Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Características
Las normas de las corporaciones
comerciales equilibran los intereses de la
administración que gestiona la
corporación, los acreedores, accionistas
y empleados que contribuyen con su
trabajo.[9] Una característica importante
de una corporación, aunque no universal,
es la responsabilidad limitada que
consiste en que, en caso de que la
corporación quiebre, los accionistas solo
perderán su inversión y los empleados
sus trabajos, pero ninguno de ellos será
responsable por las deudas contraídas
con los acreedores de la corporación.
Personería jurídica
Responsabilidad limitada
Acciones transferibles
Gestión centralizada bajo una
estructura directiva.
Historia
Mercantilismo
Contemporáneos e historiadores
consideran a la East India Company
como "la sociedad más grande de
comerciantes en el universo", ya que vino
a simbolizar el potencial del modelo de
corporación, así como resaltar nuevos
métodos de hacer negocio.[14] El 31 de
diciembre de 1600, la reina Isabel I
concedió a la empresa un monopolio de
15 años sobre el comercio con las Indias
Orientales y África.[15] En 1711, los
accionistas de la compañía estaban
ganando un retorno de su inversión de
casi el 150 por ciento. La compañía se
volvió muy lucrativa, su primera oferta de
acciones en 1713-1716 fue de 418.000 £,
la segunda en 1717-1722 alcanzó los £
1,6 millones.[16]
Desregulación
Responsabilidad limitada
Desarrollo
Propiedad y control
Una corporación es propiedad de sus
miembros o al menos en teoría. En una
sociedad por acciones, los miembros
son conocidos como accionistas. La
parte que posee la propiedad, el control y
las ganancias de la empresa, se
determina por su parte de las acciones.
Así, una persona que es dueño de una
cuarta parte de las acciones de una
sociedad anónima, es propietaria de una
cuarta parte de la empresa, tiene
derecho a una cuarta parte de la
ganancia (o al menos una cuarta parte
de los dividendos) y tiene un cuarto de
los votos que puedan ser emitidos en las
juntas generales.
Formación
Nombre
Véase también
Asociación civil
Cooperativa
Corporativismo
Corporatocracia
Cultura organizacional
Empresa
Empresa pública
Gremio
Grupo de empresas
Multinacional
Referencias
1. Pettet, B. G. (2005). Company Law.
Pearson Education. p. 151. «Reading the
above, makes it possible to forget that the
shareholders are the owners of the
company.»
2. Courtney, Thomas B. (2002). The Law of
Private Companies (2da edición).
Bloomsbury Professional. 4.001. «As a
corporation, or body corporate, a private
company is regarded in law as having a
separate legal personality from its
shareholders (owners) and directors
(managers).»
3. corporation . CollinsDictionary.com.
Collins English Dictionary – Complete &
Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved
December 07, 2012.
4. Emberland, Marius (2006). The Human
Rights of Companies: Exploring the
Structure of ECHR Protection . Oxford
University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-19-
928983-7. Archivado desde el original el
17 de junio de 2012. Consultado el 2 de
junio de 2012.
5. e.g. South African Constitution Sect.8,
especially Art.(4)
6. Phillip I. Blumberg, The Multinational
Challenge to Corporation Law: The Search
for a New Corporate Personality, (1993)
discusses the controversial nature of
additional rights being granted to
corporations.
7. See, for example, the Business
Corporations Act (B.C.) [SBC 2002]
CHAPTER 57, Part 10
8. e.g. Corporate Manslaughter and
Corporate Homicide Act 2007
9. Easterbrook, Frank y Daniel R. Fischel
(1996). The Economic Structure of
Corporate Law.
10. Clark, R.C. (1986). Corporate Law.
Aspen, pág. 2. Véase también, Hansmann
et al. (2004). The Anatomy of Corporate
Law, cap. 1, pág. 2; Cooke, C. A. (1950).
Corporation, Trust and Company: A Legal
History.
11. Harold Joseph Berman, Law and
Revolution (vol. 1): The Formation of the
Western Legal Tradition, Cambridge:
Harvard University Press, 1983, pp. 215–
16. ISBN 0674517768
12. Vikramaditya S. Khanna (2005). The
Economic History of the Corporate Form
in Ancient India. University of Michigan.
13. Om Prakash, European Commercial
Enterprise in Pre-Colonial India
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
1998).
14. John Keay, The Honorable Company: A
History of the English East India Company
(MacMillan, New York 1991).
15.
http://web.utk.edu/~gerard/romanticpoliti
cs/britisheastindia.html
16. Ibid. at p. 113
17. A Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and
Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776)
Book V, ch 1, para 107
18. See Bubble Companies, etc. Act 1825,
6 Geo 4, c 91
19. See C Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit
(1843) ch 27
20. Report of the Parliamentary
Committee on Joint Stock Companies
(1844) in British Parliamentary Papers, vol.
VII
21. Paul Lyndon Davies (2010).
Introduction to Company Law . Oxford
University Press. p. 1.
22. Re Sea Fire and Life Assurance Co.,
Greenwood's Case (1854) 3 De GM&G 459
23. Salomon v A Salomon & Co Ltd [1897]
AC 22
24. Smiddy, Linda O.; Cunningham,
Lawrence A. (2010), Corporations and
Other Business Organizations: Cases,
Materials, Problems (Séptima edición),
LexisNexis, pp. 228-231, 241, ISBN 978-1-
4224-7659-8
25. The Law of Business Organizations ,
Cengage Learning
26. Besley, Scott; Brigham, Eugene (2008).
Principles of Finance (Cuarta edición).
Cengage Learning. p. 105.
ISBN 9780324655889. «A credit union is a
depository institution that is owned by its
depositors...»
27. «Company & Commercial –
Netherlands: In a nutshell – one-tier
boards» . International Law Office. 10 de
abril de 2012.
28. The U.S. state of California is an
example of a jurisdiction that does not
require corporations to indicate corporate
status in their names, except for close
corporations. The drafters of the 1977
revision of the California General
Corporation Law considered the possibility
of forcing all California corporations to
have a name indicating corporate status,
but decided against it because of the huge
number of corporations that would have
had to change their names, and the lack of
any evidence that anyone had been
harmed in California by entities whose
corporate status was not immediately
apparent from their names. However, the
1977 drafters were able to impose the
current disclosure requirement for close
corporations. See Harold Marsh, Jr., R. Roy
Finkle, Larry W. Sonsini, and Ann Yvonne
Walker, Marsh's California Corporation
Law, 4th ed., vol. 1 (New York: Aspen
Publishers, 2004), 5–15 — 5–16.
Leer más
A Comparative Bibliography:
Regulatory Competition on Corporate
Law
Blumberg, Phillip I., The Multinational
Challenge to Corporation Law: The
Search for a New Corporate Personality,
(1993)
Bromberg, Alan R. Crane and Bromberg
on Partnership. 1968.
Brown, Bruce. The History of the
Corporation (2003)
Cadman, John William. The
Corporation in New Jersey: Business
and Politics, , (1949)
Conard, Alfred F. Corporations in
Perspective. 1976.
Cooke, C. A., Corporation, Trust and
Company: A Legal History, (1950)
Davis, John P. Corporations (1904)
Davis, Joseph S. Essays in the Earlier
History of American Corporations
(1917)
Dignam, A and Lowry, J (2006)
Company Law, Oxford University Press
ISBN 978-0-19-928936-3
Dodd, Edwin Merrick. American
Business Corporations until 1860, With
Special Reference to Massachusetts,
(1954)
DuBois, A.B. The English Business
Company after the Bubble Act, , (1938)\
Freedman, Charles. Joint-stock
Enterprise in France, : From Privileged
Company to Modern Corporation (1979)
Freund, Ernst. MCMaster.ca , The Legal
Nature of the Corporation (1897)
Hallis, Frederick. Corporate Personality:
A Study in Jurisprudence (1930)
Hessen, Robert. In Defense of the
Corporation. Hoover Institute. 1979.
Hunt, Bishop. The Development of the
Business Corporation in England (1936)
Klein and Coffee. Business
Organization and Finance: Legal and
Economic Principles. Foundation. 2002.
Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra. Corporate
Life in Ancient India , (1920)
Means, Robert Charles.
Underdevelopment and the
Development of Law: Corporations and
Corporation Law in Nineteenth-century
Colombia, (1980)
Micklethwait, John and Wooldridge,
Adrian. The Company: a Short History
of a Revolutionary Idea. New York:
Modern Library. 2003.
Owen, Thomas. The Corporation under
Russian Law, : A Study in Tsarist
Economic Policy (1991)
Rungta, Radhe Shyam. The Rise of the
Business Corporation in India, 1851–
1900, (1970)
Scott, W. R. Constitution and Finance of
English, Scottish and Irish Joint-Stock
Companies to 1720 (1912)
Sobel, Robert. The Age of Giant
Corporations: a Microeconomic History
of American Business. (1984)
Barnet, Richard; Muller, Ronald E.
(1974). Global Reach: The Power of the
Multinational Corporation. New York:
Simon & Schuster.
Hessen, Robert (2008).
«Corporations» . En David R.
Henderson (ed.). Concise Encyclopedia
of Economics (2da edición).
Indianapolis: Library of Economics and
Liberty. ISBN 978-0865976658.
OCLC 237794267 .
Low, Albert, 2008. "Conflict and
Creativity at Work: Human Roots of
Corporate Life , Sussex Academic
Press. ISBN 978-1-84519-272-3
PG Mahoney, 'Contract or Concession?
An Essay on the History of Corporate
Law' (2000) 34 Ga. Law Review 873
PI Blumberg, The Multinational
Challenge to Corporation Law (1993)
PL Davies and LCB Gower, Principles of
Modern Company Law (6th edn Sweet
and Maxwell 1997) chapters 2-4
RR Formoy, The Historical Foundations
of Company Law (Sweet and Maxwell
1923) 21
P Frentrop, A History of Corporate
Governance 1602–2002 (Brussels et
al., 2003)
S Kyd, A Treatise on the Law of
Corporations (1793–1794)
J Micklethwait and A Wooldridge, The
company: A short history of a
revolutionary idea (Modern Library
2003)
W Blackstone, Commentaries on the
Laws of England (1765) 455–473
Enlaces externos
Wikcionario tiene definiciones y otra
información sobre corporación.
Obtenido de
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title=Corporación&oldid=114170141»