APES Chapter 17 Test

1. Of the following risks to human health, which causes the most human deaths? (1 point)

Consumer risks
2.
Chemical risks
Biological risks
Personal risks
Physical risks

2. As a country transitions from a poor, developing country to a more affluent, developed country

its health risks for disease change. Which of the following best represents the change in risk

factors from the developing to the developed country? (1 point)

The initial challenges are obesity and poor sanitation, which change to high blood pressure
and3.poor nutrition
The initial challenges are poor sanitation and sedentary lifestyles, which change to poor
indoor air quality and obesity.
The initial challenges are sedentary lifestyles and poor nutrition, which change to high blood
pressure and poor urban air quality.
The initial challenges are malnutrition and poor sanitation, which change to high blood
pressure and obesity.
The initial challenges are malnutrition and availability of tobacco, which change to poor
nutrition and poor sanitation.

3. Individuals living on the Japanese islands must live with constant geologic activity in the form

of earthquakes and volcanoes. These people face what type of risk to human health on a daily

basis? (1 point)

Physical risk
4.
Parasite risk
Biological risk
Biochemical risk
Chemical risk

4. A historical pandemic disease caused by bacterium and carried by rodents is (1 point)

Cholera
5.
Tuberculosis
Plague
Swine Flu
 Hepatitis

5. Which virus likely spread to humans when hunters butchered and ate chimpanzees? (1 point)

H1N1
6.
Hantavirus
Ebola virus
HIV
Human Monkey Pox

6. Individuals living near the Republic of Congo in Africa face an extreme biological risk. If

infected with this risk, they face a 50 to 90% chance of death due to fever, vomiting, and

sometimes internal and external bleeding. This disease risk is: (1 point)

HIV/AIDS
7.
the Ebola virus
dengue fever
malaria
human monkey pox

7. The disease that led to the destruction of hundreds of thousands of cows world-wide and

prompted wide scale change in the feeding practices of cattle is (1 point)

bovine spongiform encephalopathy

8.
avian influenza
bovine hemorrhagic fever
H1N1
mutated protein prion disease

8. An advancement in medical research allows individuals infected with HIV/AIDS to lead longer

lives due to (1 point)

the eradication of the virus in chimpanzees

9.
antiviral drugs that keep HIV populations in the body low
antibiotics that cure the related pneumonia
an isolation of the virus in primates
antiviral drugs that work as a vaccine against AIDS

9. A pathogen of an emergent disease that lives in hundreds of species of birds and is

transmitted by mosquitoes is (1 point)

 Plasmodium
10.
The Avian Flu virus
The West Nile virus
The Ebola virus
Yersinia pestis

10. Use Figure 17-1. In 2009, the greatest increase in the number of women newly infected with

HIV occurred in (1 point)

Asia
11.
sub-Saharan Africa
Central and South America
North America and Western and Central Europe
Caribbean

11. Use Figure 17-1. in 2009, the number of newly HIV-infected individuals worldwide was

approximately (1 point)

200,000
12.
1,300,000
1,700,000
2,600,000
26,000,000

12. Use Figure 17-1. In 2009, the percentage of newly HIV-infected individuals who lived in North

America and Western and Central Europe was approximately (1 point)

0.25%
13.
1%
4%
8.5%
10%

13. Most insecticides are highly effective due to their ability to impair nerve transmission in

insects. This category of chemicals is known as (1 point)

teratogens
14.
allergens
neurotoxins
endocrine disrupters
 carcinogens

14. Which of the following is a carcinogen? (1 point)

asbestos
15.
lead
atrazine
thalidomide
DDT

15. Use Table 17-2. Which risk factor is higher for the overall population than it is for high-income

individuals? (1 point)

alcohol use
16.
illicit drugs
tobacco use
All of the factors are higher for the overall population than for high-income
None of the risk factors are higher for the overall population than for high-income
individuals.

16. Use Figure 17-2. Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the use of tobacco

between North America and Africa? (1 point)

Individuals in developed countries of North America do not readily use tobacco while
individuals
17. in the developing countries of Africa do.
Developed countries of North america have high rates of death related to tobacco use while
developing countries of Africa do not.
Developing countries of North America have high rates of death related to tobacco use while
developed countries of Africa do not.
Developed countries of North America have one half as many tobacco related deaths as
those of developing countries of Africa
There is no difference between the deaths attributed to tobacco use of the developed
countries of North America and the developing countries of Africa

17. The teratogen used in the 1950s and 1960s to treat morning sickness in pregnant women was

the drug (1 point)

estrogen
18.
atrazine
phthalate
thalidomide
testosterone

18. A compound in plastics that is classified as an endocrine disruptor is (1 point)

 formaldehyde
19.
asbestos
vinyl chloride
phthalates
PCBs

19. Studies conducted by scientists to assess the risk of chemicals include

I. Dose-response studies

II. Chronic studies

III. Retrospective studies (1 point)

I only
20.
II only
I and III only
II and III only
I, II, and III

20. Use Figure 17-4. The threshold of the hypothetical chemical is approximately (1 point)

1 hypothetical unit
21.
3 hypothetical units
5.5 hypothetical units
8 hypothetical units
10 hypothetical units

21. Use Figure 17-4. The LD50 of the hypothetical chemical is approximately (1 point)

3 hypothetical units
22.
4.5 hypothetical units
5.5 hypothetical units
7 hypothetical units
10 hypothetical units

22. Use Figure 17-4. The point on the curve where the two dashed lines intersect represents all of

the following EXCEPT: (1 point)

the dose at which 50% of the test subjects die

23.
the dose that kills the entire population
the LD50
a dose at which scientists can compare this chemical's lethality to other chemicals
 the relative toxicity of the chemical on a specific group of species

23. The US legislation that provides for the regulation of many chemicals by the EPA, not including

pesticides, food, and cosmetics, is the (1 point)

Clean Water Act

24.
Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act of 1996
Registration, Evaluation & Authorization of Chemicals Act
Clean Air Act

24. A study was conducted on a new herbicide and the ED50 for mice was determined to be 40

mg/kg. What would be the concentration deemed "safe for humans" by the EPA? (1 point)

40 mg/kg
25.
20 mg/kg
4 mg/kg
0.2 mg/kg
0.04 mg/kg

25. A study focusing on the long term effects of a chemical on the reproduction of trout would be

categorized as a/n (1 point)

prospective study
26.
chronic study
ED50 study
acute study
retrospective study

26. The nuclear accident at Chernobyl in 1986 has provided scientists with data on the effects of

radiation on humans. This study of radiation sickness and thyroid cancers would be best

classified as a/n (1 point)

retrospective study
27.
chronic study
acute study
prospective study
LD50 study
27. Asbestos exposure is more dangerous to individuals who smoke cigarettes. This is due

to (1 point)

the bioaccumulation of asbestos in the lungs

28.
the synergistic interactions between the two risks
the high LD50 of asbestos
the solubility of asbestos in the bloodstream
the biomagnification of the chemicals in tobacco

28. In an estuary a zooplankton consumes a phytoplankton with a small globule of PCBs attached

to it. A fish consumes the zooplankton as well as many other zooplankton. A larger fish

consumes the small fish and then a gull consumes the larger fish. The increased concentration

of the chemical at the top of the food chain is an example of (1 point)

biomagnification
29.
bioaccumulation
synergistic properties
PCB persistance
synergistic interactions

29. Which of the following represents an environmental hazard?

I. UV radiation

II. pregnancy

III. arsenic (1 point)

I
30.
III
I and II
I and III
I, II, and III

30. When a chemical manufacturing company develops a chemical, extensively tests it, discovers

it to be unsafe, and never brings it to market, it is the following the (1 point)

precautionary principle
31.
actual risk probability principle
risk management principle
risk assessment and management principle
 innocent-until-proven-guilty principle

31. Which international agreement placed restriction on a list of 12 chemicals, known as "the dirty

dozen?" (1 point)

the Montreal Protocol of 1987

32.
the REACH Convention of 2007
the Cairo Convention of 1994
the Kyoto Accord of 1997
the Stockholm Convention of 2001

32. What disease is caused by mutated bovine prions? (1 point)

bubonic plague
33.
malaria
ebola
mad cow disease
tuberculosis

34.