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INTRODUCTION
The Philippines is the only country in the world where ending a marriage is not just
difficult, getting divorced is against the law. The only option for most citizen is to get an
annulment which, here in the Philippines, is a long and an expensive court proceeding.
Reality tells us that there are many unhappy marriages among all Filipino classes.
There are several who are just waiting for the right opportunity to end their respective
marriages, and the reasons are diverse – physical abuse ( against the spouse and/ or
irresponsibility and loss of affection, among others. Even when couples start out well in
their marriage, economic and social realities take a toll on their relationship. Some are
not prepared to handle the intricacies of the married life. For a large number of women,
the inequalities and violence in marriage is founded. The marital relations facilitate the
Official figures show that 14.4% of married women experience physical violence and
Since 2001, the number of annulment and nullity cases filed has been increasing. The
latest available figures for year 2016 showed there were already more than 6,000 cases
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filed; the number of cases in 2015 will most likely exceed the number filed in the
previous year.
Other young couples find themselves in a bind. With no divorce law in the country,
relationships have remained in limbo, with more and more couples opting to live in or
cohabit, an informal arrangement that could have contributed to the declining marriage
rate in the country. Marriage rates dipped by 30 percent from 2003 to 2015, according to
A current survey by Social Weather Stations (SWS) shows that in the final quarter
of 2014, the greater part of Filipinos (60%) bolstered its legitimization. This figure
unmistakable difference a conspicuous difference to the 29% who restrict it and the 11%
who are undecided. SWS called attention to that the help for separate has been
developing for as far back as quite a long while. In like manner, bolster for separate
became paying little mind to conjugal status. The figure is most elevated among those
with live-in accomplices (66%). The numbers are somewhat lower for the individuals who
have got married, 58% of wedded people trust that separation ought to be legitimized. By
and large, 62% of men and 57% of ladies are supportive of separation. The review found
that 67% of grown-ups in Metro Manila support separate, contrasted and 62% for
whatever is left of Luzon, 55% for the Visayas and 55% for Mindanao. In 2005, just 43-
44% of Filipinos supported separation. In 2011, the number developed to half. In lieu of
separation, Philippine law takes into account a wedded couple’s “lawful detachment”.
Although the marriage security isn’t disintegrated, the individuals who settle on this
legitimate component are qualified for live independently from Each other, and have their
properties split.
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Hence, “a different SWS study found that 51% of Filipinos trust that “adoration is
sweeter the second time around,” contrasted with the 29% who don’t accept. The
surveyor likewise noticed that Filipinos have an underneath normal bliss with their
adoration lives – just 49% called their affection lives extremely cheerful, contrasted and
the 54% normal of the previous six overviews. A greater part (58%) of single ladies says
that they don’t have an affection life, contrasted and the 37% of men who share similar
assumptions. SWS directed both otherwise from November 27 to December 1 a year ago
utilizing one on one interview with 1,800 grown-ups everywhere throughout the nation.
Notwithstanding when couples begin well in their marriage, financial and social
substances incur significant damage on their relationship. Some are not set up to deal
with the complexities of the wedded life. For countless, the disparities and brutality in
“Official figures shows that 14.4% of wedded ladies encounter physical abuse and 23%
Since 2001, the number of cancellation and nullity cases documented has been
expanding. The most recent accessible figures for year 2016 appeared there were at
that point in excess of 6,000 cases documented; the quantity of cases in 2015 will in all
likelihood surpass the number recorded in the earlier”. (National Statistic Office)
Other youthful couples end up stuck a tough situation. With no separation law in the
nation, connections have stayed in limbo, with an ever increasing number of couples
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selecting to live in or live together, a casual plan that could have added to the declining
marriage rate in the nation. Marriage rates plunged by 30 percent from 2003 to 2015, as
“house bill 2380” intends to incorporate separation in the Family Code of the Philippines
as a mode to tackle harried relational unions”. This is the fifth time that Gabriela has
couples who are extremely hopeless,” as what Gabriella delegate said “they need to
help families who put stock in the sacredness of marriage and in the meantime, to free
ladies and men who are truly not okay in their relational unions”.
things hard to two incongruent people. The duration of useless relational unions does
not make a family rather it results to a broken one. Consequently, the propositions of
divorce law in the Philippines which will be useful to harried Filipinos couples far and
wide.
*dugang bsan isa lg ka paragraph about sa Iloilo and connection sa study. Dason
mention ag selected municipalities and reason ngaa chosen sila. Bsan nd gd tam an ka
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General Objective
Philippines.
Specific objective
5. Whether there is significant relationship between the respondent’s age and their
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6. Whether there is significant relationship between the respondent’s years of being
together and their perception towards the legalization of divorce in the Philippines
Philippines
Hypothesis
Based on the objectives of the study, the following hypotheses were formulated:
1. That there is significant relationship between the respondent’s religion and their
2. That there is significant relationship between the respondent’s gender and their
3. That there is significant relationship between the respondent’s age and their
Philippines.
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6. That there is significant relationship between the respondent’s educational
Philippines.
Theoretical Framework
The 1987 constitution of the Philippines. Section 1, Article 15, the family declares
that the state recognizes the Filipino Family as the foundation of the nation. Accordingly
it shall strengthen its solidarity and actively promote its total development.
voidable social institution, is foundation of the family and shall be protected by the state.
Paradigm of Variables
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Operational Definition of Terms
The following words and phrases have been defined for better understanding of
this study:
Marriage. “The relationship that exist between a husband and a wife: a ceremony in
which two people are married to each other. In this study marriage means the marital
two things. In this study divorce means the action or an instance of legally dissolving a
Enacting. To make (a bill or other legislation) officially become part of the law: to
establish by legal and authoritative act; specifically to: to make (as a bill) into law. In this
study enacting means the act of the congress where to enact or to make the bill into a
law.
ceremonies, and rules used to worship a god or a group of gods. In this study religion
Gender. The behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with one
sex. In this study gender means the respondents state of being male or female.
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Profession. a type of job that requires special education, training or skill; the people
who work in a particular profession; the act of declaring or saying something openly.
In this study profession means the job, or work of the respondent where he spend
Educational Attainment. In this studies educational attainment meant the highest level
a) Elementary
b) High School
c) College
d) Post graduate
e) Children
Age. is the length of an existence extending from the beginning to he/she was born. In
a) 20 – 33
b) 34 – 46
c) 47 – 60
Years of being together. in this study the years of living together means that the
number where the respondent live together. hence, it is categorize as the following;
a) 1 — 15 years
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b) 15 — 30 years
c) 30 and above
Selected municipalities in Iloilo *add the names of the selected municipalities in Iloilo
Married Couples. In the Filipino culture, marriage is regarded as a sacred union, and
the family founded on marriage is considered as a fount of love, protection and care.
The sanctity of the marriage would be protected by educating them about divorce.
Married couple will probably have a better understanding of the advantages and
Law Students. The study may help law students and practitioners that they may be
Filipino Citizen. The result of this study will help the Filipino citizen to give them a
better insight on the causes and effects of the divorce if became a law in the
Philippines.
Future Researchers. The Result of the study can also be used for further researches
and as a basis for the comparison with other studies. It will serve as a guide for
important studies along the same field and will serve as novel knowledge for the
researchers well.
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Legislators. The result of the study will help the legislator to provide them additional
ideas and to understand the opinion and perception of the public especially the
marriage couples.
Children. The result of the study will help the children to have awareness and to give
their family.
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Divorce
marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities
of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under
the rule of law of the particular country or state. Divorce laws vary considerably around
the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other
required by law, so divorce allows each former partner to marry another person;
where polygyny is legal but polyandry is not, divorce allows the woman to marry a new
husband.
Divorce is different form legal Separation and Annulment. Whom the couple
appear.
Marriage
Marriage is the intimate union and equal partnership of a man and a woman. It
comes to us from the hand of God, who created male and female in his image, so that
they might become one body and might be fertile and multiply. Though man and woman
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are equal as God’s children, they are created with important differences that allow them
to give themselves and to receive the other as a gift. Marriage is both a natural
institution and a sacred union because it is rooted in the divine plan of creation. In
addition, the Catholic Church teaches that the valid marriage between two baptized
Christians is also a sacrament – a saving reality and a symbol of Christ’s love for his
church. In every marriage the spouses make a contract with each other. In a
sacramental marriage the couple also enters into a covenant in which their love is
sealed and strengthened by God’s love. The free consent of the spouses makes a
marriage. From this consent and from the sexual consummation of marriage a special
bond arises between husband and wife. This bond is lifelong and exclusive. The
Divorce as a means of terminating marriage is illegal for all Filipinos except Filipino
Muslims. There is only civil annulment after a lengthy legal separation. The process is
costly and long, and there are many legally married couples in extramarital relations,
even without a divorce law. Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines, known as
Presidential Decree (PD) No. 1083, Title II- Marriage and Divorce, Chapter 3-Divorce
allows for divorce recognized by the state. There are two sharia courts in the Philippine
judicial system that hears these cases. On July 27, 2010, Gabriela Women's Party filed
in Congress House Bill No 1799, or the Divorce Bill of the Philippines, as one of many
attempts to introduce pro-divorce legislation. Senator Pia Cayetano has filed a separate
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Religious views on divorce
Christian views on divorce find their basis both in biblical sources dating to the giving
of the law to Moses (Deut 24:1-4) and political developments in the Christian world long
after standardization of the Bible. According to the synoptic Gospels, Jesus emphasized
the permanence of marriage, but also its integrity. In the book of Matthew Jesus says
"Because of your hardness of heart Moses allowed you to divorce your wives, but from
the beginning it was not so. And I say to you: whoever divorces his wife, except for
sexual immorality, and marries commits adultery”. Paul concurred but added an
exception, known as the Pauline privilege. The Catholic Church prohibits divorce, and
permits annulment (a finding that the marriage was never valid) under a narrow set of
circumstances. The Eastern Orthodox Church permits divorce and remarriage in church
in certain circumstances, though its rules are generally more restrictive than the civil
divorce rules of most countries. Most Protestant churches discourage divorce except as
a last resort, but do not actually prohibit it through church doctrine. The Christian
emperors Constantine and Theodosius restricted the grounds for divorce to grave
cause, but this was relaxed by Justinian in the sixth century. After the fall of the empire,
familial life was regulated more by ecclesiastical authority than civil authority.
“Although marriage was not yet a declared, defined sacrament, by the ninth or
tenth century, the divorce rate had been greatly reduced under the influence of
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the Roman Catholic Church, which considered marriage to be instituted
by God and Christ indissoluble by mere human action. Marriage is later defined as a
sacrament, beginning in 1208, when Pope Innocent III required members of another
received back into the Catholic Church. In 1254, Catholics accused Waldensians of
condemning the sacrament of marriage, "saying that married persons sin mortally if they
come together without the hope of offspring". In 1439 the Council of Florence defines
marriage as a sacrament, solidifying the development of doctrine from the past twelve
centuries and describing marriage as 'indisoluble' "since it signifies the indivisible union
of Christ and the church." The passage follows, "Although the separation of bed is
lawful on account of fornication, it is not lawful to contract another marriage since the
“Although divorce, as known today, was generally allowed in Western Europe after the
tenth century, separation of husband and wife and the annulment of marriage were well-
known. What is today referred to as “separate maintenance” (or "legal separation") was
termed "divorce a mensa et thoro" ("divorce from bed-and-board"). The husband and
wife physically separated and were forbidden to live or cohabit together; but their marital
relationship did not fully terminate. Civil courts had no power over marriage or divorce.”
“The Catholic church historically fought against the legalization of civil divorce in
Catholic countries. For example, when Republican Spain legalized divorce in Spain for
the first time, Pope Pius XI wrote: 'the new Spanish legislation, with the deleterious
introduction of divorce, dares to profane the sanctuary of the family, thus implanting,
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with the attempted dissolution of domestic society, the germs of saddest ruin for civil
well-being.”
“Canon law makes no provision for divorce, but a declaration of nullity may be granted
when proof is produced that essential conditions for contracting a valid marriage were
absent— in other words, that the sacrament did not take place due to some
impediment. The grounds for annulment are determined by Church authority and
or “divorce from all the bonds of marriage,” for canonical causes of impediment existing
at the time of the marriage. “For in cases of total divorce, the marriage is declared null,
as having been absolutely unlawful ab initio.” The Church holds that the sacrament of
marriage produces one person from two, inseparable from each other: “By marriage the
husband and wife are one person in law: that is, the very being of legal existence of the
woman is suspended during the marriage or at least incorporated and consolidated into
that of the husband: under whose wing, protection and cover, she performs
everything.” Since husband and wife became one person upon marriage, that oneness
can only be seen as null if the parties improperly entered into the marriage initially, in
“The Eastern Orthodox Church does recognize that there are occasions when it is better
that couples do separate, and permits remarriage in Church, though its divorce rules are
stricter than civil divorce in most countries. For the Eastern Orthodox, the marriage is
holy, being an offence resulted from either adultery or the prolonged absence of one of
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the partners. Thus, permitting remarriage is an act of compassion of the Church towards
sinful man. A very low rate of divorce among Orthodox Christians in Greece may
suggest that the same may be said for Orthodox Christians in the U.S. However, U.S.
rates are inconclusive. The actual divorce rate is probably somewhat higher due to civil
are usually allowed to remarry though there is usually imposed on them a penance by
their bishop and the services for a second marriage in this case are more penitential
than joyful. The Orthodox Church traditionally states that "it blesses the first marriage,
performs the second, tolerates the third, and forbids the fourth". Widowed spouses are
permitted to remarry without repercussion and their second marriage is considered just
as blessed as the first. One exception to this rule is the clergy and their wives. Should a
married priest die, it is expected that his widow will not remarry. Widowed priests are
succeed.”
“They look at the divorce statistic and believe those figures won’t apply to them. And
yet, somewhere her between 40 and 50 percent of those marrying today will become
example on marriage, and for those already married, there are several important factors
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Even before the marriage begins, several factors influence a couple’s chances
for success. Some are under the couples’ control, and others are:
divorced are able to establish happy marriage but the odds favor those
more likely the marriage will be successful. Those who have each other
over year have better odds that those with acquaintanceship less than a
year.”
4. “Age. in general , those who are older when married have more suitable
marriages that last twice as long those who marry under age 20”.
So there are many factors related to the background, upbringing or circumstances that
tend to be in a couples’ favor for having a successful marriage. Many couples will not
have all of those factors in their favor and will still have successful marriages. Some
with the odds in their favor will fail, nevertheless. Part of the differences lies in the
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contents to which the couple take care of their marriage. Every marriage needs thought
lg, pwede mn about sa Iloilo dason ang connection sang place sa study…dason sad
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes the process followed in the conduct of the study. This
includes: (1) the research design, ( 2) identification of the study population and the
study area, (3) determination of the respondents and sample size, (4) preparation of
surveying instruments and data gathering procedure and (5) data processing and
analyses.
Research Design
used to answer the objectives of the study. “According to Jackson (2009) a descriptive
predictions; neither do they determine cause and effect. It is not technically a research
depicting a current position of any given situation. The researchers will be preparing a
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Study Area and Population Target
The study covered 52, number of married couples living in *the municipalities of
… instead of selected Municipalities in Iloilo. The size and sample was determined by
Formula:
𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁𝑒2
Where:
N= total population
The target population consisted of at fifty two (52) married couples in selected
municipality in Iloilo city. The sample size shall be computed pending the determination
technique that will use in this study is a simple random sampling. A simple random
sample is a subset of a statistical population in which each member of the subset has
an equal probability of being chosen. Researchers can create a simple random sample
using a couple of methods. With a lottery method, each member of the population is
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Data Gathering Method
The data needed to research were obtained through the use of self-administered
questionnaire purposely designed for the study. The questionnaires were distributed to
the respondents who wrote their answers to the question in appropriated spaces
questionnaire. Upon retrieval of the accomplished copies of the instrument, the data
were encoded by table, tallied, and tabulated together with the question with
corresponding answers of the respondents. After the researcher handed out the
questionnaire, the researcher first explained how each question work and if they need to
further clarification. The researcher stayed close with the survey participant in case
there is further questioned that will be raised. The researchers encoded and interpreted
The instrument that the researcher used was a researcher – made questionnaire
which has two parts; the first one contained the respondent’s personal profile like:
name, age, sex, religion, years of living together, child/children, and educational
attainment. The second part contained questions to gauge the perception of married
couples towards the legalization of divorce. All questionnaire were scored by their
frequency: (5) strongly agree – very high level of perception, (4) agree – high level of
perception, (3) undecided – average level perception, (2) disagree – low level of
perception, (1) strongly disagree – very low level of perception. The weight of their
answer was based on their responses. The researcher used a scoring method based on
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the Likert Scale where respondent were asked a set of question and they choose their
Table 1.
Weight Response
5 Strongly Agree
4 Agree
3 Undecided
2 Dissagree
1 Strongly Dissagree
Each answered questionnaire will be scored depending on the average weight of the
The questionnaire that was distributed and gathered measured the level of public
trust about Philippine criminal justice system among students of Central Philippine
University. The data that was gathered from the questionnaires were tallied for
interpretation and analysis using frequency distribution, percentage, mean, Z-test, and
ANOVA. All data gathered were subjected to SPSS for processing. Margin of error was
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Chapter 4
References
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/917470/divorce-bill-edcel-lagman-sol-aragones-house-
committee-on-population-and-family-relations-pantaleon-alvarez
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/870863/no-divorce-no-same-sex-marriage-no-altar-date
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divorce
http://www.foryourmarriage.org/catholic-marriage/catholic-beliefs/meaning-and-purpose/
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/680740/3-out-of-5-filipinos-want-legalization-of-divorce-sws-
survey
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/335189/divorce-battle-starts-in-house-2-bills-filed
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http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/117260-in-numbers-marital-woes-annulment-
philippines
http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2015/03/24/survey-pinoys-favor-divorce.html
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