The classroom is a dynamic environment, bringing together students

from different backgrounds with various abilities and personalities.

Being an effective teacher therefore requires the implementation of
creative and innovative teaching strategies in order to meet students’
individual needs.

Whether you’ve been teaching two months or twenty years, it can be

difficult to know which teaching strategies will work best with your
students. As a teacher there is no ‘one size fits all’ solution, so here is a
range of effective teaching strategies you can use to inspire your
classroom practice.

1. Visualization

Bring d ull academic concepts to life with visual and practical

learning experiences, helping your students to understand how their
schooling applies in the real-world.
Examples include using the interactive whiteboard to display photos,
audio clips and videos, as well as encouraging your students to get out of
their seats with classroom experiments and local field trips.

2. Cooperative learning

Encourage students of mixed abilities to work together by promoting

small group or whole class activities.

Through verbally expressing their ideas and responding to others your

students will develop their self-confidence, as well as enhance their
communication and critical thinking skills which are vital throughout
life.
Solving mathematical puzzles, conducting scientific experiments and acting
out short drama sketches are just a few examples of how cooperative
learning can be incorporated into classroom lessons.

3. Inquiry-based instruction

Pose thought-provoking questions which inspire your students

to think for themselves and become more independent learners.
Encouraging students to ask questions and investigate their own ideas
helps improve their problem-solving skills as well as gain a deeper
understanding of academic concepts. Both of which are important life
skills.

Inquiries can be science or math-based such as ‘why does my shadow

change size?’ or ‘is the sum of two odd numbers always an even
number?’. However, they can also be subjective and encourage students
to express their unique views, e.g. ‘do poems have to rhyme?’ or ‘should
all students wear uniform?’.

4. Differentiation

Differentiate your teaching by allocating tasks based on students’

abilities, to ensure no one gets left behind.
Assigning classroom activities according to students’ unique learning
needs means individuals with higher academic capabilities are stretched
and those who are struggling get the appropriate support.

This can involve handing out worksheets that vary in complexity to

different groups of students, or setting up a range of work stations around
the classroom which contain an assortment of tasks for students to
choose from.
Moreover, using an educational tool such as Quizalize can save you hours
of time because it automatically groups your students for you, so you can
easily identify individual and whole class learning gaps (click here to find
out more).
5. Technology in the classroom

Incorporating technology into your teaching is a great way to

actively engage your students, especially as digital media surrounds
young people in the 21st century.
Interactive whiteboards or mobile devices can be used to display images
and videos, which helps students visualize new academic concepts.
Learning can become more interactive when technology is used as
students can physically engage during lessons as well as instantly
research their ideas, which develops autonomy.

Mobile devices, such as iPads and/or tablets, can be used in the

classroom for students to record results, take photos/videos or simply as
a behaviour management technique. Plus, incorporating educational
programmes such as Quizalize into your lesson plans is also a great way
to make formative assessments fun and engaging.

6. Behaviour management

Implementing an effective behaviour management strategy is

crucial to gain your students respect and ensure students have an equal
chance of reaching their full potential.
Noisy, disruptive classrooms do no encourage a productive learning
environment, therefore developing an atmosphere of mutual respect
through a combination of discipline and reward can be beneficial for
both you and your students.

Examples include fun and interactive reward charts for younger students,
where individuals move up or down based on behaviour with the top
student receiving a prize at the end of the week. ‘Golden time’ can also
work for students of all ages, with a choice of various activities such as
games or no homework in reward for their hard work.

7. Professional development
 Engaging in regular professional development programmes is a
great way to enhance teaching and learning in your classroom.
With educational policies constantly changing it is extremely useful to
attend events where you can gain inspiration from other teachers and
academics. It’s also a great excuse to get out of the classroom and work
alongside other teachers just like you!

Sessions can include learning about new educational technologies, online

safety training, advice on how to use your teaching assistant(s) and much
more.
Being an effective teacher is a challenge because every student is unique,
however, by using a combination of teaching strategies you can address
students’ varying learning styles and academic capabilities as well as
make your classroom a dynamic and motivational environment for
students.

Top 5 Teaching Strategies

By: Janelle Cox

Effective teachers are always on the prowl for new and exciting teaching strategies that will keep
their students motivated and engaged.

Whether you’re a new or experienced teacher, you may feel inundated by all of the new educational
buzzwords, theories, and new strategies that are out there.

With all of this information available, it’s hard to decide which strategies are right for your classroom.
Sometimes, the old tried-and-true ones that you have been using in your classroom just happen to
work the best, and that’s OK. Teaching strategies that are considered “new” may just not fit into
your teaching style.

Here are a few teaching strategies that have been a staple in most classrooms. Depending upon
your style, preference, and your students, choose the ones that suite your needs.
1.Cooperative Learning: The Jigsaw

Cooperative learning gives students the opportunity to work with others and see different points of
view. Research shows that students learn more effectively when working together rather than apart,
and it is also known to improve self-confidence in students. The jigsaw technique is especially
effective because each student is responsible for one another’s learning, and students find out really
quick that each group member has something equally important to contribute to the group in order to
make the task a successful one. Students are exposed to and use many skills throughout this
strategy: Communication, problem-solving skills, cognition, and critical thinking -- all of which are
essential for a successful academic career.

2.Inquiry-Based Instruction

Inquiry-based learning implies involving students in the learning process so they will have a deeper
understanding of what they are learning. We are born with the instinct to inquire -- as babies we use
our senses to make connections to our surroundings. Inquiry-based learning strategies are used to
engage students to learn by asking questions, investigating, exploring, and reporting what they see.
This process leads students to a deeper understanding of the content that they are learning, which
helps them be able to apply these concepts they are learning in new situations. In order for our
students to be able to be successful in the 21stcentury, they need to be able to answer complex
questions and develop solutions for these problems. The Inquiry-based learning strategy is a great
tool to do just that.

3. Differentiated Instruction: Learning Stations

Differentiated instruction strategies allow teachers to engage each student by accommodating to

their specific learning style. According to Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligence Theory, every
person has a different mind, and therefore each person learns and understands information
differently. Differentiating instruction offers a way to meet all students’ needs. One helpful strategy to
differentiate instruction is learning stations. Learning stations can easily be designed to enable
students with diverse learning needs. Teachers can set up each station where students will be able
to complete the same task, but at the level and style that is specifically designed for them.

4.Graphic Organizers

Graphic organizers are a simple and effective tool to help students brainstorm and organize their
thoughts and ideas in a visual presentation. Simply put, they help students organize information so it
is easier for them to comprehend. Graphic organizers can be used for any lesson; to structure
writing, brainstorming, planning, problem solving, or decision-making. The most popular organizers
are the Venn diagram, concept map, KWL chart, and T Chart.

5. Utilizing Technology in the Classroom

Integrating technology into the classroom is a great way to empower students to stay connected in
this technological era. Technology-rich lessons have been found to keep students motivated and
engaged longer. Some examples of utilizing technology in the classroom is to create web-based
lessons or a Webquest, multimedia presentations such as a video, animation, or some type of
graphic, utilizing a tablet or an iPad, taking your class on a virtual field trip, participating in an online
research project, or even creating a class website. Any of these technology integration strategies will
have a positive impact on student learning.

An experienced teacher knows that not every teaching strategy that you use will be an effective one.
There will be some hits and misses, and depending upon your teaching style, and the way your
students learn, you will figure out which strategies work and which do not. It may take some trial and
error, but it doesn’t hurt to try them all.

What are your top 5 teaching strategies to use in the classroom? Do you have a favorite that
works well in your classroom? Share with us in the comment section below, we would love to
hear your ideas.

Janelle Cox is an education writer who uses her experience and knowledge to provide creative and
original writing in the field of education. Janelle holds a Master's of Science in Education from the
State University of New York College at Buffalo. She is also the Elementary Education Expert
for About.com, as well as a contributing writer to TeachHUB.com and TeachHUB Magazine. You
can follow her at Twitter @Empoweringk6ed, or on Facebook at Empowering K6 Educators.

TEACHING STRATEGIES
Institutions of higher learning across the nation are responding to political, economic, social and
technological pressures to be more responsive to students' needs and more concerned about how well
students are prepared to assume future societal roles. Faculty are already feeling the pressure to lecture
less, to make learning environments more interactive, to integrate technology into the learning
experience, and to use collaborative learning strategies when appropriate.

Some of the more prominent strategies are outlined below. For more information about the use of
these and other pedagogical approaches, contact the Program in Support of Teaching and
Learning.

Lecture. For many years, the lecture method was the most widely used instructional strategy in
college classrooms. Nearly 80% of all U.S. college classrooms in the late 1970s reported using
some form of the lecture method to teach students (Cashin, 1990). Although the usefulness of
other teaching strategies is being widely examined today, the lecture still remains an important
way to communicate information.

Used in conjunction with active learning teaching strategies, the traditional lecture can be an
effective way to achieve instructional goals. The advantages of the lecture approach are that it
provides a way to communicate a large amount of information to many listeners, maximizes
instructor control and is non-threatening to students. The disadvantages are that lecturing
minimizes feedback from students, assumes an unrealistic level of student understanding and
comprehension, and often disengages students from the learning process causing information to
be quickly forgotten.
The following recommendations can help make the lecture approach more effective (Cashin,
1990):

1. Fit the lecture to the audience

2. Focus your topic - remember you cannot cover everything in one lecture

3. Prepare an outline that includes 5-9 major points you want to cover in one lecture

4. Organize your points for clarity

5. Select appropriate examples or illustrations

6. Present more than one side of an issue and be sensitive to other perspectives

7. Repeat points when necessary

8. Be aware of your audience - notice their feedback

9. Be enthusiastic - you don�t have to be an entertainer but you should be

excited by your topic.
(from Cashin, 1990, pp. 60-61)

Case Method. Providing an opportunity for students to apply what they learn
in the classroom to real-life experiences has proven to be an effective way of
both disseminating and integrating knowledge. The case method is an
instructional strategy that engages students in active discussion about issues
and problems inherent in practical application. It can highlight fundamental
dilemmas or critical issues and provide a format for role playing ambiguous or
controversial scenarios.

Course content cases can come from a variety of sources. Many faculty have
transformed current events or problems reported through print or broadcast
media into critical learning experiences that illuminate the complexity of
finding solutions to critical social problems. The case study approach works
well in cooperative learning or role playing environments to stimulate critical
thinking and awareness of multiple perspectives.

Discussion. There are a variety of ways to stimulate discussion. For example,

some faculty begin a lesson with a whole group discussion to refresh
students� memories about the assigned reading(s). Other faculty find it helpful
to have students list critical points or emerging issues, or generate a set of
questions stemming from the assigned reading(s). These strategies can also be
used to help focus large and small group discussions.
Obviously, a successful class discussion involves planning on the part of the
instructor and preparation on the part of the students. Instructors should
communicate this commitment to the students on the first day of class by
clearly articulating course expectations. Just as the instructor carefully plans the
learning experience, the students must comprehend the assigned reading and
show up for class on time, ready to learn.

Active Learning. Meyers and Jones (1993) define active learning as learning
environments that allow �students to talk and listen, read, write, and reflect as
they approach course content through problem-solving exercises, informal
small groups, simulations, case studies, role playing, and other activities -- all
of which require students to apply what they are learning� (p. xi). Many
studies show that learning is enhanced when students become actively involved
in the learning process. Instructional strategies that engage students in the
learning process stimulate critical thinking and a greater awareness of other
perspectives. Although there are times when lecturing is the most appropriate
method for disseminating information, current thinking in college teaching and
learning suggests that the use of a variety of instructional strategies can
positively enhance student learning. Obviously, teaching strategies should be
carefully matched to the teaching objectives of a particular lesson. For more
information about teaching strategies, see the list of college teaching references
in Appendix N.

Assessing or grading students' contributions in active learning environments is

somewhat problematic. It is extremely important that the course syllabus
explicitly outlines the evaluation criteria for each assignment whether
individual or group. Students need and want to know what is expected of them.
For more information about grading, see the Evaluating Student Work section
contained in this Guide.

Cooperative Learning. Cooperative Learning is a systematic pedagogical

strategy that encourages small groups of students to work together for the
achievement of a common goal. The term 'Collaborative Learning' is often used
as a synonym for cooperative learning when, in fact, it is a separate strategy
that encompasses a broader range of group interactions such as developing
learning communities, stimulating student/faculty discussions, and encouraging
electronic exchanges (Bruffee, 1993). Both approaches stress the importance of
faculty and student involvement in the learning process.

When integrating cooperative or collaborative learning strategies into a course,

careful planning and preparation are essential. Understanding how to form
groups, ensure positive interdependence, maintain individual accountability,
resolve group conflict, develop appropriate assignments and grading criteria,
and manage active learning environments are critical to the achievement of a
successful cooperative learning experience. Before you begin, you may want to
consult several helpful resources which are contained in Appendix N. In
addition, the Program in Support of Teaching and Learning can provide faculty
with supplementary information and helpful techniques for using cooperative
learning or collaborative learning in college classrooms.

Integrating Technology. Today, educators realize that computer literacy is an

important part of a student's education. Integrating technology into a course
curriculum when appropriate is proving to be valuable for enhancing and
extending the learning experience for faculty and students. Many faculty have
found electronic mail to be a useful way to promote student/student or
faculty/student communication between class meetings. Others use listserves or
on-line notes to extend topic discussions and explore critical issues with
students and colleagues, or discipline- specific software to increase student
understanding of difficult concepts.

Currently, our students come to us with varying degrees of computer literacy.

Faculty who use technology regularly often find it necessary to provide some
basic skill level instruction during the first week of class. In the future, we
expect that need to decline. For help in integrating technology into a course
curriculum contact the Program in Support of Teaching and Learning or the
Instructional Development Office (IDO) at 703-993-3141. In addition, watch
for information throughout the year about workshops and faculty conversations
on the integration of technology, teaching and learning.

Distance Learning. Distance learning is not a new concept. We have all

experienced learning outside of a structured classroom setting through
television, correspondence courses, etc. Distance learning or distance education
as a teaching pedagogy, however, is an important topic of discussion on college
campuses today. Distance learning is defined as 'any form of teaching and
learning in which the teacher and learner are not in the same place at the same
time' (Gilbert, 1995).

Obviously, information technology has broadened our concept of the learning

environment. It has made it possible for learning experiences to be extended
beyond the confines of the traditional classroom. Distance learning
technologies take many forms such as computer simulations, interactive
collaboration/discussion, and the creation of virtual learning environments
connecting regions or nations. Components of distance learning such as email,
listserves, and interactive software have also been useful additions to the
educational setting.
For more information about distance learning contact the Instructional
Development Office at 703-993-3141 (Fairfax Campus) and watch for
workshops and faculty discussions on the topic throughout the year.