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F(t) L {F(t)}=f(S)
k 𝑘
𝑠
, s>0
𝑛 𝑛!
𝑡 , s>0
𝑠𝑛+1
𝑒 𝑎𝑡 1
, s>a
𝑠−𝑎
𝑎
sen 𝑎𝑡 , s>0
𝑠2 +𝑎2
𝑠
cos 𝑎𝑡 , s>0
𝑠2 +𝑎2
𝑎
senh 𝑎𝑡 , s>|a|
𝑠2 −𝑎2
𝑠
cosh 𝑎𝑡 ,s>|a|
𝑠2 −𝑎2
𝑒 𝑏𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑡 𝑎
(𝑠 − 𝑏)2 + 𝑎2
𝑒 𝑏𝑡 cos 𝑎𝑡 𝑠−𝑏
(𝑠 − 𝑏)2 + 𝑎2
𝑒 𝑏𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎
(𝑠 − 𝑏)2 − 𝑎2
𝑒 𝑏𝑡 cosh 𝑎𝑡 𝑠−𝑏
(𝑠 − 𝑏)2 − 𝑎2
Ejercicios Resueltos:
𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 −𝑒 −𝑏𝑡
1) Hallar L{ 𝑡
}
𝑒 −𝑎𝑡−𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 ∞ 1 1
L{ 𝑡
}=∫𝑆 (𝑢+𝑎 − 𝑢+𝑏) 𝑑𝑢
∞
= ln(𝑢 + 𝑎) − ln(𝑢 + 𝑏)|
𝑠
𝑢+𝑎 ∞ 𝑠+𝑎 𝑠+𝑎
= ln (𝑢+𝑏 )| =0 − ln (𝑠+𝑏 ) = ln (𝑠+𝑏 )
𝑠
𝑢3 𝑢5 𝑢7 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢 𝑢2 𝑢4 𝑢6
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢 = 𝑢 − + − + ⋯ → =1− + − +⋯
3! 5! 7! 𝑢 3! 5! 7!
𝑡
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢 𝑡 𝑢2 𝑢4 𝑢6 𝑢3 𝑢5 𝑢7 𝑡
∫ du = ∫ (1 − + − + ⋯ ) 𝑑𝑢 = (𝑢 − + − + ⋯)|
0 𝑢 0 3! 5! 7! 3.3! 5.5! 7.7! 𝑠
𝑡3 𝑡5 𝑡7
= 𝑡 − + − + ⋯, 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑎
3.3! 5.5! 7.7!
𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢 𝑡3 𝑡5 𝑡7 1 1 1 1
L {∫0 du}= L{𝑡 − 3.3! + 5.5! − 7.7! + ⋯ } = 𝑠3 − 3𝑠4 + 5𝑠6 − 7𝑠8 + ⋯
𝑢
1 1 3 1 5 1 7
1 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1
= ( 𝑠 − 𝑠 + 𝑠 − 𝑠 … ) = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔( )
𝑠 1 3 5 7 𝑠 𝑠
𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑢 1 1
∴ L {∫
𝑢 du } == 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔( )
𝑠 𝑠
0
∞ 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
3) L {∫0 𝑒
−𝑠𝑡
𝑡2
dt}
1 1
L {1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡}= 𝑠 − 𝑠2+1 = 𝑓(𝑠), 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛:
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 ∞1 1 2
L{
𝑡
}= ∫0 − du}=12 ln (𝑠 𝑠+1) 2
𝑢 𝑢2 +1
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 1 ∞ 𝑢2 +1
L{ }=2 ∫0 ln ( ) 𝑑𝑢 , 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑠
𝑡2 𝑢2
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 1 𝑢2 +1 ∞
L{ }=2 [𝑢𝑙𝑛 ( )+ 2𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑢] |
𝑡2 𝑢2 𝑠
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝜋 𝑠 𝑠2
∴L { }=2 + 2 𝑙𝑛 (𝑠2+1) − 2𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑔𝑠
𝑡2
1
4) Hallar L-1 { 5 }
𝑠 +4𝑠 +13𝑠 +62𝑠2 +149𝑠+130
4 3
1 𝐴 𝐵𝑠+𝐶 𝐷𝑠+𝐸
L-1 { } = L-1 { + + }
𝑠 5 +4𝑠 4 +13𝑠 3 +62𝑠 2 +149𝑠+130 𝑠+2 𝑆 2 −2𝑆+13 𝑆 2 +4𝑆+5
Resolviendo:
218 226
A= D =4578
4578
8 515
B =- E =4578
4578
81
C =-
4578
1 89
= (218𝑒 −2𝑡 -8𝑒 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠√2𝑡 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛√12𝑡 + 226𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 63𝑒 −2𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡
4578 √12
𝑠 2 +1
5) L-1 { ln( )}
𝑠(𝑠+3)
𝑠 2 +1
L-1 { ln( )} = L-1 { ln(𝑠 2 + 1) − ln(𝑠) − ln(𝑠 + 3)}
𝑠(𝑠+3)
𝑠 2 +1 1 −1
L-1 {ln( )} = − 𝑡 𝐿 {𝑠22𝑠+1 − 1𝑠 − 𝑠+3
1
}
𝑠(𝑠+3)
−3𝑡 −2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
=−
1 (2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 − 1 − 𝑒−3𝑡) = 1+𝑒
𝑡 𝑡
6) Resolver:
9 9+7𝑆 2
(𝑆 2 + 4) L {𝑦} = 𝑆 2 + 7 = 𝑆 2
9+7𝑆 9 12 1 7
L {𝑦} = 𝑆 2(𝑆 2 +4) = 4 (𝑆 2 − 𝑆 2 +4) + 𝑆 2+4
9 1 1 7
𝑦 = 𝐿−1 {4 ( 2 − 2 )+ 2 }
𝑆 𝑆 +4 𝑆 +4
9 1 1 1 9 1 7
𝑦 = 𝐿−1 { − } + 7𝐿−1 { 2 } = (𝑡 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑡) + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑡
4 𝑆2 𝑆 2 +4 𝑆 +4 4 2 2
9 19
∴ 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑡 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑡
4 8
7) Resolver:
𝑑 2 𝑑
(𝑠 𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑠𝑦(0) − 𝑦´(0) + 𝑠𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑦(0)) − 𝐿{𝑦} = 0
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠
𝑑 𝑑
−2𝑠𝐿{𝑦} − 𝑠 2 𝐿{𝑦} + 𝑠𝐿{𝑦} − 𝐿{𝑦} = 0
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠
𝑑 𝑑𝐿{𝑦} 𝑑𝑠
(𝑠 2 + 1) 𝐿{𝑦} = −𝑠𝐿{𝑦} → = −𝑠 , integrando
𝑑𝑠 𝐿{𝑦} 𝑠 2 +1
𝑘
ln( 𝐿{𝑦}) = − ln √𝑠 2 + 1 + ln 𝑘 →ln 𝐿{𝑦} = ln √𝑠2 , entonces
+1
𝑘 1
𝐿{𝑦} = √𝑠2 , tomando inversa 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑘𝐿−1 { } = 𝑘𝐽0 (𝑡)
+1 √𝑠2 +1
1
𝑠 2 𝐿{𝑥(𝑡)} − 𝑠𝑥(0) − 𝑥´(0) − 𝐿{𝑥(𝑡)} + 5𝑠𝐿{𝑦(𝑡)} − 5𝑦(0) =
{ 𝑠2
−2
𝑠 2 𝐿{𝑦(𝑡)} − 𝑠𝑦(0) − 𝑦´(0) − 4𝐿{𝑦(𝑡)} − 2𝑠𝐿{𝑥(𝑡)} + 2𝑥(0) =
𝑠
1
(𝑠 2 + 1)𝐿{𝑥(𝑡)} + 5𝑠𝐿{𝑦(𝑡)} = 2
𝑠
{ −2 , aplicando el teorema de CRAMER
2
−2𝑠𝐿{𝑥(𝑡)} + (𝑠 − 4)𝐿{𝑦(𝑡)} =
𝑠
1
5𝑆
𝑆2
−2
𝑆 2 −4 11𝑆 2 −4
𝑆 −1 5 4
𝐿{𝑥(𝑡)} = 2 = = + −
𝑆 +1 5𝑆 𝑆 2 (𝑆 2 +1)(𝑆 2 +4) 𝑆2 𝑆 2 +1 𝑆 2 +4
−2𝑆 2
𝑆 −4
11𝑆2 −4 −1 5 4
𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 { 2 2 2 = 2 + 2 − 2 }=−𝑡 + 5𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 − 2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑡
𝑆 (𝑆 +1)(𝑆 +4) 𝑆 𝑆 +1 𝑆 +4
1 2𝑆
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐿−1 {𝑆 − 2 + 2𝑆 }= 𝑡 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑡
𝑆 +1 𝑆 +4
𝑑𝐼(𝑡) 1 𝑡 1
𝐿 + ∫0 𝐼(𝑟)𝑑𝑟 = 𝐸0 𝑒−𝑎𝑡 → 𝑄"(𝑡) + 𝑄(𝑡) = 𝐸0 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝐶 𝐿𝐶
1
𝐿{𝑄"(𝑡) + 𝑄(𝑡)} = 𝐿{𝐸0 𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 }
𝐿𝐶
1 𝐸0
(𝑆 2 + ) 𝐿{𝑄(𝑡)} = ; 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑗𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜𝐿{𝑄(𝑡)}
𝐿𝐶 𝐿(𝑆 + 𝑎)
𝐸0
𝐿{𝑄(𝑡)} = ; 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎
1
(𝑆 + 𝑎) (𝑆 2 + )
𝐿𝐶
𝐸0 −1 1 𝐸0 −1 𝐴 𝐵𝑆+𝐷
𝑄 (𝑡) = 𝐿 { 1 } = 𝐿 { (𝑆+𝑎)
+ 1 }
𝐿 (𝑆+𝑎)(𝑆2 + ) 𝐿 (𝑆2 + )
𝐿𝐶 𝐿𝐶
Efectuando:
𝑎𝐸 𝑡
𝐸0 𝑡 0√𝐶/𝐿𝑠𝑒𝑛( )
𝑄 (𝑡) = 1 (𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 − cos ( )) + 1
√𝐿𝐶
𝐿(𝑎2 + ) √𝐿𝐶 𝑎2 +
𝐿𝐶 𝐿𝐶
∞
𝐿{𝑦(𝑡)} = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑦(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
Pero la función:
0 ≤ 𝑡 < 1𝑦(𝑡) = 0 + 1
1 ≤ 1 < 2𝑦(𝑡) = 1 + 1
2 ≤ 2 < 3𝑦(𝑡) = 2 + 1
: :
: :
1 2
−𝑠𝑡
𝐿{𝑦(𝑡)} = ∫ (0 + 1)𝑒 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ (1 + 1)𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡 +
0 1
3 𝑛+1 −𝑠𝑡
∫2 (2 + 1)𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫𝑛 (𝑛 + 1)𝑒 𝑑𝑡
−𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 1 −2𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 2 −3𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 3 −(𝑛+1)𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑛+1
𝐿{𝑦(𝑡)} = |0 + |1 + |2 +⋯+ | 𝑛
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠