Halifax, Nova Scotia

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Halifax

K'jipuktuk (Mi'kmaq)

Provincial capital municipality

Halifax Regional Municipality

Clockwise from top: Downtown Halifax skyline, Crystal Crescent

Beach, Central Library, Sullivan's Pond, Peggy's
Cove, Macdonald Bridge
 Flag

Coat of arms

Motto(s):

"E Mari Merces" (Latin)

"From the Sea, Wealth"

Location in Nova Scotia

 Halifax

Location in Canada

Show map of CanadaShow map of Nova ScotiaShow all

Coordinates: 44°38′52″N 63°34′17″W Coordinates:

44°38′52″N 63°34′17″W

Country Canada
Province Nova Scotia

Regional Municipality April 1, 1996

City 1842
Town 1749
Named for George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of
Halifax

Government
• Type Regional municipality
• Mayor Mike Savage
• Governing body Halifax Regional Council
• MPs
List of MPs[show]
• MLAs
List of MLAs[show]

Area
(2016)[1][2]
• Land 5,490.35 km2(2,119.84 sq mi)
• Urban 234.72 km2 (90.63 sq mi)
• Metro 5,496.31 km2(2,122.14 sq mi)

Highest elevation 241.9 m (793.6 ft)

 Lowest elevation 0 m (0 ft)

Population
(2016)[1]
• Provincial capital 403,131 (14th)
municipality
• Density 73.4/km2 (190/sq mi)
• Urban 316,701
• Urban density 1,349.3/km2 (3,495/sq mi)
• Metro 403,390 (13th)
• Metro density 73.4/km2 (190/sq mi)
• Change 2011-2016 3.3%
• Census ranking 14 of 5,162

Demonym(s) Haligonian

Time zone UTC−4 (AST)

• Summer (DST) UTC−3 (ADT)

Postal code span B0J ,B3A to B4G

Area codes 902, 782

Dwellings (2016)[1][2] 187,338

Median Income* $54,129 CAD
Total Coastline 2400 km (1491 mi)
NTS Map 011D13
GNBC Code CBUCG

Website www.halifax.ca

 Median household income, 2005 (all households)

Halifax, formally known as the Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM), is the capital of the
Canadian province of Nova Scotia. It had a population of 403,131 in 2016, with 316,701 in
the urban area centred on Halifax Harbour.[3][4] The regional municipality consists of four former
municipalities that were amalgamated in 1996: Halifax, Dartmouth, Bedford, and Halifax County.
Halifax is a major economic centre in Atlantic Canada with a large concentration of government
services and private sector companies. Major employers and economic generators include
the Department of National Defence, Dalhousie University, Saint Mary's University, the Halifax
Shipyard, various levels of government, and the Port of Halifax.
Agriculture, fishing, mining, forestry and natural gas extraction are major resource industries
found in the rural areas of the municipality.

Contents

 1History
 2Geography
o 2.1Topography
o 2.2Climate
 3Cityscape and neighbourhoods
o 3.1Architecture
 o 3.2Public spaces
o 3.3Rural area
o 3.4Urban area
 4Culture
o 4.1Tourism
o 4.2Sports
o 4.3Media
o 4.4Religion
 5Demographics
o 5.1Ethnic origins
o 5.2Religious belief
 6Economy
 7Government
 8Education
 9Transportation
 10Sister cities
 11Notable Haligonians
 12See also
 13Notes
 14References
 15Further reading
 16External links

History[edit]
Main articles: History of the Halifax Regional Municipality; History of Halifax (former city); History
of Dartmouth, Nova Scotia; Bedford, Nova Scotia; and Halifax County, Nova Scotia
Halifax is located within the traditional ancestral lands of the Mi'kmaq indigenous peoples, known
as Mi'kma'ki.[5] The Mi'kmaq have resided in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward
Island since prior to European landings in North America in the 1400s and 1500s to set up
fisheries. The Mi'kmaq name for Halifax is K'jipuktuk, pronounced "che-book-took".[6]

Wooden palisade erected along Dartmouth in response to the raid on Dartmouth, opposite side of the
harbour from the Great Pontack, during Father Le Loutre's War, 1759.
The first permanent European settlement in the region was on the Halifax Peninsula. The
establishment of the Town of Halifax, named after the 2nd Earl of Halifax, in 1749 led to the
colonial capital being transferred from Annapolis Royal.
The establishment of Halifax marked the beginning of Father Le Loutre's War. The war began
when Edward Cornwallis arrived to establish Halifax with 13 transports and a sloop of war on
June 21, 1749.[7]By unilaterally establishing Halifax, the British were violating earlier treaties with
the Mi'kmaq (1726), which were signed after Father Rale's War.[8] Cornwallis brought along 1,176
settlers and their families. To guard against Mi'kmaq, Acadian and French attacks on the new
Protestant settlements, British fortifications were erected in Halifax (Citadel Hill) (1749), Bedford
(Fort Sackville) (1749), Dartmouth (1750), and Lawrencetown (1754), all areas within the
modern-day Regional Municipality. St. Margaret's Bay was first settled by French-
speaking Foreign Protestants at French Village, Nova Scotia who migrated from Lunenburg,
Nova Scotia during the American Revolution.
December 1917 saw one of the greatest disasters in Canadian history, when the SS Mont-Blanc,
a French cargo ship carrying munitions, collided with the Belgian Relief vessel SS Imo in "The
Narrows" between upper Halifax Harbour and Bedford Basin. The resulting explosion, the Halifax
Explosion, devastated the Richmond District of Halifax, killing approximately 2,000 people and
injuring nearly 9,000 others.[9] The blast was the largest artificial explosion before the
development of nuclear weapons.[10] Significant aid came from Boston, strengthening the bond
between the two coastal cities.

Aftermath of the Halifax Explosion, a maritime disaster that devastated the city in 1917.
The four municipalities in the Halifax urban area had been coordinating service delivery through
the Metropolitan Authority since the late 1970s, but remained independent towns and cities until
April 1, 1996, when the provincial government amalgamated all municipal governments
within Halifax County to create the Halifax Regional Municipality. The municipal boundary thus
now includes all of Halifax County except for several First Nation reserves.[11]
Since amalgamation, the region has officially been known as the Halifax Regional Municipality
(HRM), although "Halifax" has remained in common usage for brevity. On April 15, 2014, the
regional council approved the implementation of a new branding campaign for the region
developed by the local firm Revolve Marketing. The campaign would see the region referred to in
promotional materials simply as "Halifax", although "Halifax Regional Municipality" would remain
the region's official name. The proposed rebranding was met with mixed reaction from residents,
some of whom felt that the change would alienate other communities in the municipality through
a perception that the marketing scheme would focus on Metropolitan Halifax only, while others
expressed relief that the longer formal name would no longer be primary. Mayor Mike Savage
defended the decision, stating: "I'm a Westphal guy, I'm a Dartmouth man, but Halifax is my city,
we’re all part of Halifax. Why does that matter? Because when I go and travel on behalf of this
municipality, there isn’t a person out there who really cares what HRM means."[12][13][14]

Geography[edit]
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Unlike most municipalities with a sizeable metropolitan area, the Halifax Regional Municipality's
suburbs have been completely incorporated into the "central" municipality, often by referendum.
For example, the community of Spryfield, in the Mainland South area, voted to amalgamate with
Halifax in 1968. The most recent amalgamation, which brought the entirety of Halifax County into
the Municipality, has created a situation where a large "rural commutershed" area encompasses
almost half the municipality's landmass.
Topography[edit]

The coastline of Halifax from Duncan's Cove. The city has a significant length of coastline due to its heavy
indentation.
The Halifax Regional Municipality occupies an area of 5,577 km2 (2,153 sq mi),[15] which is
approximately 10% of the total land area of Nova Scotia. The land area of HRM is comparable in
size to the total land area of the province of Prince Edward Island, and measures approximately
165 km (103 mi) in length between its eastern and western-most extremities, excluding Sable
Island. The nearest point of land to Sable Island is not in HRM, but rather in
adjacent Guysborough County. However, Sable Island is considered part of District 7 of the
Halifax Regional Council.
The coastline is heavily indented, accounting for its length of approximately 400 km (250 mi),
with the northern boundary of the municipality usually being between 50–60 km (31–37 mi)
inland. The coast is mostly rock with small isolated sand beaches in sheltered bays. The largest
coastal features include St. Margarets Bay, Halifax Harbour/Bedford Basin, Cole
Harbour, Musquodoboit Harbour, Jeddore Harbour, Ship Harbour, Sheet Harbour, and Ecum
Secum Harbour. The municipality's topography spans from lush farmland in the Musquodoboit
Valley to rocky and heavily forested rolling hills. It includes a number of islands and peninsulas,
among them McNabs Island, Beaver Island, Melville Island, Deadman's Islandand Sable Island.
Climate[edit]
Halifax has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), bordering on an oceanic climate, with
warm summers and relatively mild winters, which is due to Gulf Stream moderation.
The weather is usually milder in the winter or cooler in the summer than areas at similar latitudes
inland, with the temperature remaining (with occasional notable exceptions) between about
−8 °C (18 °F) and 24 °C (75 °F).[16] January is the coldest month, being the only month with a
high that is slightly below freezing at −0.1 °C (31.8 °F), while August is the warmest. The sea
heavily influences the climate of the area, causing significant seasonal lag in summer, with
August being significantly warmer than June and with September being the third mildest month in
terms of mean temperature.[17] The January mean is only 1.1 °C (2.0 °F) colder than the isotherm
for the oceanic climate.
Snowfall in Halifax is heavy during the winter, although snow cover is usually patchy owing to the frequent
freeze-thaw cycles.
Precipitation is high year-round. Winter features a mix of rain, freezing rain and snow with
frequent freeze-thaw cycles. Snowfall is heavy in winter, but snow cover is usually patchy owing
to the frequent freeze-thaw cycles, which melt accumulated snow. Some winters feature colder
temperatures and fewer freeze-thaw cycles; the most recent of which being the winter of 2014–
2015, which was the coldest, snowiest and stormiest in about a century. Spring is often wet and
cool and arrives much later than in areas of Canada at similar latitudes, due to cooler sea
temperatures. Summers are mild and pleasant, with hot and humid conditions very infrequent.
Warm, pleasant conditions often extend well into September, sometimes into mid-October.
Average monthly precipitation is highest from November to February due to intense late-fall to
winter storms migrating from the Northeastern U.S., and lowest in summer, with August being
the year's warmest and driest month on average. Halifax can sometimes receive hurricanes,
mostly between August and October. An example is when Hurricane Juan, a category 2 storm,
hit in September 2003 and caused considerable damage to the region. Hurricane Earl grazed the
coast as a category 1 storm in 2010. Atlantic sea surface temperatures have risen in recent
years, making Halifax and the coast of Nova Scotia somewhat more susceptible to hurricanes
than the area had been in the past.
The highest temperature ever recorded in the city of Halifax was 37.2 °C (99 °F) on July, 10
1912,[18] and the lowest temperature recorded was −29.4 °C (−21 °F) on February 18,
1922.[19] The March 2012 North American heat wave brought unusually high temperatures to the
city of Halifax. On March 22, the mercury climbed to 28.2 °C (82.8 °F) at the Halifax Windsor
Park weather station,[20] and 27.2 °C (81 °F) at Halifax Stanfield International Airport.[21] In spite of
the possibility of high temperatures, in a normal year there is only one day that goes above 30 °C
(86 °F).[22] Halifax also has a modest frost count by Canadian standards due to the maritime
influence, averaging 131 air frosts and 49 full days below freezing annually.[22] On average the
frost-free period is 182 days, ranging from May 1 to October 31.[22]

showClimate data for Halifax (Citadel Hill), 1981–2010 norm

showClimate data for Halifax Stanfield International Airport, 1981−

Cityscape and neighbourhoods[edit]

Main article: Communities in the Halifax Regional Municipality
A map of Halifax's Community Planning Areas.
The Halifax Regional Municipality is an amalgamation of four municipal governments in the
urban and rural areas. There are over 200 official rural and urban communities within Halifax
County that have maintained their original geographic names, including the dissolved cities of
Halifax and Dartmouth and the town of Bedford.[39] These community names are used on survey
and mapping documents, for 9-1-1 service, municipal planning, and postal service.
The Halifax Regional Municipality is divided into eighteen community planning areas which are
further divided into neighbourhoods or villages.[40] The regional municipality has taken steps to
reduce duplicate street names for its 9-1-1 emergency dispatch services; at the time of
amalgamation, some street names were duplicated several times throughout the municipality.[41]
Halifax is famed for the quality of several of its neighbourhoods. Spring Garden, adjacent to
downtown Halifax, is a lively mixed-use neighbourhood with a variety of shopping and
entertainment options as well as the new Halifax Central Library. The area has seen an uptick in
development over the past few years, with new housing being built on most of the surface
parking lots. The North End is a multicultural and artistic neighbourhood with a long history
centred on several community nodes including the venerable Gottingen Street
and Hydrostone commercial areas. The Quinpool District forms the community centre of
the West End. Downtown Dartmouth offers dining and shopping, and has also been subject to
revitalization with the redevelopment of the Dartmouth Marine Slips as the King's Wharf housing
area. North Preston, just outside Dartmouth, is Canada's largest and oldest black community.
Halifax is also known for its high walkability, particularly on the Halifax Peninsula, where 25-50%
of residents regularly walk to work.[42] Unlike numerous other North American cities, expressways
were never built in the urban core (with the exception of the truncated Harbour Drive), resulting in
high pedestrian connectivity. Peninsular Halifax is also mixed-use, contributing to an elevated
quality of urban convenience and vibrancy as compared to suburban districts with highly
segregated land use and car-oriented transportation networks. In recent years, the city has also
begun to place increased emphasis on developing bicycling infrastructure.
Architecture[edit]
Main article: Buildings and structures in Halifax, Nova Scotia
Further information: List of tallest buildings in Halifax, Nova Scotia

The Halifax Town Clockoverlooks most of the structures in downtown Halifax.

Halifax's urban core is home to a number of regional landmark buildings and retains significant
historic buildings and districts. Downtown office towers are overlooked by the fortress of Citadel
Hill with its iconic Halifax Town Clock.
The architecture of Halifax's South End is renowned for its grand Victorian houses while
the West End and North End, Halifax have many blocks of well-preserved wooden residential
houses with notable features such as the "Halifax Porch". Dalhousie University's campus is often
featured in films and documentaries. Surrounding areas of the municipality, including Dartmouth
and Bedford, also possess their share of historic neighbourhoods and properties.
The urban core is home to several blocks of typical North American high-rise office buildings;
however, segments of the downtown are governed by height restrictions which prevent buildings
from obstructing certain sight lines between Citadel Hill and the Halifax Harbour. This has
resulted in some modern high rises being built at unusual angles or locations.
Public spaces[edit]
Main article: Parks in Halifax, Nova Scotia
The Halifax area has a variety of public spaces, ranging from urban gardens, public squares,
expansive forested parks, and historic sites. The original grid plan devised when Halifax was
founded in 1749 included a central military parade square, the Grand Parade. The square hosts
the City Hall at one end, and is a popular site for concerts, political demonstrations, as well as
the annual Remembrance Day ceremony at the central cenotaph. Another popular downtown
public space is the timber Halifax Boardwalk, which stretches approximately 3 km (1.9 mi) and is
integrated with several squares and monuments.
Halifax Public Gardens is a Victorian era public garden in the city. The Gardens was designated as
a National Historic Sites of Canada in 1984.
The Halifax Common, granted for the use of citizens in 1763, is Canada's oldest public
park.[43] Centrally located on the Halifax peninsula, the wide fields are a popular location for
sports. The slopes of Citadel Hill, overlooking downtown, are favoured by sunbathers and kite-
flyers. The Halifax Public Gardens, a short walk away, are Victorian era public gardens formally
established in 1867 and designated a National Historic Site in 1984. Victoria Park, across the
street, contains various monuments and statues erected by the North British Society, as well as
a fountain. In contrast to the urban parks, the expansive Point Pleasant Park at the southern tip
of the peninsula is heavily forested and contains the remains of numerous British fortifications.
Located on the opposite side of the harbour, the Dartmouth Commons is a large park next
to Downtown Dartmouth laid out in the 1700s. It is home to the Leighton Dillman gardens and
various sports grounds. Nearby, the Dartmouth waterfront trail stretches from Downtown
Dartmouth to Woodside. Among residents of central Dartmouth, the area around Sullivan's
Pond and Lake Banook is popular for strolling and paddling. The forested Shubie Park, through
which the historic Shubenacadie Canal runs, is a major park in suburban Dartmouth.
Mainland Halifax is home to several significant parks, including Sir Sandford Fleming Park, gifted
to the people of Halifax by Sir Sandford Fleming. It houses the Dingle Tower, dedicated in 1912
by the Duke of Connaught to commemorate 150 years of representative government in Nova
Scotia. The Mainland Common, in Clayton Park, is a modern park home to various sports and
community facilities. Long Lake Provincial Park, comprising more than 2,000 hectares, was
designated in 1984 and affords Halifax residents access to a scenic wilderness in close proximity
to the city.[44]
Rural area[edit]

Urban, suburban, and rural divisions as defined by HRM planning department.[45] The majority of Halifax is
made up of rural areas.
Halifax is centred on the urban core and surrounded by areas of decreasing population density.
Rural areas lie to the east, west and north of the urban core. The Atlantic Ocean lies to the
south. Certain rural communities on the urban fringe function as suburban or exurban areas, with
the majority of those residents commuting to and working in the urban core.
Farther away, rural communities in the municipality function like any resource-based area in
Nova Scotia, being sparsely populated and their local economies developing around four major
resource industries: agriculture, in the Musquodoboit Valley, fishing, along the coast, mining, in
the Musquodoboit Valley[46] and in Moose River Gold Mines[47] and forestry, in most areas outside
the urban core. Also, the tourism industry is beginning to change how some rural communities in
Halifax function, particularly in communities such as Hubbards, Peggys Cove, with its notable
lighthouse[48] and Lawrencetown, with Lawrencetown Beach.[49] There are two other large
beaches along the coast, Martinique Beach, near Musquodoboit Harbour[50] and Taylor Head
Beach, located in Spry Bay, within the boundaries of Taylor Head Provincial Park.[51]
The northeastern area of the municipality, centred on Sheet Harbour and the Musquodoboit
Valley, is completely rural, with that area sharing more in common with the adjacent rural areas
of neighbouring Guysborough, Pictou and Colchester counties. Most economic activity in the
Musquodoboit Valley is based around agriculture, as it is the largest farming district in the
HRM.[52] Most coastal communities are based around the fishing industry. Forestry is prevalent in
this area as well. It is also prevalent in the Musquodoboit Valley, but it takes a backseat to the
more prevalent agricultural industry.[52]

View of Purdy's Wharf, an office complex in Metropolitan Halifax.

Urban area[edit]
Metropolitan Halifax is a term used to describe the urban concentration surrounding Halifax
Harbour, including the Halifax Peninsula, the core of Dartmouth, and the Bedford-Sackville
areas. It is the Statistics Canada "population centre" of Halifax (2016 pop: 316,701).[53] The dense
urban core is centred on the Halifax Peninsula and the area of Dartmouth inside of
the Circumferential Highway. The suburban area stretches into areas known as Mainland
Halifax to the west, Cole Harbour to the east, and Bedford, Lower Sackville and Windsor
Junction areas to the north.[54]
This urban area is the most populous on Canada's Atlantic coast, and the second largest coastal
population centre in the country after Vancouver, British Columbia. Halifax currently accounts for
40% of Nova Scotia's population, and 15% of that of Atlantic Canada. Metropolitan Halifax
benefits from a process of increased rural depopulation and corresponding urban growth in
Atlantic Canada during the late 20th century—a demographic shift that was delayed several
decades in the region compared with other parts of North America.

Culture[edit]
Main article: Culture of Halifax, Nova Scotia
Halifax is home to the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, the largest art gallery in Atlantic Canada.
Halifax is a major cultural centre within the Atlantic provinces. The city has maintained many of
its maritime and military traditions, while opening itself to a growing multicultural population. The
municipality's urban core also benefits from a large population of post-secondary students who
strongly influence the local cultural scene. Halifax has a number of art galleries, theatres and
museums, as well as most of the region's national-quality sports and entertainment facilities.
Halifax is also the home to many of the region's major cultural attractions, such as Halifax Pop
Explosion, Symphony Nova Scotia, the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, The Khyber, the Maritime
Museum of the Atlantic and the Neptune Theatre. The region is noted for the strength of its
music scene and nightlife, especially in the central urban core. See List of musical groups from
Halifax, Nova Scotia for a partial list.

The Historic Properties are a collection of historical buildings on Halifax's boardwalk.

Halifax hosts a wide variety of festivals that take place throughout the year, including the Atlantic
Film Festival, the Royal Nova Scotia International Tattoo, the Halifax International Busker
Festival, Greekfest, the Atlantic Jazz Festival, the Multicultural Festival, the largest Canada Day
celebration east of Ottawa, Natal Day, the Halifax Pop Explosion, periodic Tall Ship
events, Nocturne Festival, and Shakespeare by the Sea, to name a few. Halifax Prideis the
largest LGBT event in Atlantic Canada and one of the largest in the country. Many of Halifax's
festivals and annual events have become world-renowned over the past several years.
Halifax is home to many performance venues, namely the Rebecca Cohn Auditorium,
the Neptune Theatre, and The Music Room. The Neptune Theatre, a 43-year-old establishment
located on Argyle Street, is Halifax's largest theatre. It performs an assortment of professionally
produced plays year-round. The Shakespeare by the Sea theatre company performs at
nearby Point Pleasant Park. Eastern Front Theatre performs at Alderney
Landing in DowntownDartmouth which can easily be accessed via the Halifax
Transit ferry service. There are smaller performance venues at the Halifax Central
Library, Citadel High School (Spatz Theatre), and Halifax West High School (Bella Rose Arts
Centre).
Halifax has also become a significant film-production centre, with many American and Canadian
filmmakers using the streetscapes, often to stand in for other cities that are more expensive to
work in. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation has its Atlantic Canada production centres
(radio and television) based in Halifax, and quite a number of radio and television programs are
made in the region for national broadcast.
The new Halifax Central Library on Spring Garden Road has received accolades for its
architecture and has been described as a new cultural locus, offering many community facilities
including a 300-seat auditorium.
Tourism[edit]

The community of Peggy's Cove is a major tourist attraction.

Halifax's tourism industry showcases Nova Scotia's culture, scenery and coastline. There are
several museums and art galleries in downtown Halifax. The Canadian Museum of Immigration
at Pier 21, an immigrant entry point prominent throughout the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, was
opened to the public as a National Historic Site of Canada in 1999 and is the only national
museum in the Atlantic provinces. The Maritime Museum of the Atlantic is a maritime
museum containing extensive galleries including a large exhibit on the famous Titanic, over 70
small craft and a 200-foot (61 m) steamship CSS Acadia. In summertime the preserved World
War II corvette HMCS Sackville operates as a museum ship and Canada's naval memorial.
The Art Gallery of Nova Scotia is housed in a 150-year-old building containing over 9000 works
of art. The Black Cultural Centre for Nova Scotia in Dartmouth reflects the region's rich ethnic
heritage.

The Halifax Boardwalk is a public footpath along Halifax Harbour.

Halifax has numerous National Historic Sites, most notably Citadel Hill (Fort George). Just
outside the urban area, the iconic Peggys Cove is internationally recognized and receives more
than 600,000 visitors a year.[55]
The waterfront in Downtown Halifax is the site of the Halifax Harbourwalk, a 3-kilometre
(2 mi) boardwalk popular amongst tourists and locals alike. Many mid-sized ships dock here at
one of the many wharfs. The harbourwalk is home to a Halifax Transit ferry terminal, hundreds of
stores, Historic Properties, several office buildings, the Casino Nova Scotia, and several public
squares where buskers perform, most prominently at the annual Halifax International Busker
Festival every August.
Downtown Halifax, home to many small shops and vendors, is a major shopping area. It is also
home to several shopping centres, including Scotia Square, Barrington Place Shops,
and Maritime Mall. Numerous malls on Spring Garden Road, including the Park Lane Mall, are
also located nearby. The area is home to approximately 200 restaurants and bars, offering a
wide array of world cuisines.[56] There are also more than 60 sidewalk cafes that open in the
summer months. The nightlife is made up of bars and small music venues as well as Casino
Nova Scotia, a large facility built partially over the water.
Cruise ships visit the province frequently. In 2015, the Port of Halifax welcomed 141 vessel calls
with 222,309 passengers.[57]
Sports[edit]
Main article: Sport in Halifax, Nova Scotia

The Scotiabank Centre is the largest multi-purpose sporting arena in Atlantic Canada.
Halifax has various recreational areas, including ocean and lake beaches and rural and urban
parks. It has a host of organized community intramural sports at various facilities. Public schools
and post-secondary institutions offer varsity and intramural sports.
The Scotiabank Centre is largest arena in Atlantic Canada. It plays host to most of the major
sporting events and concerts that visit Halifax and is home to several semi-professional sport
franchises, including the Halifax Hurricanes of the NBL Canada and the Halifax Mooseheads of
the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The Royal Nova Scotia International Tattoo is held
here every year. The facility is connected to the Downtown Halifax Link, and directly to the World
Trade and Convention Centre.
The region has hosted several major sporting events, including the 2003 World Junior Hockey
Championship, 2003 Nokia Brier, the 2004 Women's World Ice Hockey Championships, the
2005 Canadian Olympic Curling Trials, and 2007 World Indoor Lacrosse Championship. From
1984 to 2007, the region was home to the CIS Men's Basketball Championship; the tournament
was moved to Ottawa, Ontario, from 2008 to 2010 and returned to Halifax in 2011 and 2012.
The 2008 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships was held between May 2 and 18, 2008, in
Halifax and Quebec City.
Halifax was selected in 2006 as the host city in Canada's bid for the 2014 Commonwealth
Games but withdrew on March 8, 2007, well before the November 9, 2007 selection date, citing
financial uncertainties. In February 2011, the municipality hosted the 2011 Canada Winter
Games.
On May 26, 2013, the Halifax Mooseheads capped a 74-win season (going 74-7-3-1[58]) by
defeating the Portland Winterhawks 6-4 in the MasterCard Memorial Cup Final, earning their first
Memorial Cup in the process.[59]
Halifax is also home to several rugby clubs, the Halifax Rugby Football Club, Halifax Tars,
Dartmouth PigDogs, Riverlake Ramblers and the Eastern Shore Rugby Football Club. The
Halifax Gaels are the local Hurling and Gaelic Football team that compete in Canadian
GAA events.
The city is also home to HFX Wanderers FC, a professional soccer club that competes in
the Canadian Premier League.
Media[edit]
Main article: Media in Halifax, Nova Scotia

Headquarters for The Chronicle Herald, the only local daily newspaper in Halifax.
Halifax is the Atlantic region's central point for radio broadcast and press media. CBC
Television, CTV Television Network (CTV), and Global Television Network and other
broadcasters all have important regional television concentrators in HRM. CBC Radio has a
major regional studio and there are also regional hubs for Rogers Radio and various private
broadcast franchises, as well as a regional bureau for The Canadian Press/Broadcast News.
Halifax's print media is centred on its single daily newspaper, the broadsheet Chronicle Herald as
well as two free newspapers, the daily commuter-oriented edition of Metro International and the
free alternative arts weekly The Coast. Frank provides the municipality with a bi-weekly satirical
and gossip magazine.
The city has several online daily newspapers. allNovaScotia is a daily, subscriber-only outlet
which focuses on business and political news from across the province.[60] Local Xpress is a free
online newspaper covering local and national news, sports, business and entertainment created
by the journalists of the Chronicle Herald during their 2016-2017 strike. The Halifax
Examiner was founded by the former news editor of The Coast in 2014 and, like allNovaScotia,
is supported through subscriptions.
From 1974-2008, Halifax had a second daily newspaper, the tabloid The Daily News which still
publishes several neighbourhood weekly papers such as The Bedford-Sackville Weekly
News, The Halifax West-Clayton Park Weekly News and the Dartmouth-Cole Harbour Weekly
News. These weekly papers compete with The Chronicle-Herald's weekly Community
Heralds HRM West, HRM East, and HRM North.
Religion[edit]
Halifax is a religiously diverse city with such landmark religious institutions as the United
Rockingham Church, St. Andrew's United Church, the Ummah Mosque and Community Centre,
the Centre for Islamic Development, the Vedanta Ashram Society – Lokah Samastah Sukhino
Bhavantu, the Atlantic Theravada Buddhist Temple, the Beth Israel Synagogue, and the Shaar
Shalom Synagogue. Halifax also houses the Atlantic School of Theology for religious studies.

Demographics[edit]
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Halifax Regional
Municipality recorded a population of 403,131 living in 173,324 of its 187,338 total private
dwellings, a change of 3.3% from its 2011 population of 390,086. With a land area of
5,490.35 km2 (2,119.84 sq mi), it had a population density of 73.4/km2 (190.2/sq mi) in 2016.[1]
In 2016, 15% of the population was 14 years old or younger, while 16% were 65 and older.

Historical populations

Year Pop. ±%

1851 39,914 —

1861 49,021 +22.8%

1871 56,963 +16.2%

1881 67,917 +19.2%

1891 71,358 +5.1%

1901 74,662 +4.6%

1911 80,257 +7.5%

1921 97,228 +21.1%

1931 100,204 +3.1%

1941 122,656 +22.4%

1951 162,217 +32.3%

1961 225,723 +39.1%

1971 261,461 +15.8%

1981 288,126 +10.2%

1991 332,518 +15.4%

2001 359,111 +8.0%

 2011 390,096 +8.6%

2016 403,131 +3.3%

Source: Statistics Canada[Note 1]

Mother tongue language (2016)[61]

Language Population Pct (%)

English 353,165 89.6%

French 10,140 2.6%

Arabic 6,430 1.6%

Mandarin 3,950 1.0%

Tagalog (Filipino) 1,420 0.4%

Spanish 1,375 0.3%

German 1,205 0.3%

Russian 1,150 0.3%

Persian (Farsi) 1,145 0.3%

Ethnic origins[edit]

Canada 2016 Census Population % of Total Population

Black 15,090 3.8%

Visible minority group
Source:[62]
Arab 7,335 1.8%
 Chinese 6,975 1.8%

South Asian 6,555 1.6%

Filipino 2,575 0.6%

West Asian 1,390 0.3%

Korean 1,225 0.3%

Latin American 1,210 0.3%

Southeast Asian 860 0.2%

Japanese 490 0.1%

Other visible minority 490 0.1%

Mixed visible minority 1,095 0.3%

Total visible minority population 45,285 11.4%

First Nations 7,880 2%

Aboriginal group Métis 6,905 1.7%

Source:[63]

Inuit 405 0.1%

Total Aboriginal population 15,735 4%

European Canadian 336,375 84.6%

 Total population 403,131 100%

St. Paul's Church is the oldest church in Halifax. In the 2016 census, more than 71 percent of residents in
Halifax claimed an affiliation with a Christian denomination.
Religious belief[edit]
Breakdown:[64]

 71.49%: Christian
 24.88%: none
 1.96%: Muslim
 0.41%: Buddhist
 0.40%: Hindu
 0.35%: Jewish
 0.35%: Other Religions
 0.009%: Sikh
 0.001%: Aboriginal/Traditional

Economy[edit]
Main article: Economy of Halifax, Nova Scotia
The urban area of Halifax is a major economic centre in eastern Canada with a large
concentration of government services and private sector companies. Halifax serves as the
business, banking, government and cultural centre for the Maritime region. The largest
employment sectors in the city include trade (36,400 jobs), health care and social assistance
(31,800 jobs), professional services (19,000 jobs), education (17,400 jobs), and public
administration (15,800 jobs).[65] The Halifax economy is growing, with the Conference Board of
Canadapredicting strong 3.0% GDP growth for 2015.[65]
The Halifax Shipyards of Irving Shipbuilding. Irving is a major employer in Halifax.
Major employers and economic generators include the Department of National Defence, the Port
of Halifax, Irving Shipbuilding, the Nova Scotia Health Authority, IMP Group, Bell Aliant, Emera,
the Bedford Institute of Oceanography, government, banks, and universities.[66] The municipality
has a growing concentration of manufacturing industries and is becoming a major multi-modal
transportation hub through growth at the port, the Halifax Stanfield International Airport, and
improving rail and highway connections. Halifax is one of Canada's top four container ports in
terms of the volume of cargo handled.[67] A real estate boom in recent years has led to numerous
new property developments, including the gentrification of some former working-class areas.[65]
Agriculture, fishing, mining, forestry and natural gas extraction are major resource industries
found in the rural areas of the municipality. Halifax's largest agricultural district is in
the Musquodoboit Valley; the total number of farms in Halifax is 150, of which 110 are family-
owned. Fishing harbours are located along all coastal areas with some having an independent
harbour authority, such as the Sheet Harbour Industrial Port,[68] and others being managed as
small craft harbours under the federal Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
Other resource industries in Halifax include the natural gas fields off the coast of Sable Island, as
well as clay, shale, gold, limestone, and gypsum extraction in rural areas of the mainland portion
of the municipality. Limestone is extracted in the Musquodoboit Valley and gold is extracted
in Moose River.

Government[edit]
Main article: Government in the Halifax Regional Municipality

Halifax City Council is the seat of municipal government.

The Halifax Regional Municipality is governed by a mayor (elected at large) and a sixteen-
person council. Councillors are elected by geographic district, with municipal elections occurring
every four years. The current mayor of Halifax is Mike Savage. The Halifax Regional Council is
responsible for all facets of municipal government, including the Halifax Regional Police, Halifax
Public Libraries, Halifax Fire and Emergency, Halifax Regional Water Commission, parks and
recreation, civic addressing, public works, waste management, and planning and
development.[69] The provincial legislation that provides governance oversight to the municipality
is the Halifax Regional Municipality Charter.[69] The city has a proposed operating budget of $869
million for 2015–2016.[70]
The city also has three community councils that consider local matters. Each community council
comprises five or six regional councillors representing neighbouring districts.[71] Most community
council decisions are subject to final approval by regional council.[69]
As the capital city of Nova Scotia, Halifax is also the meeting place of the Nova Scotia House of
Assembly, the oldest assembly in Canada and the site of the first responsible government in
British North America.[72] The legislature meets in Province House, a nearly 200-year-old National
Historic Site in downtown Halifax hailed as one of the finest examples of Palladian architecture in
North America.[73]

Education[edit]

Halifax is home to Dalhousie University. Established in 1818, it is the oldest English-language post-
secondary institution in Canada.
Main article: Education in Halifax, Nova Scotia
Halifax has a well-developed network of public and private schools, providing instruction from
grade primary to grade twelve; 136 public schools are administered by the Halifax Regional
School Board, while six public schools are administered by the Conseil scolaire acadien
provincial.[74] The city's fourteen private schools are operated independently.
The municipality is also home to the following post-secondary educational institutions: Dalhousie
University, Saint Mary's University, Mount Saint Vincent University, University of King's
College, Atlantic School of Theology, NSCAD University, and Nova Scotia Community College,
in addition to the Halifax campus of Université Sainte-Anne and several private institutions. The
largest of these, Dalhousie University, is Atlantic Canada's premier research-intensive university
ranking 7th in Maclean's and 228th in the world. This school is host to most of the province's
professional schools while other institutions focus primarily though not exclusively on
undergraduate education. The plethora of university and college students contributes to the
vibrant youth culture in the region, as well as making it a major centre for university education in
eastern Canada.

Transportation[edit]
Main article: Transportation in Halifax, Nova Scotia
Halifax Harbour is a major port used by numerous shipping lines, administered by the Halifax
Port Authority. The Royal Canadian Navy and the Canadian Coast Guard have major
installations along prominent sections of coastline in both Halifax and Dartmouth. The harbour is
also home to a public ferry service connecting downtown Halifax to two locations in Dartmouth.
Sheet Harbour is the other major port in the municipality and serves industrial users on
the Eastern Shore.
The Port of Halifax is North America's first inbound and last outbound shipping gateway to Europe.
The Halifax Port Authority's various shipping terminals constitute the eastern terminus
of Canadian National Railway's transcontinental network. Via Rail Canada provides overnight
passenger rail service from the Halifax Railway Station three days a week to Montreal with
the Ocean, a train equipped with sleeper cars that stops in major centres along the way, such as
Moncton. The Halifax Railway Station also serves as the terminus for Maritime Bus, which
serves destinations across the Maritimes.
Halifax Stanfield International Airport serves Halifax and most of the province, providing
scheduled flights to domestic and international destinations. The airport served 4,083,188
passengers in 2017, making it Canada's eighth busiest airport by passenger
traffic.[75] Shearwater, part of CFB Halifax, is the air base for maritime helicopters employed by
the Royal Canadian Navy and is located on the eastern side of Halifax Harbour.
The urban core is linked by the Angus L. Macdonald and A. Murray MacKay suspension bridges,
as well as the network of 100-series highways which function as expressways. The Armdale
traffic circle is an infamous choke point for vehicle movement in the western part of the urban
core, especially at rush hour.
Public transit is provided by Halifax Transit, which operates standard bus routes, regional
express bus routes, as well as the pedestrian-only Halifax-Dartmouth Ferry Service. Established
in 1752, the municipality's ferry service is the oldest continuously running salt water ferry service
in North America.[76]

Sister cities[edit]

 Hakodate, Japan (1982). The cities chose to twin because they both have star
forts and are both maritime ports. Halifax has donated many fir trees to the annual Hakodate
Christmas Fantasy festival.[77][78]
 Campeche, Mexico (1999). Campeche was chosen because, like Halifax, it is "a capital
of a state" and is "a city of similar size to Halifax on or near the coast having rich historical
tradition".[79]
 Norfolk, Virginia, United States (2006). Norfolk was chosen because, like Halifax, its
economy "depends heavily on the presence of the Armed Forces, and both cities are very
proud of their military history".[80]

Notable Haligonians[edit]
Main article: List of people from the Halifax Regional Municipality

See also[edit]
 Nova Scotia portal

 Boston–Halifax relations
 Halifax (electoral district), a federal electoral district since Confederation
 Halifax Regional Search and Rescue
 Halifax West, a federal electoral district since 1979
 List of municipalities in Nova Scotia

Notes[edit]
1. ^ 1996 figures onwards are for Halifax Regional Municipality. Prior figures are for Halifax County.

1. ^ Based on station coordinates provided by Environment Canada and documentation from

the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, weather data was collected in West End, Halifax from
January 1863 to July 1933, at Citadel Hill from August 1933 to August 1939, at Downtown
Halifax from September 1939 to July 1974, at Citadel Hill from August 1974 to January 2002 and
at CFB Halifax (Windsor Park and Halifax Dockyard) from September 2004 to present.

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