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(Q.ULVKQDPXUWLGLMR«¿Por qué queremos ser estudiantes de libros, en lugar de ser estudiantes de la
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experiencia, los miedos profundamente arraigados, las ansiedades, el dolor, el placer y todas las creencias que el
hombre ha acumulado a lo largo de milenios. Ustedes son el libro».
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VXV SOiWLFDV OH SUHJXQWy SRUTXpKDEODED\  TXp TXHUtDORJUDU.ULVKQDP XUWL UHVSRQGLy Quiero revelarles algo,
quizás el modo de descubrir qué es la realidad -no el modo en el sentido de un sistema, sino cómo proceder al
respecto-. Y si ustedes pueden descubrir esto por sí mismos, no habrá uno que les habla, hablaremos todos sobre
ello, todos expresaremos esa realidad de nuestras vidas, donde quiera que nos encontremos [...]. La verdad no
puede ser acumulada. Lo que se acumula es destruido siempre, siempre se deteriora. La verdad jamás puede
deteriorarse, porque sólo puede ser descubierta de instante en instante, en cada pensamiento, en cada relación, en
cada palabra, en cada gesto, en una sonrisa, en las lágrimas. Y si ustedes y yo podemos descubrir eso y vivirlo -el
vivirlo es, en sí mismo, el descubrimiento-, entonces no nos convertiremos en propagandistas; seremos seres
humanos creativos; no seres humanos perfectos, sino creativos, lo cual es inmensamente distinto. Por eso, creo,
estoy hablando, y quizá por eso están ustedes escuchando.
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el uno con el otro; no es el de imponerles una determinada serie de ideas. Las ideas jamás cambian la mente,
jamás originan su transformación radical. Pero si, como individuos, podemos comunicarnos el uno con el otro, al
mismo tiempo y en el mismo nivel, entonces quizás habrá una comprensión que no es tan sólo propaganda... de
modo que estas pláticas no tienen ninguna manera la intención de disuadirlos ni persuadirlos acerca de nada, ya
sea de hecho o subliminalmente.

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realmente importante es que la mente, sin esfuerzo alguno, esté tan atenta que se halle todo el tiempo en un estado
de comprensión. Si no comprendemos y tan sólo escuchamos las palabras, nos llevaremos nada más que una serie
de conceptos o ideas, estableciendo de un modo un patrón al cual trataremos entonces de ajustarnos en nuestras
vidas cotidianas o en las así llamadas vidas espirituales.
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bello día, estamos sentados en el parque conversando sobre la vida, hablando de nuestros problemas, investigando
la naturaleza misma de nuestra existencia, y preguntándonos seriamente por qué la vida se ha vuelto un problema
tan grande, por qué, aunque intelectualmente somos muy refinados, nuestra vida cotidiana es tan penosa, tan
carente de sentido, excepto para la supervivencia -la cual es más bien incierta-. ¿Por qué la vida, la existencia
diaria, se ha convertido en una tortura semejante? Podemos acudir a la iglesia, seguir a algún líder político o
religioso, pero la vida diaria es un desorden permanente; aunque haya ciertos períodos ocasionalmente gozosos,
felices, nuestra vida se halla siempre rodeada por una nube de oscuridad. Y estos dos amigos, como lo somos
ustedes y quien les habla, están discutiendo juntos de una manera cordial, quizá con afecto, con solicitud, con
interés, si es de algún modo posible vivir nuestra vida cotidiana sin un solo problema.


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Libres desde el principio mismo

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Liberarse de la ignorancia, del dolor

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¿Por qué seguimos a otros?

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HVWHDQKHORFRPSUHQGHUHPRVHOVLJQLILFDGRGHODGXGD

'((1(522&.9RO,9


La autoridad corrompe tanto al líder como al seguidor

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¿Puedo confiar en mi experiencia?

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QLDXWRULGDGGHQLQJXQDFODVH

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El conocimiento propio es un proceso

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XQDQRWDEOHDJXGH]DGHSHUFHSFLyQ

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La mente sin ataduras

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WDOFRPRHVQRFRPRTXLVLHUDVHUORFXDOHVWDQVyORXQ LGHDO\SRUORWDQWRHV DOJRILFWLFLRLUUHDOVyORlo que es
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H[WUDRUGLQDULD GHODP HQWH SRUTXH lo que es H[SHULPHQWD PRGLILFDFLRQHV FDPELRV FRQVWDQWHV\  SDUDSRGHU
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PRGHORGHDFFLyQ6LXQRTXLHUHLUHQSRV GHDOJRQRHVEXHQRHVWDUDWDGR3DUDFRQRFHUQRVDQRVRWURVP LVPRV
QXHVWUDPHQWHGHEHKDOODUVHHQXQHVWDGRGHSHUFHSFLyQDOHUWD GHYLJLODQFLDHVWDGRHQHOTXHVHKDOOD OLEUHGHWRGDV
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YHUGDGHUDSHUFHSFLyQ6LTXHUHPRVVDEHUORTXHVRPRVQRSRGHPRVLPDJLQDUDOJRTXHQRVRPRVQLFUHHUHQHOOR6L
VR\FRGLFLRVRHQYLGLRVRYLROHQWRGHSRFRYDOHTXHWHQJDP HUDPHQWHXQLGHDOGHQRYLROHQFLDGHQRFRGLFLD> @
/DFRPSUHQVLyQGHORTXHVRPRVIHRVRKHUPRVRVPDOYDGRVRGDxLQRVORTXHIXHUHHOFRPSUHQGHUVLQGLVWRUVLyQ
DOJXQDORTXHUHDOPHQWHVRPRVHVHOSULQFLSLRGHODYLUWXG/DYLUWXGHVHVHQFLDOSRUTXHHOODQRVEULQGDOLEHUWDG

'((1(52/38


Conocimiento propio activo

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GHPXHVWUDTXHXQRDFHSWDODLOXVLyQ

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La creatividad a través del conocimiento propio

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'((1(522&.9RO9,,


Conocerse a sí mismo

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El vacío creativo

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QXHYRXQDUHYROXFLyQLQWHUQD

  '((1(522&.9RO9,,


El conocimiento propio

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La relación es un espejo

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El devenir
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La acción
El bien y el mal


El devenir es lucha

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Todo devenir es desintegración

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¿Puede la mente vulgar volverse sensible?

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Oportunidades para la autoexpansión

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Más allá de toda experimentación

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¿Qué es el «yo»?

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'()(%5(522&.9RO9,


Cuando hay amor, el «yo» está ausente

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Comprender «lo que es»

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En qué creemos

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H[LVWHQODVPRQWDxDVORVUtRV1RQHFHVLWDP RV©FUHHUªTXHUHxLPRVFRQQXHVWUDVHVSRVDV1RQHFHVLWDP RV©FUHHUª
TXHODYLGDHVXQDGHVGLFKD WHUULEOHFRQVXDQJXVWLDVXFRQIOLFWR\ VXFRQVWDQWHDPELFLyQHVRHVXQKHFKR3HUR
QHFHVLWDPRVXQDFUHHQFLDFXDQGRTXHUHPRVHVFDSDUGHXQKHFKRKDFLDXQDLUUHDOLGDG

 '()(%5(52 2&.9RO;9,


La mente Agitada por la creencia

/DUHOLJLyQGHXVWHGHVVXFUHHQFLDHQ'LRVHV XQPRGRGHHVFDSDUGHODUHDOLGDGSRUORWDQWRQRHVUHOLJLyQ
HQ DEVROXWR(OKRP EUH ULFRTXHDFXP XOD GLQHURDEDVHGH  FUXHOGDGGHIDOVHGDGGHDVWXWDH[SORWDFLyQ FUHH HQ
'LRV\XVWHGHVWDPELpQFUHHQHQ'LRVWDPELpQVRQDVWXWRVHQYLGLRVRVFUXHOHVVXVSLFDFHV¢(VSRVLEOHHQFRQWUDUD
'LRVSRUPHGLRGHODIDOVHGDGGHOHQJDxRGHORVDUWHURVWUXFRVGHODPHQWH"(OKHFKRGHTXHXQRFROHFFLRQHWRGRV
ORVOLEURVVDJUDGRV\ORVGLYHUVRVVtPERORVGH'LRV¢LQGLFDTXHHVXQDSHUVRQDUHOLJLR VD"'HPRGRTXHODUHOLJLyQ
QR HVXQHVFDSHUHVSHFWRGHORVKHFKRVUHOLJLyQHVFRP SUHQGHU HO KHFKRGHORTXHVRP RV HQQXHVWUDH[LVWHQFLD
FRWLGLDQDODPDQHUDFRPRKDEODPRVODFODVHGHFRQYH UVDFLRQHVTXHVRVWHQHPRVHOPRGRFRPRQRVGLULJLPRVD
QXHVWURV VLUYLHQWHVFRP R WUDWDPRV DQXHVWUDHVSRVD D QXHVWURVKLMRV\  YHFLQRV(QWDQWR QR FRPSUHQGDPRV OD
UHODFLyQFRQQXHVWURSUyMLPRFRQODVRFLHGDGFRQQXHVWUD HVSRVD\QXHVWURVKLMRVWLHQHTXHKDEHUFRQIXVLyQ\ OD
PHQWH FRQIXQGLGDKDJDORTXHKLFLHUH VyOR FUHDUi PiV FRQIXVLyQP iV SUREOHPDV \ FRQIOLFWRV8QDP HQWH TXH
HVFDSDGHORIDFWXDOGHORVKHFKRVGHODUHODFLyQMDP iVHQFRQWUDUiD'LRVXQDP HQWHDJLWDGDSRUODFUHHQFLDQR
FRQRFHUiODYHUGDG3HURODP HQWHTXHFRPSUHQGHVXUHODFLyQFRQODSURSLHGDGFRQODJHQWHFRQ ODVLGHDVTXH\D
QROXFKDPiVFRQORVSUREOHP DVTXHJHQHUDODUHODFLyQXQD PHQWHSDUDODTXHODVROXFLyQQRHVHOUHWLURVLQROD
FRPSUHQVLyQGHODPRUVyORXQDPHQWHDVtSXHGHFRPSUHQGHUODUHDOLGDG

'()(%5(522&.9RO9,


Más allá de la creencia

1RV GDPRV FXHQWD GH TXH ODYLGDHVGHVDJUDGDEOHGRO RURVD WULVWHGHVHDP RV DOJXQDFODVHGHWHRUtDDOJXQD
FODVHGHHVSHFXODFLyQRVDWLVIDFFLyQDOJXQDFODVHGHGRFWULQD TXHH[SOLTXHWRGRHVWR\DVtTXHGDPRVDWUDSDGRVHQ
H[SOLFDFLRQHV SDODEUDV WHRUtDV\  JUDGXDOPHQWH ODV FUHHQFLDVHFKDQUDtFHVP X\ SURIXQGDV\  VHYXHOYHQ
LQFRQPRYLEOHV SRUTXHGHWUiVGHHVDVFUHHQFLDVGHHVRVGRJP DV HVWiHOP LHGR FRQVWDQWHDORGHVFRQRFLGR 3HUR
MDPiVPLUDPRVHVHPLHGROHYROYHPRVODHVSDOGD&XDQWRPiVIXHUWHVVRQODVFUHHQFLDVPiVIXHUWHVORVGRJPDV<
FXDQGRH[DPLQDPRVHVWDVFUHHQFLDVODFULVWLDQDODKLQG~OD EXGLVWDHWFpWHUDHQFRQWUDPRVTXHGLYLGHQDODJHQWH
&DGDGRJPDFDGDFUHHQFLDWLHQHXQDVHULHGHULWXDOHVGHFRPSXOVLRQHVTXHDWDQ\VHSDUDQDORVVHUHVKXPDQRV'H
PRGRTXHHPSH]DPRVXQDLQGDJDFLyQSDUDDYHULJXDUTXpHVOR YHUGDGHURFXiOHVHOVLJQLILFDGRGHHVWDGHVGLFKD
GHHVWDOXFKDGHHVWHGRORU\SURQWRTXHGDPRVDWUDSDGRVHQFUHHQFLDVULWXDOHVWHRUtDV
/DFUHHQFLDHVFRUUXSFLyQSRUTXHGHWUiVGHODFUHHQFLD\ ODPRUDOLGDGVHHVFRQGHODP HQWHHO©\RªHO©\Rª
TXHVHYXHOYHFDGDYH]P iVJUDQGHSRGHURVR\IXHUWH&RQVLGHUDPRVTXHODFUHHQFLDHQ'LRVODFUHHQFLDHQDOJR
HV UHOLJLyQ 3HQVDPRV TXH FUHHUHVVHUUHOLJLRVR¢&RP SUHQGH" 6LQRFUHHP RV VHQRVFRQVLGHUDUiDWHRVVHUHP RV
FRQGHQDGRVSRUODVRFLHGDG8QDVRFLHGDGFRQGHQDUiDORV TXHFUHHQHQ'LRV\ RWUDVRFLHGDGFRQGHQDUi DORVTXH
QRFUHHQ$PEDVVRQODPLVPDFRVD$VtSXHVODUHOLJLyQ VHYXHOYHXQDFXHVWLyQGHFUHHQFLD\ ODFUHHQFLDDFW~D\ 
HMHUFH VXLQIOXHQFLDVREUHODP HQWH'HHVHP RGRODPHQWHMDPiVSXHGHVHUOLEUH3HURVyORHQOLEHUWDGSRGHP RV
GHVFXEULU TXpHVORYHUGDGHURTXpHV'LRVQRSRGHP RV KDFHUOR PHGLDQWH QLQJXQDFUHHQFLDSRUTXHQXHVWUD
FUHHQFLDPLVPDSUR\HFWDORTXHSHQVDPRVTXHGHEHVHU'LRVORTXHSHQVDPRVTXHGHEHVHUODYHUGDG

 '()(%5(522&.9RO9,,


La pantalla de la creencia

8VWHGFUHHHQ'LRV\RWURQRFUHHHQ'LRVGHPRGRTXHODVFUHHQFLDVGHXVWHGHVORVVHSDUDQ(QWRGRHOPXQGR
OD FUHHQFLDHVWiRUJDQL]DGDFRP R KLQGXLVPR EXGLVPR RFULVWLDQLVP R DVt GLYLGH D ORV KRPEUHV (VWDPRV
FRQIXQGLGRV\SHQVDPRVTXHPHGLDQWHODFUHHQFLDDFODUDUHPRVODFRQIXVLyQHVGHFLUODFUHHQFLDVHVXSHUSRQH DOD
FRQIXVLyQ\HVSHUDPRVTXHFRQHVRODFRQIXVLyQVHGHVS HMDUi3HURODFUHHQFLDQRHVVLQRXQP RGRGHHVFDSDUGHO
KHFKRGHODFRQIXVLyQQRQRVD\ XGDDDSURQWDU\FRPSUHQGHUHOKHFKRVLQRDHVFDSDUGHODFRQWXVLyQHQTXH QRV
HQFRQWUDPRV 3DUDFRPSUHQGHU ODFRQWXVLyQQRHVQHFHVDULD ODFUHHQFLDpVWDVyORDFW~DFRP RXQDSDQWDOODHQWUH
QRVRWURV\QXHVWURVSUREOHPDV3RUHVRODUHOLJLyQTXHHV XQDFUHHQFLDRUJDQL]DGDVHFRQYLHUWHHQXQP HGLRSDUD
HVFDSDUGHlo que esGHOKHFKRGHODFRQIXVLyQ(OKRPEUHTXHFUHHHQ'LRVHOTXHFUHHHQHOPiVDOOiRDTXHOTXH
WLHQHDOJXQDRWUDIRUPDGHFUHHQFLDHVWiHVFDSDQGRGHXQK HFKRHOKHFKRGHORTXHpOHV¢$FDVRQR FRQRFHPRVD
HVDVSHUVRQDVTXHFUHHQHQ'LRVTXHSUDFWLFDQ pujaTXHUHSLWHQFLHUWRVFDQWRV\ FLHUWDVSDODEUDV\TXHHQVX YLGD
FRWLGLDQD VRQGRP LQDGRUDV FUXHOHVDP ELFLRVDV WUDPSRVDV GHVKRQHVWDV"¢(QFRQWUDUiQHOODVD'LRV"(VWiQ
YHUGDGHUDPHQWH EXVFDQGRD'LRV"¢3XHGHHQFRQWUDUVHD'LRV  PHGLDQWH ODUHSHWLFLyQGHSDODEUDVP HGLDQWH OD
FUHHQFLD" 6LQ HPEDUJR WDOHVSHUVRQDVFUHHQHQ'LRVDGRU DQD'LRVYDQDOWHP SORWRGRVORVGtDVORKDFHQWRGR
SDUD HOXGLUHOKHFKRGHORTXHVRQ\  D HVDV SHUVRQDV ODV FRQVLGHUDPRV UHVSHWDEOHVSRUTXHHVDVSHUVRQDVVRP RV
QRVRWURVPLVPRV

'()(%5(522&.9RO9,


Enfrentarse a la vida de un modo nuevo

6HJ~Q PH SDUHFHXQDGHODVFRVDVTXHODP D\RUtD GH QRVRWURV DFHSWDDQVLRVDP HQWH \ GDSRUVHQWDGDHVOD
FXHVWLyQ GHODVFUHHQFLDV1RHVWR\  DWDFDQGRODVFUHHQFLDV  /RTXHWUDWDP RV GHKDFHUHVDYHULJXDUSRUTXpODV
DFHSWDPRV<VLSXGLpUDP RVHQWHQGHUORV PRWLYRVODVFDXVDVGHODDFHSWDFLyQTXL]iVHUtDP RVFDSDFHVQRVyORGH
FRPSUHQGHUODV VLQRWDP ELpQ GHOLEHUDUQRVGH HOODV 8QR SXHGHYHUFyP R ODVFUHHQFLDVSROtWLFDVUHOLJLRVDV
QDFLRQDOHV\RWURVWLSRVGLYHUVRVGHFUHHQFLDVVHSDUDQ GHKHFKRDORVVHUHVKXP DQRVJHQHUDQFRQIOLFWRFRQWXVLyQ
\ DQWDJRQLVPR ORFXDOHV REYLR VLQ HPEDUJR QR HVWDPRV GLVSXHVWRV DDEDQGRQDUODV(VWiODFUHHQFLDKLQG~OD
FUHHQFLD EXGLVWDODFULVWLDQDLQQXP HUDEOHV FUHHQFLDVVHFW DULDV \ QDFLRQDOHVGLYHUVDVLGHRORJtDVSROtWLFDV WRGDV
ULYDOL]DQGRHQWUHVtWUDWDQGRFDGDXQDGH FRQYHUWLUDODVRWUDV(VHYLGHQWHWRGRVSRGHP RVYHUORTXHODFUHHQFLD
VHSDUDDODVSHUVRQDV\ FUHDLQWROHUDQFLD¢(VSRVLEOHYLYL UVLQFUHHQFLDV"(VRSRGHPRVGHVFXEULUORVyORVLVRP RV
FDSDFHVGHHVWXGLDUQRVDQRVRWURVPLVPRVHQUHODFLyQFRQXQDFUHHQFLD¢(VHQWRQFHVSRVLEOHYLYLUHQHVWHP XQGR
\ QRWHQHUFUHHQFLDDOJXQD"1RFDP ELDU GHFUHHQFLDVQRVXVWLWXLUXQDFUHHQFLD SRU RWUD VLQR HVWDU HQWHUDPHQWH
OLEUHV GHWRGDVODVFUHHQFLDVDILQGHTXHQRVHQIUHQW HPRV DODYLGDGHXQP RGR QXHYR D FDGD LQVWDQWH (VWR
GHVSXpV GH WRGR HV ODYHUGDGVHUFDSDFHVGHDIURQWDUOR WRGR GHXQDP DQHUD QXHYDD IURQWDUOR GHLQVWDQWHHQ
LQVWDQWHVLQODUHDFFLyQFRQGLFLRQDGRUDGHOSDVDGRGHPRGRWDOTXHQRH[LVWDHOHIHFWRDFXPXODWLYRTXHDFW~DFRPR
XQDEDUUHUDHQWUHXQRPLVPR\lo que es

'()(%5(52/38


La creencia impide la verdadera comprensión

6LQRWXYLpUDPRVQLQJXQDFUHHQFLD¢TXpQRVVXFHGHUtD"¢1RHVWDUtDPRVPX\DVXVWDGRVGHORTXHSRGUtDSDVDU"
6LQRWXYLpUDPRVXQPRGHORGHDFFLyQEDVDGRHQXQDFUHHQFLD \DVHDHQ'LRVHQHOFRP XQLVPRHQHOVRFLDOLVPR
HQHOLPSHULDOLVPRRHQDOJXQDIyUPXODUHOLJLRVDHQDOJ~QGRJPDDOFXDOHVWDPRVFRQGLFLRQDGRVQRVVHQWLUtDPRV
WRWDOPHQWH SHUGLGRV¢QRHVDVt"<HVWDDFHSWDFLyQGHXQD  FUHHQFLD¢QRHVXQP RGR GHGLVLP XODU HVHP LHGR HO
PLHGRGHVHUUHDOPHQWHQDGDHOPLHGRDOYDFtR"'HVSXpVGHWRGRXQDFRSDHV~WLOFXDQGRHVWiYDFtD\ XQDPHQWH
OOHQDGHFUHHQFLDVGRJPDVDILUPDFLRQHVFLWDVHVGHKHFKRXQDPHQWHTXHFDUHFHGHFUHDWLYLGDGHVXQD PHQWHWDQ
VyORUHSHWLWLYD(OHVFDSDUGHHVHP LHGRPLHGRDOYDFtR DODVROHGDGDOHVWDQFDPLHQWRPLHGRGHQRDOFDQ]DUOD
PHWDGHQRWULXQIDUGHQRREWHQHUORTXHTXHUHP RVGHQRVHURGHQROOHJDUDVHUHVWRRDTXHOORHVVHJXUDP HQWH
XQDGHODVUD]RQHVSRUODVTXHDFHSWDP RVWDQDQVLRVD\iYLGDPHQWHODVFUHHQFLDV¢YHUGDG"$KRUDELHQPHGLDQWHOD
DFHSWDFLyQGHXQDFUHHQFLD¢QRVFRP SUHQGHPRVDQRVRWURV PLVPRV"7RGRORFRQWUDULR8QDFUHHQFLDUHOLJLRVDR
SROtWLFD LPSLGH TXHQRVFRP SUHQGDPRV DQRVRWURVP LVPRV $FW~D FRPR XQDSDQWDOODDWUDYpVGHODFXDOQRV
PLUDPRV¢3RGHPRVSXHVPLUDUQRVVLQODVFUHHQFLDV"
6L HOLPLQDPRV HVWDVFUHHQFLDVODVQXP HURVDV FUHHQFLDVTXHWHQHP RV ¢QRVTXHGDDOJRSDUDP LUDU" 6LQR
WHQHPRVFUHHQFLDVFRQODVTXHODP HQWHVHKD\DLGHQWLILFDGRHQWRQFHVODPHQWHVLQLGHQWLILFDFLyQDOJXQDHVFDSD]
GHPLUDUVH\YHUVHWDOFRPRHVHVRFRQVWLWX\HSRUFLHUWRHOSULQFLSLRGHODFRPSUHQVLyQGHXQRPLVPR

'()(%5(52/'8


Observación directa

¢3RUTXpODVLGHDVDUUDLJDQHQQXHVWUDVPHQWHV"¢3RUTXpQRVHYXHOYHQVXPDPHQWHLPSRUWDQWHVORVKHFKRVQR
ODVLGHDV"¢3RUTXpOOHJDQD VHUWDQVLJQLILFDWLYDVODVWHRUtDVORVFRQFHSWRV\ QRHOKHFKR" ¢(VDFDVRSRUTXHQR
SRGHPRVFRPSUHQGHUHOKHFKRSRUTXHQRVIDOWDODFDSDFLGDGGHHQIUHQWDUQRVDpORSRUTXHQRVDWHP RUL]DKDFHUOR"
$VtSXHVODVLGHDVODVHVSHFXODFLRQHVODVWHRUtDVVRQUHFXUVRVSDUDHVFDSDUGHOKHFKR
8QR SXHGHKXLUSXHGHKDFHUWRGDFODVHGHFRVDVORVK HFKRV HVWiQDKtHOKHFKRGHTXH XQR HV LUDVFLEOH HO
KHFKRGHTXHHVDPELFLRVRHOKHFKRGHTXHHVVHQVXDOPXFKtVLPDVFRVDV3RGUiUHSULPLUORVKHFKRVWUDQVPXWDUORV
TXHHVRWUDIRUPDGHUHSUHVLyQFRQWURODUORVSHURWRGRVHVRVKHFKRVIXHURQUHSULPLGRVFRQWURODGRVGLVFLSOLQDGRV
FRQ LGHDV >@ ¢1RGHVSHUGLFLDQQXHVWUDHQHUJtDODV LGHDV" 1RHP ERWDQ ODP HQWH" 8QRSRGUiVHUKiELOHQ
HVSHFXODFLRQHVPHQWDOHVHQFLWDVSHURODPHQWHTXHDSHODDODVFLWDVHVXQDPHQWHHPERWDGDKDOHtGRPXFKtVLPR\
FLWD
8QRHOLPLQDGHXQVRORJROSHHOFRQIOLFWRGHORRSXHVWRVLYLYHFRQHOKHFKR\SRUORWDQWROLEHUDODHQHUJtD
SDUD HQIUHQWDUVHDOKHFKR3DUDODP D\RUtD GHQRVRWURV  ODFRQWUDGLFFLyQHVXQFDP SR H[WUDRUGLQDULRHQHOTXH OD
PHQWH TXHGDDWUDSDGD4XLHURKDFHUHVWR\  KDJRDOJRSRUFR PSOHWR GLIHUHQWH SHUR VL PH HQIUHQWRDOKHFKRGH
TXHUHU KDFHUHVWRQRKD\  FRQWUDGLFFLyQDOJXQDHQFRQVHFXHQ FLD GHXQVRORJROSHKHDEROLGRtQWHJUDP HQWH WRGR
VHQWLGRGHORRSXHVWR\PLPHQWHHVWiHQWRQFHVLQWHUHVDGDSRUFRPSOHWRHQlo que es\HQODFRPSUHQVLyQGHlo que
es

'()(%5(52 2&.9RO;,,,


Acción sin idea

6yORFXDQGRODPHQWHHVWiOLEUHGHODLGHDSXHGHKDEHUXQDH[SHULHQFLDGLUHFWD/DVLGHDVQRVRQODYHUGDG\OD
YHUGDGHVDOJRTXHGHEHVHUH[SHULPHQWDGRGLUHFWDPHQWHGHLQVWDQWHHQLQVWDQWH1RVHWUDWDGHXQDH[SHULHQFLDTXH
GHVHDPRVODFXDOVHUtDHQWRQFHVP HUDVHQVDFLyQ6yORFXDQGRXQRSXHGHLUP iVDOOiGHOKD]GHODVLGHDVTXHHVHO
©\RªTXHHVODPHQWHTXHWLHQHXQDFRQWLQXLGDGSDUFLDORFRPSOHWDVyORFXDQGRXQRSXHGHWUDVFHQGHUWRGRHVR\
HO SHQVDPLHQWR HVWiDEVROXWDP HQWH VLOHQFLRVRKD\  XQHVW DGR HQ TXH VHH[SHULP HQWD GHP DQHUD GLUHFWD(QHVH
HVWDGRVDEUiXQRTXpHVODYHUGDG

'()(%5(52/38


Acción sin el proceso del pensamiento

¢4XpHQWHQGHPRVSRULGHD"&LHUWDPHQWHODLGHDHVHO SURFHVRGHOSHQVDPLHQWR¢1RHVDVt"(VXQSURFHVRGH
ODPHQWHGHOSHQVDU\HOSHQVDUHVVLHPSUHXQDUHDFFLyQ\DVHDGHORFRQVFLHQWHRGHORLQFRQVFLHQWH(OSHQVDUHV
XQ SURFHVRGHYHUEDOL]DFLyQODFXDO HV XQ UHVXOWDGR GH OD PHPRULD HOSHQVDUHVXQSURFHVRGHOWLHP SR 'HHVWH
PRGR TXHFXDQGRODDFFLyQHVWi EDVDGD HQ HO SURFHVR GHO SHQVDUWDODFFLyQGHEHHVWDULQHYLWDEOHP HQWH
FRQGLFLRQDGD DLVODGDODLGHDGHEHRSRQHUVHD OD LGHD OD LGHDGHEHVHUGRP LQDGD SRUODLGHD+D\  XQLQWHUYDOR
HQWRQFHVHQWUHODDFFLyQ\ ODLGHDHVWDPRVWUDWDQGRGHGHVFXEULUVLHVSRVLEOHXQDDFFLyQ VLQODLGHD9HPRVFyPR
OD LGHDVHSDUDDODVSHUVRQDV&RP R \D OR KH H[SOLFDGR HOFRQRFLP LHQWR \ ODFUHHQFLDVRQHVHQFLDOP HQWH
FXDOLGDGHVVHSDUDWLYDV/DVFUHHQFLDVMDP iVXQHQDODJHQW HVLHPSUHODVHSDUDQFXDQGRODDFFLyQVHEDVDHQXQD
FUHHQFLDRHQXQDLGHDRHQXQLGHDOWDODFFLyQGHEHSRUIX HU]DHVWDUDLVODGDIUDJPHQWDGD¢(VSRVLEOHDFWXDUVLQ
HO SURFHVRGHOSHQVDP LHQWR VLHQGRHO SHQVDPLHQWR XQSURFHVRGHOWLHP SR XQSURFHVRGHFiOFXORGH
DXWRSURWHFFLyQGHFUHHQFLDUHFKD]RFRQGHQDMXVWLILFDFLyQ" 3RUFLHUWRDXVWHGGHEHKDEpUVHOHRFXUULGRLJXDOTXH
DPtSUHJXQWDUVHVLODDFFLyQHVGHDOJ~QPRGRSRVLEOHVLQODLGHD

  '()(%5(522&.9RO9,


Las ideas, ¿limitan la acción?

¢3XHGHQDOJXQDYH]ODVLGHDVGDURULJHQDODDFFLyQRO DVLGHDVWDQVyORP ROGHDQHOSHQVDPLHQWR\SRUHQGH
OLPLWDQ OD DFFLyQ" &XDQGR OD DFFLyQHVLP SXHVWD SRUXQDLG HD ODDFFLyQMDP iV SXHGHOLEHUDUDOKRP EUH (V
H[WUDRUGLQDULDPHQWH LPSRUWDQWH SDUDQRVRWURVFRP SUHQGHU HVWH SXQWR 6L XQD LGHD IRUPXOD ODDFFLyQHQWRQFHVOD
DFFLyQMDPiVSXHGHWUDHUFRQVLJRODVROXFLyQGHQXHVWUDV GHVGLFKDV\DTXHDQWHVGHTXHHVDDFFLyQSXHGDSRQHUVH
HQPRYLPLHQWRSULPHURWHQHPRVTXHGHVFXEULUFyPRVXUJHODLGHD

'()(%5(52/'8

La ideología obstaculiza la acción

(OPXQGRHVWiVLHPSUHSUy[LPRDXQDFDWiVWURIH3HURDKRUDSDUHFHHVWDUP iVSUy[LPR$OYHUHVWDFDWiVWURIH
TXHVHDFHUFDODPD\RUtDGHQRVRWURVEXVFDUHIXJLDUVHHQXQD LGHD3HQVDPRVTXHHVWDFDWiVWURIHHVWDFULVLVSXHGH
VHUUHVXHOWDSRUXQDLGHRORJtD/DLGHRORJtDHVVLHP SUHXQLPSHGLPHQWRSDUDODUHODFLyQGLUHFWDORFXDOREVWDFXOL]D
OD DFFLyQ4XHUHP RV SD]VyORFRP R XQDLGHDQRFRP R XQ KHFKR'HVHDP RV ODSD]HQ HO QLYHO YHUEDO R VHD
VRODPHQWHHQHOQLYHOGHOSHQVDUDXQTXHOROODP HPRVRUJXOORVDPHQWHHOQLYHOLQWHOHFWXDO3HURODSDODEUD pazQRHV
ODSD]6yORSRGUiKDEHUSD]FXDQGRFHVHODFRQWXVLyQTXH JHQHUDQXQRV\RWURV(VWDPRVDSHJDGRVDOPXQGRGHODV
LGHDV\QRDODSD]9DPRVHQEXVFDGHQXHYRVPRGHORVVRFLDOHV\SROtWLFRV\QRHQEXVFDGHODSD]1RVRFXSDPRV
GHFRQFLOLDUORVHIHFWRV\ QRGHGHVHFKDUODFDXVD GHODJXHUUD(VWDE~VTXHGDWUDHUiVyORUHVSXHVWDVFRQGLFLRQDGDV
SRUHOSDVDGR(VWDVUHVSXHVWDVFRQGLFLRQDGDV VRQORTXHOODPDPRVFRQRFLPLHQWRH[SHULHQFLD\ORVQXHYRVKHFKRV
FDPELDQWHV VRQWUDGXFLGRVLQWHUSUHWDGRVGH DFXHUGR FRQ HVWHFRQRFLP LHQWR 'HP RGR TXHKD\  FRQIOLFWRHQWUH lo
que es\ODH[SHULHQFLDTXHKDVLGR(OSDVDGRTXHHVFRQRFLP LHQWRGHEHHVWDUVLHPSUHHQFRQIOLFWRFRQHOKHFKR
HOFXDOVHKDOODVLHP SUHHQHOSUHVHQWH$VtSXHVHVWDE~VTXHGDQRUHVROYHUiHOSUREOHP DVLQRTXHSHUSHWXDUiODV
FRQGLFLRQHVTXHKDQFUHDGRHOSUREOHPD

 '()(%5(522&.9RO9,


Una acción sin ideación alguna

/DLGHDHVHOUHVXOWDGRGHOSURFHVRGHOSHQVDP LHQWRHOSURFHVRGHOSHQVDPLHQWRHVODUHVSXHVWDGHODPHPRULD
\ODPHPRULDHVWiVLHPSUHFRQGLFLRQDGD/DPHPRULDTXHVHKDOODSHUPDQHQWHPHQWHHQHOSDVDGRHVUHDYLYDGDHQ
HO SUHVHQWHSRUP HGLR GHXQUHWR/DP HPRULD QRWLHQHYLGD  HQVtP LVPD FREUDYLGDHQ HO SUHVHQWH FXDQGR GHEH
HQIUHQWDUVHDXQUHWR<WRGDODPHPRULDODWHQWHRDFWLYDHVWiFRQGLFLRQDGD¢QRHVDVt"(QFRQVHFXHQFLDWLHQHTXH
KDEHUXQHQIRTXHSRUFRP SOHWRGLIHUHQWH8VWHGWLHQHTXHGHVFXEULUSRUVtP LVPRLQWHUQDPHQWHVLHVWiDFWXDQGR
EDVDGRHQXQDLGHD\VLSXHGHKDEHUXQDDFFLyQVLQLGHDFLyQDOJXQD

'()(%5(52/38


Actuar sin la idea es el camino del amor

(O SHQVDPLHQWR GHEHHVWDUVLHP SUH OLPLWDGR SRUHO  SHQVDGRU TXLHQ VH KDOODFRQGLFLRQDGRVHKDOOD
FRQGLFLRQDGRVLHPSUHMDPiVHVOLEUH&XDQGR VXUJHHOSHQVDPLHQWRGHLQPHGLDWRVLJXHODLGHD/DLGHDDILQGH
SRGHUDFWXDUHVWiIRU]DGDDFUHDUP iVFRQIXVLyQ6DELHQGRWRGRHVWR¢HVSRVLEOHDFWXDUVLQODLGHD"6tpVHHVHO
FDPLQRGHODPRU(ODPRUQRHVXQDLGHDQRHVXQDVHQVDFLyQQRHVXQUHFXHUGRHODP RUQRHVXQVHQWLPLHQWRGH
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Hay un factor más profundo que nos hace depender

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Tornarse profundamente alerta

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La relación

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El «yo» es la posesión

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Explotar es ser explotado

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El cultivo del desapego

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WHUPLQDSRUDSHJDUVHDDOJXQDRWUDFRVD

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El apego es autoengaño

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Enfrentarse al hecho y ver qué ocurre...

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El apego es un escape

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Estar solo

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El anhelo es siempre anhelo

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Una intensidad libre de todo apego

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La relación es un espejo

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El sentido de la relación

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¿Cómo puede haber verdadero amor?

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Somos aquello que poseemos

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Estar relacionado

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El problema somos usted y yo, no el mundo

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No hay tal cosa como el vivir solo

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Liberarnos del miedo

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Enfrentarnos al miedo

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Cara a cara con el hecho

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En contacto con el miedo

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El miedo es la no-aceptación de «lo que es»

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ODPHQWHTXHSLHQVDDFHUFDGHOSUREOHPD

'($%5,/2&.9RO9,


Hemos hecho del sexo un problema

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SUREOHPDVHQYH]GHDFDUUHDUORVFRQQRVRWURVGtDWUDVGtD DxRWUDVDxR"1RKD\GXGDGHTXHODSUHJXQWDDFHUFDGHO
VH[RHVSHUWLQHQWH\ODFRQWHVWDUpHQVHJXLGDSHURKD\ XQDSUHJXQWDTXHHVIXQGDP HQWDO¢3RUTXpFRQYHUWLP RVOD
YLGDHQXQSUREOHPD"7UDEDMDUWHQHUVH[RJDQDUGLQHUR SHQVDUVHQWLUH[SHULPHQWDU8VWHGHVVDEHQWRGDODFRVD
GHOYLYLU¢SRUTXpHVXQSUREOHP D"¢1RHVDFDVRSRUTXH VLHPSUHSHQVDPRVGHVGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDSDUWLFXODU
GHVGHXQSXQWRGHYLVWDILMR"(VWDP RVVLHPSUHSHQVDQGRGHVGH XQFHQWURKDFLDODSHULIHULDSHURODSHULIHULDHVHO
FHQWURSDUDODPD\RUtDGHQRVRWURV\DVtWRGRFXDQWRWRFDPRVHVVXSHUILFLDO3HURODYLGDQRHVVXSHUILFLDOUHTXLHUH
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PHQWHWHQGUiTXHKDEHUFRPSOLFDFLRQHVSUREOHPDV<HVRHVWRGRFXDQWRFRQRFHPRV

'($%5,/2&.9RO9,


¿Qué entienden ustedes por amor?

(O DPRU HVORGHVFRQRFLGR3XHGHVHUUHDOL]DGR VyOR FXDQGRKHP RV FRPSUHQGLGR \ WUDVFHQGLGRORTXH
FRQRFHPRV 6yORFXDQGRODP HQWH HVWiOLEUHGHORF RQRFLGR VyORHQWRQFHVSXHGHKDEHUDP RU 'HP RGR TXH
GHEHPRVDERUGDUHODPRUQHJDWLYDPHQWHQRSRVLWLYDPHQWH
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SRVHVLYR\VXVFHORVUHVXOWDQORVLQQXP HUDEOHVFRQIOLFWRVFRQORVTXHFDGDXQRGHQRVRWURVHVWiWDQIDP LOLDUL]DGR
(O LQVWLQWRSRVHVLYRQRHVHQWRQFHVDP RU (ODP RU WDPSRFR HVXQDFXHVWLyQVHQWLP HQWDO /RP HUDPHQWH
VHQWLPHQWDOHPRFLRQDOH[FOX\HHODPRU/DVHQVLELOLGDGHPRFLRQDOHVPHUDVHQVDFLyQ
8QLFDPHQWHHODPRUSXHGHWUDQVIRUPDUODGHPHQFLDODFRQIXVLyQ\HOFRQIOLFWR1LQJ~QVLVWHP DQLQJXQD
WHRUtDGHL]TXLHUGDRGHGHUHFKDSXHGHWUDHUSD]\ IHOLFLGDGDOKRPEUH'RQGHKD\DPRUQRKD\HVStULWXSRVHVLYR
QRKD\HQYLGLDKD\SLHGDG\FRPSDVLyQQRHQWHRUtDVLQR GHKHFKRSRUQXHVWUDHVSRVDSRUQXHVWURVKLMRVSRU
QXHVWUR VLUYLHQWH> @ 6yORHODP RU HVFDSD]GHJHQH UDU FRPSDVLyQ \ EHOOH]DRUGHQ\  SD](ODP RU FRQ VX
FRPSDVLyQH[LVWHFXDQGRHO©\RªGHMDGHH[LVWLU

'($%5,/2&.9RO,9


En tanto poseamos, jamás habremos de amar

1RVRWURVFRQRFHPRVHODPRUFRPRVHQVDFLyQ¢QRHVDVt"&XDQGRGHFLPRVTXHDPDPRVFRQRFHPRVORVFHORV
HOPLHGRODDQVLHGDG&XDQGRXVWHGHVGLFHQTXHDP DQDDOJXLHQWRGRHVWiLPSOLFDGRHQYLGLDGHVHRGHSRVHHUGH
DGXHxDUVH GH GRPLQDU WHPRU GHSHUGHUHWF7RGRHVW R HVORTXHOODP DPRV DPRU \ QRFRQRFHP RV HODP RU VLQ
PLHGRVLQHQYLGLDVLQSRVHVLyQHVHHVWDGRGHDP RUTXHQRFRQWLHQHPLHGRWDQVyORORYHUEDOL]DPRVOROODPDPRV
LPSHUVRQDO SXURGLYLQRR'LRVVDEHTXpP iV SHUR HO KHFKR HV TXHVRP RV FHORVRVGRP LQDGRUHV SRVHVLYRV
&RQRFHUHPRVHVHHVWDGRGHDP RUVyORFXDQGROOHJXHQDVXILQ ORVFHORVODHQYLGLDHODIiQSRVHVLYRHOGHVHRGH
GRPLQDUHQWDQWRSRVHDPRVMDPiVKDEUHPRVGHDPDU>@¢&XiQGRSHQVDPRVHQODSHUVRQDDP DGD"3HQVDPRVHQ
HOODFXDQGRODSHUVRQDVHKDLGRFXDQGRHVWiOHMRVFXDQGRQRVKDGHMDGR>@$VtSXHVHFKDPRVGHPHQRVDTXLHQ
GHFLPRV DPDU VyORFXDQGRHVWDP RV SHUWXUEDGRVFXD QGRVXIULPRVPLHQWUDVSRVHHPRVDHVDSHUVRQDQRWHQHP RV
TXHSHQVDUHQHOODSRUTXHHQODSRVHVLyQQRKD\SHUWXUEDFLyQDOJXQD>@
(OSHQVDUVXUJHFXDQGRXQRHVWiSHUWXUEDGR\ SRUIXHU]D HVWDPRVSHUWXUEDGRVHQWDQWRQXHVWURSHQVDUHVOR
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OOHQDGR QXHVWURVFRUD]RQHVFDUHFHP RV GHDP RU /DVFRVDVGH OD PHQWH VRQORVFHORV OD HQYLGLD OD DPELFLyQ HO
GHVHRGHVHUDOJXLHQGHDOFDQ]DUHOp[LWR(VWDVFRVDVGH ODPHQWHOOHQDQQXHVWURV FRUD]RQHV\HQWRQFHVGHFLPRV
TXHDPDPRVSHUR¢FyPRSXHGHXQRDP DUFXDQGROOHYDGHQW URGHVtWRGRVHVWRV HOHPHQWRVFRQIXVRV"&XDQGRKD\
KXPR¢FyPRHVSRVLEOHTXHKD\DXQDOODPDSXUD"

'($%5,/2&.9RO9,


El amor no es un deber

&XDQGRKD\DPRUQRKD\©GHEHUHVª&XDQGRXQRDPDDVXHVSRVDORFRPSDUWHWRGRFRQHOODVXSURSLHGDG
VXVGLILFXOWDGHVVXDQVLHGDGVXDOHJUtD8QRQRHMHUFHGRPLQLR8QRQRHVHOKRPEUH\HOODODPXMHUSDUDVHUXVDGD
\ GHVFDUWDGD XQD HVSHFLH GHP iTXLQD HQJHQGUDGRUDGHVWLQ DGD DGDUFRQWLQXLGDGDODSHOOLGRGHOKRP EUH &XDQGR
KD\ DPRU ODSDODEUD deber GHVDSDUHFH (O KRPEUH FX\R FRUD]yQFDUHFHGHDP RU HVHOTXHKDEODGHGHUHFKRV\ 
GHEHUHV\HQHVWHSDtV>,QGLD@ ORVGHUHFKRV\ GHEHUHVKDQWRPDGRHOOXJDUGHODP RU/DVUHJODPHQWDFLRQHVVHKDQ
YXHOWRPiVLPSRUWDQWHVTXHODFDOLGH]GHODIHFWR&XDQGRKD\ DPRUHOSUREOHPDHVVLPSOHFXDQGRQRKD\DPRUHO
SUREOHPDVHYXHOYHFRPSOHMR&XDQGRXQKRPEUHDPDDVXPXMHU\DVXVKLMRVMDPiVSXHGHSHQVDUHQWpUPLQRVGH
deber\derechos6HxRUHVH[DPLQHQVXVSURSLRVFRUD]RQHV\VXVPHQWHV6pTXHORWRPDQDULVDpVHHVXQRGHORV
WUXFRV GH OD SHUVRQD LUUHIOH[LYD UHtUVHGHDOJR\  GHVHFKDUOR 6XVHVSRVDVQRFRP SDUWHQ ODVUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHVGH
XVWHGHVQRFRPSDUWHQODSURSLHGDGQRSRVHHQODP LWDGGHORTXHXVWHGHVSRVHHQSRUTXH HOKRPEUHFRQVLGHUDTXH
OD PXMHU HVLQIHULRUDpODOJRSDUDVHUP DQWHQLGR \ XVDGR VH[XDOPHQWH VHJ~QODSURSLDFRQYHQLHQFLD FXDQGR HO
DSHWLWRORUHTXLHUD3RUHVRKDQ LQYHQWDGRODVSDODEUDVderechos\deber\FXDQGRODP XMHUVHUHEHODXVWHGHVOH
DUURMDQ HVWDVSDODEUDV6yORXQDVRFLHGDGHVWiWLFDXQD VRFLHGDG HQGHWHULRURKDEODGHGHEHU\  GHUHFKRV6L
H[DPLQDQGHYHUGDGVXVPHQWHV\VXVFRUD]RQHVHQFRQWUDUiQTXHFDUHFHQGHDPRU

 '($%5,/2&.9RO9


Una cosa de la mente

(VRTXHOODPDPRVQXHVWURDPRUHVXQDFRVDGHOD PHQWH0tUHQVHDVtPLVPRVVHxRUHV\VHxRUDV\YHUiQTXH
ORTXHHVWR\GLFLHQGRHVHYLGHQWHP HQWHYHUGDGHURGH RWURPRGRQXHVWUDVYLGDVQXHVWURVP DWULPRQLRVQXHVWUDV
UHODFLRQHVVHULDQSRUFRPSOHWRGLIHUHQWHVWHQGUtDPRVXQDVRFLHGDGQXHYD1RVOLJDPRVDRWUDSHUVRQDQRSRUREUD
GHXQDFRPXQLyQYHUGDGHUDVLQRPHGLDQWHXQFRQWUDWRDOTXHOODPDPRVDPRUFDVDPLHQWR(ODPRUQRIXVLRQDQR
DPROGDDGRVSHUVRQDVQRHVSHUVRQDOQLLPSHUVRQDOHVXQHVWDGRGHOVHU$TXHOTXHGHVHDIXVLRQDUVHFRQDOJRPiV
JUDQGHXQLUVHFRQRWURVHUKXPDQRHVWiHOXGLHQGRODGHVGLFKDODFRQIXVLyQSHURODPHQWHVLJXHIXQFLRQDQGRHQOD
VHSDUDFLyQODFXDOHVGHVLQWHJUDFLyQ(ODP RUQRFRQRFHQLODIXVLyQQLODGLVSHUVLyQQRHVSHUVRQDOQLLP SHUVRQDO
HV XQ HVWDGR GHO VHU TXHODP HQWH QRSXHGHEXVFDU\  HQFRQWUDU SXHGHGHVFULELUORDGMXGLFDUOHXQYRFDEORXQ
QRPEUH SHURODSDODEUDODGHVFULSFLyQQRHVDP RU 6yOR OD PHQWH TXLHWD\  VLOHQFLRVDFRQRFHUiHODP RU \ HVH
HVWDGRGHTXLHWXG\VLOHQFLRQRHVFRVDTXHSXHGDFXOWLYDUVH

'($%5,/2&.9RO9,


Examinando el matrimonio

(VWDPRV WUDWDQGR GH FRPSUHQGHU HO PDWULPRQLR HQHOFXDOHVWiQLP SOLFDGRV ODUHODFLyQHODP RU HO
FRPSDxHULVPRODFRPXQLyQ2EYLDPHQWHVLQRKD\ DPRUHOPDWULPRQLRVHFRQYLHUWHHQXQD GHVJUDFLD¢YHUGDG"
6H YXHOYHP HUD VDWLVIDFFLyQP XWXD $PDU HVXQDGHODVFRVDVP iV GLItFLOHVTXHKD\  ¢QRHVDVt"  (ODP RU SXHGH
QDFHU\H[LVWLUWDQVyORHQDXVHQFLDGHO©\ Rª6LQDPRUODUHODFLyQHVSHQRVDSRUJUDWLILFDQWHRSRUVXSHUILFLDOTXH
VHDQRVFRQGXFHDODEXUULPLHQWRDODUXWLQDDOKiELWRFRQWRGDVVXVLPSOLFDFLRQHV(QFRQVHFXHQFLDORVSUREOHPDV
VH[XDOHV DGTXLHUHQ VXPD LPSRUWDQFLD $O H[DPLQDU HOP DWULPRQLR VLHVQHFHVDULRRQRXQRGHEHSULP HUR
FRPSUHQGHU HODP RU 3RUFLHUWRHODP RU HVFDVWRVLQDP RU XQRQR SXHGH VHU FDVWR SXHGH VHU FpOLEH KRPEUH R
PXMHUSHURVLQRKD\DPRUHVRQRHVVHUFDVWRQRHVVHUSXUR 6LXQRWLHQHXQLGHDOGHFDVWLGDGHVGHFLUVLTXLHUH
OOHJDU DVHUFDVWRWDP SRFR HQ HOOR KD\ DPRU SRUTXH HVR HVP HUDPHQWH HOGHVHRGHFRQYHUWLUVHHQDOJRTXHXQR
FRQVLGHUDQREOHFUH\HQGRTXHHVROHD\ XGDUiDHQFRQWUDUOD UHDOLGDGDKtQRKD\DPRUHQDEVROXWR$OLJXDOTXHHO
OLEHUWLQDMH TXHVyOROOHYDDODGHJUDGDFLyQ\  DODGHVG LFKD OD SHUVHFXFLyQGHXQLGHDOWDP SRFR HVFDVWD$P ERV
H[FOX\HQ HODP RU DPERV LPSOLFDQ OOHJDUDVHUDOJXQDFR VD FRPSODFHUVH HQDOJRSRUORWDQWRXQRHVHOTXHVH
YXHOYHLPSRUWDQWH\GRQGH©XQRªHVORLPSRUWDQWHQRH[LVWHHODPRU

'($%5,/2&.9RO,9


El amor es incapaz de amoldarse

(ODPRUQRHVXQDFRVDGHODP HQWH¢YHUGDG"1RHVWDQVyORHODFWRVH[XDO(O DPRUHVDOJRTXHODPHQWHQR
SXHGH FRQFHELUHVDOJRTXHQRSXHGHVHUIRUP XODGR < XVWHGHV VHUHODFLRQDQVLQDP RU VHFDVDQVLQDP RU 3RU
FRQVLJXLHQWHHQHVHPDWULPRQLR©VHDPROGDQªHOXQRDORWUR £/LQGDH[SUHVLyQ6HDP ROGDQHOXQRDORWURORFXDO
HV REYLDPHQWH XQPHUR SURFHVRPHQWDO LQWHOHFWXDO¢QR HV DVt" 7RGR DPROGDPLHQWRORHV3HURHODP RUHVSRU
FLHUWRLQFDSD]GHDPROGDUVH8VWHGHVVDEHQVHxRUHVTXHVLDPDQDDOJXLHQQRKD\©DPROGDPLHQWRª¢YHUGDG"6yOR
KD\FRPXQLyQFRPSOHWD8QLFDPHQWHFXDQGRQRKD\ DPRUFRPHQ]DPRVDDPROGDUQRV<DHVWHDP ROGDPLHQWROR
OODPDPRV PDWULPRQLR 'HDTXtTXHHOP DWULPRQLR IUDFDVH SRUTXH HVODIXHQWHP LVPD GHOFRQIOLFWRXQDEDWDOOD
HQWUHGRVSHUVRQDV(VXQSUREOHPDH[WUDRUGLQDULDPHQWHFRPSOHMRFRPRWRGRVORVSUREOHPDVSHURPiVD~QDFDXVD
GH ODIXHU]DTXHWLHQHQORVDSHWLWRV ORV LQVWLQWRV 3RU OR WDQWRXQDP HQWH TXHWDQVyORVHHVWiDP ROGDQGR MDPiV
SXHGHVHUFDVWD8QDPHQWHTXHEXVFDODIHOLFLGDGSRU PHGLRGHOVH[RMDPiVVHUiFDVWD$XQTXHHQHVHDFWRSXHGDQ
H[SHULPHQWDU PRPHQWiQHDPHQWH ODDEQHJDFLyQGHO©\ Rª HO ROYLGR GH Vt PLVPRV ODSHUVHFXFLyQP LVPD GHHVD
IHOLFLGDGSHUVHFXFLyQTXHHVFRVDGHODP HQWHKDFHTXHpVWDFDUH]FDGHFDVWLGDG/DFDVWLGDGVXUJHDODH[LVWHQFLD
VyORFXDQGRKD\DPRU

'($%5,/2&.9RO9


Amar es ser casto

(VWHSUREOHPDGHOVH[RQRHVVLPSOH\QRSXHGHVHUUHVXHOWRHQVXSURSLRQLYHO(VDEVXUGRWUDWDUGHUHVROYHUOR
GHVGHHOSXQWRGHYLVWDSXUDPHQWHELROyJLFR\DERUGDUORPHGLDQWHODUHOLJLyQRLQWHQWDUVROXFLRQDUORFRP RVLIXHUD
VyOR XQDFXHVWLyQGHDMXVWHItVLFRGHDFWLYLGDG JODQGXODU RURGHDUORGHWDE~HV\  FRQGHQDFLRQHVWRGRHVRHV
GHPDVLDGR LQPDGXUR LQIDQWLO\  HVW~SLGR(VWDFXHV WLyQ UHTXLHUHLQWHOLJHQFLDGHORUGHQP iV HOHYDGR
&RPSUHQGHUQRV HQQXHVWUDUHODFLyQFRQRWURVHUKXP DQRUHTXLHUH XQDLQWHOLJHQFLDP XFKR PiVUiSLGD\VXWLOTXH
SDUD HQWHQGHUODQDWXUDOH]D 3HUR QRVRWURV SURFXUDPRV FRPSUHQGHU VLQLQWHOLJHQFLDTXHUHP RV XQDDFFLyQ
LQPHGLDWD XQDVROXFLyQLQP HGLDWD \ HOSUREOHP D VHYXHOYHP iV \ PiV LPSRUWDQWH >@ (O DPRU QR HV PHUR
SHQVDPLHQWR ORVSHQVDP LHQWRV VRQWDQ VyOR XQD DFWLYLGDG H[WHUQDGHOFHUHEUR(ODP RU HVP XFKR PiV KRQGR
PXFKRPiVSURIXQGR\ODSURIXQGLGDGGHODYLGDSXHGHVHUGHVFXELHUWDVyORHQHODP RU6LQDPRUODYLGDQRWLHQH
VHQWLGR\pVDHVODSDUWHWULVWHGHQXHVWUDH[LVWHQFLD $YDQ]DPRVHQDxRV\ VHJXLPRVVLHQGRLQPDGXURVQXHVWURV
FXHUSRV HQYHMHFHQ HQJRUGDQ VHWRUQDQGHVDJUDGDEOHV\  SHUPDQHFHPRV WDQLUUHIOH[LYRVFRP R VLHPSUH $XQTXH
OHHPRV\KDEODPRVDOUHVSHFWRMDP iVKHPRVFRQRFLGRHOSH UIXPHGHODYLGD(OP HUROHHU\YHUEDOL]DULQGLFDXQD
IDOWDWRWDOGHHVDFDOLGH]KXPDQDGHOFRUD]yQODFXDOHQULTXHFHODYLGD\VLQHVDFDOLGDGGHODPRUKDJDQXVWHGHVOR
TXHKLFLHUHQ\DVHDTXHLQJUHVHQHQDOJXQDVRFLHGDGTXHHODERUHQDOJXQDQRUPDHWFQRUHVROYHUiQHVWHSUREOHPD
$PDUHVVHUFDVWR
(OPHURLQWHOHFWRQRHVFDVWLGDG(OKRP EUHTXHWUDWDGHVHUFDVWRHQSHQVDP LHQWRQRHVFDVWRSRUTXHFDUHFH
GHDPRU6yORHOVHUKXPDQRTXHDPDHVFDVWRSXURLQFRUUXSWLEOH

 '($%5,/2&.9RO9


El constante pensar es un derroche de energía

/DPD\RUtDGHQRVRWURVFRQVXP HVXYLGDHQHOHVIXHU]RHQ ODOXFKD\ HOHVIXHU]RODOXFKDODFRP SHWHQFLD
VRQXQDGLVLSDFLyQGHHVDHQHUJtD(OKRP EUHDOR ODUJRGHOSHULRGRKLVWyULFRGHVXH[LV WHQFLDKDGLFKRTXHSDUD
HQFRQWUDUD'LRVRODUHDOLGDGFXDOTXLHUDVHDHOQRP EUHTXHSXHGDQGDUOHXQRGHEHVHU FpOLEHRVHDGHEHWRUQDU
XQYRWRGHFDVWLGDG\ UHSULPLUFRQWURODUEDWDOODUFRQVLJRPLVPRLQWHUPLQDEOHPHQWHGXUDQWHWRGDVXYLGDDILQGH
PDQWHQHUVXYRWR£9HDQTXpGHVSHUGLFLRGHHQHUJtD7D PELpQHVXQGHVSHUGLFLRGHHQHUJtDODDXWRFRP SODFHQFLD
3HUR WLHQHP XFKD PD\RU LPSRUWDQFLD FXDQGR QRVUHSULP LPRV (OHVIXHU]RTXH VH KDLGRHQOD UHSUHVLyQ HQ HO
FRQWUROHQHVWHUHFKD]RGHQXHVWUR GHVHRGHIRUPDODPHQWHDFDXVDGHHVDGHIRUPDFLyQWHQHPRVFLHUWRVHQWLGRGH
DXVWHULGDGHOFXDOVHFRQYLHUWHHQGXUH]D3RUIDYRUHVFX FKHQ2EVpUYHQORHQVtPLVPRV\REVHUYHQDODVSHUVRQDV
TXHOHVURGHDQ2EVHUYHQHVWHGHUURFKHGHHQHUJtDODEDWD OODTXHWLHQHOXJDU1RODV LPSOLFDFLRQHVGHOVH[RQRHO
DFWRHQVtVLQRORVLGHDOHVODVLPiJHQHVHOSODFHUHOFRQVWDQWHSHQVDUDFHUFDGHWRGRHVRHVXQGHUURFKHGHHQHUJtD
<ODPD\RUtDGHODVSHUVRQDVP DOJDVWDVXHQHUJtD\ DVHDDWUDYpVGHODQHJDFLyQGHOVH[RR DFDXVDGHVXYRWRGH
FDVWLGDGRSRUSHQVDULQWHUPLQDEOHPHQWHHQHOVH[R

'($%5,/2&.9RO;9


El idealista no puede conocer el amor

/RVTXHWUDWDQGHVHUFpOLEHVFRQHOILQGHOOHJDU D'LRVQRVRQFDVWRVSRUTXHHVWiQ EXVFDQGRXQUHVXOWDGRXQ
EHQHILFLR\DVtVXVWLWX\HQHOVH[RSRUHOREMHWLYRHQSHUVSHFWLYDHVRHVPLHGR6XVFRUD]RQHVFDUHFHQGHDPRU\GH
SXUH]D\VyORXQFRUD]yQSXURSXHGH GDUFRQODUHDOLGDG8QFRUD]yQGLVFLSOLQDGRUHSULPLGRQRSXHGHVDEHUTXp
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El sentimentalismo y la emoción engendran crueldad

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Debemos morir para todas nuestras emociones

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Uno debe tener grandes sentimientos

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La totalidad del sentir

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Si uno no nombra ese sentimiento

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Las emociones no nos llevan a ninguna parte

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La memoria niega el amor

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No rotular los sentimientos

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Comprender el valor exacto de las palabras

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Las palabras crean limitaciones

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Ir más allá de las palabras

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Un ver extraordinario

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La percepción de la verdad es instantánea

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La verdad es muy sutil

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Todo pensamiento es parcial

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Estar libres del «yo»

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La percepción alerta puede disipar los problemas

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No hay condicionamiento noble o mejor

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La libertad respecto del condicionamiento

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No hay parte de la mente que no esté condicionada

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La carga del inconsciente

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 '(0$<22&.9RO;,9


El intervalo entre pensamientos

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Observar cómo se forman los hábitos

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'(0$<22&.9RO;,,,

-81,2

La energía
La atención
La percepción alerta y sin opciones
La violencia


La energía su propia disciplina

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  '(-81,23'(


La dualidad genera conflicto

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'(-81,22&.9RO;,9


El modelo de una idea

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'(-81,22&.9RO;,9


Donde hay contradicción, hay conflicto

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SURGXFWRGHODUHVLVWHQFLD

'(-81,22&.9RO;,,,


La energía creativa

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FUHDWLYDHVDHQHUJtDTXHQRHVSURGXFWRGHOSHQVDPLHQWR

'(-81,22&.9RO;,,


La más elevada forma de energía

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FRQFHSWRV DFHUFDGHFyP R JHQHUDUXQDFODVHGHHQHUJtDGH OD PiV DOWDFDOLGDG3HURODIyUP XOD HVHQWHUDP HQWH
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SXHGHVHUEXVFDGD8VWHGQRSXHGHGHFLU©%XHQRGtJDP HFyPRREWHQHUODFXiOHVHOP pWRGRHOmodus operandiª
1R KD\ PpWRGR SDUDHOOR3DUDGHVFXEULUSRUQRVRWURVP LVPRV ODQDWXUDOH]DGHHVWDHQHUJtDGHEHP RV HPSH]DU D
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\HOiUEROTXHHQHODWDUGHFHUVHDSDUWDGHWRGDODOX] GHOGtD/DREVHUYDFLyQPLVPDGHWRGRHVWRHVHQHUJtD<HVWD
HQHUJtDODREWHQHPRVGHORVDOLPHQWRVGHORVUD\ RVVRODUHV(VWDHQHUJtDItVLFDFRWLGLDQDTXHXQRWLHQHHVREYLR
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FXDOTXLHUWLSRGHFRQWUDGLFFLyQLQWHUQDHVDHQHUJtDHVXQGHVSHUGLFLRHQHUJpWLFR

'(-81,22&.9RO;,9


El arte de escuchar es el arte de liberarse

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FRQIOLFWR

 '(-81,22&.9RO;,,


Atención sin resistencia

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HVSDFLR HQWRQFHVHQHVHHVSDFLRKD\  VLOHQFLR \ GH HVH VLOHQFLR SURYLHQHWRGRORGHP iV SRUTXHHQWRQFHVXVWHG
SXHGHHVFXFKDUSXHGHSUHVWDUDWHQFLyQ VLQUHVLVWHQFLDDOJXQD3RUHVRHVP X\LPSRUWDQWHFRQWDUFRQHVSDFLRHQOD
PHQWH6LODPHQWHQRVHKDOODDWHVWDGD LQFHVDQWHPHQWHRFXSDGDSXHGHHVFXFKDUDHVHSHUURTXHODGUDHVFXFKDUHO
VRQLGRGHDTXHOWUHQTXHFUX]DHOSXHQWHGLVWDQWH\ WDPELpQHVWDUSOHQDPHQWHDWHQWDDORTXHGLFHXQDSHUVRQDTXH
KDEODDTXt(QWRQFHVODPHQWHHVDOJRYLYRQRXQDFRVDDSDJDGDPXHUWD

'(-81,23'(


Atención libre de esfuerzo

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VLQVHQWLGRDOJXQRGHH[FOXVLyQ"1RKD\ GXGDGHTXHSXHGHKDFHUOR\pVHHVHO~QLFRHVWDGRGHDWHQFLyQORVRWURV
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GHVFXEULUi TXpHVP HGLWDU SRUTXHHQHVDDWHQFLyQQRKD\  HVIXHU]R QLGLYLVLyQQLOXFKDQLE~VTXHGDGHXQ
UHVXOWDGR'HHVWHP RGRODPHGLWDFLyQHVXQSURFHVRSRUHO FXDOODPHQWHVHOLEHUDGHWRGRVORVVLVWHP DV\SXHGH
FRQFHGHUDWHQFLyQVLQHVWDUDEVRUWDHQDOJR\VLQKDFHUHVIXHU]RDOJXQRSDUDFRQFHQWUDUVH

 '(-81,22&.9RO,;


Una atención que no es exclusiva

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QRSXHGHDFHSWDUVDWLVIDFFLyQDOJXQD4XL]iQR HVWpXWLOL]DQGRODSDODEUDDGHFXDGDSDUDHOORSHURSLHQVRTXHHVH
GHVFRQWHQWRH[WUDRUGLQDULRHVORHVHQFLDO6LQpOWRGDRWUD IRUPDGHGHVFRQWHQWROOHJDDVHUWDQVyORXQSDVDMHKDFLD
ODVDWLVIDFFLyQ

'(-81,22&.9RO,;


La atención es ilimitada, no tiene fronteras

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 '(-81,2$'9


Atención completo

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PtRHVEXHQRSUHVWDUDWHQFLyQSHUR¢FyPRORKDJR"ª(VGHFLUHVWiRWUDYH]GHVHDQGRREWHQHUDOJRGHP RGRTXH
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PXURVGHUHVLVWHQFLDHVWiODHQWLGDGTXHVHFRQFHQWUDSHURHVRQRHVDWHQFLyQHVH[FOXVLyQ

'(-81,22&.9RO;


La eliminación del miedo es el principio de la atención

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VHWHUPLQDQODHQYLGLD\ODWRUWXUDGHO©OOHJDUDVHUª

'(-81,23'(


No hay lugar alguno al cual llegar

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VXVQHJRFLRVVLQRHQWRGRORTXHKDFHQSRUHVRVHVLHQWH QLQVDWLVIHFKRVIUXVWUDGRVLQIHOLFHV6HxRUQRKD\OXJDU
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'(-81,22&.9RO,;


El conocimiento no es percepción alerta

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 '(-81,22&.9RO;,,,


La introspección es incompleta

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'(-81,22&.9RO,,,


Ver la totalidad

¢&yPR XVWHGXQiUERO"¢9HODWRWDOLGDGGHOiUERO"6LQR OR YH FRPR DOJRWRWDOQRHVWiYLHQGRHOiUEROHQ
DEVROXWR 3XHGH SDVDUGHODUJR\  GHFLU©£$OOtKD\  XQ iUEROTXpKHUP RVR HVª R ©HVXQP DQJRª R©QRVpTXp
iUEROHV VRQpVRVSXHGHTXHVHDQ WDPDULQGRVª 3HUR FXDQGR VH GHWLHQH\  PLUD HVWR\ UHILULpQGRPH DDOJRUHDOD
KHFKRVMDPiVYHODWRWDOLGDGGHOiUERO\ VLQRYH ODWRWDOLGDGQRYHHOiUERO /RPLVPRRFXUUHFRQODpercepción
alerta6LXVWHGQRYHODWRWDOLGDG GHODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHVXPHQWHHQHOVHQWLGRGHFRPRYHHOiUEROQRHVWiDOHUWD
(OiUEROVHFRPSRQHGHUDtFHVWURQFRUDPDVODVUDPDVJUDQGHV\ODVSHTXHxDV\ODPX\GHOLFDGDTXHUHVDOWDDOOiHQ
ORDOWR\ODVKRMDVODKRMDP XHUWDODKRMDPDUFKLWD\ODKRMDYHUGHODKRMDFRP LGDODKRMDIHDODKRMDTXHVHHVWi
GHVSUHQGLHQGRHOIUXWRODIORUWRGRFXDQWRXVWHGYHFRP RXQDWRWDOLGDGFXDQGRP LUDHOiUERO'HLJXDOP RGRHQ
HVHHVWDGRGHYHUODVRSHUDFLRQHVGHVXP HQWHHQHVHHVWDGRGHSHUFHSFLyQDOHUWDVHUHYHODQVXVHQWLGRGHFRQGHQD
GH DSUREDFLyQQHJDFLyQOXFKDIXWLOLGDG DVt FRPR OD GHVHVSHUDFLyQ ODHVSHUDQ]DODIUXVWUDFLyQODSHUFHSFLyQ
DOHUWDDEDUFDWRGRHVRQRVyORXQDSDUWH$VtSXHV ¢SHUFLEHXVWHGVXPHQWHHQHVHVHQWLGRPX\VLPSOHFRPRHOGH
YHUXQDSLQWXUDHQVXWRWDOLGDG"1RHQYHUWDQVyORXQiQJXORGHODSLQWXUD\GHFLU©¢4XLpQSLQWyHVHFXDGUR"ª

 '(-81,22&.9RO;,,


No es posible disciplinar la percepción alerta

6LSUDFWLFDPRVODSHUFHSFLyQDOHUWDVLODFRQYHUWLPRVHQXQKiELWRVHYXHOYHXQDWDUHDWHGLRVD\ GLItFLO1RHV
SRVLEOH GLVFLSOLQDUODSHUFHSFLyQDOHUWD(VRTXH SUDFWLFDPRV \D QRHVP iV SHUFHSFLyQDOHUWDSRUTXHODSUiFWLFD
LPSOLFDODFUHDFLyQGHXQKiELWRHOHMHUFLFLRGHOHVIXHU]R \GHODYROXQWDG(OHVIXHU]RHVGLVWRUVLyQ /DSHUFHSFLyQ
DOHUWDQRDFW~DVyORFRQUHVSHFWRDORH[WHUQRHOYXHOR GHORVSiMDURVODVVRPEUDVHOPDULQTXLHWRORViUEROHV\HO
YLHQWR HOP HQGLJR \ ORVOXMRVRVDXWRP yYLOHV TXHSDVDQD VX ODGRWDP ELpQ HVWiODSHUFHSFLyQ DOHUWD GHO SURFHVR
SVLFROyJLFRGHODVWHQVLRQHV\ORVFRQIOLFWRVLQWHUQRV8 QRQRFHQVXUDDOSiMDURTXHYXHODORREVHUYDSHUFLEHVX
EHOOH]D3HURFXDQGRXQRFRQVLGHUDVXSURSLD OXFKDLQWHUQDODFHQVXUDRODMXVWLILFD(VLQFDSD]GHREVHUYDUHVWH
FRQIOLFWRLQWHUQRVLQLQWURGXFLURSFLyQQLMXVWLILFDFLyQDOJXQD
(VWDUDOHUWDDORVSURSLRVVHQWLP LHQWRV\SHQVDPLHQWRVVLQLGHQWLILFDUVHFRQHOORVVLQUHFKD]DUQDGDQRHVXQD
WDUHD WHGLRVD\  GLItFLOSHURFXDQGREXVFDP RV XQUHVX OWDGR FXDQGR TXHUHPRV REWHQHU DOJRHOFRQIOLFWRVH
LQFUHPHQWD\FRPLHQ]DHOWHGLRGHOHVIXHU]RGHODOXFKD

'(-81,22&.9RO,9


Permitir que un pensamiento florezca

/DSHUFHSFLyQDOHUWDHVHVHHVWDGRGHODP HQWHTXHORDEDUFDWRGRORVFXHUYRVTXHFUX]DQYRODQGRHOFLHORODV
IORUHVHQORViUEROHVODVSHUVRQDVVHQWDGDVIUHQWH DXQRORVFRORUHVTXHYLVWHQHVHVWDUDP SOLDPHQWHDOHUWDORFXDO
UHTXLHUH YLJLODQFLDREVHUYDFLyQLP SOLFD FDSWDUODIRUP D GH OD KRMD ODIRUP D GHOWURQFRODIRUP D TXHWLHQHOD
FDEH]DGHODRWUDSHUVRQDORTXHHVDSHUVRQDHVWiKDFLHQGR (VHVWDUDPSOLDPHQWHDOHUWD\GHVGHDKtDFWXDUR VHD
HVWDU DWHQWRDODWRWDOLGDGGHOSURSLRVHU(OSRVHHUWD Q VyORXQDFDSDFLGDGSDUFLDOIUDJP HQWDGD SHUVHJXLU HVD
FDSDFLGDG\GHULYDUH[SHULHQFLDVGHHVDFDSDFLGDGUHVWULQJLGD KDFHTXHODFDOLGDGGHODP HQWHVHYXHOYDPHGLRFUH
OLPLWDGD HVWUHFKD3HURXQDSHUFHSFLyQDOHUWDGH OD WRWDOLGDG GHOSURSLRVHUODFRP SUHQVLyQ GHHVDWRWDOLGDG
PHGLDQWHODFDSWDFLyQtQWHJUDGHFDGD SHQVDPLHQWR\FDGDVHQWLPLHQWRVLQOLPLWDUORVMDPiVSHUPLWLHQGRTXHFDGD
VHQWLPLHQWR\FDGDSHQVDPLHQWRIORUH]FDHVHHVWDGRGHDOHUWDWRWDOHVSRUFRPSOHWRGLIHUHQWHGHODFRQFHQWUDFLyQOD
FXDOHVWDQVyORFDSDFLGDG\HQFRQVHFXHQFLDHVOLPLWDGD
(OSHUPLWLUTXHIORUH]FDXQSHQVDP LHQWRRXQVHQWLP LHQWRH[LJHDWHQFLyQQRFRQFHQWUDFLyQ(QWLHQGR SRUHO
IORUHFHU GHXQSHQVDP LHQWR GDUOHOLEHUWDGSDUDYHU TXp RFXUUH TXpHVORTXHWLHQHOXJDUHQQXHVWURSHQVDUHQ
QXHVWUR VHQWLU 7RGR ORTXHIORUHFHGHEHWHQHUOLEHUWDGGH EHWHQHUOX]QRVHORSXHGHUHVWULQJLU8VWHGQRSXHGH
DVLJQDUOHYDORUDOJXQRQRSXHGHGHFLU©(VRHVEXHQRHVR HVPDORHVWRGHEHVHU\ DTXHOORQRGHEHVHUª GHHVH
PRGR OLPLWD HOIORUHFHUGHOSHQVDP LHQWR < pVWH VyOR SXHGH IORUHFHU HQODSHUFHSFLyQDOHUWD3RUORWDQWRVLOR
LQYHVWLJDPX\SURIXQGDPHQWHGHVFXEULUiTXHHVWHIORUHFHUGHOSHQVDPLHQWRHVODWHUPLQDFLyQGHOSHQVDPLHQWR

 '(-81,22&.9RO;,,


La percepción pasiva

(QODSHUFHSFLyQDOHUWDQRKD\ XQGHYHQLUQRKD\ REMHWLYRDOJXQRTXHDOFDQ]DU+D\REVHUYDFLyQVLOHQFLRVD
VLQ RSFLyQQLFRQGHQD\  HQHOODVXUJH OD FRPSUHQVLyQ (QHVWHSURFHVRFXDQGRSHQVDP LHQWR \ VHQWLPLHQWR VH
H[SRQHQDVtP LVPRVORFXDOVyORHV SRVLEOHFXDQGRQRKD\QLDGTXLVLFLyQQLDFHSWDFLyQDGYLHQHXQDSHUFHSFLyQ
DOHUWDH[WHQVLYDHQODTXHVHUHYHODQWRGDVODVFDSDVRF XOWDVFRQVXVVLJQLILFDGRV(VWDSHUFHSFLyQUHYHODHVHYDFtR
FUHDGRUTXHQRSXHGHVHULPDJLQDGRQLIRUPXODGR/DSHUFHSFLyQDOHUWDH[WHQVLYD\HOYDFtRFUHDGRUVRQXQSURFHVR
WRWDO \ QRHWDSDVGLIHUHQWHV&XDQGRXQRREVHUYDHQVLOHQFLR  XQ SUREOHPD VLQ FRQGHQDUQLMXVWLILFDUDGYLHQHOD
SHUFHSFLyQSDVLYD(QHVWDSHUFHSFLyQSDVLYDHOSUREOHP DHVFRPSUHQGLGR\GLVXHOWR([LVWHHQHVWDSHUFHSFLyQ
XQD VHQVLELOLGDGLQWHQVLILFDGDTXHFRQWLHQH OD PiV HOHYDGD IRUPD GHOSHQVDUQHJDWLYR&XDQGRODP HQWH HVWi
SURGXFLHQGRIRUPXODQGRLGHDVSHQVDPLHQWRVQRSXHGHKDEHUFUHDFLyQ6yORFXD QGRVHKDOODHQVLOHQFLR\ YDFtD
FXDQGRQRJHQHUDSUREOHP DDOJXQRHQHVD SDVLYLGDGDOHUWDKD\FUHDFLyQ/DFUHDFLyQVyORSXHGHWHQHUOXJDUHQHO
HVWDGR QHJDWLYRTXHQRHVOR RSXHVWR GH OR SRVLWLYR 6HU QDGD QRHVODDQWtWHVLVGHVHUDOJR(OSUREOHP D VXUJH
~QLFDPHQWH FXDQGREXVFDP RV XQUHVXOWDGR&XDQGRFHVDOD  E~VTXHGD GHUHVXOWDGRVVyORHQWRQFHVQRKD\ 
SUREOHPDV

'(-81,22&.9RO,9


Lo que se ha comprendido por completo no se repetiré

(QODDWHQWDSHUFHSFLyQGHQRVRWURVPLVPRVQRHVQHFHVDULDODFRQIHVLyQSRUTXHHVDSHUFHSFLyQFUHDHOHVSHMR
HQHOTXHWRGDVODVFRVDVVHUHIOHMDQVLQGLVWRUVLyQDOJXQD&DGDSHQVDP LHQWRVHQWLPLHQWRHVSUR\HFWDGRSRUGHFLUOR
DVt VREUHODSDQWDOODGHODSHUFHSFLyQDOHUWD SDUD VHU REVHUYDGRHVWXGLDGR\  FRPSUHQGLGR SHURHVWHIOXLUGHOD
FRPSUHQVLyQ VHEORTXHDFXDQGRKD\  FRQGHQDRDFHSWDFLyQ  LGHQWLILFDFLyQ R MXLFLR &XDQWRP iV REVHUYDPRV \
FRPSUHQGHPRV ORTXHVHSUR\ HFWD HQODSDQWDOOD QR KDFLpQGROR FRPR XQGHEHURXQDSUiFWLFDLP SXHVWD VLQR
SRUTXHODSHQD\ HOGRORU KDQFUHDGRHOLQWHUpVLQVDFLDEOHTXHJHQHUDVXSURSLDGLVFLSOLQDP D\RUHVODLQWHQVLGDG
GHODSHUFHSFLyQDOHUWD\pVWDRULJLQDDVXYH]XQDFRPSUHQVLyQLQWHQVLILFDGD
 8VWHGHV SXHGHQ VHJXLUDOJRVLVHP XHYHOHQWDPHQWHXQD PDTXLQD GHDOWDYHORFLGD GGHEHDPLQRUDUODSDUD
TXH SXHGDQHVWXGLDUVHVXVP RYLPLHQWRV 'HLJXDOP DQHUD SHQVDPLHQWRV \ VHQWLPLHQWRV SRGUiQ VHU HVWXGLDGRV \
FRPSUHQGLGRVVyORVLODP HQWHSXHGHSURFHGHUFRQOHQWLW XGSHURXQDYH]TXHHVWDFDSDFLGDG VHKDGHVSHUWDGR\D
SXHGHPRYHUVHDDOWDYHORFLGDG\ HVRODWRUQDH[WUHPDGDPHQWHVHUHQD&XDQGRJLUDQDDOWDYHORFLGDGODV DOHWDVGH
XQYHQWLODGRUSDUHFHQXQDVyOLGDKRMDGHP HWDO1XHVWUDGLILFXOWDGHVWiHQKDFHUTXHODPHQWHIXQFLRQHGHVSDFLRGH
PRGR TXHFDGDSHQVDP LHQWRVHQWLPLHQWR SXHGDVHU VHJXLGR \ FRPSUHQGLGR /RTXHVHKD FRPSUHQGLGR
SURIXQGDPHQWH\SRUFRPSOHWRQRVHUHSHWLUi

'(-81,2('.


La violencia

¢4XpRFXUUHFXDQGRFRQFHGHPRVDWHQFLyQFRPSOHWDDHVDFRVDTXHOODPDPRVYLROHQFLD"/DYLROHQFLDQRHVWDQ
VyORORTXHVHSDUDDORVVHUHVKXP DQRVDFDXVDGHODFUHHQFLDHOFRQGLFLRQDPLHQWR\GHPiVVLQRWDPELpQORTXHVH
PDQLILHVWD FXDQGR EXVFDPRV ODVHJXULGDGSHUVRQDOROD VHJXULGDG GHOLQGLYLGXRSRUP HGLR GHOSDWUyQVRFLDO
¢3XHGHQ XVWHGHV PLUDU HVDYLROHQFLDFRQDWHQFLyQFRP SOHWD" <FXDQGRODP LUDQ DVt ¢TXpRFXUUH"&XDQGR
FRQFHGHPRV DWHQFLyQFRP SOHWD DDOJRDOHVWXGLRGHODKL VWRULD R ODV PDWHPiWLFDV DOP LUDU DQXHVWUDHVSRVDRD
QXHVWURPDULGR¢TXpRFXUUH"1RVpVLDOJXQDYH]ORKDQ H[DPLQDGRHVSUREDEOHTXHODPD\RUtDGHQRVRWURVMDPiV
KD\D SUHVWDGR DWHQFLyQFRP SOHWD DQDGDSHURFXDQGROR KDFHQ ¢TXpRFXUUH"6HxRUHV¢TXpHVODDWHQFLyQ"3RU
FLHUWRFXDQGRSUHVWDQDWHQFLyQFRP SOHWDKD\SUHRFXSDFLyQSRUHORWUR\ QRSXHGHQSUHRFXSDUVHSRUHORWURVLQR
VLHQWHQ DIHFWR DPRU <FXDQGRFRQFHGHQXQDDWHQFLyQ TXH FRQWLHQHDIHFWR¢KD\  YLROHQFLD"¢(QWLHQGHQ"
)RUPDOPHQWHXQRKDFRQGHQDGRODYLROHQFLDKDHVFDSDGRGHH OODODKDMXVWLILFDGRKDGLFKRTXHHVQDWXUDO7RGDV
HVWDVFRVDVVRQLQDWHQFLyQ3HURFXDQGRXQRSUHVWDDWHQFLyQD HVRTXHKDOODPDGRYLROHQFLDDWHQFLyQTXHFRQWLHQH
SUHRFXSDFLyQDIHFWRDPRU¢GyQGHKD\HVSDFLRSDUDODYLROHQFLD"

'(-81,22&.9RO;9,,


¿Es posible terminar con la violencia?

&XDQGR XVWHGHVKDEODQGHODYLROHQFL D ¢TXpHQWLHQGHQSRUHVDSDODEUD"(VUHDOP HQWH PX\LQWHUHVDQWHVLOR
H[DPLQDQDIRQGRSUHJXQWDUVHVLXQVHUKXP DQRYLYLHQGRHQHVWHPXQGRSXHGHFHVDUWRWDOP HQWHGHVHUYLROHQWR
/DV VRFLHGDGHVODVFRP XQLGDGHV UHOLJLRVDVKDQWUDWDGR GH QRP DWDU DQLPDOHV $OJXQDVKDQOOHJDGRD GHFLU ©6L
XVWHGHVQRTXLHUHQPDWDUDQLPDOHV¢TXpKD\HQWRQFHVFRQORVYHJHWDOHV"ª8QRSXHGHOOHYDUHVWRDWDOH[WUHPRTXH
GHMDUtD GHH[LVWLU¢'yQGHWUD]DHO OtPLWH" ¢+D\ XQD OtQHD DUELWUDULD WUD]DGDFRQIRUP H DQXHVWURLGHDODQXHVWUD
IDQWDVtDDQXHVWUDQRUPDDQXHVWURWHP SHUDPHQWRDQXHVWURFRQGLFLRQDPLHQWRFRPRSDUDSRGHUGHFLU© /OHJDUp
KDVWDDTXtSHURQRP iVDOOiª"¢+D\DFDVRGLIHUHQFLDHQWU HODLUDLQGLYLGXDOFRQVXDFFLyQYLROHQWDSRUSDUWHGHO
LQGLYLGXR\HORGLRRUJDQL]DGRGHXQDVR FLHGDGTXHHQJHQGUD\ IRUPDXQHMpUFLWRSDUDGHVWUXLUDRWUDVRFLHGDG"
¢'yQGHHQTXpQLYHO\ TXpIUDJPHQWRGHODYLROHQFLDHVW iQXVWHGHVGLVFXWLHQGR"¢2TXLHUHQGLVFXWLUVLHOKRP EUH
SXHGHHVWDUOLEUHGHODYLROHQFLDHQVXWRWDOLGDGQRGHXQIUDJPHQWRHQSDUWLFXODUDOTXHOODPDPRVYLROHQFLD"
6DEHPRVTXpHVODYLROHQFLDFXDQGRQRVHH[SUHVDHQSDODEUDVHQIUDVHVHQ DFWRV&RPRVHUKXPDQRHQTXLHQ
HODQLPDOHVWRGDYtDPX\IXHUWHDSHVDUGHORVVLJORVGH ODDVtOODP DGDFLYLOL]DFLyQ¢SRUGyQGHKHGHFRP HQ]DU"
¢&RPHQ]DUp SRUODSHULIHULDTXHHVODVRFLHGDGRSRUHOFHQWURTXHVR\  \R PLVPR" 8VWHG PH GLFH TXH QR VHD
YLROHQWRSRUTXHHVRHVDOJRWHUULEOH0HH[SOLFD WRGDVODVUD]RQHV\\RYHRTXHODYLROHQFLDHVXQDFRVDWHUULEOHHQ
ORV VHUHVKXP DQRV WDQWRODYLROHQFLDH[WHUQDFRP R OD LQWHUQD < PH SUHJXQWR¢(VSRVLEOHSRQHUILQDHVWD
YLROHQFLD"

 '(-81,22&.9RO;9,


La cansa central del conflicto

1R SLHQVHQXVWHGHVTXHP HGLDQWH HOP HUR GHVHDU OD SD] WHQGUiQSD]FXDQGRHQVXYLGDGHUHODFLyQVRQ
DJUHVLYRV FRGLFLRVRV\  EXVFDQODVHJXULGDGDTXtRHQ HO PiV DOOi7LHQHQTXHFRP SUHQGHU ODFDXVD FHQWUDO GHO
FRQIOLFWR\GHOGRORU\ HQWRQFHVGLVROYHUODQRHVSHUDUDTXH ODSD]OHVOOHJXHGHVGHDIXHUD3HUR\ DORYHQFDVL
WRGRV VRPRV LQGROHQWHV6RP RV GHPDVLDGR SHUH]RVRVSDUD  HQFDUJDUQRVGHQRVRWURVP LVPRV \ FRPSUHQGHUQRV D
QRVRWURVPLVPRVVLHQGRSHUH]RVRVORFXDOHVHQ UHDOLGDGXQDIRUPDGHSUHVXQFLyQSHQVDPRVTXHRWUDVSHUVRQDV
UHVROYHUiQ HVWH SUREOHPD SRUQRVRWURV\  QRVGDUiQODS D] RTXHGHEHP RV GHVWUXLUDODVDSDUHQWHP HQWH SRFDV
SHUVRQDVTXHFDXVDQODVJXHUUDV&XDQGRHOLQGLYLGXRHVWiHQFRQIOLFWRGHQWURGHVtP LVPRLQHYLWDEOHPHQWHGHEH
FUHDU FRQIOLFWRDIXHUDVyORpOSXHGHRULJLQDUSD]HQVt  PLVPR \ SRUFRQVLJXLHQWHHQHO PXQGR SRUTXH pO HV HO
PXQGR

'(-81,22&.9RO,,,


Dense cuenta de que son violentos

(ODQLPDOHVYLROHQWR/RVVHUHVKXP DQRVTXHVRQHOU HVXOWDGRGHODQLPDOWDPELpQVRQYLROHQWRVIRUPDSDUWH
GHVXQDWXUDOH]DHOVHUYLROHQWRVLUDVFLEOHVFHORVRVHQYLGL RVRVEXVFDUHOSRGHUODSRVLFLyQHOSUHVWLJLR\ GHPiV
GRPLQDU DJUHGLU(OKRP EUH HVYLROHQWRHVWRVHKD GHPRVWUDGR HQP LOHV GHJXHUUDV\  KDGHVDUUROODGR XQD
LGHRORJtDTXHpOFDOLILFDGH©QRYLROHQFLDª>@<FXDQGRKD\YLROHQFLDGHKHFKRFRPRXQDJXHUUDHQWUHHVWHSDtV\
HOSDtVYHFLQRWRGRVTXHGDQLP SOLFDGRVHQHOOD/HVJXVWD$KRUDELHQFXDQGRVRQGHKHFKRYLROHQWRV\ DOLPHQWDQ
XQLGHDOGHQRYLROHQFLDWLHQHQXQFRQIOLFWR(VWiQVLHP SUHWUDWDQGRGHYROYHUVHQRYLROHQWRVOR FXDOIRUPDSDUWH
GHOFRQIOLFWR6HGLVFLSOLQDQFRQHOILQGHQRVHUYLROHQ WRV\HVRLPSOLFDQXHYDPHQWHFRQIOLFWRIULFFLyQ'HPRGR
TXH FXDQGR VRQ YLROHQWRV \ WLHQHQHOLGHDOGHQRYLROHQFL D VRQHVHQFLDOP HQWH YLROHQWRV/RSULP HUR TXHGHEHQ
KDFHUHVGDUVHFXHQWDGHTXHVRQYLROHQWRVQRWUDWDUGH YROYHUVHQRYLROHQWRV9HDQODYLROHQFLDWDOFRP RHVQR
WUDWHQGHLQWHUSUHWDUODDVXP RGRQRODGLVFLSOLQHQQRLQWH QWHQYHQFHUODQLUHSULPLUODYpDQODFRPRVLHVWXYLHUDQ
YLpQGROD SRUSULP HUD YH](VRLP SOLFD PLUDUOD VLQ TXH LQWHUYHQJD QLQJ~QSHQVDP LHQWR <DKHH[SOLFDGRTXp
HQWHQGHPRVSRUPLUDUFRQLQRFHQFLDXQiUEROHVP LUDUORVLQODLPDJHQ'HLJXDOPRGRXVWHGHVWLHQHQTXHPLUDUOD
YLROHQFLDVLQODLPDJHQFRQWHQLGDHQODSDODEUDP LVPD0LUDUODVLQQLQJ~QP RYLPLHQWRGHOSHQVDUHV PLUDUODFRPR
VLODHVWXYLHUDQYLHQGRSRUSULPHUDYH]HVGHFLUPLUiQGRODFRQLQRFHQFLD

'(-81,22&.9RO;9,,


Liberarse de la violencia

¢3XHGHQHQWRQFHVYHUHOKHFKRGHODYLROHQFLDYHUHO KHFKRQRVyORH[WHUQRVLQRWDPELpQHOTXHWLHQHOXJDU
GHQWURGHXVWHGHV\TXHQRKD\DLQWHUYDORWHPSRUDODOJXQRHQWUHHOYHU\HODFWXDU"(VWRTXLHUHGHFLUTXHHQHODFWR
PLVPRGHYHUHVWiQOLEUHVGHOD YLROHQFLD(VWiQWRWDOPHQWHOLEUHVGHODYLROHQFLDSRUTXHQRKDQDGP LWLGRHOWLHPSR
XQDLGHRORJtDPHGLDQWHODFXDOHVSHUDQSRGHU GHVHPEDUD]DUVHGHODYLROHQFLD(VWRUHTXLHUHP HGLWDFLyQSURIXQGD
QR WDQVyORXQDFXHUGRYHUEDO-DP iV HVFXFKDPRV QDGDQXHVW UDV PHQWHV QXHVWUDVFpOXODVFHUHEUDOHVHVWiQ GH WDO
PRGRFRQGLFLRQDGDVDXQDLGHRORJtDDFHUFDGHODYLROHQFLDTXHMDP iVPLUDPRVel hechoGHODYLROHQFLD0LUDP RV
HOKHFKRDWUDYpVGHXQDLGHRORJtD\ HOPLUDUORDWUDYpVGHXQDLGHRORJtDFUHDXQLQWHUYDOR GHWLHPSR<FXDQGR
DGPLWLPRVHOWLHPSRQRKD\XQILQDOSDUDODYLROHQFLDVHJXLPRVH[KLELHQGRYLROHQFLD\SUHGLFDQGRQRYLROHQFLD

'(-81,22&.92/;9,,


La principal causa de violencia

/DSULQFLSDOFDXVDGHYLROHQFLDDP tHQWHQGHUHVTXHFDGDXQRGHQRVRWURVLQWHUQDP HQWHSVLFROyJLFDPHQWH
EXVFDODVHJXULGDG(QFDGDXQRGHQRVRWURV HOLPSXOVRSRUODVHJXULGDGSVLFROyJLFDHVDVHQVDFLyQLQWHUQDGHHVWDU
DVDOYRVHSUR\ HFWDHQODH[LJHQFLDGH VHJXULGDGH[WHUQD,QWHUQDPHQWHFDGDXQRGHQRVRWURVTXLHUHHVWDUVHJXUR
WHQHUFHUWLGXPEUHDFHUFDGHWRGR3RUHVRWHQHP RVWRGDVHVWDVOH\ HVPDWULPRQLDOHVDILQGHTXHSRGDPRVSRVHHUD
XQDPXMHURDXQKRPEUH\GHHVHP RGRSRGHUVHQWLUQRVVHJXURVHQQXHVWUDUHODFLyQ6LHVDUHODFLyQHVDWDFDGD
QRV YROYHPRV YLROHQWRVWDOYLROHQFLDWLHQHRULJHQHQOD  H[LJHQFLDSVLFROyJLFDLQWHUQDGHVHQWLUQRV VHJXURV HQ
QXHVWUDV UHODFLRQHVFRQWRGR3HURHQQLQJXQD UHODFLyQ KD\ WDOFRVDFRP R ODFHUWLGXP EUH ODVHJXULGDG
,QWHUQDPHQWHSVLFROyJLFDPHQWHQRVJXVWDUtDHVWDUVHJXURVSHURODVHJXULGDGSHUPDQHQWHQRH[LVWH>@
7RGDVpVWDVVRQSXHVFDXVDVTXHFRQWULEX\ HQDODYLROHQFLDWDQJHQHUDOL]DGDHLQPDQHMDEOHHQWRGRHOPXQGR
3LHQVR TXHWRGRDTXHOTXHKD\ D REVHUYDGR DXQTXHVHDXQSRFRORTXHHVWi VXFHGLHQGR HQ HO PXQGR \
HVSHFLDOPHQWHHQHVWHLQIRUWXQDGRSDtV> ,QGLD@WDPELpQSXHGHVLQXQJUDQHVWXGLRLQWHOHFWXDO REVHUYDU\GHVFXEULU
HQ VtP LVPR HVDVFRVDVTXHSUR\ HFWDGDV H[WHULRUPHQWH VRQ ODV FDXVDV GHHVWDEUXWDOLGDG  H[WUDRUGLQDULDGHHVWD
LQVHQVLELOLGDGGHHVWDLQGLIHUHQFLD\YLROHQFLDTXHQRVURGHDQ

'(-81,22&.9RO;9,,


El hecho es que solanos violentos

7RGRVYHPRVODLPSRUWDQFLDGHTXH ODYLROHQFLDOOHJXHDVXILQ<¢GHTXpP RGRSXHGR\RFRPRLQGLYLGXR
HVWDUOLEUHGHODYLROHQFLDQRVyORVXSHUILFLDOP HQWHVLQRLQWHUQDPHQWH\GHPDQHUDWRWDOFRPSOHWD"6LHOLGHDOGH
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'(-81722&.9RO,,,


Usted se convierte en aquello mismo contra lo que combate

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'(-81,22&.9RO,,,


-8/,2

La felicidad
La pesadumbre
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¿Felicidad o satisfacción?

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 '(-8/,2/38


Uno debe ir muy a lo profundo para conocer el júbilo

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'(-8/,22&.9RO9,,,


No podemos perseguir la felicidad

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'(-8/,22&.9RO9,,


La felicidad no es sensación

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'(-8/,2&696HULH,

 
¿Puede la felicidad hallarse por medio de alguna cosa?

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 '(-8/,22&.9RO,9


La felicidad que no es de la mente

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'(-8/,22&.9RO9,,,


Comprender el sufrimiento

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'(-8/,22&.9RO9,,


El sufrimiento es sufrimiento, no es «suyo» ni «mío»

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'(-8/,22&.9RO;9


Sensibilidad al sufrimiento

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'(-8/,22&.9RO9


Adquirir creencias para evitar el dolor

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'(-8/,2/38


Comprensión integrada

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'(-8/,22&.9RO9,


Usted es el sufrimiento

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esHOFHQWUR9LYLPRVWDQVyORGHSDODEUDHQSDODEUDGHUHDFFLyQHQUHDFFLyQ

'(-8/,2/38


¿Es esencial el sufrimiento?

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'(-8/,22&.9RO;,,


Dolor consciente y dolor inconsciente

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'(-8/,22&.9RO;9


Lastimar sentimientos

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  '(-8/,22&.9RO,


La imagen propia resulta en dolor

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'(-8/,22&.9RO;,,


Placer pervertido

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'(-8/,23'(


La verdadera educación

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'(-8/,22&.9RO9,,,


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'(-8/,22&.9RO,,,


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'(-8/,22&.9RO9,,


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'(-8/,22&.9RO,,


La naturaleza de la trampa

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'(-8,&2&696HULH,,,


La terminación del dolor

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 '(-8/,22&.9RO;,


Enfrentarse al dolor

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'(-8/,22&.9RO;,,,


Eludiendo dolor

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'(-8/,22&.9RO;,,,


Seguir el curso del sufrimiento

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'(-8/,2/'8


Comprensión espontánea

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'(-8/,2/38


El centro del sufrimiento

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'(-8/,22&.9R\;,,


Una inmensidad más allá de toda medida

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HVHPXQGRVLQRKD\XQDWHUPLQDFLyQWRWDOGHOGRORU

'%-8/,22&.9RO;,,,


Vivir con el dolor

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SRQHILQDOGRORU/DWHUP LQDFLyQGHOGRORUHP SLH]DFXDQGRQRVHQGHQWDPRVDORVKHFKRVSVLFROyJLFRVTXHWLHQHQ
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GRORU

'(-8/,22&.9RO;,,,


Estar en comunión con el dolor

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'(-8/,22&.9RO9,


$*2672

La verdad
La realidad
El observador y lo observado
«Lo que es»


Corazón lleno, mente vacía

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DKt WDQ V~ELWDFRP R ODOX]GHOVROWDQSXUDFRP R ODQRF KH 3HURSDUDUHFLELUODHOFRUD]yQGHEHHVWDUOOHQR\  OD
PHQWHYDFtD$KRUDWLHQHXVWHGODPHQWHOOHQD\VXFRUD]yQHVWiYDFtR

'($*26722&.9RO9


La verdad es un estado del ser

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TXHVHGLVFLSOLQDDILQGHORJUDUXQREMHWLYRHVDP HQWHQRSXHGHFRQRFHUODYHUGDGSRUTXHHOREMHWLYRHVVXSURSLD
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'($*26722&.9RO9,


La verdad no tiene lugar permanente

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HQWUHODPHQWH\HOKHFKRVRQHOLP LQDGDV(OKHFKRHVODUHODFLyQTXHWLHQHXVWHGFRQOD SURSLHGDGFRQVXHVSRVD
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UHSULPLHQGRVXVWLWX\HQGRPLHQWUDVVHDDPELFLRVRQRSXHGHFRQRFHUODYHUGDG
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QRHVFRQWLQXDQRWLHQHOXJDUSHUP DQHQWHSXHGHVHUYLVWDVy ORGHLQVWDQWHHQLQVWDQWH(VVLHP SUHQXHYDSRUOR
WDQWR HVLQWHP SRUDO /RTXHIXHYHUGDGD\ HU QRHV YHUGDG KR\ ORTXHHVYHUGDGKD\  QRHVYHUGDGP DxDQD /D
YHUGDGQRWLHQHFRQWLQXLGDG/DP HQWHHVODTXHGHVHDKDFHU FRQWLQXDODH[SHULHQFLDTXH HOODOODPDYHUGDG\XQD
PHQWHDVtQRFRQRFHUiODYHUGDGTXHHV VLHPSUHQXHYDTXHHVWiHQYHUODP LVPDVRQULVD\YHUHVDVRQULVDGHXQ
PRGR QXHYRHQYHUODP LVPD SHUVRQD\  YHUODGH XQ PRGR QXHYRHQYHUGHXQP RGR QXHYRODV SDOPHUDV
RQGXODQWHVODYHUGDGHVWiHQHQIUHQWDUVHGHXQPRGRQXHYRDODYLGD

 '($*26722&.9RO9,


No hay guía hacia la verdad

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HQFRQWUDUDOJRXQRGHEHVDEHUTXpHVWiEXVFDQGR6LXVWHGSURFXUDHQFRQWUDUORTXHHQFXHQWUHVHUiXQDSUR\HFFLyQ
GHVtPLVPRVHUiORTXHXVWHGGHVHD\ ORTXHFUHDHOGHVHRQRHVODYHUGDG,UHQEXVFDGHODYHUGDGHVQHJDUOD/D
YHUGDGQRWLHQHPRUDGDILMDQRKD\VHQGHURQLJXtDTXH FRQGX]FDQKDFLDHOOD\ODSDODEUDYHUGDGQRHVODYHUGDG
¢3XHGHODYHUGDGVHUKDOODGDHQXQP HGLRSDUWLFXODUHQXQFOLPDHVSHFLDOHQWUHGHWHUPLQDGDVSHUVRQDV"¢(VWiDTXt
\QRDOOi"¢(VWDOSHUVRQDODTXHQRV JXtDKDFLDODYHUGDG\QRRWUD"¢([LVWHDFDVRJXtDDOJXQD"&XDQGRODYHUGDG
HV EXVFDGDORTXHHQFRQWUDP RV VyORSXHGHSURYHQLUGH OD LJQRUDQFLD SRUTXH OD E~VTXHGDP LVPD QDFHGHOD
LJQRUDQFLD8QRQRSXHGHEXVFDUODUHDOLGDG©XQRªGHEHFHVDUSDUDTXHODUHDOLGDGVHD

'($*2672&696HUWH,


La verdad se encuentra de instante en instante

/DYHUGDGQRSXHGHVHUDFXP XODGD/RTXHVHDFXPXODHVVLHPSUHGHVWUXLGRVHPDUFKLWD/DYHUGDGQRSXHGH
PDUFKLWDUVHMDPiVSRUTXHVyORSRGHPRVGDUFRQHOODGHLQVWDQWHHQLQVWDQWHHQFDGDSHQVDPLHQWRHQFDGDUHODFLyQ
HQFDGDSDODEUDHQFDGDJHVWRHQXQDVRQULVDHQO DVOiJULPDV<VLXVWHG\ \RSRGHPRVHQFRQWUDUHVDYHUGDG\
YLYLUOD HOYLYLUODP LVPR HVHOHQFRQWUDUODHQWRQ FHV QR QRV YROYHUHPRV SURSDJDQGLVWDVVHUHP RV VHUHVKXP DQRV
FUHDWLYRVQRVHUHVKXPDQRV©SHUIHFWRVªVLQRVHUHVKXPDQRVFUHDWLYRVORFXDOHVLQPHQVDPHQWHGLVWLQWR

 '($*26722&.9RO9,,


El verdadero revolucionario

/DYHUGDGQRHVSDUDDTXHOORVTXHVRQUHVSHWDEOHVQL SDUDDTXHOORVTXHGHVHHQVXSURSLDH[SDQVLyQVXSURSLD
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SHURORSHUPDQHQWHTXHEXVFDQQRHVORUHDO\ DTXHHV SURGXFWRGHVXSHQVDP LHQWR3RUORWDQWRHOKRP EUHTXH
TXLHUDGHVFXEULUODUHDOLGDGGHEHGHMDUGHEXVFDUORFXDO QRTXLHUHGHFLUTXHGHEDFRQWHQWDUVHFRQORTXHHV3RUHO
FRQWUDULR XQKRP EUH HPSHxDGR HQ HO GHVFXEULPLHQWR GH OD YHUGDGGHEHVHULQWHUQDP HQWH XQUHYROXFLRQDULR
FRPSOHWR 1RSXHGHSHUWHQHFHUDQLQJXQDFODVHVRFLDODQLQJXQDQDFLyQDQLQJ~QJUXSRDQLQJXQD LGHRORJtD R
UHOLJLyQRUJDQL]DGDSRUTXHODYHUGDGQRVHHQFXHQWUDHQHO WHPSORQLHQODLJOHVLDQR SXHGHKDOOiUVHODHQODVFRVDV
KHFKDVSRUODPDQRRSRUODPHQWH/DYHUGDGVHPDQLILHVWDVyORFXDQGRODVFRVDVGHODP DQRRGHODP HQWHVRQ
SXHVWDVDXQODGR\ SRQHUDXQODGRODVFRVDVGHODP DQRRGHODPHQWHQRHVXQDFXHVWLyQGHWLHP SR/DYHUGDG
OOHJDDTXLHQHVWiOLEUHGHOWLHPSRDTXLHQQRXVDHOWLHPSRFRPRXQPHGLRGHH[SDQVLyQSURSLD(OWLHPSRLPSOLFD
PHPRULDGHOD\HUPHPRULDGHPLIDPLOLDGHPLUD]DGHPLFDUiFWHUSDUWLFXODUGHODDFXP XODFLyQGHH[SHULHQFLDV
SURSLDVTXHFRPSRQHQHO©\Rª\©ORPtRª

'($*26722&.9RO9


Ver la verdad en lo falso

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HPRFLRQDO\VXVLQWHUHVHVFUHDGRVQRVFRQGXFHDODH[SORWDFL yQ\SRQHDOKRPEUHFRQWUDHOKRPEUHSHURRWUDFRVD
HVTXHOLEHUHDVXP HQWHGHODPH]TXLQGDGGHOQDFLRQDOLVPR(VWDUOLEUHQRVyORGHOQDFLRQDOLVP RVLQRGHWRGDVODV
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PXQGRQXHYRQRORKDUiQORVSROtWLFRVTXHVRQVHUHVKXPDQRVPXHUWRVQLORVVDFHUGRWHVDWUDSDGRVHQVXVSURSLRV
VLVWHPDVUHOLJLRVRV
'HPRGRTXHDIRUWXQDGDRGHVDIRUWXQD GDPHQWHSDUDXVWHGKDRtGRDOJRTXHHVYHUGDGHURVLVHOLP LWDDRtU\
QR VHVLHQWHDFWLYDP HQWH SHUWXUEDGRGHWDOP DQHUD TXH VX PHQWH FRPLHQFH DOLEHUDUVHGHWRGDVODVFRVDVTXHOD
WRUQDQHVWUHFKD\GHVKRQHVWDHQWRQFHVODYHUGDGTXHKDRtGRVHFRQYHUWLUiHQXQYHQHQR1RKD\GXGDODYHUGDGVH
FRQYLHUWHHQXQYHQHQRVLODRtP RV\QRDFW~DHQODP HQWHRFXUUHORPLVPRTXHFRQODVXSXUDFLyQGHXQDKHULGD
3HURGHVFXEULUSRUXQRPLVPRTXpHVYHUGDGHUR\TXpHVIDOVR\YHUODYHUGDGHQORIDOVRHVSHUPLWLUTXHODYHUGDG
RSHUH\JHQHUHVXSURSLDDFFLyQ

 '($*26722&.9RO;,


Comprender lo real

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'($*2672&699RO,,,


La interpretación de los hechos impide el ver

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'($*26722&.9RO;,,


Hay tan sólo un hecho: la impermanencia

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'($*2672&696HULH,,,


Anhelamos lo incognoscible

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 '($*2672/38


¿Es el sufrimiento tan sólo una palabra o es una realidad?

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 '($*2672/38


Usted y la nada son una sola cosa

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'($*2672&696HULH,


Cómo terminamos con el miedo?

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'($*26722&.9RO;9,


La dualidad del pensador y el pensamiento

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'($*26722&.9RO;9,


El pensamiento crea al pensador

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'($*2672&696HULH,,


Un muro de inexpugnable pensamiento

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'($*2672&696HULH,,


Cuando el observador es lo observado

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'($*26722&.9RO;9,


¿Hay un observador observando la soledad?

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'($*26722&.9RO,;


La verdad no se acumula

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Acción inmediata

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 '($*26722&.9RO;9,


La realidad está en «lo que es»

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'($*2672/38


Enfrentarse al hecho

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PLVPR GHEHHP SUHQGHU XQYLDMHKDFLpQGROR FRPSOHWDPHQWH GHVQXGRHQHVSHFLDOGHFRQRFLP LHQWRV SRUTXHHV
PX\IiFLOH[SHULPHQWDUJUDFLDVDODFUHHQFLD\ DOFRQRFLPLHQWRSHURHVWDVH[SHULHQFLDVQRVRQVLQRORVSURGXFWRV
GHQXHVWUDSURSLDSUR\HFFLyQ\SRUORWDQWRVRQFRPSOHWDPHQWHIDOVDVLUUHDOHV

'(6(37,(0%5(/38


El conocimiento no es sabiduría

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/D LQIRUPDFLyQ HOFRQRFLP LHQWR GHORVKHFKRVDXQTXH  DXPHQWH GHP DQHUD FRQVWDQWHHVSRU VX SURSLD
QDWXUDOH]D OLPLWDGR /DVDELGXUtDHVLQILQLWDLQFOX\ H HO FRQRFLPLHQWR \ HOP RGR GHDFWXDUSHURQRVRWURVQRV
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IUDJPHQWRXQDSDUWH
+HPRV FUHDGRXQDVHSDUDFLyQHQWUHHOLQWHOHFWR\  HOVHQWLP LHQWR GHVDUUROODQGRHOSULP HUR D H[SHQVDV GHO
VHJXQGR 6RPRV FRPR XQREMHWRGHWUHVSDWDVFRQXQDSDWD PXFKR PiV ODUJDTXHODVRWUDVQRVIDOWD HTXLOLEULR
(VWDPRV DGLHVWUDGRVSDUDVHULQWHOHFWXDOHVQXHVWUD HGXFDFLyQ FXOWLYDHOLQWHOHFWRSDUD TXH VHD DJXGR DVWXWR
DGTXLVLWLYR\DVtHVFRPRMXHJDHOSDSHOPiVLPSRUWDQWHHQQXHVWUDYLGD
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VyOR SXHGHKDEHULQWHOLJHQFLDFXDQGR KD\ FRQRFLPLHQWR SURSLRSURIXQGD FRPSUHQVLyQ GHOWRWDOSURFHVRGHXQR
PLVPR

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La función del intelecto

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IRUPDGHFRQFOXVLyQFRQODTXHQRVFRP SURPHWHPRV9DPRVGHXQFRP SURPLVRDRWUR\ \RGLJRTXHXQDP HQWH
DVtXQLQWHOHFWRDVtSRUVHUHVFODYRGHXQDFRQFOXVLyQKDFHVDGRGHUHIOH[LRQDUGHLQTXLULU

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Ser un extraño

0HSUHJXQWRVLKDREVHUYDGRHOSDSHOH QRUPHTXHHOLQWHOHFWRMXHJDHQQXHVWUDYLGD/RVGLDULRVODVUHYLVWDV
WRGR FXDQWRQRVURGHDFXOWLYDODUD]yQ1R HV TXH \R HVWp FRQWUD ODUD]yQ3RUHOF RQWUDULR GHEHPRV WHQHUOD
FDSDFLGDG GH UD]RQDUP X\ FODUD\  DJXGDPHQWH 3HURVL  XVWHGREVHUYDHQFRQWUDUiTXHHOLQWHOHFWRHVWi
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UHVSHFWRDHVWHPXQGRSDUDHQFRQWUDUODUHDOLGDGHWF+HPRVDSUHQGLGRHOSURFHVRGHDXWRDQDOL]DUQRV(VWiSXHVHO
LQWHOHFWRFRQVXFDSDFLGDGGHLQTXLULUDQDOL]DU UD]RQDU\OOHJDUDFRQFOXVLRQHV\ HVWiHOVHQWLUHOSXURVHQWLUTXH
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EDVDGDHQORVDJUDGRV\ GHVDJUDGRVHQ VXFRQGLFLRQDPLHQWRHQVXVH[SHULHQ FLDV\FRQRFLPLHQWRV\SRUODRWUD
WHQHPRVHOVHQWLUFRUURP SLGRSRUODVRFLHGDG SRUHOPLHGR¢5HYHODUiQDPERVHOLQWHOHFWR\ HOVHQWLUTXpHVOR
YHUGDGHUR"¢2VyORH[LVWHODSHUFHSFLyQ\QDGDPiV"

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Una mente que está aprendiendo

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HQ ODSUiFWLFD6XDSUHQGHUHV DFXPXODWLYR DGLWLYR $KRUD ELHQFXDQGRODP HQWH QRKDFHVLQRWRP DU DGTXLULU
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PHFiQLFR \ XQDP HQWH TXHIXQFLRQDGHP DQHUD PHFiQLFD LJXDO TXH XQDP iTXLQD HVLQFDSD]GHDSUHQGHU8QD
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DJUHJDUOHPiVFRQRFLPLHQWRV(VRQRHVDSUHQGHUHQDEVROX WRHVXQSURFHVRSXUDPHQWHPHFiQLFR&RPRGLMHSDUD
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(ODSUHQGHUMDPiVHVDFXPXODWLYRHVXQPRYLPLHQWRGHFRQRFHUTXHQRWLHQHSULQFLSLR\QRWLHQHILQ

 '(6(37,(0%5(2&.9RO;,


El conocimiento asume la autoridad

1R KD\ PRYLPLHQWR GHODSUHQGHUFXDQGRH[LVWH OD DGTXLVLFLyQGHFRQRFLP LHQWRV DPEDV FRVDVVRQ
LQFRPSDWLEOHV FRQWUDGLFWRULDV(OP RYLPLHQWR GHO DSUHQGHU LPSOLFD XQHVWDGRHQHOTXHODP HQWH FDUHFHGH
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XQ PRYLPLHQWR FRQVWDQWHTXHQRFRQVWLWX\ H XQSURFHVRDGLWL YR RDGTXLVLWLYRSRUORWDQWR HO PRYLPLHQWR GHO
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XQDPHQWHDWULQFKHUDGDHQODDXWRULGDGGHOFRQRFLPLHQWRQRSXHGHDSUHQGHU/DPHQWHSXHGHDSUHQGHUVyORFXDQGR
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El cerebro origina la mente

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PHQWHREVHUYHODVPRGDOLGDGHVGHVXSURSLRSHQVDP LHQWR/RTXH\RGHVFULERHVWDQVyORXQDLQGLFDFLyQQRHVOD
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La mente anclada

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HVSHUDQ]D\ODPXHUWH

'(6(37,(0%5(&696HUWH,,


La mente es el resultado del tiempo

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Vivir es la mayor revolución

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La revolución interior

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'(6(37,(0%5(2&.9RO9,,,


Sólo existe la conciencia

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IXQFLRQDQGRHQWUHHOSDVDGR\HOIXWXUR\TXHHOSUHVHQWHHVWDQVyORXQSDVDMHGHOSDVDGRKDFLDHOIXWXUR>@
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La mente parlanchina

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El conocimiento desvía a la mente

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Una mente joven

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Descarte todos los métodos

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Una mente sin ancla ni fondeadero

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Activo pero quieto

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'(2&78%5(2&.9RO;9,


Sólo en esa quietud hay comprensión

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Nuestra responsabilidad

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Si la mente se encuentra ocupada

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El conocimiento es perjudicial para el cambio

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El completo vacío

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El cambio premeditado reo es cambio en absoluto

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Fuera del campo del pensamiento

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¿Puede un ser humano cambiar?

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La transformación sin motivo

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Una resolución psicológica

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129,(0%5(

El vivir
El morir
El renacimiento
El amor


Romper los hábitos

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Vivir las cuatro estaciones en un día

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Creatividad Armónica

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Técnicas vacías

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Saber cuándo no cooperar

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¿Por qué hay crimen?

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'(129,(0%5(2&.9RO;


El propósito de la vida

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Vivir en este mundo anónimamente

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'(129,(0%5(3'(


Tan sólo una hora de vida

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Morir cada día

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Percibir el estado de muerte

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¿Miedo a la muerte?

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Tengo miedo

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Sólo aquello que muere puede renovarse

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Morir sin argumento alguno

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En la muerte está la inmortalidad

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La reencarnación es esencialmente egoísta

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¿Qué es la reencarnación?

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¿Existe una cosa como el alma?

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¿Qué entendemos por karma?

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HQHONDUPD(VRHVWiDEVROXWDPHQWHIXHUDGHOXJDU

 '(129,(0%5(2&.9RO9,


La acción basada en la idea

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DFFLyQ VHEDVHHQOD LGHD SURGXFLUi LQHYLWDEOHPHQWH PiV FRQIOLFWR&RP R GLFH¢SXHGHKDEHUXQDDFFLyQQR
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WDQWRODDFFLyQVHDXQDFRQVHFXHQFLDGHO SDVDGRMDPiVSXHGHVHUOLEUH\ VyORHQOLEHUWDGSXHGHXQRGHVFXEULUOR
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HVWDUOLEUHGHVXFRQGLFLRQDPLHQWR"

 '(129,(0%5(2&.9RO9,


El amor no es placer

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GLIHUHQWH <SDUDFRP SUHQGHU HOSODFHUFRP R GLMLPRV XQR WLHQH TXH DSUHQGHUDOUHVSHFWR$KRUDELHQSDUDOD
PD\RUtDGHQRVRWURVSDUDFDGDVHUKXP DQRHOVH[RHV XQSUREOHPD¢3RUTXp"(VFXFKHHVWRPX\FXLGDGRVDPHQWH
'HELGRDTXHQRSXHGHXVWHGUHVROYHUHOSUREOHP DHVFDSDGHpO(OVDQ\ DVLHVFDSDWRPDQGRXQYRWRGHFHOLEDWR
QHJDQGRHOVH[R3RUIDYRUYHDORTXHOHRFXUUHDXQDP HQWHVHPHMDQWH$OQHJDUDOJRTXHIRUPDSDUWHGHWRGDVX
HVWUXFWXUD ODV JOiQGXODV HWF DOUHSULP LUOR VHKDYXHOWR XVWHG iYLGR\  HQVXLQWHULRUVHGHVDUUROODXQDEDWDOOD
FRQVWDQWH
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HVFDSDPRVGHpO(QUHDOLGDGUHSULP LUORHVORPLVPRTXHHVFDSDUGHpO<GLVSRQHP RVGHWRGDXQDUHGGHHVFDSHV
PX\LQWULQFDGDLQWHOHFWXDOHPRFLRQDO\WDPELpQODGHODFRP~QDFWLYLGDGFRWLGLDQD+D\YDULDVIRUPDVGHHVFDSHV
TXHQRH[DPLQDUHPRVSRUHOP RPHQWR3HURWHQHPRVHVWHSUREOHPDGHOVH[R(OVDQ\DVLHVFDSDGHpODVXPRGR
SHURQRORKDUHVXHOWRORKDUHSULP LGRWRPDQGRXQYRWR\WRGRHOSUREOHPDKLHUYHHQVXLQWHULRU3XHGHSRQHUVHOD
W~QLFDH[WHULRUGHODVHQFLOOH]SHURHVWRWDP ELpQVHYXHOYHSDUDpOXQSUREOHPDH[WUDRUGLQDULRWDOFRPRORHVSDUD
HOKRPEUHTXHYLYHXQDYLGDFRUULHQWH¢&yPRUHVXHOYHXVWHGHVHSUREOHPD"

'(129,(0%5(2&.9RO;9


El amor no se cultiva

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XVWHGDPHDXQDVRODSHUVRQDRDP XFKDV(VDEVXUGRSUHJXQWDU©¢$PDXVWHGDWRGRV"ª9HDDXQDIORU TXHWLHQH
SHUIXPHQROHSUHRFXSDTXLpQYLHQHDDVSLUDUORRTXLpQOD GHVGHxD$VtHVHODP RU(ODPRUQRHVXQUHFXHUGR1R
HV FRVDGHODP HQWH RGHO LQWHOHFWR $GYLHQH QDWXUDOPHQWH FRPR ODFRP SDVLyQ FXDQGRWRGRHVWHSUREOHP D GHOD
H[LVWHQFLD PLHGR FRGLFLDHQYLGLDGHVHVSHUDFLyQ HVSHUDQ]D KDVLGRFRP SUHQGLGR \ UHVXHOWR 8Q KRPEUH
DPELFLRVRQRSXHGHDPDU8QKRPEUHDSHJDGRDVXIDP LOLDQRDPD7DPSRFRORVFHORVWLHQHQDOJRTXHYHUFRQHO
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HVWiFHORVRGHHOOD
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ORTXHKLFLHUHLUWUDVWRGRVORVGLRVHVGHOD7LHUUDGHVD UUROODUWRGDVODVDFWLYLGDGHVVRFLDO HVWUDWDUGH UHIRUPDUOD
SREUH]DGHGLFDUVHDODSROtWLFDHVFULELUOLEURVSRHP DVHWFDXQTXHKDJDWRGRHVRHVXQVHUKXP DQRPXHUWR6LQ
DPRU ORV SUREOHPDV DXPHQWDUiQ VHPXOWLSOLFDUiQ LQWHUPLQDEOHPHQWH <FRQDP RU KDJDXVWHGORTXHKLFLHUHQR
KD\ULHVJRDOJXQRQRKD\ FRQIOLFWR(ODP RU HVHQWRQFHV ODHVHQFLDGHODYLUWXG8QDP HQWHTXHQRVHKDOODHQ
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EHOOH]DGHODPRU\ODYHUGDG

'(129,(0%5(2&.9RO;9


Amor sin incentivo

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GHODPRU"¢3XHGHKDEHUDPRUVLQTXHXQRVHVLHQWDODVWLPDGRFXDQGRHODPRUQRHVUHWULEXLGR"6L\ RWHRIUH]FRPL
DPLVWDG \ W~ODUHFKD]DV¢QR PH VLHQWR ODVWLPDGR" (VH VHQWLUVH ODVWLPDGR ¢HVHOUHVXOWDGRGHODDP LVWDG GHOD
JHQHURVLGDG GHODVLP SDWtD" &LHUWDPHQWH HQ WDQWR PH VLHQWD ODVWLPDGR HQWDQWRKD\ D WHPRU HQWDQWRWHD\ XGH
HVSHUDQGRTXHW~SXHGDVD\XGDUPHDORFXDOOODPDQVHUYLFLRQRKD\DPRU
6LFRPSUHQGHVHVWRODUHVSXHVWDHVWiDKt

'(129,(0%5($'9


El amor es peligroso

¢&yPRSXHGHHOKRPEUHYLYLUVLQDPRU"6yORSRGHPRVH[LVWLU\ODH[LVWHQFLDVLQDPRUHVFRQWUROFRQIXVLyQ\
GRORU\HVRHVORTXHFDVL WRGRVHVWDPRVJHQHUDQGR1RVRUJDQL]DPRVSDUDODH[LVWHQFLD\ DFHSWDPRVHOFRQIOLFWR
FRPRLQHYLWDEOHSRUTXHQXHVWUDH[LVWH QFLDHVXQFRQVWDQWHUHTXHULP LHQWRGHSRGHU3RUFLHUWRFXDQGRDP DPRVOD
RUJDQL]DFLyQ WLHQH VX SURSLR OXJDUVXOXJDUH[DFWRSH UR VLQDPRU ODRUJDQL]DFLyQVHYXHOYHXQDSHVDGLOODDOJR
PHUDPHQWHPHFiQLFR\HILFLHQWHFRPRHOHMpUFLWRSHURFR PRODVRFLHGDGP RGHUQDVHEDVDHQODP HUDHILFLHQFLD
QHFHVLWDPRVHMpUFLWRV\HOSURSyVLWRGHXQHMpUFLWR HVFUHDUJXHUUD$XQHQWLHP SRVGHODDVtOODP DGDSD]FXDQWR
PiV HILFLHQWHV VRPRV HQ ORLQWHOHFWXDOWDQWRP iV FUXHOHV PiV EUXWDOHVHLQVHQVLEOHVQRVYROYHP RV 3RUHVRKD\ 
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YROYLHQGRWRWDOLWDULRV1RVVRPHWHPRVDWRGRHVWRFRP RDDOJRLQHYLWDEOHSRUTXHYLYLPRVFRQQXHVWURVFHUHEURV\ 
QRFRQQXHVWURVFRUD]RQHVHQFRQVHFXHQFLDHODPRUQRH[LVWH(ODPRUHVHOHOHPHQWRPiVSHOLJURVRHLQFLHUWRTXH
KD\HQODYLGD\GHELGRDTXHQRTXHUHP RVODLQFHUWLGXPEUHSRUTXHQRTXHUHPRVVHQWLUQRVHQSHOLJURYLYLPRVHQ
HOUHLQRGHODP HQWH8QKRPEUHTXHDPDHVWiHQSHOLJUR\QRVRWURVQRGHVHDPRVYLYLUSHOLJURVDPHQWHGHVHDPRV
YLYLUHILFLHQWHPHQWHYLYLUWDQVyORGHQWURGHOVLVWHP DGHODRUJDQL]DFLyQSRUTXHSHQVDP RVTXHODVRUJDQL]DFLRQHV
YDQ DSURGXFLURUGHQ\ SD]HQHOP XQGR/DVRUJDQL]DFLRQ HVMDPiVKDQSURGXFLGRRUGHQ\ SD]6yORHODP RUOD
EXHQDYROXQWDGODSLHGDGSXHGHQWUDHUILQDOPHQWH\SRUORWDQWRDKRUDRUGHQ\SD]

'(129,(0%5(2&.9RO9


¿Cuál es tu reacción?

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DOGHDMXHJDQHQHOEDUURVLQWHQHUFDVLQLQJXQDRWUDFRVDFRQTXHMXJDUHVRVQLxRVTXHQRUHFLELUiQODHGXFDFLyQTXH
XVWHGHV UHFLEHQTXHQRWLHQHQXQDFDVDGL JQD GRQGHYLYLUQLOLP SLH]D QL URSD VXILFLHQWH QL FRPLGD DGHFXDGD
FXDQGRREVHUYDVWRGRHVR¢FXiOHV WXUHDFFLyQ"(VPX\LPSRUWDQWHTXHGHVFXEUDVSRUWLPLVPRFXiOHVWXUHDFFLyQ
7HGLUpFXiOIXHODPtD
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GtD VLQWHQHUQXQFDXQSHULRGRGHYDFDFLRQHVORV QLxRV QR FRQRFHQMDP iV ORTXHHVVHUDP DGRV FXLGDGRVORV
SDGUHVQXQFDVHVLHQWDQFRQHOORV\ OHVFXHQWDQKLVWRULDVDFHUFDGHODEHOOH]DGHOD7LHUUD\ GHORVFLHORV<¢TXp
FODVHGHVRFLHGDGHVODTXHKDQSURGXFLGRHVWDVFLUFXQVWDQFLDV"8QDVRFLHGDGHQODTXHKD\SHUVRQDVLQPHQVDPHQWH
ULFDVTXHWLHQHQWRGRORTXHDQKHODQHQ OD7LHUUD\GRQGHDOPLVPRWLHPSRKD\FKLFRV\FKLFDVTXHQRWLHQHQQDGD
¢4XpFODVHGHVRFLHGDGHVpVWD\ FyPRVHKDRULJLQDGR"8VWHGHVSRGUiQKDFHUUHYROXFLRQHVURP SHUHOSDWUyQGH
HVWDVRFLHGDGSHURHQODUXSWXUDP LVPDGHHVHSDWUyQKD QDFLGRXQRQXHYRTXHHVRWUDYH]ODP LVPDFRVDHQXQD
IRUPDGLVWLQWDORVFRP LVDULRVSROtWLFRVFRQVXVFDVDVHVSHFLDOHVHQHOFDP SRORVSULYLOHJLRVORVXQLIRUPHV\DVt
VXFHVLYDPHQWH(VWRKDRFXUULGRGHVSXpVGHWRGDVODVUHYROXFLRQHVODIUDQFHVDODUXVDODFKLQD<¢HVSRVLEOHFUHDU
XQDVRFLHGDGHQODTXHQRH[LVWDQWRGDHVWDFRUUXSFLyQ \HVWDGHVGLFKD"3RGUiFUHDUVHVyORFXDQGRW~ \\RFRPR
LQGLYLGXRVURPSDPRVFRQORFROHFWLYRFXDQGRHVWHPRVOLEUHVGHDPELFLyQ\VHSDPRVTXpVLJQLILFDDPDUeVDIXH
HQXQGHVWHOORWRGDPLUHDFFLyQ

'(129,(0%5(3'(


La compasión es del presente activo

(OSHQVDPLHQWRQRSXHGHSRUQLQJ~Q PHGLRFXOWLYDUODFRPSDVLyQ1RXVRODSDODEUDFRP SDVLyQSDUDLQGLFDU
ORRSXHVWRODDQWtWHVLVGHORGLRRODYLROHQFLD3HUR DPHQRVTXHFDGDXQRGHQRVRWURVWHQJDXQVHQWLGRSURIXQGR
GHFRPSDVLyQQRVYROYHUHPRVPiV\PiVEUXWDOHVLQKXPDQRVHOXQRSDUDHORWUR7HQGUHP RVPHQWHVPHFiQLFDV
PHQWHV FRPR FRPSXWDGRUDV DGLHVWUDGDVWDQVyORSDUD FXPSOLU GHWHUPLQDGDV IXQFLRQHVFRQWLQXDUHP RV EXVFDQGR
VHJXULGDGWDQWRItVLFDFRPRSVLFROyJLFD\GHVSHUGLFLDUHPRVODH[WUDRUGLQDULDSURIXQGLGDG\EHOOH]DHOVLJQLILFDGR
tQWHJURGHODYLGD
1RHQWLHQGRSRUFRPSDVLyQXQDFRVDTXHSXHGDDGTXLULUVH /DFRPSDVLyQQRHVODSDODEUDpVWDHVP HUDPHQWH
GHOSDVDGRVLQRTXHHVDOJRGHOSUHVHQWHDFWLYRHVODDFFLyQ \QRODSDODEUDHOQRP EUHHOVXVWDQWLYR+D\ XQD
GLIHUHQFLDHQWUHODDFFLyQ\ ODSDODEUD/DDFFLyQHVGHO SUHVHQWHPLHQWUDVTXHODSDODEUDHVVLHP SUHGHOSDVDGR\
SRUORWDQWRHVHVWiWLFD8QRSXHGHDWULEXLUYLWDOLGDGRP RYLPLHQWRDOQRPEUHDODSDODEUDSHURQRHVORP LVPR
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SXHGD FXOWLYDUSRUP HGLR GHOSHQVDP LHQWR GHODGLVFLSOLQ D GHO FRQWURO GH ODUHSUHVLyQQLVLHQGRXQRDP DEOH
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 '(129,(0%5(2&.9RO;,,,


Compasión y bondad

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KDEODQGR OD~OWLP D YH]TXHQRV HQFRQWUDPRV SXHGH VHU RULJLQDGR PHGLDQWH ODFRPSXOVLyQ" &LHUWDPHQWH FXDQGR
KD\ FRPSXOVLyQ GHFXDOTXLHUIRUP D FXDQGRKD\  SURSDJDQGD RP RUDOL]DFLyQ QRKD\  FRPSDVLyQ WDPSRFR KD\
FRPSDVLyQFXDQGRHOFDP ELRVHRULJLQDP HUDPHQWHHQODQHFHVL GDGGHDSURQWDUHOUHWRWHFQROyJLFRGHWDO PDQHUD
TXHORVVHUHVKXP DQRVVLJDQVLHQGRVHUHVKXP DQRV\QRVHF RQYLHUWDQHQPiTXLQDV$VtSXHVWLHQH TXHKDEHUXQ
FDPELRVLQSURFHVRFDXVDWLYR8QFDP ELRTXHWLHQHVXRU LJHQHQXQDFDXVDQRHVFRPSDVLyQHVWDQVyORXQDFRVD
GHOPHUFDGR(VHHVHQWRQFHVXQSUREOHPD
2WURSUREOHPDHV6L\RFDPELR¢FyPRDIHFWDUiHVRDODVRFLHGDG"¢2QRHVWR\HQDEVROXWRLQWHUHVDGRHQHVR"
3RUTXHODLQPHQVDPD\RUtDGHODVSHUVRQDVQRVHLQWHUHVDHQ HVRGHTXHHVWDPRVKDEODQGRQLOHLQWHUHVDDXVWHGVL
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UiSLGDPHQWH TXHFDVLWRGRVORVVHUHVKXP DQRV VRQP HUDPHQWH HPSXMDGRV SRU HOODV \ VHP XHVWUDQ LQFDSDFHVGH
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HVR D OD VRFLHGDGODFXDOHVP L UHODFLyQFRQXVWHG"/D  VRFLHGDGQRHVDOJXQDH[WUDR UGLQDULD HQWLGDGP tWLFD HV
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(V GHFLU¢KD\  XQSURFHVRSRUHOFXDOHOLQGLYLGXRTXHKDFDP ELDGR SXHGHDIHFWDUHOLQFRQVFLHQWH GHO VHU
KXPDQR"

'(129,(0%5(2&.9RO;


Transmitir la compasión

6L HVWR\ SURIXQGDPHQWH UHODFLRQDGRFRQODFRP SDVLyQ FRQ HODP RU FRQHOYHUGDGHURVHQWLP LHQWR GHDOJR
VDJUDGR¢FyPRSXHGRWUDQVPLWLUHVHVHQWLPLHQWR"3RUIDYRU VLJDHVWR6LORWUDQVP LWRDWUDYpVGHXQP LFUyIRQR
PHFDQLVPRGHODSURSDJDQGD\GHWDOPRGRFRQYHQ]RDRWURVXFRUD]yQVHJXLUiHVWDQGRYDFtR2SHUDUiODOODPDGH
XQDLGHRORJtD\pOWDQVyORUHSHWLUiFRP RWRGRVXVWHGHVUHSLWHQTXHGHEHP RVVHUDIHFWXRVRVEXHQRVOLEUHVWRGD
ODWRQWHUtDTXHSUHJRQDQORVSROtWLFRVORV VRFLDOLVWDV\GHPiV9LHQGRSXHVTXHFXDOTXLHUIRUP DGHFRPSXOVLyQ
SRUVXWLOTXHVHDQRWUDHFRQVLJRHVWDEHOOH]DHVWHIORUHFLPLHQWRGHODERQGDGGHODFRPSDVLyQ¢TXpKDGHKDFHUHO
LQGLYLGXR"
¢4Xp UHODFLyQKD\  HQWUHHOKRP EUH TXHWLHQHHVWHVHQWLGRGHODFRP SDVLyQ \ HOKRP EUH FX\D PHQWH HVWi
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FXDQGRXQRFRPSUHQGHWRGRHOSUREOHPDGHODHQYLGLDODFRGLFLDODDPELFLyQ\HOGHVHRGHSRGHU/DOLEHUWDGFRQ
UHVSHFWR DWRGRHVRSHUP LWH TXHIORUH]FDODFRVDH[WUDR UGLQDULD TXHOODP DPRV FDUiFWHU8QKRP EUH DVt WLHQH
FRPSDVLyQVDEHORTXHHVDPDUQRDTXHOTXHUHSLWHPHUDPHQWHXQPRQWyQGHSDODEUDVDFHUFDGHODPRUDOLGDG
(O IORUHFLPLHQWR GH ODERQGDGQRVHHQFXHQWUDSXHVGHQW URGHODVRFLHGDGSRUTXHODVRFLHGDGHQVtP LVPD
HVWiVLHPSUHFRUUXSWD6yORHOKRP EUHTXHFRPSUHQGHWRGDODHVWUXFWXUD\HOSURFHVRGH ODVRFLHGDG\VHOLEHUDGH
HOODWLHQHFDUiFWHU\VyORpOSXHGHIORUHFHUHQERQGDG

'(129,(0%5(2&.9RO;


Llegar a la fuente con las manos vacías



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DOEHUJXH\FXLGDGRVPpGLFRV(VWRUHVXOWDLQHYLWDEOHFRQHOUiSLGRLQFUHPHQWRGHODSURGXFFLyQHVODIXQFLyQGHXQ
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La soledad
La religión
Dios
La meditación


Estar solo tiene belleza

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Soledad no es aislamiento

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Percibir el aislamiento

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Únicamente en la soledad hay inocencia

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La inocencia libera del dolor a la mente

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Crear un mundo nuevo

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Una soledad exenta de miedo

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Comenzar aquí

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La mente religiosa es explosiva

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La oración es un asunto complejo

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La respuesta a la plegaria

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¿Es la religión una cuestión de creencia?

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¿Está la verdad en las religiones?

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Para subir alto, uno debe empezar abajo

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Sus dioses los están dividiendo

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La verdadera religión

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Un escape maravilloso

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Si Dios no es Dios

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El hombre religioso

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«No sé»

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Más allá de las limitaciones de las creencias

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