CRITICAL REVIEW Evaluation

Assignment # 2

Submitted By: Meeran khan

Submitted To: Miss. Shazia Akhtar

Registration Number 1867124

Subject Research Methodology

Session MSPM (2-A)

University Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science & Technology

Article Critical Review 1

Article Introduction:

Charismatic, Ideological, & Pragmatic (CIP) Model of Leadership: A Critical

Review and Agenda for Future Research

 Authors: Jeffrey B. Lovelace Brett H. Neely Julian B. Allen Samuel T. Hunter

 Volume & Year: Volume 30, Issue 1, February 2019, Pages 96-110

 Journal: The Leadership Quarterly

Article Critical Review 2

Table of Contents
Article Introduction: ....................................................................................................................... 1

1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 3

1.1 Critical Evaluation of Text................................................................................................ 3

1.2 Significance of Research................................................................................................... 3

2. Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 4

3. Evaluation of Strengths & Weaknesses .................................................................................. 4

4. Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 5

4.1 Future Research Directions ............................................................................................... 6

Article Critical Review 3

1. Introduction

The paper which I selected to write a review is itself a review of CIP (Charismatic, Ideological

and Pragmatic) Leadership model. This paper moves around different sections of the leadership

model, while presenting the future research opportunities for those who wanted to go in deep

analysis of lower level leadership and its traits. This paper critically identified some major

limitations in the existing CIP model. The reason behind selecting this research paper was to

understand the CIP model, as in criticism on the dominant leadership behaviors has been getting

a lot of attraction in latest literature and this calls for some calling for more multifaceted and

some sound conceptual theories of leadership.

1.1 Critical Evaluation of Text

As long as the structure is concerned, it’s a well explained research while citing some major

literature being written to define each and every aspect of charismatic, ideological and pragmatic

leadership. The main differences about the CIP and other leadership models have been identified

such as it states that the key difference among all other theories and this theory is that it defines

the sense making process of a leader before outlining the behaviors of leaders. While moving

forward, this paper completes another milestone while making a summary of CIP leadership

literature in a tabular form.

1.2 Significance of Research

This paper provides a strong and first ever inclusive review of the Charismatic, Ideological and

Pragmatic (CIP) model, while going through a comprehensive analysis of the leadership

practices and its understandings in both science and practice. This paper moves around the

potential of CIP of model, to check its possible expansion potential.

Article Critical Review 4

2. Methodology

The research method used in this paper is neither quantitative nor qualitative. As literature

review process can help in performing both the research domains. It has been performed while

considering existing CIP model and its relative theories as the major resources. This research

type can be called as ‘Applied Research’ as it has been performed, to improve and understand

the leadership areas of management.

3. Evaluation of Strengths & Weaknesses

 Strengths in Writing Style:

This research paper completely explains the CIP model, while going through each and every

aspect of me Charismatic, Ideological, and Pragmatic leadership. This research completely

criticizes the existing literature while giving new future directions for the researchers. Two major

contributions have been aimed and fulfilled in this paper, which are real strength:

I. This study placed a review of the CIP Model while going deep in the literature for having

a complete and comprehensive approach.

II. Analysis of the CIP model has been done while focusing on the conceptual fortes, while

categorizing the ways model used for clear conceptual foundation.

III. No particular methodology was identified, which could have helped the researchers to

understand the whole procedure of this research.

 Weakness in Referencing Style:

The biggest weakness which I found is the referencing format, where the writer cited almost 100

reference articles, as per the paper’s length it was more than enough. Paper was almost of 13
Article Critical Review 5

pages (length of a normal paper) but the writer posted almost 100 articles which shouldn’t be

used because almost 40% belong to years 2004 or 2005 even if I go through a deep analysis, I

found a reference of 1967 while moving towards multiple references of 1995 era, which were

quite old. The usage of such older papers make his argument weak wherever the writer used

these references, as now in 2019, many things have been changed, and newer published content

is available for the selected domain. For me, if the writer had used less but credible and recent

sources, then this article would have stronger and valid arguments.

 Non-relative Selection of Articles for Research

Another issue which I found was the usage of some unrelated articles, just for the sake of

increasing the number of citations, although they were not needed such as: “Getting a life: The

emergence of the life story in adolescence. Psychological Bulletin”. As if this article was not

cited it wouldn’t be affecting this article and its research.

 Weakness in Model:

This research evaluated that when the model moves towards more specific methodological

approaches, it becomes over-dependent. And this is the biggest weakness. The way it predicted

the weakness is because the conceptualization of current CIP model is limiting its own border’s

utility while moving forward.

4. Conclusion

The conclusion being drawn by the researchers is fully dependent on a particular theoretical

formulation, the model being used is the CIP Model of Leadership. This model showed that how

varied and more complex approaches can be used to facilitate leadership and get a better
Article Critical Review 6

understanding of the influence which leaders got in organizations. The information and results

being drawn by the CIP model completely describes the leadership styles and supports the

conclusion very well. While going through the deep understanding of the CIP Leadership

literature, the researchers designed the model on the basis of review of model. This paper also

highlighted some rare and vital strengths which the CIP model have. The reasons being

diagnosed for the strengths of this model are plausible and connects to the leadership styles. The

contribution of this research is very clear, it states some conceptual and methodological

limitations which the CIP model is facing, so this act of issue identification can facilitate the

future researchers to enhance the understandings of leadership not only in research but also in

practicing leadership.

4.1 Future Research Directions

After complete evaluation and recommendations for the CIP Model, this paper also opens a gate

of further research for others, as it had just focused on the higher-level of leaders, thus, other can

easily go with this model to research for lower-level of leaders while evaluating their traits and

characteristics being a leader. Another part which can further be investigated is the

understanding of the ways that how the individual characteristics can pose tremendous impact

over the strategic leadership. This domain got remarkable prospective towards research. Another

important perspective which this paper poses to research further while going deep in literature

contains three domains given below:

 Significance of Cognitive Style of leadership fit (i.e. Congruence or Incongruence)

among the leaders and their admirers.

 Finding the Significance of leadership follower preferences.