TECHNICAL/EXECUTIVE REPORT : CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

CHE 241: Fluid Mechanics &

Lab No. : Subject :
Equipment

Topic : Flowmeter Measurement Apparatus Mark :

100 Date :
Participant Group
Course : EH110 Semester : 3 C
*Please cancel which :
is not necessary. Signatur
No. Name Matrix No.
e
201584483
1 Mohamad Azizul Bin Mohamad Azmi
6
201584680
2 Muhammad Shafi Shahmi Bin Shukri
4
201586123
3 Nurul Najihah Binti Fadzin
8
201584754
4 Wan Nor Fadilah binti Wan Mat Tahir
6
5
Instructor 1. MADAM NURUL UYUN BINTI AHMAD

Objective :
1. To obtain the flow rate measurement by utilizing three basic types of flow measuring
techniques; rotameter, venture meter and orifice meter.

Abstract :
Firstly, we need to place apparatus on bench and connect inlet pipe to bench supply
and outlet pipe into volumetric tank. Then, with the bench valve fully closed and the
discharged valve fully opened, start up the pump supply from hydraulic bench. Next, the
bench valve was opened slowly until it is fully opened. Start to close the bench valve to
reduce the flow to the maximum measurable flow rate when the flow in the pipe is steady
and there is no trapped bubble. After that, adjust water level in the manometer board by
using the air bleed screw. Retain maximum reading on manometers with the maximum
measureable flow rate. Then, note the reading on manometer (A until J), rotemeter and
measure flow rate. Repeat step 6 by using different flow rates. Adjust the flow rate by
utilizing both bench valve and discharge valve. Lastly, to demonstrate similar flow rates at
different system static pressure, adjust bench and flow control valve together and adjust
manometer level as required.
Introduction Flowmeter Measurement Apparatus is designed to operate together
with a basic hydraulic bench or a water supply. It is to enables students
to familiarize themselves with typical methods of flow measurement of
an incompressible fluid. This apparatus will allow students to compare
between different types of flow measurement devices, namely by using a
venturi device, orifice device and rotameter. The data obtained can be
further used to compare against measurement obtained from the
hydraulics bench. Other feature of the flow apparatus includes a 90
degree elbow with pressure tappings. This feature allows students to
calculate the total head loss and loss coefficient when fluid flows through
the 90 degrees elbow. In short, the apparatus allows the following
experiment to be carried out direct comparison of flow measurement
using venturi, orifice, rotameter and bench. Then, it also to
determination of total head loss and loss coefficient of fluid flow through
a 90 degree elbow.

Data/Results Calculation of rotameter and venturi meter:

/Calculation:
 Cd = Coefficient of discharge (0.98)
D2 = Throat diameter = 16 mm
D1 = Inlet diameter = 26 mm
At = Throat area = 2.011 X 10-4 m2
A = Inlet area = 5.309 X 10-4 m2
g = 9.81 m/s2
= density of water = 1000kg/m3
P1 = inlet pressure (Pa)
P2 = throat pressure (Pa)

Calculation of orifice meter:

Experiment Calculations
Q1 Cd = Coefficient of
= 2.79 l/min discharge (0.63)
D7 = Orifice diameter
Q2 = 16 mm
= 6.33 l/min D8 = Orifice upstream
diameter = 26 mm
Q3 At = Orifice area =
= 12.15 l/min 2.011 X 10-4 m2
Q4 A = Orifice upstream
= 16.55 l/min area = 5.309 X 10-4 m2
(h7 – h8) = pressure
Q5 difference across
= 22.43 l/min orifice (m)

Flowrate,
Venturi meter,

Experiment 1

= 0

Experiment 2

= 1.033x10^-4 l/min
Experiment 3

= 2.000x10^-4 l/min

Experiment 4

= 2.810x10^-4 l/min

Experiment 5

= 2.810x10^-4 l/min
Orifice,

MANOMETER READING (mm)

A
Experiment 1B C D E F G H I J
12 12 12 120 12 120 12 12 11 12
0 1 0 0 0 0 8 0
10 10 89 95 98 100 10 81 97 85
=0
1
Experiment 2
0 0
12 11 80 105 11 116 11 55 79 72
5 9 0 6
15 14 68 120 13 142 14 15 65 50
=72.643 5 X 10 -3 l/min 0 2
21 18
Experiment 3 46 142 16 182 18 0 45 18
0 7 1 2

=4.736 X 10 -3
l/min
Experiment 4

= 6.833 X 10 -3
l/min
Experiment 5

= 8.180 X10 -3
l/min

ROTAMET VOLUM TIM FLOWRAT FLOWRATE USING

ER E E E, BERNOULLIE’S EQUATION
(l/min) (l) (mi Q (l/min) (l/min)
n)
VENTURI ORIFICE
2 2 0.7 2.79 0 0
2
5 2 0.3 6.33 1.033x10^- 2.643 X 10 -3
2 4
-3
10 2 0.1 12.15 2.000x10^- 4.736 X 10
6 4
-3
15 2 012 16.55 2.810x10^- 6.833 X 10
4
 -3
20 2 0.0 22.43 3.820x10^- 8.180 X10
9 4

Discussion: Based on the experiment, the flow measuring devices show a good
accuracy when compared to hydraulic bench. The experiment also show
that total head loss at venturi meter is less than orifice meter but head
loss of rotameter is higher than orifice meter. Then, the comparison of
mass flow rate are orifice meter have less mass flow rate than venturi
meter and mass flow rate of venturi meter is less than rotameter.
Next, the advantages of venturi meter are no moving parts and low
head loss and disadvantages are it is occupies space and more very
expensive. For orifice meter, the advantages are very low cost and easy
to install but there is disadvantages which is high head loss and prone to
inaccuracies. When rotameter, the advantages are direct visual
indication on linear scale and it is requires no power or fuel. The
disadvantages of rotameter are it must always be vertically oriented and
poor resolution.
A Venturi flowmeter works under the same operating principle as the
other two obstruction flowmeters – pressure drop through an obstruction.
At orifice, the tube has a diverging cross sectionsl area and it will create
a pressure difference at top and bottom of plummet. The plummet is
pushed upward by drag force. After that, the plummet is pushed
downwards by gravity force. The velocity at throat is higher than velocity
at inlet. It will create higher pressure at throat. The pressure is decrease
as velocity increase when fluid forced through hole at thin plate.
From the experiment, rotameter has high frictional force against the
wall as well as the float. Besides, venturi meter has smallest due to the
gradual change in diameter of the structure. Sudden change in diameter
of orifice plate makes streamline difficult to change direction suddenly.

Conclusion: Based from the experiment, we can conclude that venturi meter,
orifice and rotameter shows good accuracy, hence they are used at their
best. Then, venturi meter offers the best accuracy with least head loss
than orifice meter and rotameter. Next, orifice is the easiest to install and
takes almost no space. Besides, rotameter can be used for wide range of
 fluids including corrosive ones than venturi meter and orifice meter.

References:
1. http://www.studymode.com/essays/Flow-Measuring-Apparatus-
Report-1814530.html
2. https://www.coursehero.com/file/8491162/Flowmeter-
Demonstration-full/
3. https://www.scribd.com/doc/187584494/Flowmeter-Demonstration
4. https://prezi.com/9blxd4wydbqj/experiment-8-flow-measuring-
devices/
5. documents.tips/documents/resultdiscussioncalculationconclusion.h
tml

Authorize Person Initial Date Stamp

Technician
Approval

Instructor

Allocated Marks for Technical/Executive report

Criteria Full Marks

Abstract 10
Objective 10
Data/Results/Calculation 20
Discussion 30
Conclusion 10
References 10
Overall structure/organization and Quality 10
TOTAL 100

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