Treating organic waste with Cambi® THP

Wojtech.Sargalski, Odd Egil Solheim, Carsten Fjordside

EUROPEAN BIOSOLIDS CONFERENCE, WORKSHOP AND
EXHIBITION AND ORGANIC RESOURCES
12TH-14TH NOVEMBER 2007
LANCASHIRE COUNTY CRICKET CLUB,
MANCHESTER, UK

Cambi AS
Solbraaveien 10
N-1383 Asker
Norway
WWW.CAMBI.COM
E-mail: office@cambi.no
Tel: +47 66 77 98 00
Fax: +47 66 77 98 20
CAMBI’S BUSINESS AREAS

SLUDGE TREATMENT: PLANTS FOR

ENHANCED DIGESTION OF MUNICIPAL &
INDUSTRIAL SLUDGE

ORGANIC WASTE TREATMENT: PLANTS

FOR TREATMENT OF SOURCE SEPARATED
ORGANIC WASTE

BIO-ETHANOL PLANTS:
- PRODUCTION OF BIOGAS FROM
ORGANIC RESIDUES
- LIGNO-CELLULOSIC BIOMASS PRE-TREATMENT
 Market drivers Organic Waste to Biogas

• EU Landfill Directive

• Animal-by Products Regulation (ABPR), - a lot of grey area waste, sorting

challenges!

• Profitable (+green credits, other supporting systems): Double ROCs?

 ABP – Requirements

Animal by product – High risk waste Cat II 133°C, 20 min. max. 50 mm

Biological
treatment
Animal by product - Low risk waste Cat III 70°C, 1 h, max. 12 mm

must be disposed of by incineration, co-incineration or landfill following

Cat. 1 sterilisation

Animal By-Products can be used as bio-fertiliser, soil improver and for

Cat.2 for technical purposes (133°C, 20 min.)

Animal By-Products can be used as, bio-fertiliser (on animal fodder

Cat.3 land), soil improver and for technical purposes (70°C, 60 min.)
 ABP – Classification

Cat 1
• All body parts suspected of being infected by TSE
• Animals killed in the context of TSE eradication
• Experimental animals
• Specified Risk Material
• All animal material collected when treating waste water from Cat 1 processing plants and other
premises which specified risk material is removed including screenings, materials from
desanding, grease and oil mixtures, sludge and material removed from the drain.

Cat 2
• Manure and digestive tract contents (separated from the digestive tract, milk and colostrum
• All animal materials collected when treating waste water from slaughterhouses
• Products containing residues of veterinary drugs and contaminants
• Condemned animals or parts

Cat 3
• Parts of slaughtered animal fit for human consumption Confused?
• Parts of slaughtered animals which are rejected as unfit but have no signs of disease.
• Hides, skins, hooves, horns, pig bristles and feathers A major challenge for waste
• Blood
• Animal by-products from the production of products for human consumption including producers
degreased bones and greaves
• Former foodstuffs of animal origin, or former foodstuffs containing products of animal origin
(other than catering waste)
• raw milk
• fish
• shells, hatchery products and cracked egg by-products
• Food waste from privaste households
 ABPR-Animal-By-Product Regulation

The grocery shop

A private person cannot sell the
throws the rest of sausage (sell by
the sausage at date etc.)
home
Not ABP
ABP
Treatment acc. to
ABPR
Why Thermal Hydrolysis?

- Reliable & stable process

- Maximum reduction of volatile solids (>60% VSR for sludge;

~70% VSR for food waste, with a low final volume of product)

- Production of pathogen-free bio-fertilizer

- Minimum un-scheduled shut-downs and mechanical

failures (also depending on pre-treatment solution)

- Fulfills all known environmental directives

and requirements, incl. ABP cat. II & III
Benefit: no need to separate category II & III
material at source (less physical handling)

- Enhanced digester capacity due to much higher solids

loading rates (feeding rate at 11-12% DS to AD)
Cambi THP – What does it do?
Organic waste treated with thermal hydrolysis at high temperature undergoes
both:

- Extreme disintegration: breaking up cells and dissolving organic solids into

liquids
- complete pathogen kill

- Decreases viscosity
 Organic Waste from Households
Source separated waste
Source separated household waste Lillehammer ”GLØR” plant
(Optical sorting)

Screened waste – GLØR Lillehammer

The Following Waste can be Treated

• Source separated waste from households (food waste)

• Waste from restaurants, canteens and supermarkets

• Organic waste from food processing industries

• Waste from slaughterhouses

• Biological and primary sludge

• Other organic residues

Several of these waste fractions are ABP Cat. II & III

Technical issues when treating BMW+ABP

Pre-treatment process availability = is it a stable process?

• Removal of unwanted fractions from the material, especially plastics,

textiles, glass, metals, gravel/stone

• A wide variety of organic waste composition (mainly due to ligno-

cellulose in paper and green waste) requires a robust and efficient
pre-treatment before AD
 THERMAL HYDROLYSIS PROCESS
Cell colony rupture due to stress – 200 x enlargement

Physical form: Process gases (foul gases) are

Pasty “thick” cooled, compressed and
material
injected into the digesters
Used steam blows off into
the pulper and will be re-used
Raw material
13 – 17% DS
REACTOR to pre-heat new material

re-use of steam

REACTOR
Batch driven
process
~97°C
165-170°C 102°C Physical form:
Homogenized (~22 min.)/ Hydrolyzed material, Hydrolyzed Liquid
material 13-14% DS 6 bar 12% DS material
material

PULPER Steam 12 bar FLASH TANK

 Thermal Hydrolysis on Food Waste, gas yield

Preliminary results! Aquaenviro (lab.scale)

1000

900 Pasteurised
Pasteurised Mix
Mix (70oC Pre-treat)
(70oC Pre-treat)
Past MixtureMix
Pasteurised (70oC
(70Pre-treat)
o
C Pre-treat)
800 THP
THP/Cambi Mix (150oPre-treat)
Mixture (150oC C Pre-treat)
THP mixtureMix
THP/Cambi (150oC
(150oPre-treat)
C Pre-treat)
Gas Production (mls)

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
01.11.07 02.11.07 03.11.07 04.11.07 05.11.07 06.11.07

Date
First Generation Biowaste Plant, Lillehammer

The Lillehammer plant

Plant data GLØR Capacity Comments

Organic waste ABP Cat. III (may 14,000 t/a (as received) In operation since 2001
easily be upgraded to treat ABP
Cat II) 9 728 t (after pre-treatment) (operational hours 2006 –
8400 hours)

Biogas production + landfill gas 1,134,610 m3 (Landfill gas 795,708 m3)

Total electricity prod. 1,993,369 KWh (1,99 GWh) 772,986 kWh (Internal use)

(~38%)
Electricity for sale 1,220,383 KWh (1,22 GWh) To local net

Digestate after dewatering 1,466 t/a + sand & compost

Manning 3 persons

Location Lillehammer, (NO)

WWW.glor.no

Planned increased capacity in 2007: +25%

 THE ECOPRO PLANT
Digesters
Energy production

Thermal hydrolysis process

Pre-treatment area Two stage dewatering

Treatment of centrate
(reject water) from separator

75 m

Multifunctional plant: Capacity: 30-50,000

tonnes/year
120 m
Designed to fulfill the: “animal by-product
directive”
Price: 21,3 € mill. incl. building and “civil” excl.
gas engines.
Second generation biowaste plant - Ecopro

October 2007
Flow chart for biowaste treatment - Ecopro

Pre-treatment Thermal hydrolysis Digester(s)

combined heat & power

 Second generation biowaste plant - Ecopro
Main difference from Lillehammer:
Advanced pre-treatment
ABPR compliant (category II & III)
Multifunctional plant – Sludge & biowaste++
Plant data Ecopro Capacity *Upgraded Comments
version
Organic waste ABP Cat. 30,000 t/a *50,000 Can easily be
II & III + sludge (50/50) upgraded to 50
000 t/a
Biogas 18,9 GWh *29,6 GWh
+ Existing landfill gas 5,7 GWh 5,7 GWh
Electricity prod. 9,4 GWh *13,8 GWh
Fertilizer after 13,300 t/a *15,400 t/a
dewatering
Manning 5 persons 5 persons
Location Verdal, (NO)
Start up March 2008
Investment € 21 Mill *2 gas engines
€ 1,9 mill
 Energy Consumption in Pasteurization Systems

10000
Thermal energy per kg dry matter [kJ/kg]

 55 °C Thermophilic digestion
 70 °C Pasteurization
8000 102 °C Cambi (recycling of steam)

6000

4000

2000

0
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Dry matter [%DS]
 Conclusions

• Optimal pre-treatment solution/process

• Thermal hydrolysis has been shown to be a very efficient way of treating biowaste

• Stable and rapid process with high VS destruction

• Pathogen-free digestate with high dewaterability

• Can handle and treat inputs from multiple organic wastes

• 70-80% of all mechanical failures and shut downs can be tracked directly back to the waste quality and
the chosen pre-treatment process

• Cambi References, 15 projects built or ordered to a capacity of about 200,000 dry tonnes per year
 Thank you!

For Additional information, see paper

“Treating organic waste with Cambi® THP”

Wojtech.Sargalski*, Odd Egil Solheim*, Carsten

Fjordside*