. Until
for example, maximize the availability of equipment, optimize recently, oil companies have had to bear the cost of fuel as well
fuel costs, and prevent unforeseen issues. With the responsibility as the taxes on CO2 and NOx emissions. However, a clear trend
for fuel costs increasingly shifting from oil companies to drilling is now emerging whereby the fuel costs of drilling operations
contractors, streamlining these services can have a favorable is shifting from the oil company to the drilling contractor and
impact on the profitability of a contractor’s operations. with it, the relevant taxes.
Smart technologies are available that enable step-changes A sustainable reduction in energy consumption and emissions
in efficient and which provide environmental and financial requires digital mapping and a baseline of the asset’s environ-
benefits. One favored way for operators to reduce opex is to mental impact. When this baseline is linked to the relevant
switch to unmanned offshore operations. Drilling contractors energy consumption data, it is easy to identify improvement
are moving in the same direction, however not at the same areas and to calculate the return on investment (ROI).
speed. One example is the ballast control room operator, which In the present uncertain scenarios, the oil and gas industry
is no longer an individual role for the majority of floating drilling needs to find new ways of operating and new set-ups to ensure
rigs as was the case in the past. sustainable profitability. This requires joint efforts between oil
Increasingly technological enhancements are eliminating companies, drilling contractors, and third-party service pro-
more personnel positions on rigs. Today technologies are be- viders, with all sharing the gain or pain of an operation. When
coming available for running engine control rooms fully un- each party carries a share of the risk but also shares in the re-
manned, which is already a standard way of working in the wards, the motivation for collective success is high.
marine sector. Manned engine rooms are enforced to ensure For service partners, it means looking beyond mere main-
fast intervention in the case of a failure. The industry needs to tenance toward helping the oil company and the drilling con-
recognize that technology has advanced, and blackout recovery tractor reduce their opex in a sustainable way, while at the
situations are resolved more slowly with human intervention same time improving the efficiency of their operations and
than with an automated sequence. ensuring better environmental performance. For drilling con-
In the same way, primary DP operations are increasingly being tractors, a growing awareness of, and attention to, the envi-
moved onshore. DP operations can be handled in an onshore ronmental footprint may well increase the costs of keeping
control center, lowering costs and increasing the flexibility for operations sustainable at all times. On the other hand, a
manning the position. Wärtsilä has successfully tested remote drilling contractor’s proven ability to deliver both environmen-
DP operations of an offshore supply vessel in the North Sea, tal sustainability and low operational costs will, in today’s
controlled from San Diego, California. To draw on a parallel form climate, increase its chance of winning the next oil company
outside the industry, remotely controlled military drones are contract. •
now deployed routinely for combat operations across continents:
in the same may remote offshore operations are now well es- JESPER BONDE, WÄRTSILÄ OIL & GAS
tablished and proven to be technically feasible.
This page reflects viewpoints on the political, economic, cultural, technological, and environmental issues that shape the future of the petroleum industry.
Offshore Magazine invites you to share your thoughts. Email your Beyond the Horizon manuscript to David Paganie at davidp@pennwell.com.
1903OFF54-56.indd 56 2/28/19 4:03 PM

ADVERTISERS’ INDEX
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1903OFFC1-C5.indd 3 2/28/19 4:04 PM

That was This is
Then Now
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Introducing Subsea 2.0TM

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1903OFFC1-C5.indd1 4
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March 2019

World Trends and Technology for Offshore Oil and Gas

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For more than a century we have helped our

Discover more at woodmakeitpossible.com

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Volume 79, Number 3

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LATEST NEWS AVAILABLE AT OFFSHORE-MAG.COM VP AND GROUP PUBLISHING DIRECTOR

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Subsea sector benefiting from

MARCH 2019 OFFSHORE | WWW.OFFSHORE-MAG.COM7

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Fleet utilization rate, %

projects would be around $6.4 billion.

Offshore rig contracting 50

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Time, cost and safety efficient

KaMOS® Kammprofil Gasket

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BOEM DETAILS NEXT REGION-WIDE GULF OF MEXICO

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JIP TO DEVELOP BEST PRACTICE ROV/AUV SYSTEM PROVES DOCKING CAPABILITY

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Copyright © 2019 Oceaneering International, Inc. All rights reserved.

Connect with what’s next at oceaneering.com

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Agile thinking. Engineering change.

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Challenges remain for seismic survey

BRUCE BEAUBOUEF, MANAGING EDITOR

WHILE MUCH of the offshore industry is

20 WWW.OFFSHORE-MAG.COM | OFFSHORE MARCH 2019

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PGS’s Ramform Tethys, first launched March

PGS reports that Phase 4 of the

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OFFSHORE WORLDWIDE SEISMIC VESSEL SURVEY

length (m) x width (m))

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media (type or cartridge

used and transmission

Acquisition capability Technical capability

2,000 X — — X X — — — X X X 3592 VSAT

sqkm — X X — X X — X X X X 3592 512K

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