Ysun Kristine M.

Espino G4A

DRUG STUDY

GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME MAJOR DRUG

CATEGORY
Nonnarcotic analgesic,
nonsteroidal anti-
Aspirin Empirin
inflammatory,
antipyretic, antiplatelet
DRUG ACTION USES SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE
REACTIONS
• Rash
Blocks pain impulses in • GI ulcerations
Treatment of mild to
CNS, • Abdominal pain
moderate pain, fever,
Inhibition of prostaglandin • Upset stomach
inflammatory conditions,
synthesis; antipyretic • Heartburn
reduction of risk of TIA or
action results from • Drowsiness
stroke; reduction of risk of
vasodilation of peripheral • Headache
MI on the AD
vessels; • Cramping
decreases platelet • Nausea
aggregation • Gastritis
• bleeding
SIGNIFICANT DRUG USUAL DRUG DOSE CONTRAINDICATIONS
INTERACTION
 Pregnancy or
 ibuprofen (Advil, 80mg/tab 1tab OD lactation
Motrin) or other  Allergy to the specific
non-steroidal anti- drug
inflammatory drugs  Presence of any
(NSAIDs, such as bleeding disorder due
naproxen or to excessive risk of
diclofenac blood loss.
 Unhealed blood
vessels and closed-
head injuries.

NURSINGMEDICATION MANAGEMENT

ASSESSMENT INTERVENTION

 Monitor renal, LFTs and CBC

 Assess pain; type, location and pattern
 Monitor for signs and symptoms of
 Determine history of peptic ulcers or
drug allergy such as difficulty of
bleeding tendencies
breathing, pruritus, and rashes.
Ysun Kristine M. Espino G4A

EDUCATION EVALUATION

1 Instruct client to swallow drug whole and

to take it with food to prevent GI upset No reported or observed abnormal
and promote drug effectivity findings
2 Inform client that he might experience
these common side effects: epigastric
discomfort, nausea, difficulty hearing,
tinnitus or ringing in the ears, vomiting,
and dizziness.

GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME MAJOR DRUG

CATEGORY

Spironolactone Aldactone Potassium Sparing Diuretic

DRUG ACTION USES SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE

REACTIONS

 Drowsiness
Counteract potassium loss  Dizziness
Inhibits the action of
caused by other diuretics
aldosterone thereby  Lightheadedness
causing the kidneys to  Stomach upset
Treats fluid retention
excrete salt and fluid in the
(edema) in people with  Diarrhea
urine while retaining
congestive heart failure,  Nausea or vomiting
potassium
cirrhosis of the liver, or a  Headache
kidney disorder

SIGNIFICANT DRUG USUAL DRUG DOSE CONTRAINDICATIONS

INTERACTION

 Lithium
 ACE inhibitors
 Angiotensin II
receptor blockers
 Digoxin
 Cholestyramine
 Steroids
 Anuria
25mg/tab OD  Acute renal insufficiency
 Progressing impairment
of kidney function
 Hyperkalemia
 Pregnancy and lactation
Ysun Kristine M. Espino G4A

NURSINGMEDICATION MANAGEMENT

ASSESSMENT INTERVENTION

 Assess vital signs

 Monitor daily I&O and check for
 Assess for signs of fluid and electrolyte edema
imbalance, and signs of digoxin toxicity
 Monitor blood pressure at regular
intervals throughout therapy

EDUCATION EVALUATION

1. Instruct client to take with meals

2. Instruct client excessive ingestion of Report lack of diuretic response or
food high in potassium or use of salt development; both may indicate
substitutes tolerance to drugs

GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME MAJOR DRUG

CATEGORY

Furosemide Lasix Loop Diuretic

DRUG ACTION USES SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE

REACTIONS
 Nausea or vomiting.
Treatment of edema  Diarrhea.
associated with CHF, liver
Promote sodium  Constipation.
cirrhosis, and renal
reabsorption at the distal  Stomach cramping.
disease including nephrotic
tubules and increases the  Vertigo
syndrome
loss of potassium and  Dizziness.
hydrogen ions  Headache.
 Blurred vision

SIGNIFICANT DRUG USUAL DRUG DOSE CONTRAINDICATIONS

INTERACTION

 Desmopressin  Anuria
 Ethacrynic acid 40mg/tab q6 PO  Hypersensitivity
 Lithium.  Pregnancy and
lactation
NURSINGMEDICATION MANAGEMENT

ASSESSMENT INTERVENTION
Ysun Kristine M. Espino G4A

 Asses vital signs

 Assess fluid status
 Assess patient for skin rash frequently
during therapy
 Assess patients receiving digoxin for
anorexia, nausea, vomiting, muscle
cramps, paresthesia, and confusion.
 Assess patient for tinnitus and hearing
loss
EDUCATION
 Measure and record weight to monitor
fluid change
 Monitor serum electrolytes, hydration,
liver and renal function
 Monitor BP and pulse before and
during administration.
EVALUATION

1. Caution patient to change positions

slowly to minimize orthostatic
hypotension
2. Instruct client to take with meal
3. Inform patient that they may
experience side effects
Discontinue furosemide at first sign
of rash; may be life-threatening.
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic
epidermal necrolysis, or erythema
multiforme may develop. Treat
symptomatically; may recur once
treatment is stopped

GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME MAJOR DRUG

CATEGORY

Ketoanalogue Ketosterile Supplement

DRUG ACTION USES SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE

REACTIONS
Supplements indicated for
Allows the intake of
patients having urologic
essential amino acids
problems like chronic  Hypercalcemia may
while minimizing the
kidney disease develop
amino-nitrogen intake

SIGNIFICANT DRUG USUAL DRUG DOSE CONTRAINDICATIONS

INTERACTION

NONE  Hypercalcemia
1 tab TID  Disturbed amino acid
metabolism

NURSINGMEDICATION MANAGEMENT

ASSESSMENT INTERVENTION
Ysun Kristine M. Espino G4A

 Monitor vital signs

 Asses electrolyte levels
 Monitor calcium levels
 Assess allergy to drug
 Monitor signs of hypercalcemia
 Assess vital signs
and electrolyte levels

EDUCATION EVALUATION
1. Caution client of the different side
effects Report immediately if symptoms of
2. Instruct client to take with food to hypercalcemia occurs like muscle
prevent GI upset weakness, constipation
3. Advise client to swallow the tablet
whole

GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME MAJOR DRUG

CATEGORY

Vitamin D3 Calcierol Fat-soluble vitamin

DRUG ACTION USES SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE

REACTIONS

facilitate the intestinal Used in kidney disease to

absorption of calcium, by
stimulating the expression
of proteins involved in
calcium transport
keep calcium levels normal
No known side effects
and allow normal bone
growth.

SIGNIFICANT DRUG USUAL DRUG DOSE CONTRAINDICATIONS

INTERACTION

 Calcium  High Calcium Levels.

supplements 800 IU 1 cap OD  Sarcoidosis.
 Antacids  Tuberculosis.
 Corticosteroids  Parathyroid disease.
 Thiazide diuretics  Having an Organ
 Digoxin Transplant

NURSINGMEDICATION MANAGEMENT

ASSESSMENT INTERVENTION
Ysun Kristine M. Espino G4A

 Determine baseline and periodic values

 Monitor serum calcium
for serum calcium, phosphorus,
 Monitor for manifestations of
magnesium, and alkaline phosphatase
hypercalcemia
 Assess patient history

EDUCATION EVALUATION

1. Advice patient to do not take this If hypercalcemia occurs, discontinue

drug if experiencing S&S of calcifediol until serum calcium returns to
hypercalcemia norma

Report a fall in serum alkaline

phosphatase as this usually signals the
onset of hypercalcemia

GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME MAJOR DRUG

CATEGORY

Sevelamer Renagel Phosphate binders

DRUG ACTION USES SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE

REACTIONS
 Diarrhea
Used to lower high blood  Dyspepsia
A polymer that binds phosphorous levels in  Vomiting
phosphate in the GI tract, patients on dialysis due to  Constipation
preventing its absorption CKD  Flatulence
 Nausea

SIGNIFICANT DRUG USUAL DRUG DOSE CONTRAINDICATIONS

INTERACTION

 Vitamin D3  Vitamin D Deficiency

 Calcium carbonate 800mg/tab TID  Stomach or Intestinal
 Aspirin Tract Operation
 Dialyvite  Stomach or Intestine
 Levothyroxine Blockage
 Renal Caps  Difficulty Swallowing
 Severe constipation
 Decreased Motility
Function of Stomach or
Intestines
Ysun Kristine M. Espino G4A

NURSINGMEDICATION MANAGEMENT

ASSESSMENT INTERVENTION

 Monitor serum phosphorous, calcium,

 Asses serum phosphorous, calcium, bi
bi carbonate, and chloride levels
carbonate, and chloride levels
periodically during therapy
 Assess GI tract

EDUCATION EVALUATION

1. Instruct patient to take with meals

2. Caution patient to space concurrent Notify health care professional if GI
medications at least 1 hr before or effects are severe or prolonged
3hrs after sevelamer
3. Instruct patient to not break, chew, or
crush tablets

GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME MAJOR DRUG

CATEGORY

Warfarin sodium Coumadin Anticoagulant

DRUG ACTION USES SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE

REACTIONS
 Dermal necrosis
Used for the prevention of  Cramps
Interferes with hepatic
thromboembolic events  Nausea
synthesis of vitamin K-
dependent clotting factors  Calciphylaxis
(II, VII, IX, and X).  Bleeding
 Fever

SIGNIFICANT DRUG USUAL DRUG DOSE CONTRAINDICATIONS

INTERACTION

 Androgens
 Fluoroquinolones
 Sulfonamides
 NSAIDs
 Aspirin
 Barbiturates
 Uncontrolled
2.5mg/tab bleeding
½ tab once a day PO  Open wounds
 Active ulcer disease
 Recent brain, eye, or
spinal cord injury or
Ysun Kristine M. Espino G4A

surgery
 Severe liver or kidney
disease
 Uncontrolled
hypertension

NURSINGMEDICATION MANAGEMENT

ASSESSMENT INTERVENTION
 Monitor PT, INR and other clotting
factors frequently during therapy
 Monitor hepatic function and CBC
 Assess for signs of bleeding and
before and periodically throughout
hemorrhage
therapy.
 Assess for evidence of additional or
 Monitor stool and urine for occult
increased thrombosis
blood before and periodically during
therapy.

EDUCATION EVALUATION
1. Instruct patient to take medication as If overdose occurs or anticoagulation
directed needs to be immediately reversed, the
2. Advise patient to avoid cranberry antidote is vitamin K (phytonadione,
juice or products during therapy. Aquamephyton). Administration of whole
3. Caution patient to avoid IM injections blood or plasma also may be required in
and activities leading to injury severe bleeding because of the delayed
4. Advise patient to report any onset of vitamin K.
symptoms of unusual bleeding or
bruising
5. Instruct patient not to drink alcohol or
take other Rx, OTC, or herbal
products, especially those containing
aspirin or NSAIDs, or to start or stop
any new medications during warfarin
therapy without advice of health care
professional

GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME MAJOR DRUG

CATEGORY

Trimetazidine Vastarel Anti-ischemic

DRUG ACTION USES SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE

REACTIONS
Ysun Kristine M. Espino G4A

Improves myocardial
Indicated for acute angina
glucose utilization through  Nausea and vomiting
attacks and prevent that
inhibition of fatty acid  Headache
may cause it
metabolism, also known  Edema
as fatty acid oxidation
inhibitor.
SIGNIFICANT DRUG USUAL DRUG DOSE CONTRAINDICATIONS
INTERACTION

 Metaclopramide  Parkinson’s disease

35mg 1 tab BID PO  Allergic to
Trimetazidine or any
other medicine
 Pregnant or breast
feeding
 Severe kidney
problem
NURSINGMEDICATION MANAGEMENT

ASSESSMENT INTERVENTION

 Asses vital signs

 Assess for hypersensitivity to
 Monitor blood pressure and after
trimetazidine, with heart failure and
giving the meds
pregnancy

EDUCATION EVALUATION

1. Advise patient of the side effects of

the drug Notify prescribing signs of heart failure
2. Instruct to take after a meal with a such as swelling of hands and feet or
full glass of water SOB

GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME MAJOR DRUG

CATEGORY
Fluimucil Mucolytic Agent
Acetylcysteine
DRUG ACTION USES SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE
Ysun Kristine M. Espino G4A

REACTIONS

Treatment of respiratory  Bronchospasm

affections characterized by  Angioedema
thick and viscous  Rashes and pruritus
Exerts mucolytic action
hypersecretions: acute
through its free sulfhydryl  Nausea and vomiting
bronchitis, chronic
group which opens up the  Fever
bronchitis and its
disulfide bonds in the  Syncope
exacerbations; pulmonary
mucoproteins thus
emphysema,  Sweating
lowering mucous viscosity.
mucoviscidosis and  Arthralgia
bronchiectasis.  blurred vision
 Disturbances of liver
function

SIGNIFICANT DRUG USUAL DRUG DOSE CONTRAINDICATIONS

INTERACTION

 Charcoal  MAO inhibitor therapy

 Ifosfamide 600mg 1 tab OD within 14 days initiating
therapy
 Severe hypertension
 Coronary artery disease
 Hypersensitivity to
pseudoedephrine
 Renal impairment.
NURSINGMEDICATION MANAGEMENT

ASSESSMENT INTERVENTION
 Monitor for S&S of aspiration of
excess secretions, and for
 Asses vital signs bronchospasm
 Assess ABGs, pulmonary functions and  Monitor ABGs, pulmonary functions
pulse oximetry as indicated and pulse oximetry as indicated
  monitor for fluid overload and signs of
hyponatremia

EDUCATION EVALUATION

1. Report difficulty with clearing the

airway or any other respiratory No reported or observed abnormal
distress. findings
2. Report nausea, as an antiemetic
may be indicated
Ysun Kristine M. Espino G4A

GENERIC NAME BRAND NAME MAJOR DRUG

CATEGORY
Alpha- and beta-adrenergic
Carvedilol Coreg
blocker
DRUG ACTION USES SIDE EFFECTS/ADVERSE
REACTIONS
Reversibly binds to beta
adrenergic receptors on  Postural hypotension
Management of
cardiac monocytes.
Hypertension and angina  Dizziness
Inhibition of these
pectoris also an adjunct to  Headache
receptors prevents a
standard therapy in  Fatigue
response to the
sympathetic nervous
symptomatic heart failure  GI upset
system, leading to  Bradycardia
decreased heart rate and
contractility.
SIGNIFICANT DRUG USUAL DRUG DOSE CONTRAINDICATIONS
INTERACTION

 Theophylline  Severe bradycardia

 Digoxin 6.25mg/tab 1 tab BID  Shock
 Amiodarone  Asthma
 Rifampin  History of chronic
 Cimetidine obstructive airway
 Clonidine disease
 Hepatic impairment

NURSINGMEDICATION MANAGEMENT

ASSESSMENT INTERVENTION

 Asses vital signs  Monitor BP and PR

 Assess client for S&S of fluid overload  Monitor intake and output ratios
 Assess for orthostatic hypotension and daily weight.

EDUCATION EVALUATION
Ysun Kristine M. Espino G4A

1. Advise patient to change positions

slowly to minimize orthostatic No reported or observed abnormal
hypotension findings
2. Advise patient to notify health care
professional if slow pulse, difficulty
breathing, wheezing, cold hands and
feet, dizziness, confusion,
depression, rash, fever, sore throat,
unusual bleeding, or bruising occurs.