Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
_____________________
A Research Work
Presented to Senior High School Faculty
of Antonio P. Villar National High School
Sto. Tomas, Pangasinan
_____________________
In partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersions
_____________________
BY:
Jayson P. De Leon
Glences John S. De Leon
Mark John V. Orenia
Rovelyn M. Riego
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreign Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Local Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 9
Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10,11,12
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Subjects of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Sampling Technique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Data Gathering Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Data Gathering Instrument. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Questionnaire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 2.b
List of Statement Indicators for the Students’
Anxiety Level in Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, 21
Table 3
Relationship between the Students’ Self-Efficacy
and Anxiety in Mathematics to the Profile Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Table 4.a (ANNOVA Results on the Mean
Difference of the Self-Efficacy of Students) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, 24, 25
Other Materials
Appendix A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Appendix B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
ABSTRACT
Anxiety.”
who are much indulge to mathematics and engineering disciplines. The Grade in
Recent Mathematics subject also affect the level of self-efficacy of the students
through the grades they are obtaining in their mathematics classes that
corresponds to their efficiency in the mathematics field. Students’ sex also highly
affect the level of anxiety of students wherein males experienced higher anxiety
than females.
The strand also affect their level of anxiety as the STEM students
experienced hard time in catching up with the concepts as well as the demand and
Learning Time in order to help other students to cope with the lessons.
Chapter I
iii
THE PROBLEM
be more motivated to learn and more likely to persist when presented with
Students base most of their beliefs about their abilities on their mastery
mathematics courses will most likely believe that they have the ability to succeed
themselves succeeding with particular tasks. Although this does not contribute as
succeeding in mathematics. The final two sources contribute the least to students’
negative, from peers, teachers, and parents. Physiological states refer to the
Thomas found that mathematics self-efficacy, along with other affective factors
mathematics.
related to general anxiety as well as test anxiety, but it also extends to a more
anxiety involves feelings of tension and anxiety that interfere with the manipulation
of numbers and the solving of mathematical problems in a wide variety of ordinary
mathematics anxiety varies based on each individual student. Students who suffer
from higher levels of mathematics anxiety typically develop negative attitudes and
those students with mathematics anxiety are more likely to avoid taking
2
mathematics courses in college. Perhaps the most severe consequence of
Rhymer found that students with higher levels of mathematics anxiety had
mathematics.
and anxiety relate to each other. Previous research has focused on measuring and
how researchers understand and measure these constructs and how instructors
3
This study aims to determine the self-efficacy and anxiety on Senior High
School students of Antonio P. Villar National High School. It also seeks to answer
1. What is the profile of the respondents with respect to the following variables:
a. Age
b. Sex
c. Grade Level
Research Hypothesis
The following hypotheses are tested in their null form at 0.05 alpha level of
significance.
This study is delimited to all Senior High School students under Academic
Track. The investigation will focus on determining the students’ self-efficacy and
anxiety in Mathematics and the efficient way to help them improve. The targeted
respondents of this research are the Grade 11 and Grade 12 students under
The result of this research work will benefit the following groups of people.
Students - The study will reveal the attitudes, strengths and weaknesses
Parents - The results of this study will inform the parents about the
necessary attention, guidance and support they should give to their children in
order for them to make creative and innovative way of teaching styles and
Principal – The outcome of this study will help the Principal in making and
Definition of Terms
To facilitate understanding to
5 this present research work the following
terms are defined theoretically and operationally.
disorder and panic attacks, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, selective mutism,
something.
Hypothesis- an idea or theory that is not proven but leads to further study
or discussion.
CHAPTER II
6
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter presents the local and foreign literatures and studies beneficial
Mathematics Self-Efficacy
has been linked with motivation. It has been established that students with higher
levels of self-efficacy tend to be more motivated to learn than their peers and are
more likely to persist when presented with challenges ( Pajares & Graham ,2011;
that self-efficacy should be measured closed to the time that the task would take
place. This proximity helps students to make more accurate judgments about their
Hall and Ponton (2012) set out to explore the differences between students
achievement than calculus students and are therefore less likely to have higher
Hackett and Betz (2013) found that students’ levels of mathematics self-
efficacy are better predictor of their educational and career choices that the
actual achievement.
Betz and Hackett (2011); Pajares and Miller (2012) have found a significant
Pajares and Miller (2014) found that college students tend to incorrectly
Mathematics Anxiety
8
Richardson and Suinn (2012), found that Mathematics anxiety can also
problems.
Cates and Rhymer (2013) found that students with higher levels of
mathematics.
Wilson and Thorton (2015) have also shown that teachers’ attitudes toward
both students and the courses they are teaching can influence how students
would develop negative emotions and attitudes toward mathematics, causing them
students reported that their first stressful experiences in mathematics were at the
students to take longer with mathematical tasks but also degrades students’
accuracy.
Zettle and Houghton (2013) found that college-age men are less likely than
women to report feelings of anxiety toward mathematics because the men believe
that it is socially unacceptable for men to experience mathematics anxiety. This
finding suggests that researchers will have a more difficult time measuring the
Conceptual Framework
mathematics, it is often assumed that highly motivated college students are more
likely to achieve and perform at higher levels than less motivated students. It is
students who feel more confident than their peers in their abilities in mathematics
and have less anxiety toward mathematics are more likely to be motivated to learn
10
and therefore succeed in mathematics (Middleton & Spanias, 1999).
that is external to the task. For example, in school, students might be motivated to
study for tests in order to receive a good grade. Intrinsic motivation is when an
individual’s motivation comes from the task itself. In school, this can result from
students being motivated to study for a test because of the satisfaction they receive
goals. When a student sets learning goals, the goals are related to successfully
understanding the material, learning new skills, or mastering tasks. The desired
result is not just to complete the task, but to have gained some type of
concerned only with the outcome of the task. For example, students with
performance goals will not necessarily strive for understanding concepts if they
Although extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, along with goal orientation, are
11
important to academic motivation, the exploration of the relationship between
Fishbein, 2015; Eklof, 2016; Wigfield, Tonks, & Eccles, 2014), which emphasizes
the importance of individuals’ beliefs about a variety of issues and how these
(expectancy components) and their beliefs about the value of the tasks (value
11
components). To apply this framework to mathematics self-efficacy and
Chapter III
12
METHODOLOGY
technique and procedure, data gathering procedure and the data gathering
instrument will be used in this present study. The steps involved are elaborated in
details and will be carried out systematically in order to achieve a high degree of
Research Design
The research design that used is the Quantitative Design. This method
The respondents of the study are the Grade 11 and Grade 12 students
under Academic Track of Antonio P. Villar National High School, Santo Tomas,
Pangasinan.
Sampling Technique
We asked for permission to the school principal in setting time for the survey
13
comfortable time and to avoid disturbance in their classes.
The following are the step by step procedure followed in the conduct of this
research work.
about the respondents such as their name, age, sex, address, etc.
The last part is the checklist section which composed of two checklist tables.
The first checklist measures the self-efficacy of students in mathematics while the
Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS
14AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the data pertaining to the answer of the research
questions profound in this study. These are presented in tabular forms arranged
Male 69 53.9
19 yrs. old
4 3.1
and above
Grade 11 61 47.7
Grade Level Grade 12 67 52.3
STEM 41 32.0
Strand GAS 87 68.0
80-84 35 27.3
Grade in Recent
Mathematics 85-89 44 34.4
Subject
90-94 27 21.1
95-100 3 2.3
Total 128 100.0
15
Age. As for the variable “Age”, 53 of the respondents are ages 17 years old
which is equivalent to 41.4 percent. The table also shows that 44 of the
15.6 percent. There are also 7 respondents that ages 15 years old which is
equivalent to 5.5 percent, while 4 of the respondents are ages 19 years old and
above which is equivalent to 3.1 percent. This shows that majority of the
Sex. As for variable “Sex”, 69 are males which is equivalent to 53.9 percent
16
and 59 of them are females which is equivalent to 46.1 percent. This shows that
Grade Level. As for the variable “Grade Level”, 67 of the respondents are
are Grade 11 students which is equivalent to 47.7 percent. This implies that there
Strand. As for variable “Strand”, 87 of them are students under the General
which is equivalent to 34.4 percent. The table also shows that 35 of the
which is equivalent to 14.8 percent, while 3 of the respondents has grades ranging
95-100 which is equivalent to 2.4 percent. This shows that majority of the
Table 2.a
Presents the list of Statement Indicators for the Students’ Self-Efficacy
in Mathematics
Statement Indicators 17 Mean Transmuted Rating
1. 1. I have been able to understand 3.41 High Self-Efficacy
mathematics.
2. 2. I have done well in my mathematics 3.53 High Self-Efficacy
subjects.
3. 3. I have enjoyed mathematics. 3.27 Moderately High Self-
Efficacy
4. I am the type of person who is able to 3.34 Moderately High Self-
learn mathematics well. Efficacy
5. I have been happy in my mathematics 3.11 Moderately High Self-
courses. Efficacy
4. 6. Mathematics teachers have been willing 3.95 High Self-Efficacy
to help me learn the concepts.
7. I have asked questions in my 3.19 Moderately High Self-
mathematics classes. Efficacy
5. 8. I have sought help from mathematics 2.41 Low Self-Efficacy
teachers outside the school.
9. I have set goals in my mathematics 3.23 Moderately High Self-
classes.
Efficacy
6. 10. I have worked with other students in 3.38 Moderately High Self-
my mathematics classes. Efficacy
7. 11. I have worked hard in my mathematics 3.75 High Self-Efficacy
classes.
8. 12. I regularly do assigned homework in 3.38 Moderately High Self-
my mathematics classes. Efficacy
13. Working on mathematics homework is 3.06 Moderately High Self-
stressful to me. Efficacy
14. I worry if I’m not able to understand our 3.65 High Self-Efficacy
lessons in mathematics.
15. I am cramming whenever I am 2.95 Moderately High Self-
answering my mathematics test. Efficacy
Self-Efficacy Average 3.31 Moderately High Self-
Efficacy
Legend:
Self-Efficacy.”, while Item No. 8 “I have sought help from mathematics teachers
outside the school.” obtained the lowest mean of 2.41, equivalent to “Low Self-
Efficacy.”
Table 2.b
Presents the list of Statement Indicators for the Students’ Anxiety Level
in Mathematics
Statement Indicators 19 Mean Transmuted Rating
1. I get tense when I prepare for a 3.23 Moderately High
mathematics test. Anxiety
2. I believe I can do mathematics in a 3.27 Moderately High
mathematics course. Anxiety
3. I get nervous when asking questions in 3.11 Moderately High
class. Anxiety
4. I worry that I will not be able to do well on 3.18 Moderately High
mathematics tests. Anxiety
5. I’m afraid in failing my future course due 3.38 Moderately High
to mathematics. Anxiety
6. I believe I can get an “A” when I am in a 3.15 Moderately High
mathematics course. Anxiety
7. I worry that I will not be able to get a good 3.20 Moderately High
grade in mathematics courses. Anxiety
8. I believe I can learn well in a mathematics 3.55 High Anxiety
score.
9. I believe I can think like a mathematician. 2.62 Moderately High
Anxiety
10. I believe I can complete all of the 3.16 Moderately High
assignments in a mathematics course. Anxiety
11. I get nervous when I have to use 2.70 Moderately High
mathematics outside the school. Anxiety
12. I believe I can understand the content in 3.21 Moderately High
a mathematics course. Anxiety
13. I believe I can do well on a mathematics 3.40 High Anxiety
test.
14.I am anxious when mathematics 2.92 Moderately High
teachers are lecturing. Anxiety
15. I worry that I will have to use 2.63 Moderately High
mathematics in my future career. Anxiety
Anxiety Average 3.21 Moderately High
Anxiety
Legend:
“Moderately High Anxiety.” Item No. 8 “I believe I can learn well in a mathematics
score.” Obtained the highest mean of 3.55 which means “High Anxiety”, while Item
No. 9 “I believe I can think like a mathematician.” obtained the lowest mean of 2.62
Self-Efficacy Anxiety
Average Average
Within Groups
32.279 127
Total
Grade in Recent
Mathematics Within Groups 26.379 123 .214
Subject
Sex. The computed F-value is 2.536, significantly at .114 indicates that the
accepted. This means that the sex of students doesn’t affect their self-efficacy in
Mathematics. This oppose the study of Betz and Hackett (2011); Pajares and Miller
of male and female students, with males demonstrating significantly higher levels
Age. The computed F-value is .183, significant at .947 indicates that the
accepted. This implies that the age of students doesn’t define their self-efficacy in
Mathematics.
Grade Level. The computed F-value is .002, significant at .969 indicating
that the difference between the self-efficacy of students in mathematics and the
profile variable “grade level” is not significant. Thus, the null hypothesis which
states that “there are no significant relationships exist between the self-efficacy of
students in mathematics to their profile variables” is accepted. This means that the
strand is significant. Thus, the null hypothesis which states that “there are no
to their profile variables” is rejected. This means that the variable strand is a source
of variation. It supports the study of Hall and Ponton (2012) found that the
calculus students did. Developmental mathematics students are less likely to have
Therefore, the null hypothesis which states that, “there are no significant
profile variables” is rejected. This means that the variable grade in recent
better predictor of their educational and career choices that the student’s previous
achievement.
Table 4.b
ANNOVA Results on the Mean Difference of the Anxiety of Students
across Sex, Age, Grade Level, Strand and Grade in Recent
Mathematics Subject
N=128
Within Groups
21.708 127
Total
Grade in Recent
Mathematics Within Groups 18.506 123 .150
Subject
Sex. The computed F-value is 4.096, significant at 0.45, indicates that the
hence the null hypothesis of no difference is accepted. This means that the sex of
students doesn’t affect their Anxiety in Mathematics. This supports the study of
Zettle and Houghton (2013) found that college-age men are less likely than women
to report feelings of anxiety toward mathematics because the men believe that it
suggests that researchers will have a more difficult time measuring the
Age. The computed F-value is .557, significant at .680 indicating that the
difference between the Anxiety of students in Mathematics and the profile variable
“Age”, is not significant. Thus, the null hypothesis which states that “There are no
26
significant relationships exist between anxiety of students in mathematics to their
profile variables?” and the variable age is accepted. This means that the variable
significance level is higher than the set alpha level of 0.05. Therefore, the null
respect to the Grade Level. This oppose the study of Jackson and Leffingwell
significant. Therefore, the null hypothesis which states, “There are no significant
significant at .031 level of significance. Therefore, the null hypothesis which states
study of Hembree (2010) found that students with low achievement in mathematics
would develop negative emotions and attitudes toward mathematics, causing them
Chapter 5
28
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
mathematics.
11 and 12 with respect to their sex, age, grade level, strand and grade in recent
mathematics subject.
respondents in mathematics.
FINDINGS
29
The following are the salient findings of this study:
to 34.4 percent. Eighty seven or sixty eight percent are from General Academic
Strand. Almost half of them are ages 17 years old, while 53.9 percent is male.
to 3.75 mean on the Item No. 11 of Self-Efficacy checklist stating “ I have work
hard in my Mathematics classes “. Meanwhile, they get the lowest mean of 2.41
in the Item No. 8 in the Self-Efficacy checklist which states “ I have sought help
from Mathematics teachers outside the school” while their average self-efficacy
3. The respondents have a relatively high anxiety of 3.55 mean in the Item No. 8
of Anxiety checklist which states that “I believe I can learn well in a mathematics
course”, while Item No. 9 which states that “I believe I can think like a
mathematics subject. ANNOVA results show that the F-value of strand is 14.016,
the profile variables namely; sex, strand and grade in recent mathematics subject.
ANNOVA results show that the F-value of sex is 4.096, significant at .045, strand
30
F-value is 10.342, significant at .002, while grade in recent mathematics subject F-
Conclusion
The following are the conclusions drawn from the findings of the study.
is still room for improvement to level up the self-efficacy rating to very high self-
efficacy.
still room for declining the level of Anxiety from Moderately High Anxiety to Very
Low Anxiety.
Mathematics subject also affect the level of self-efficacy of the students through
the grades they are obtaining in their mathematics subjects that corresponds to
5. Students’ sex highly affect the level of anxiety of students wherein male
respondents have experienced higher anxiety than females. The strand also affect
students experienced hard time in catching up with the concepts as well as the
31
demand and frustrations in their mathematics subjects. Meanwhile, the grade in
RECOMMENDATION
during class activities and Independent Cooperative Learning Time in order to help
2. Create an online group where Mathematics teachers and their students are
mathematics concepts.
4. To decrease the level of Anxiety and further enhance the level of Self-Efficacy
competent style of teaching to ensure learners are still able to cope up with the
QUESTIONNAIRE
32
A. Personal Information
Address: __________________________________________________________
B. Checklist
General Instruction: In order to better understand what you think and feel about your
mathematics course, please respond to each of the following statements based on
these given scales.
(1) Never, (2) Seldom, (3) Sometimes, (4) Often, (5) Usually
Self-Efficacy Checklist
Anxiety Checklist
34
APPENDIX A
35
LETTER TO THE PRINCIPAL
Sir,
We would like to inform you that Grade 12- STEM students of Senior High School
Department of Antonio P. Villar National High School are conducting research
studies in fulfillment of the requirements in Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
subject.
With this regard, we are humbly asking for your permission to conduct in this school
our research study entitled “Student’s Self-Efficacy and Anxiety in Mathematics.”
We are also seeking for your approval to conduct series of surveys on the Senior
High School students as our respondents and other data gathering procedures
which are essential for the completion and success of our study.
May our Almighty Father continuously bless you and your family.
Respectfully yours,
Jayson P. De Leon
Glences John S. De Leon
Mark John V. Orenia
Rovelyn M. Riego
Checked:
Jonathan A. Gevero,Ed.D.
Research Teacher
Approved:
James F. Ferrer,Ed.D.
Principal IV
APPENDIX B
36 RESPONDENTS
LETTER TO THE
Dear respondents,
We in our group are conducting our research study entitled “Students’ Self-
Efficacy and Anxiety in Mathematics.” In fulfillment of the requirements in Inquiry,
Investigations and Immersion subject.
With this regard, may we humbly ask for your time and cooperation as our
respondents in our study. We will be gathering some information and details from
you for the completion and success of our study.
Your cooperation is very much appreciated. Rest assured that the information
and details we will be getting will remain confidential for your convenience and
privacy.
Respectfully yours,
Jayson P. De Leon
Glences John S. De Leon
Mark John V. Orenia
Rovelyn M. Riego
Checked:
Jonathan A. Gevero,Ed.D.
Research Teacher
Approved:
James F. Ferrer,Ed.D.
Principal IV
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38