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______________________1. He suggested that early Earth was very different from present day
and that lightning and volcanic activity catalyzed the creation of organic molecules to form
a "primordial soup" from which life arose
______________________2. The concept which suggests life on Earth came outer space and
brought by meteorites
______________________4. Scientist who designed a special flask that allowed air in but kept
microbes out and once and for all disproved spontaneous generation
______________________6. The scientists who tested the primordial soup model by using an
electrical spark to produce amino acids from the molecules believed to be present on early
Earth?
______________________18. The theory on the origin of life that refers to life coming from other
living things
______________________19. The theory on the origin of life that refers to life arising from non-
living molecules
B. Write the letter of your choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
21. Miller and Urey used the following substances to simulate Earth's early atmosphere
EXCEPT
A. ammonia B. water vapor C. methane D. oxygen
22. Whi
25. Which of the following statements best identifies these two cells?
Cell X is a unicellular organism that has cytoplasm, a cell membrane, ribosomes, free-floating
DNA, and multiple flagella.
Cell Y is a multicellular organism that has cytoplasm, a cell membrane, ribosomes, a nucleus,
an endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria.
For 27-29, the figure on the right shows a cell with structures
labeled A, B, C, and D.
Choices are:
A. Structure A C. Structure C
B. Structure B D. Structure D
28. Which organelle is responsible for packaging and sending out proteins to their proper
destinations?
30. An organism ingests a toxin that damages the mitochondria of its cells.
Which function of the mitochondria might be inhibited in the cell?
A. Creating proteins C. Converting energy in sugar to ATP
B. Producing sugar from sunlight D. Disposing of damaged cell parts
31. Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of rare and inherited genetic disorders in
which some part of the lysosome does not function properly, causing the accumulation of
toxic substances in the cell and ultimately, cell death.
What would be the most likely explanation as to why the lysosomes of someone with this
disease are not functioning properly?
A. The enzymes of the lysosome are beginning to break down the DNA of the cell.
B. The enzymes of the lysosome are not breaking down enough toxic material.
C. The enzymes of the lysosome are beginning to break down the ribosomes.
D. The enzymes of the lysosome are breaking down too much toxic material.
32. If proteins do not have the correct structure, they cannot function properly. Protein
misfolding is a cellular malfunction that occurs when proteins do not properly get modified
and folded into their correct 3D shape after they are initially synthesized.
Which of these cell structures is most likely responsible for protein misfolding?
A. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) C. Lysosome
B. Mitochondria D. Nucleus
33. What cell structure is responsible for regulating all cellular activities?
A. Mitochondria B. Golgi body C. Nucleus D. Lysosome
34. Which of the following structures are found in eukaryotes, but not prokaryotes?
A. Cytoplasm B. Cilia C. Cell membrane D. Golgi body
36. Which of the following structures are present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
A. Golgi bodies B. Cell walls C. Cytosol D. Mitochondria
37. Which of the following is found in BOTH plant and animal cells?
A. Nucleus B. Chloroplast C. Cell wall D. Lysosome
38. A plant is moved from direct sunlight and placed into complete darkness.
Which structure in the plant's cells would be most affected by this change?
A. Mitochondria B. Chloroplast C. Golgi body D. Vacuole
40. Which of the following is NOT true about the light reactions of photosynthesis?
A. The light reactions occur at daytime.
B. The light reactions need chlorophyll molecules.
C. ATP is a product of the light reaction.
D. Carbon dioxide is a raw material in the light reaction.
41. Which of the following equations correctly summarizes the process of photosynthesis?
A. CO2 + water ⟶ glucose + oxygen C. CO2 + glucose ⟶ water + oxygen
B. glucose + oxygen ⟶ CO2 + water D. CO2 + oxygen ⟶ water + glucose
42. Which of the following are true regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
A. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are performed by all plants and animals.
B. Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in the chloroplasts of a cell.
C. Photosynthesis produces carbon dioxide, and cellular respiration uses CO2.
D. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are near-opposite processes.
43. Which of the following explains what happens to oxygen produced by the light-
dependent reactions?
A. It is used in the Calvin cycle.
B. It is released into the atmosphere.
C. It combines with NADPH to produce water.
D. It is recycled as a reactant in another light-dependent reaction.
44. What will happen if ATP and NADPH are already used up at night?
A. Less oxygen will be produced. C. Glucose production will stop.
B. Less carbon dioxide will be used. D. Water molecules will split to form electrons.
47. Gwen is investigating how exercise affects the rate at which she can squeeze a ball.
After several minutes, she begins to experience muscle soreness and fatigue. She knows that
this means her muscles are beginning to run out of oxygen.
Which process is likely causing the soreness in her muscle cells?
A. Lactic acid fermentation C. Photosynthesis
B. Alcohol fermentation D. Krebs cycle
49. Which of the following will cause the process of respiration to stop?
A. Large amount of glucose C. Absence of oxygen
B. Small amount of water D. Presence of carbon dioxide
49. When a butterfly drinks from a flower, it brushes against the anthers and gets covered
with pollen. When the butterfly visits another flower, the pollen attaches which part of the
flower resulting in pollination?
A. Anther B. Stigma C. Sepals D. Petal
(Choice A)
A
\text{C}_{6}\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_{6} + 6\text{O}_{2} \longrightarrow 6\text{CO}_{2} +
6\text{H}_{2}\text{O} + \text{energy}C
6
H
12
O
6
+6O
2
⟶6CO
2
+6H
2
O+energy
(Choice B)
B
6\text{CO}_{2} + 6\text{H}_{2}\text{O} \longrightarrow \text{C}_{6}\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_{6} +
6\text{O}_{2} + \text {energy}6CO
2
+6H
2
O⟶C
6
H
12
O
6
+6O
2
+energy
(Choice C)
C
6\text{CO}_{2} + 6\text{O}_{2} +\text{energy} \longrightarrow
\text{C}_{6}\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_{6} + 6\text{H}_{2}\text{O}6CO
2
+6O
2
+energy⟶C
6
H
12
O
6
+6H
2
O
(Choice D)
D
\text{C}_{6}\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_{6} + 6\text{H}_{2}\text{O} + \text{energy} \longrightarrow
6\text{CO}_{2} + 6\text{O}_{2} C
6
H
12
O
6
+6H
2
O+energy⟶6CO
2
+6O
2
What is the net production of ATP, pyruvate, and NADH when one molecule of
glucose undergoes glycolysis?
Choose 1 answer:
Choose 1 answer:
(Choice A)
A
2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate
(Choice B)
B
4 ATP, 1 NADH, 2 pyruvate
(Choice C)
C
4 ATP, 2 NADH, and 4 pyruvate
(Choice D)
D
2 ATP, 1 NADH, and 1 pyruvate
(Choice A)
A
ADP
(Choice B)
B
Pyruvate
(Choice C)
C
2-Phosphoglycerate
(Choice D)
D
Glucose
(Choice A)
A
Glycolysis produces \text{CO}_{2}CO
2
C, O, start subscript, 2, end subscript, NAD, and pyruvate by oxidizing glucose.
(Choice B)
B
Glycolysis produces ATP through the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
(Choice C)
C
Glycolysis produces ATP, pyruvate, and NADH by oxidizing glucose.
(Choice D)
D
Glycolysis produces pyruvate and ATP through by oxidizing glucose and NAD+.
(Choice A, Checked)
A
The energy from a proton gradient is used to make ATP.
(Choice B)
B
Chemiosmosis regenerates electron carriers like NADH and FAHD2.
(Choice C)
C
ATP synthesis creates a proton gradient that causes electron flow through an electron
transport chain (ETC).
(Choice D)
D
A temperature gradient drives ATP synthesis.
After glycolysis, pyruvate is oxidized to produce carbon dioxide, NADH, and a molecule that
contains 2 of the 3 carbons from the pyruvate.
Which product of pyruvate oxidation enters the Krebs cycle?
Choose 1 answer:
Choose 1 answer:
(Choice A)
A
Carbon dioxide
(Choice B)
B
Acetyl-CoA
(Choice C)
C
NADH
(Choice D)
D
Glucose
Identify each of the following molecules as reactants or products of the Krebs cycle.
Reactant
Product
Acetyl CoA
Carbon dioxide
NAD+
NADH
FADH2
FAD
Which of the following statements about the Krebs cycle is most accurate?
Choose 1 answer:
Choose 1 answer:
(Choice A)
A
The Krebs cycle occurs as part of both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.
(Choice B)
B
Oxygen and water are produced in the Krebs cycle.
(Choice C)
C
The Krebs cycle is the first step in cellular respiration.
(Choice D)
D
Not all living things engage in the Krebs cycle.
In the absence of oxygen, some organisms produce ethanol (alcohol) and ATP from
pyruvate and NADH.
What is the name of this anaerobic pathway?
Choose 1 answer:
Choose 1 answer:
(Choice A)
A
Glycolysis
(Choice B, Checked)
B
Alcohol fermentation
(Choice C)
C
Lactic acid fermentation
(Choice D)
D
Krebs cycle
(Choice A, Checked)
A
Carbon dioxide is released only during alcohol fermentation.
(Choice B, Checked)
B
Lactic acid fermentation can occur in large muscles in the human body, while alcohol
fermentation occurs in yeast and some bacteria.
(Choice C, Checked)
C
Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid as a byproduct, and alcohol fermentation
produces ethanol.
(Choice D)
D
Lactic acid fermentation produces a 2-carbon compound, while alcohol fermentation
produces a 3-carbon compound.
(Choice A)
A
When there is not enough oxygen available to undergo aerobic cellular respiration
(Choice B)
B
When the Krebs cycle is moving too slowly
(Choice C)
C
When glucose is available as a reactant
(Choice D)
D
When the cytoplasm is unavailable for cellular respiration
A species of shark reproduces sexually in the wild, but females of this species can reproduce
asexually in captivity.
What is one disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
Choose 1 answer:
Choose 1 answer:
(Choice A)
A
Increased number of males produced
(Choice B)
B
Increased gene recombinations
(Choice C)
C
Decreased genetic diversity within the species
(Choice D)
D
Decreased number of offspring produced
New starfish can develop from broken arms that have detached from the original starfish.
What type of reproduction is this?
Choose 1 answer:
Choose 1 answer:
(Choice A)
A
Binary fission
(Choice B)
B
Sexual reproduction
(Choice C)
C
Fragmentation
(Choice D)
D
Budding
What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen from stigma to anther
The transfer of pollen from stigma to ovary
The transfer of pollen from anther to stigma
How are the pollen grains of insect-pollinated plants adapted for transfer?
They are smooth and light
They are produced in very large amounts
They are sticky or spiky
9
What conditions do seeds need to germinate?
Water only
Oxygen only
By photosynthesis
Some plants, such as strawberries, develop new flowering stems through the use of
aboveground horizontal stems. Which term best describes these structures?
Cuttings
Bulbs
Tubers
Rhizomes
Stolons
B.
Zygote
C.
Two parent
D.
Asexual
2.
Sexual reproduction in plants, as in all organisms, requires__________.
A.
A male and female
B.
Only a male
C.
Only a female
D.
Only small parts of the plant
3.
Spores are produced during the __________ stage of a plant's life cycle.
A.
Gametophyte
B.
Sporophyte
C.
Sexual
D.
Asexual
4.
What special types of cells are produced during the gametophyte stage of a plant's life
cycle?
A.
Sex cells
B.
Zygotes
C.
Spores
D.
Seed cells
5.
One difference between sexual reproduction in plants and animals is that in plants, sex cells
__________.
A.
Are called sperm and egg
B.
Join in a process called fertilization
C.
Unite to form a zygote
D.
Are produced in structures made of haploid cells
6.
The male part of the flower that contains the pollen producing parts is the
Petals
Stamen
Carpels
Sepals
The innermost part of the flower that contains the ovaries that make the ovules to be
fertilized by the pollen are the
A.
Petals
B.
Stamen
C.
Carpels
D.
Sepals
8.
The base of the flower where it is attached to the rest of the plant is the
A.
Pistil
B.
Receptacle
C.
Furit
9.
The colorful parts of the flower within the sepals altogether called the corolla are
A.
Petals
B.
Stamen
C.
Carpels
D.
Sepals
10.
The parts of the flower that are the leaflike outermost layer altogether called the calyx are
the
A.
Petals
B.
Stamen
C.
Carpels
D.
Sepals
11.
A flower that lacks one or more organs is called a(n) __________.
A.
Long-day plant
B.
Complete flower
C.
Incomplete flower
D.
Short-day plant
12.
If a stigma receives pollen from another flower of the same species, the flower is __________.
A.
Cross-pollinated
B.
An incomplete flower
C.
A complete flower
D.
Self-pollinated
14.
Moths feed on flowers that are open at night. These flowers are usually __________.
Discuss
A.
Dull in color with no nectar but a strong scent
B.
Brightly colored and unscented
C.
Pale in color and sweetly scented
D.
Scented like rotting meat
15.
During pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the __________.
A.
Pistil
B.
Ovary
C.
Stamen
D.
Sepal
16.
Pollen is produced by the __________.
A.
Stigma
B.
Ovary
C.
Anther
D.
Style
17.
Nectar-feeding pollinators are attracted to a flower by its color or _____.
A.
Stigma
B.
Sepals
C.
Scent
D.
Pollen
18.
The base of the pistil is the __________.
A.
Style
B.
Sepal
C.
Stamen
D.
Ovary
19.
The flowering plant group which is the biggest in the plant kingdom is
A.
Ferns
B.
Angiosperms
C.
Gymnosperms
20.
Angiosperms differ from mosses, ferns and fungi in that they have
Discuss
A.
True leaves, stems and roots
B.
Mycelium
C.
Fronds
21.
What is the name of the process by which a plant makes it own food?
A.
Reproduction
B.
Respiration
C.
Sunlight
D.
Photosynthesis
22.
These are a type of plant that reproduce by seeds not contained in a flower
A.
Angiosperms
B.
Gymnosperms
C.
Ferns
23.
Cone bearing plants is called _______________.
A.
Fungi
B.
Conifers
C.
Angiosperms
24.
The leaves of confiers are in the form of _____________.
A.
Needles
B.
Fronds
C.
Mycelium
14.
Root
Stem
Flower
Leaf
Stamen
Petal
Leaf
Root
Stamen
Petal
Pistil
Sepal
5. Flowers that contain both male and female reproductive parts are called ...
Complete Flowers
Perfect Flowers
Imperfect Flowers
Total Flowers
6. The part of the plant that houses the ovules or eggs is called the ...
White Water Lily Ovary Section. Credit: Gary Ombler / Getty Images
Ovary
Style
Petal
Filament
7. The part of a flowering plant that produces pollen is called the ...
Close-up of Lily's Stamens (Filaments and Anthers). Credit: WIN-Initiative/Neleman/Getty
Images
Filament
Stigma
Style
Anther
8. What is the leaf-like structure that protects the budding flower called?
Long-tailed Skipper (Urbanus proteus) and Gulf Fritillary (Agraulis vanillae) Butterflies feed on
Mexican Sunflower (Tithonia rotundifolia).. Credit: Jim McKinley / Getty Images
Petals
Filament
Carpel
Ovary
10. After fertilization, this part of a plant eventually becomes the fruit.
It forms a hard outer casing that gives the embryo structure and support.
Reproduction
Digestion
Sucession
Photosynthesis
2. Which of the following strategies are used for cross-pollination?
Transfer by water
Transfer by animals
Transfer by wind
Which of the following terms refers to life coming from other living things?
Abiogenesis Biogenesis
Spontaneous generation Endosymbiosis
Which of the following is NOT true about the light reactions of photosynthesis?
E. The light reactions occur at daytime.
F. The light reactions need chlorophyll molecules.
G. ATP is a product of the light reaction.
H. Carbon dioxide is a raw material in the light reaction.
All, EXCEPT ONE, of the following will happen if plankton is no longer found in seas and
oceans. Which is the exception?
A. Sea animals will have no food.
B. People in coastal areas will lose a source of livelihood.
C. Oxygen in the atmosphere will decrease.
D. Carbon dioxide and water in the atmosphere will decrease.
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take energy from sunlight and convert it into
stored chemical energy.
Which compounds are produced in the light-dependent reactions?
ADP and NADPH
ATP and NADP+
ADP and NADP+
ATP and NADPH
41. Photosynthesis can be divided into two steps: the light-dependent reactions and the
Calvin cycle. Which of the following is true regarding these two steps?
A. During the light-dependent reactions, carbon dioxide is fixed to produce sugars
that form glucose.
B. The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membrane, and the
Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma.
C. The light-dependent reactions use ATP from the Calvin cycle, and the Calvin cycle
uses energy from absorbed sunlight.
D. The Calvin cycle converts water molecules into oxygen gas as a byproduct of its
reactions.