1

Hematology 2 Midterm Notes

INTRODUCTION TO LEUKOCYTE

LEUKOCYTE- ______________________
 Colorless nucleated cells that circulates in peripheral blood

 FUNCTION:

 LEUKOCYTE KINETIC-
1. Bone Marrow
2. Peripheral blood
3. Tissues

 LEUKOCYTE CLASSIFICATION

Granulocyte VS NonGranulocyte
1. 1.
2. 2.
3.

Polymorphonuclear VS Mononuclear
1. 1.
2. 2.
3.

Phagocyte VS Immunocyte
1. 1.
2.
3.
4.

 LEUKOCYTE FORMATION
 2
Hematology 2 Midterm Notes

HEMATOPOIESIS
- Cellular formation, proliferation, differentiation and maturation of blood cells

MYELOID TO ERYTHROID RATION (M:E)

It is a numeric comparting the relative number of granulocyte precursors with the relative erythroid
precursor in the bone marrow.

NORMAL M:E ratio: ___________________

Different condition of M:E ratio:

Infection __________
Leukemia __________

BONE MARROE CELLULARITY

It is the percentage of marrow space occupied by hematopoietic cells compared with fat.

Normocellular marrow for adult:

FAT _____________
Hematopoietic elements ____________

NOTE: Child under 2 years has ____________ red marrow

Hypercellular/hyperplasia- increase in one or more cell lines due to compensation

Hypocellular/ hypoplasia- loos of cellularity or incomplete development in one or more cell lines

 LEUKOCYTE MORPHOLOGY
Romanovsky Stain (Wright Stain) allows to identify leukocyte

EOSINOPHIL GRANULES
Color: _______________

BASOPHIL GRANULES
Color: ________________

NEUTRAL GRANULES
Color:_______________

NOTE: pH of the staining system is very important for proper cell identification

CRITERIA FOR LEUKOCYTE IDENTIFICATION

1. Cell Size

2. Nucleus- Cytoplasm Ratio

a. High Ratio
b. Low Ratio

3. Cytoplasm Characteristic
a.
b.
c.

4. Nuclear Characteristic
a. shape
b. color
 3
Hematology 2 Midterm Notes

c. Chromatin pattern
a.

b.

c.

d. Presence or absence of nucleoli

ROMANOVSKY-STAINED FILM OF LEUKOCYTE

CELL SYNONYMS DIAMETER NUCLEUS CYTOPLASM REFERENCE

RANGE
Neutrophil, Seg, 10- 15 um Segmented into Light pink with Relative: 37 –
Segmented polymorphonuclear 2- 5 hours (2-4 numerous 77%
neutrophil, poly lobes some specific or
PMN references) secondary Absolute: 2.0 –
connected by a granules 6.93 x 109/L
threadlike Purple- few,
chromatin primary
granules

Pinkish purple
or pink tan
Neutrophil, Nonsergmented 10- 15 um Elongated, Same as Relative: 0-
Band neutrophil, curved or segmented 11%
neutrophil staff or sausage shaped neutrophil Absolute: 0-
9
stab 0.87 x 10 /L
Eosinophil EO 12-17 um Dark purple Large, spherical Relative: 0- 7%
chromatin refractive Absolute: 0-
pattern, band granules stains 0.67x 109/L
shaped orange-pink
segmented into
2 seg
Basophil Baso 10-14 um Light purple, Densed, dark- Relative: 0-
round, violet to purple 1.6%
indented, band, black granules Absolute: 0-
9
lobulated variable in size 0.20x 10 /L
Chromatin
pattern:
smudge and
indistinct
Monocyte Mono, monuclear 12-20 um Round, Dull, pale, gray- Relative: 2- 10
phagocyte horseshoe blue %
shaped or Absolute: 0.03-
lobulated 0.90 x 109/L
chromatin is
light purple and
arranged in
loose strands or
lacy pattern
Normal Lymp Small 6-8um Deep purple, Pale to bright Relative 10-
Lymphocyte Medium 8- compact, sky blue 44%
12um densely packed Few prominent Absolute 0.6-
Large 12- clumps round reddish 3.44 x109/L
16um or oval or (azurophilic)
indented
 4
Hematology 2 Midterm Notes

Variant Reactive, atypical, Variable 10- Dense to pale Deep basophilic Relative:0-75%
Lympocyte stimulated 22 um and immature to pale blue Absolute: 0-
lymphocyte looking 0.66x109/L