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September 2009
PRESS CONTACT
Béatrice Marilhet - +33 1 46 25 63 68 – beatrice.marilhet@degremont.com
APPENDICES:
• Degrémont in Spain p 18
Reserves of fresh water represent only 2.5% of the earth's water and only 1 millionth
(0.001%) of global resources is useable. And this millionth is not evenly distributed.
Today, a third of our planet's land is arid or semi-arid, suffering from either a lack of seasonal
rainfall or chronic water shortages and this situation is worsened by the effect of global
warming. Some countries are experiencing increasingly long periods of drought, so that
surface water is not adequately renewed. By 2050, 40% of the world's population will live
in countries experiencing severe water stress (GWI Sources).
Water management: desalination of seawater or brackish water and re-use of treated waste
water are currently high priorities for government authorities. Water treatment business
areas are evolving to adapt to global change and local needs.
In the Nineties, Spain was the 2nd country in the world (after the USA) to employ desalination
techniques. Over a twenty year period, its capacity for producing desalinated water
increased from 92,670 m3/day in 1990 to 329,620 m3/day in 2008 (Sources:
DesalData, GWI).
Driven by a political, public and regulatory resolve, national schemes were launched to
address these issues, in a country with an annual GDP growth rate of 3.9% (2006 figures),
and where the population is increasing by 0.1% each year (2007 figures).
At the end of 2008, the Spanish Environment Ministry expressed its wish to continue its
commitment over the coming years, after one of the worst periods of drought it had known
since 1940. By 2015, the country wants to triple the quantity of re-useable water
produced from 1.2million m3/day to 4.1million m3/day.
As well as restrictions on using water to fill swimming pools and for watering, the emergency
measures consisted in particular of bringing in water reserves from Tarragona and
Marseille by boat. Tankers made frequent trips over a 3 month period, and over
2 million m3 of water was brought to the Llobegrat reservoirs, up to 6% of the consumption
of the 4.5 million inhabitants.
Over some years, the Provinces and the Government have invested in research and
development projects, focusing mainly on wastewater, re-use of treated wastewater, and
desalination. From 2006, the Spanish Ministry for Industry launched research projects
worth over 400 million euros, with around 50% government funding.
These strategic programmes are real poles of expertise, in a region where rainfall is
unpredictable, the objective being to find sustainable solutions, and calling on the Group's
expertise in desalination and re-use. Surface water sources are becoming depleted and
river flows are irregular, further reasons why local authorities have turned to the sea.
So, in order to satisfy the growing demand for water and given the scarcity of the resource,
the best solutions lie in seawater desalination and re-use of treated wastewater, both
techniques requiring specific know-how in which Degrémont, a subsidiary of SUEZ
ENVIRONNEMENT, is a master.
Distillation involves evaporation and condensation and guarantees a final salinity level of
less than 10mg/litre. Reverse osmosis is a membrane separation process which removes
over 99% of the salt present in seawater. The choice of process depends on water uses
(domestic water or water for industrial or agricultural use), quality of the raw water,
environmental impacts and investment and operating costs.
Seawater desalination represents 1% of the production of drinking water used on our planet.
It is an alternative that has already been implemented for over 200 million world inhabitants
offering a water supply accessible to over 2.4 billion (39%) people living less than 100 km
from a coast.
To prevent any disturbance owing to excessively high salts content, the brines are discharged
through a system of diffusers, diluting the salinity to achieve rapidly concentrations similar to
the natural environment. The dilution target generally sought is a concentration 1% lower
than the natural salinity of the aquatic environment.
In addition, the discharge water should have a temperature similar to the environment. In
this respect the reverse osmosis is favourable compared with a thermal process, where
discharge flow rates and temperature are higher.
1
Consortios Estrategicos Nacionales de Investigacion Tecnica
2
Phase concentrated in mineral salts and organic matters
In addition, energy needs can be met from renewal energy sources, such as wind power,
wave and tidal power and solar power.
The Barcelona desalination plant project was originally part of the Spanish National
Hydrological Plan and the Catalan authorities' strategic plan, including construction of a
number of desalination plants. The project goals were to ensure a reliable source of water for
the region, preserve surface water and improve water quality in an area where the rivers are
subject to pollution.
In 2005, the Catalan Government delegated the project to its water authority: Aguas del Ter
Llobregat (ATLL), a public utility attached to the Department of Environment and Habitat of
the Catalan Government. Formed in 1990, ATLL manages drinking water resources for over
100 municipalities in the region, or more than 4.5 million inhabitants. It currently operates
the Abrera plant (the river Llobregat) and the Cardedeu plant (the river Ter), built by
Degrémont in 1960.
Inaugurated on 20 July 2009, the plant supplies about 20% of the population of the
Barcelona region with drinking water ( 1.3 million inhabitants). It is the largest plant of its
kind ever built in Europe with a drinking water production capacity of 200,000m3/day.
The pilot installed close to the plant enabled seawater quality to be assessed and qualified
at intake and discharge points. Over a year, technicians and experts monitored seawater
quality to determine the most suitable location for the intake location.
The intake zone is relatively deep, at 25 metres, so limiting intake of fish and other
organisms in the aquatic environment, which are often more plentiful in sunlit areas.
Pumping speed is kept to a minimum to avoid affecting the currents and to protect marine life
against being sucked in. Bathymetric3 and current studies were conducted beforehand to
evaluate and confirm the processes selected and minimise the environmental impact. The
catch-water is then routed using gravity methods in order to minimise energy consumption
from the pumping stage.
3
Bathymetry - Measure of the depth of sea bed
TM
Seaclean
TM
Seadaf
The seawater is preliminary clarified through flotation. Firstly the suspended solids, algae and
a part of organic matters, are coagulated. The floc formed is subjected to micro-bubbles,
then separated from the water by gravity. The clarification residue is then collected at the
surface of the float via an overflow. Flotation is carried out on the Seadaf , the main
Once clarified, the water is then filtered through 20 filters of Mediazur GH type, which
are "dual media" filters using anthracite and sand in a single system. The water is pressurised
before being fed into a second "dual media" filter stage, with Seaclean filters. Each
pressure filter can treat a flow rate of 900 m3/h. The filters use very fine filtration materials,
providing refined filtration before feeding into the 18 x 5 µm safety cartridge filters.
The pre-treated seawater can then be fed to the reverse osmosis membranes.
10 reverse osmosis racks are fitted with "seawater" membranes and the pre-treated
water is fed to them: the water is pressurised at around 60 bar before entering the
membranes. Each rack has a production capacity of 23,100 m3/day. The seawater
membranes are laid out in a hybrid system (2 types of membrane in a serial arrangement) to
optimise energy consumption while at the same time maximising water production. The
conversion efficiency of the system is 45% (for 1 litre of pumped water, 0.45 litre of
treated water is produced).
To keep the boron content below the 1 mg/litre limit (European regulation), a second pass is
made through the reverse osmosis racks. This time the racks are fitted with "brackish water"
membranes. The system operates at a conversion efficiency of 85% (this time for 1 litre
of pumped water, 0.85 litre of water is produced).
The pressure exchangers are installed after the reverse osmosis membranes, which allow
high pressure to separate the water in the membranes. The pressure is 71kg/cm2 (equivalent
to a waterfall 710 metres high). Despite a partial pressure loss during osmosis, the
exchangers use the residual water pressure to propel the seawater not yet treated.
Disinfection is carried out using chlorine dioxide. This compound disinfects the water
produced and this effect is retained in the distribution network to preventing any re-
contamination when the water is distributed to the consumer.
The tap water is now taste and odour free and all polluting elements removed. The resulting
filtered water is of very high quality for human consumption.
When the water leaves the plant, it is mixed directly with treated water
from the urban waste water treatment plant which adjoins the plant. Mixing
these two types of water balances the salts content: the salinity of the Mediterranean
Sea varies between 36 and 38 grammes per litre.
With this project, Degrémont's expertise and prior research enabled a proactive
management approach to be adopted, identifying the risks and avoiding
environmental impacts.
Sludge treatment
The objective is to employ dewatering to reduce the volume of sludge produced
throughout the treatment stages. Sludge treatment removes the water in the sludge as far as
possible.
Sludge from the Seadaf and the filter washing water (or "backwashing" water) is mixed
dewatered by centrifuge.
Its volume thereby reduced to 22% dryness by this new unit, the sludge can
be stored in the plant and then disposed of. The dewatering phase substantially
reduces the volume of sludge to be disposed of, so minimising greenhouse gas
emissions generated by transporting materials.
KEY FIGURES
To date, Degrémont has installed 250 desalination plants, producing over 1.9 million m3
per day, making it a market leader in reverse osmosis. It has undertaken large contracts for
plants in Majorca such as Bahía de Palma producing 65,000m3/day and Son Tugores with
40,000m3/day, as well as Carboneras in Andalucia, 120,000m3/day, and El Atabal in Malaga,
165,000m3/day of brackish water. In the Dutch Antilles, in Curaçao, Degrémont constructed a
plant to replace the island's thermal stills.
RECENT EXAMPLES
• Australia, Melbourne: SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT, through its subsidiary Degrémont,
and in a consortium with local partners, has just won the contract to design, build and
operate a seawater desalination plant for the city of Melbourne. With a capacity of
440,000m3/day, it will serve 1/3 of the city's population.
• Australia, Perth: This plant, representing an investment of 300 million Australian
dollars for the Water Corporation in the State of Western Australia, was designed and
constructed in 2006 in a joint venture between Degrémont, Multiplex, and Water
Corporation. This was a key government initiative intended to provide 17% of Perth's
drinking water. This very large project comprised building a reverse osmosis
desalination plant over 18 months. The plant yields 144,000m3/day.
• United Arab Emirates, Fujairah: Fujairah innovated in 2001 with a combination of
two technologies used in seawater desalination: reverse osmosis and thermal
desalination by distillation. Producing 170,000m3/day, the plant provides 1 million
people with drinking water.
• Sultanate of Oman, Barka: The contract for this project was awarded in 2006, in
collaboration with GDF-SUEZ Energy International, and involved linking a thermal
plant to a seawater desalination plant with a production capacity of 120,000m3/day.
Discharge into the sea is minimised as it is diluted with the general cooling water. The
partnership resulted in overall optimal design of both the thermal and desalination
plants.
In 2008, Degrémont achieved sales of over 1 billion euros. 4,600 employees in 70 countries
design and build turnkey solutions in terms of drinking water and desalination plants, water
treatment and water recycling plants, and sludge treatment plants, integrating all phases
from civil engineering to commissioning, and sometimes operation.
Degrémont Technologies Division completes the offer by supplying equipment such as:
Aquasource ultrafiltration membranes, Innoplana sludge drying solutions, Ozonia UV or ozone
disinfection systems, Infilco Degrémont thermal oxidation, supplies of compact units, etc.
DEGREMONT IN SPAIN
Degrémont has had a presence in Spain since 1954 through its subsidiary established in
Bilbao. It employs over 300 people and about 40% of turnover corresponds to the building of
water production plants in Spain, 20% to the sale of services and operation and 40% to
international contracts, mainly in the desalination sector.
Degrémont Spain designs, constructs and operates, in Spain and internationally, drinking
water production plants, water treatment plants, sludge treatment units and seawater
desalination plants.
Over the last twenty years, the Spanish subsidiary has been involved in building and
commissioning numerous installations, particularly in the Mediterranean Basin, (Spain,
Algeria and Egypt), but also in the Persian Gulf, Latin America (Chile, Mexico) and the
Caribbean.
Key Figures
4,600 employees
Sales 2008: 1,014 million euros
Over 10,000 sites equipped with Degrémont technology throughout the world
3,000 drinking water production plants
2,500 treatment plants built
250 desalination plants built to date
2.4 million m3/day of recycled waste water
1.9 million m3/day of water produced through reverse osmosis
In 2008, Spain accounted for 12.1% of SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT’s revenue (thanks mainly to
AGBAR’s contribution). Spain is the Group’s second-largest market next to France and one of
the most attractive markets in Europe due to its size and maturity level.
AGUAS DE BARCELONA
Aguas de Barcelona (AGBAR) is the leading private operator for water and sanitation in
Spain. In water, in 2007 the Group’s companies provided drinking water to over 12 million
people via 223 production sites (including Barcelona, Murcia and Alicante). In sanitation, over
10 million people were serviced by 406 sewage treatment plants.
AGBAR’s revenue in Spain from its water operations (drinking water, sanitation,
desalination, environment, etc) was 1.3 billion euros in 2008. AGBAR has two main
operating sectors: water-related services and health-related services, which represent 57%
and 43% of its 2008 revenue, respectively.
AGBAR’s water operations cover three main segments, namely: water purification and
desalination, environmental infrastructure, and environmental technology. These activities
encompass all environmental protection issues: environmental management (laboratories),
consultancy, 'turnkey' engineering, the operation of these facilities, and the management of
their waste.
Cetaqua is the water technology centre founded by AGBAR in association with UPC-
Barcelona Tech and the Superior Council of Scientific Research of Spain. The purpose of this
centre is to contribute to research, innovation and development in water technologies,
particularly in the urban cycle, by developing synergies between business, research and
teaching sectors. The Centre’s 2008 budget was 4.9 million euros.
AGUAS DE VALENCIA
Aguas de Valencia is a water supplier to over three million inhabitants in the Valencia
region with revenue of 196 million and long-term contracts including a 50-year contract with
the City of Valencia.
PRESS KIT –Barcelona Plant - PAGE 20/22
CONTACT: B. MARILHET I beatrice.marilhet@degremont.com
DL:+33 1 46 25 63 68 – MOB: +33 6 78 09 81 20
DEGREMONT
Degrémont España, created in 1954, is the oldest water treatment company in the country
and is one of the biggest in the sector. Thanks to its experience in all aspects of water
treatment, in recent years it has become a leader in reverse-osmosis desalination in both
national and international markets. Its experience in Spain has enabled Degrémont to win its
biggest contracts in this field worldwide.
Thus, the Carboneras plants near Almeria (120,000 m3/day) and Fujairah in the United Arab
Emirates (175,000 m3/day) are among the largest seawater desalination plants in the world,
as well as El Atabal in Malaga (165,000 m3/day) which is the largest brackish-water
treatment plant in the world.
Degrémont España has also contributed to many other desalination operations including
Bahia de Palma (68,000 m3/day), San Pedro del Pinatar II (65,000 m3/day), Minera
Escondida (Chile – 45,000 m3/day) and Son Tugores (43,000 m3/day), as well as plants
under construction such as Barcelona (200,000 m3/day) and Marina Baja (50,000 m3/day).
In drinking water, wastewater and sludge treatment, Degrémont España has over 300
projects among the country’s largest cities including Madrid, Barcelona, Seville, Valencia,
Bilbao, Saragossa, Palma de Mallorca, Vitoria, La Corogne, Malaga, Saint Sebastien, Burgos
and Valladolid.
Degrémont España has also developed a large export business. With contracts in China,
Uzbekistan, Egypt, Chile, the United Arab Emirates, Australia, Mexico, the West Indies,
Algeria, etc, it is a major Spanish exporter in this sector.
Some of these projects are conducted in association with other Group companies, particularly
energy companies.
Ondeo IS España is present principally in the markets of energy generation, agri-foodstuffs, the
petrochemicals industry, and paper production as evidenced in projects recently carried out in this
sector in Portugal.
PRESS KIT –Barcelona Plant - PAGE 21/22
CONTACT: B. MARILHET I beatrice.marilhet@degremont.com
DL:+33 1 46 25 63 68 – MOB: +33 6 78 09 81 20
Within SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT, Degrémont is the water treatment plant specialist. Present in over 70
countries and employing approximately 4,600 staff, Degrémont achieved sales of 1,014 million euros in
2008.
SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT
Natural resources are not in infinite supply. SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT (Paris: SEV, Brussels: SEVB), and
its subsidiaries are committed on a day to day basis to meeting the challenge of protection of resources
and offering innovative solutions to millions of people and to industry worldwide. SUEZ
ENVIRONNEMENT supplies 76 million people with drinking water, 44 million with waste management
services and collects waste from 60 million people. With 65,400 employees, SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT is a
world leader exclusively dedicated to environmental services and with a presence in all five continents.
In 2008, SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT, a 35%-owned subsidiary of GDF SUEZ, achieved sales of 12.4 billion
euros.