AK Lab Manual For Fwinter 2019

Applied Kinesiology
ELECTIVE
CHSC 7403 001
Winter 2019
Presented by Thomas M. Redenbaugh, D.C

Applied Kinesiology
Winter 2019
ICAK-U.S.A. 1
Applied Kinesiology
• Syllabus
• Calendar
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David S. W alther, D.C.

1937 - 2008
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George Joseph Goodheart, Jr. , D.C.

(August 18, 1918 - March 05, 2008)
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Chapter 1
Introduction to Applied
Kinesiology
p. 2-28
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Applied Kinesiology
• Applied Kinesiology (AK) is a system for
evaluating body function that is unique in
the healing arts
• AK came into being in 1964 when George J.
Goodheart Jr., D.C. of Detroit, Michigan
began evaluating his patients’ muscles with
manual muscle tests
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• Sometimes a muscle tested weak with no

atrophy or other apparent reason for the
weakness
• He observed nodules at the origin of patient’s
serratus anticus muscle
• He goaded the nodules and strength returned
• Original AK technique of origin and insertion
treatment was presented at the charter meeting
of the American Chiropractic Association held in
Denver, Colorado in 1964
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Applied Kinesiology
• The technique of muscle testing
Goodheart used was that of Kendall and
Kendall now in its 5 th edition by Kendall
and McCreary
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Applied Kinesiology
• In AK the timing of the testing procedures
has been changed and additional
neurological hypotheses have been
developed
• Most muscle tests done in AK do not
evaluate the power a muscle can produce;
rather, they evaluate how the nervous
system controls muscle function.
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Applied Kinesiology
• The changes in muscle function observed
in AK MMT are assumed to be associated
with changes in the central integrative
state (CIS) of the anterior horn
motoneurons.
• The central integrative state (CIS) is
defined as the summation of all excitatory
inputs (ESPSs) and inhibitory inputs
(IPSPs) at the neuron.
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Applied Kinesiology
• The terms “conditionally facilitated” and “conditionally
inhibited” are more descriptive than strong and weak,
respectively.
• Although the terms “strong” and “weak” have generally
been maintained in keeping with their general use in
clinical practice, one should think in terms of the nervous
system rather than the actual power the muscle is
capable of producing.
• Occasionally in this setting the terms “conditionally
facilitated” and “conditionally inhibited” will be used
interchangeably with “strong” and weak”
ICAK-U.S.A. 17
Applied Kinesiology
• The initial development of AK was directed
toward correcting structural imbalance
caused by poorly functioning muscles.
• The main objective was to support
chiropractic adjustments of the spine,
pelvis, and other articulations.
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Applied Kinesiology
• In the early development of AK there were
only a few techniques for changing muscle
function.
• Sometimes the improved muscle function
lasted, with no return of dysfunction; on
other occasions, the improvement was
short lived.
• On still other occasions, a dysfunctioning
muscle could not be returned to normal.
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Applied Kinesiology
• Another early problem in AK was in the
apparent inconsistency in manual muscle
testing results.
• Over the years the inconsistency of MMT
has been largely overcome as the various
parameters that change the results of a
test have been discovered.
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Applied Kinesiology
• Those that persevered in their efforts to
determine why muscles tested weak found
that many therapeutic approaches were
applicable in improving muscle function.
• The major contribution AK makes to
standard diagnostic procedures is
functional evaluation.
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Functional Conditions
• It is important for the reader to understand
what is meant by the term “functional”
when applied to a condition.
• Hypoadrenia ≠ Addison’s Disease
• Relative stages
• Adrenal Stress Disorder
ICAK-U.S.A. 22
Applied Kinesiology
• AK recognizes that the body is self-maintaining,
self-correcting mechanism.
• W hen health is lost, something is interfering with
the body’s adaptability and it is unable to cope
with different environmental stresses.
• Examination effort is directed toward how the
body is dysfunctioning, the cause of the
dysfunction, and finally the therapeutic efforts
that will enable it to regain and maintain health.
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Triad of Health
• Structural
• Chemical
• Mental
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Triad of Health
• Medical Profession
– Chemicals to control
body function
• Nutritionists
– Building tissue and
providing the basic
raw materials for
normal body function
1 – 2.
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Triad of Health
• Psychiatrists
• Psychologists
• Counselors
1-3
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Triad of Health
• Emphasis on
examination of all 3
sides
• Directing therapeutic
efforts toward the basic
underlying cause of the
problem
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Structural Balance
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Structural Imbalance
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Applied Kinesiology
• Most of the examination and treatment
procedures in AK relate to the nervous,
lymphatic, and vascular systems, along with the
relationship of CSF with the cranial-sacral
primary respiratory motion, and with the
meridian system.
• Goodheart has related these five factors to the
IVF and coined the term “five factors of the IVF”
to describe the examination and therapeutic
approaches used in AK.
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Five Factors of the IVF
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• The “N” at the top of the triad refers to the
nervous system.
• Spinal subluxations
• Peripheral nerve entrapments
• Disturbance in neurotransmitters
• Improper stimulation of nerve receptors
• Nutrition
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• The “NL” stands for neurolymphatic
reflexes which are the Chapman reflexes
that have been incorporated into AK
• Other examination and therapeutic
approaches are also used to influence the
lymphatic system to help eliminate major
blockages and improve lymphatic flow.
ICAK-U.S.A. 34

• The “NV” stands for neurovascular
reflexes, which are the Bennett reflexes
that have been incorporated into AK.
• Although Bennet reflexes are located
throughout the body, AK primarily uses
those located on the head.
ICAK-U.S.A. 35

• The “CSF” of the five factors represents the
cerebrospinal fluid associated with the cranial-
sacral primary respiratory mechanism described
by Sutherland.
• It relates to the autonomous movement of the
bones of the skull, sacrum, and pelvis and has
become an important part of AK examination
and treatment.
• The influence of jaw function on the cranium is
included in both the “N” for nerve and “CSF” for
cerebrospinal fluid.
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• The “AMC” stands for the acupuncture
meridian connectors. The acupuncture
meridian system has become both an
important examination and therapeutic
aspect of AK.
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Applied Kinesiology
Chapter 2
General Examination
and Treatment
Procedures p. 29
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Postural Analysis p. 30
• Postural analysis is a major source of
information in AK
• It is one of three main methods used in AK
for quickly locating probable muscle
dysfunction.
• Use of a plumb line is recommended for
static evaluation.
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Applied Kinesiology
Chapter 8
Muscles - Testing and Function
P. 303
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The Science and Art of Manual
Muscle Testing p. 304
• Method of evaluating nerve function
• Evaluate disability from poliomyelitis
• Muscle function was graded, ranging from
paralyzed with no palpable contraction to
normal strength
• From this background, manual muscle
testing as used in Applied Kinesiology
developed …
ICAK-U.S.A. 52

• The current Applied Kinesiology use of
manual muscle testing varies considerably
from the historic testing of paralyzed
muscles
• It is a much more discernible type of
muscle testing to determine how muscle
function is adapted by the nervous system.
ICAK-U.S.A. 53

• Dr. Schmitt has used the phrase "muscle
testing as functional neurology," which
more aptly describes applied kinesiology
use of manual muscle testing.
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• There have been many attempts to
objectively quantitate the muscle test
• Cybex II, measures strength, both
isometrically and eccentrically
• Fixed transducers
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• Unger study correction of a Category II Pelvic
fault :
– Significant increase in muscle strength of the:
• pectoralis major sternal
• pectoralis major clavicular
• anterior deltoid
• latissimus dorsi
• psoas
• tensor fascia lata
• Adductor
• gluteus medius
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• Muscles identified as weak using applied
kinesiology manual muscle testing
methods are in a fundamentally different
state than those identified as strong.
• Muscles that test weak are fundamentally
different from fatigued muscles.
• The weakness identified by the AK manual
muscle test is not attributable to fatigue.
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• Applied Kinesiology muscle testing
procedures can be objectively evaluated
via quantifying the neurologic electrical
characteristics of muscles.
• The course and effect of Applied
Kinesiology treatment can be plotted
objectively over time.
ICAK-U.S.A. 58

• A study by Leisman et al measured the
way the central nervous system (brain) is
functioning when muscles test strong
versus when they test weak.
• Clear, consistent, and predictable
differences were identified in the brain
between weak and strong muscle test
outcomes.
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• This supports the idea that manual muscle
testing outcome changes reflect changes
in the central nervous system.
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• Rybeck and Swenson, in a controlled blind
study, evaluated the effect of subjects
chewing sugar by testing the latissimus
dorsi manually and against a force
transducer.
• The latissimus dorsi weakened significantly
over the control group when measured by
manual muscle testing, but it did not
against the force transducer.
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• Blaich and Mendenhall compared manual
and Cybex II muscle testing and found that
the two are statistically independent.
• W hat is measured manually cannot be
measured by the Cybex alone.
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• In this author's experience, there is a close
correlation between the Cybex II
dynamometer and manual muscle testing
when the cause of muscle weakness is
peripheral nerve entrapment, such as an
intervertebral disc.
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• W hen other factors — such as the cranial-
sacral primary respiratory mechanism,
active reflexes, or imbalanced meridian
energy — are at fault, correlation is poor
between manual muscle testing and the
Cybex II dynamometer.
ICAK-U.S.A. 64

• It appears that the major difference
between testing against fixed transducers,
whether isometric or concentric, is that the
muscle is required to simply produce
power
• In manual muscle testing, the muscle is
required to adapt to the changing pressure
of the examiner's force.
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• This requires effective function of the
gamma system adjusting the
neuromuscular spindle cell, and proper
interpretation of its afferent supply and
response by the neuraxis.
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• The manual muscle test, as generally
described, starts with the examiner asking
the patient to resist as he applies force to
the patient.
• W ith the examiner's application of force, a
sensation of muscle locking is perceived.
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• It appears that a major factor in this type of
test is the ability of the patient's nervous
system to lock the muscle against the
examiner's pressure, and to continue
adapting the muscle to meet the changing
• Often the examiner perceives a muscle as
weak because it is late in adapting to his
changing pressure.
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• Often the examiner perceives a muscle as
weak because it is late in adapting to his
changing pressure.
• If the examiner applies pressure very
slowly, allowing additional time for the
muscle to adapt to it, the muscle will be
perceived as strong.
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• It has been generally assumed that manual
muscle tests are tests of 'strength'; that is, of the
force with which the patient resists the tester.
• Our data indicates that time required to move
the limb through a certain range of motion
multiplied by the average force of resistance
applied during that range was the factor most
highly correlated with the tester's perception of
deficits in strength."
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• A manual muscle test that takes the
muscle from isometric to eccentric
contraction is called the "break test
technique" by the group at the Institute of
Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma.
• This type of manual muscle testing more
closely parallels that of Applied
Kinesiology than any other.
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• Presently the best "instrument" to perform
manual muscle testing is a well-trained
examiner, using his perception of time and
force with knowledge of anatomy and
physiology of muscle testing
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• W ith this combination there has been
positive agreement in some interexaminer
reliability studies. Conable and Hanicke14
found 78.2% agreement between two
trained muscle testers when each was
blind to the other's findings.
• After correcting cranial faults and ocular
lock, there was 100% agreement between
them.
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• This brings up an important factor
regarding the results of manual muscle
testing.
• The subject being tested may change the
parameters of the test unknown to the
examiner.
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• When cranial faults are present the phase
of respiration that the patient takes or
holds during the test has a bearing on
muscle strength.
• In fact, individuals with disturbance in the
cranial-sacral primary respiratory
mechanism will often innately take and
hold the phase of respiration that gives
optimal function to the muscle.
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• In other respects, subjects who have
muscles that are poorly controlled by the
nervous system will innately attempt to
change the test parameter in any way,
such as recruiting other muscles, in an
attempt to perform the test adequately.
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• In a double-blind study, Jacobs found
81.9% agreement between two testers.
• There was no control of other factors —
such as cranial faults and ocular lock as in
the Conable/Hanicke study.
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Factors that Influence Muscle

Testing p. 306
• Consistent timing
• The most crucial portion of applying
pressure in a muscle test is at the
beginning.
• “Doctor-induced“ - Gamma I test, GI
– Is the most common type of testing.
• “Patient-induced" - Gamma II test, G2
• Gamma II test, G2 submax
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Testing p. 306
• Gamma I, GI, Type I
– Type 1 test is used as a general screening test.
• Most of the techniques in Chapters 2, 3, 6, and 7
of this text are used to correct this type of
weakness.
• This includes spinal manipulation of
subluxations, joint manipulation, reflex and
trigger point treatment, and meridian point
stimulation, among other treatments
ICAK-U.S.A. 79

Testing p. 306
• Type 2 test indicates suprasegmental
(supraspinal) problems.
• These include chemical imbalances such
as nutritional needs and hypothalamic
monitored activities, e.g., electrolyte
imbalances, autonomic imbalance, and
stomatognathic system problems.
ICAK-U.S.A. 80

Testing p. 306
• Type 3 weakness relates to the withdrawal
reflexes following injury, allergy and
hypersensitivity type reactions, systemic
functional endocrine imbalances, and
visual motor problems such as functional
problems with accommodation reflexes.
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Testing p. 307
• A major objective of manual muscle
testing in applied kinesiology is to isolate
the muscle being tested to the maximum.
• In all tests — with the exception of the
muscles that move the distal phalanges of
the fingers and toes — there is some
synergism taking place.
ICAK-U.S.A. 82

Testing p. 307
• The starting position for the muscle test is
that which places the muscle being tested
at the greatest advantage, with the
synergists at a disadvantage.
• W hen the prime mover being tested is
weak, the patient's natural reaction is to
shift the test position to recruit synergistic
muscles.
ICAK-U.S.A. 83

Testing p. 307
• An expert muscle tester learns as much or
more from observing what the patient does
as from the perception of force produced
by the tested muscle.
• An example is how the side-lying patient
with a weak gluteus medius will posteriorly
rotate the pelvis on the side being tested
to align the tensor fascia lata for hip
abduction.
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Testing p. 307
• The muscle being tested must operate
from a stable base.
• In most cases this requires the examiner
to stabilize the structure from which the
muscle originates
• The patient may attempt to shift the base
from which the tested muscle originates,
or there may be failure of the patient's
muscles to stabilize the base.
ICAK-U.S.A. 85

Testing p. 308
• The results of the muscle test may be
influenced if the patient experiences pain
during the test.
• W hen attempting to produce maximum
muscle power, it may be pain that causes
the muscle to let go rather than fatigue or
muscle weakness
ICAK-U.S.A. 86

Testing p. 308
• Usually it is obvious when pain causes the
muscle to test weak; however, one should
advise the patient to indicate when the test
is painful.
• The presence of pain does not mean that
the test cannot be performed; in fact,
additional valuable information can often
be gained.
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Testing p. 308
• For example, when one of the rotator cuff
muscles tests weak with shoulder pain, the
patient can often perform the test very
well, without pain, when therapy localizing
to the neurolymphatic reflex, holding a
certain phase of respiration, or adding
some other applied kinesiology factor.
ICAK-U.S.A. 88

Testing p. 308
• This not only helps the examiner
determine the cause of shoulder
dysfunction, it is also strong positive
feedback to the patient that the doctor
understands the condition.
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Therapy Localization
p. 37
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Applied Kinesiology
The following is meant as a guide and

general information. Please make
appropriate notes during lecture and
lab to augment this outline.
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5 Factors of the IVF
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Neurolymphatic Reflexes
• Frank Chapman, D.O.
• 1930’s
• Chapman’s original observation linked the
reflexes with specific organ and gland
functions
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Neurolymphatics
• Goodheart was able to correlate the NL
organ association with specific muscles
• MMT provides an objective method for
determining the need for and the success
of NL stimulation
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Neurolymphatics
• Located:
– primarily along the anterior inter-costal spaces
– anterior abdomen down to the pubis
– posteriorly along the spinal column
• Active neurolymphatic points can usually
be palpated and are quite tender
• Tenderness is usually in direct ratio to the
chronicity and severity of the condition
ICAK-U.S.A. 115
Neurolymphatics
• Palpatory evidence of the NL reflex changes with
chronicity
• Less chronic
– puffy
– doughy feeling over the entire reflex area
• More chronic
– puffiness concentrates into globules the size of lima beans
• Most chronic
– feels like many small “BB’s” in the subcutaneous fat
• Posterior reflexes are usually less tender (therefore we
use the anterior points for diagnosis)
• Active point will demonstrate positive TL of the anterior
point
ICAK-U.S.A. 116
Neurolymphatics
• Treatment
– Rotary massage
– Originally pressure used was light
• about what you can stand on your eyeball
– Heavier and deeper for a shorter time
– More pressure > less time
– ~20-30 seconds
– Treat both anterior and posterior points at the
same time
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Neurolymphatics
• Upon successful stimulation of the NL
there will be a dramatic improvement of
the associated muscle on MMT
• Recheck muscle
• Recheck muscle with TL of the previously
active NL point
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Neurovascular Reflexes
• Early 1930’s
• California
• Dr. Terrence Bennett
• Locations about the head that influenced
vascularity of different organs and
structures
• Mid 1960’s Goodheart
• Neurovascular Reflexes
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• Goodheart found that a specific muscle
responded to only one reflex
• Most reflexes influenced more than one
muscle
• Three NV reflex points demonstrate a one
point to one muscle correlation
• May pertain to the ectodermal unfolding of
the embryo, relating the general nervous
system with the skin receptors
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• Find an inhibited muscle
• Correlate that muscle with it’s point on the
chart
• Active point demonstrates positive TL
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Treatment
• The physician uses his/her fingertips to contact
the NV point and gives a slight tug to the skin
• A skin pulsation should be felt, if not…
• alter the vector until it is
• Once pulsation is felt, hold for 20-30 seconds
• With some cases it may be necessary to hold
the stimulation for up to five minutes before
evidence of effective treatment is present
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• Improvement of the associated muscle
function on manual muscle testing is
evidence of effective treatment
• Recheck the muscle
• Recheck muscle with TL of the previously
active NV point
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CSF
• Cerebral Spinal Fluid
• Cranial Sacral Primary Respiratory
Mechanism
• Autonomous movement of the bones of
the skull, sacrum, and pelvis
• Influence of jaw function on the cranium is
included in both the “N” for nerve and
“CSF” for cerebrospinal fluid
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CSF
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CSF
1. Find an inhibited muscle
2. Have patient inhale fully and retest
muscle
3. If inhibited muscle strengthens there is
an inhalation assist cranial fault,
4. If no change, have patient exhale fully
5. If inhibited muscle strengthens there is
an exhalation assist cranial fault
ICAK-U.S.A. 130
CSF
6. Patient lays supine, doc sits at head of table
7. Have patient TL first one mastoid process and check
indicator muscle then the other mastoid process and
check indicator muscle
8. For an inhalation assist cranial fault, push P-A on the
appropriate mastoid with 4-5 pounds of pressure for 4-
5 seconds, 4-5 times
9. For an exhalation assist cranial fault, push A-P on the
appropriate mastoid with 4-5 pounds of pressure for 4-
5 seconds, 4-5 times
10. Recheck muscle
11. Recheck muscle with POR
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AMC
Acupuncture Meridian Connector
• Acupuncture
• Meridian Therapy – thousands of years old
• Introduced into AK in 1966
• Diagnosis and understanding why there
may be an imbalance of energy in the
system
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AMC
• Meridian therapy
• Energy (electromagnetic) chi
• Chi, Qi, or Ki
• Flow of this energy through twelve bilateral
meridians
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AMC
• Chiropractors have been affecting the
energy level in the meridians since the
profession first began in 1895
• Chiropractic adjustments of the spine and
extremities influences the meridian system
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AMC
• Many parallels between meridian therapy
and chiropractic
• Both work to balance and release life force
• Both are dedicated to the prevention of
disease
• Both use natural approaches to enable the
body to heal itself
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AMC
• Goodheart found that muscles that tested
weak were sometimes associated with
imbalance of energy within the meridian
system
• The meridian-muscle association closely
followed the previously developed muscle-
organ/gland association
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AMC
• Associated points are located on the
Bladder Meridian along the spine
• Tends to be an active associated point
adjacent to a subluxated vertebra or
conversely a subluxation adjacent to an
active associated point
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AMC
• Each of the twelve meridians has an alarm point
• Only the lung, liver, and gallbladder meridians
have their alarm points on their meridians
(bilateral)
• Liver meridian has the spleen alarm point
(bilateral)
• Gallbladder meridian has the kidney alarm point
(bilateral)
• Stomach meridian has the LI alarm point
(bilateral)
• Six alarm points on the CV (centrally located)
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AMC
• W hen a meridian is out of balance, the
alarm point is tender
• W hen patient complains of spontaneous
pain at an alarm point, the meridian is
probably over-active
• W hen there is tenderness on palpation but
no spontaneous pain, the meridian is
probably under-active
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AMC
2. Therapy Localize the alarm point
associated with the inhibited muscle
3. If muscle strengthens – meridian is
involved
4. Tap the tonification point for 30 secs
5. Recheck muscle
6. Recheck muscle with TL of the previously
active alarm point
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Nerve
2. Therapy localize the nerve root area with
a broad hand contact
3. If muscle strengthens a subluxation is
involved
4. Therapy localize individual spinous
processes (with one finger instead of a
broad hand contact) until muscle
strengthens
ICAK-U.S.A. 145
Nerve/Nutrition
• Using an indicator muscle:
– Direct Challenge
• push on transverse process and hold
• Adjust into strength
– Rebound Challenge
• push on the transverse process and release
• adjust into weakness
ICAK-U.S.A. 146
Nerve/Nutrition
5. Adjust
6. Recheck muscle
7. Recheck muscle with TL of the previously
active broad hand contact of nerve root
ICAK-U.S.A. 147
49
49
5 Factors of the IVF
• Find an inhibited muscle
• Test the 5 Factors in any order
– TL all of the 5 Factors except CSF
• Fix in any order (Remember I favor “N”)
• Remember that the only way that MMT can talk
to us is with a change in muscle strength
• Recheck muscle
• Recheck the muscle with the previously positive
TL or POR
ICAK-U.S.A. 148
Applied Kinesiology
Neurologic
Disorganization
ICAK-U.S.A. 149
When a person is healthy,

muscles function in a
predictable manner.
ICAK-U.S.A. 150
50
50
Under certain conditions,
muscles should test strong
with manual muscle testing;
under other conditions, they
normally test weak.
ICAK-U.S.A. 151
Please remember that strong and

weak are really referring to
facilitated and inhibited.
ICAK-U.S.A. 152
An example of this is shoulder

flexor and extensor facilitation
and inhibition during gait.
ICAK-U.S.A. 153
51
51
Shoulder Flexors
• Anterior Deltoid
• Coracobrachialis
• Pectoralis Major Clavicular
ICAK-U.S.A. 154
Shoulder Extensors
• Latissimus Dorsi
• Teres Major
• Posterior Deltoid
ICAK-U.S.A. 155
This can easily be demonstrated

in a normal individual by first
testing the general shoulder
flexors and extensors with the
person standing; normally the
muscles will test strong.
ICAK-U.S.A. 156
52
52
When the subject is put in a
simulated gait position, there will
be inhibition of one of the groups.
The simulated gait position

is static, with the majority of
weight on the leading leg.
ICAK-U.S.A. 157
In this position, the shoulder

flexors on the leading leg side
and the extensors on the trailing
leg side test weak, which is the
normal function coinciding with
the arm swing of gait.
ICAK-U.S.A. 158
Inhibition of the shoulder flexors

or extensors with gait position
results from the change of
stimulation to the proprioceptors
of the joints, muscles, and skin.
ICAK-U.S.A. 159
53
53
This afferent supply is then
mediated in the central nervous
system to cause facilitation and
inhibition of not only the
shoulder flexors and extensors
but also all other muscles
alternately active during gait.
ICAK-U.S.A. 160
This normal action can be

disturbed if there is improper
transmission from the afferent
receptors.
ICAK-U.S.A. 161
For one reason or another, it

appears that any of the receptors
can be stimulated or malfunction
to create inappropriate afferent
impulses.
ICAK-U.S.A. 162
54
54
The central nervous system,
acting on the erroneous afferent
information, causes inappropriate
facilitation and inhibition of
muscles.
ICAK-U.S.A. 163
164
ICAK-U.S.A.
Neurologic disorganization
appears to result from afferent
receptors sending conflicting
information for interpretation by
the central nervous system.
ICAK-U.S.A. 165
55
55
The pencils placed under the 1st
and 5th metatarsals stimulate the
forefoot in a manner different
from the normal gait position.
ICAK-U.S.A. 166
The receptors in the rest of the

foot, ankle, leg, knee, hips, and
pelvis continue to send
information of a normal gait
position.
ICAK-U.S.A. 167
Since the central nervous

system can only act on the
information it receives, the
resulting inhibition and facilitation
of muscles is not in keeping with
the gait position.
ICAK-U.S.A. 168
56
56
Subluxations of the foot appear
to improperly stimulate the joint
receptors in a manner similar to
the simulated subluxations
caused by the pencils.
ICAK-U.S.A. 169
Improper afferent stimulation is

not limited to joint subluxations.
The many types of nerve
receptors in the body can be
inappropriately stimulated in a
manner similar to the
demonstration with pencils under
the forefoot.
ICAK-U.S.A. 170
Trauma to ligaments, muscles,

fascia, skin, and many other
structures can parallel the
improper stimulation to nerve
receptors in the "pencil under the
forefoot" demonstration.
ICAK-U.S.A. 171
57
57
Disorganization from these
factors relates to the structural
side of the triad of health.
Inappropriate stimulation to the
chemical and mental sides of the
triad can also be responsible for
unpredictable muscle function in
a manual test.
ICAK-U.S.A. 172
Early in Applied Kinesiology Dr.

Goodheart recognized
unpredictable muscle function. A
high shoulder without upper
trapezius involvement is usually
caused by a weak latissimus
dorsi muscle.
ICAK-U.S.A. 173
In some cases, the latissimus

dorsi fails to test weak on the
high shoulder side; rather, it tests
weak on the low shoulder side.
ICAK-U.S.A. 174
58
58
Another example is muscle
weakness associated with a
deficient meridian.
ICAK-U.S.A. 175
If the circulation sex meridian is

deficient on the right and normal
on the left, weakness of the
gluteus maximus and medius —
if present — should be on the
right.
ICAK-U.S.A. 176
An example of disorganization is
when the gluteus maximus is
weak on the left and the gluteus
medius weak on the right.
ICAK-U.S.A. 177
59
59
Since disorganization is often
related to right and left switching
of function, the term "switching"
was coined to describe the
disorganization.
ICAK-U.S.A. 178
When using manual muscle

testing as an indicator for
therapeutic approach, it is
necessary that the nervous
system be organized to provide
correct information; otherwise,
therapy might be directed to the
wrong area.
ICAK-U.S.A. 179
Disorganization may also result

in failure to find dysfunction, or
may indicate problems that are
not actually present.
ICAK-U.S.A. 180
60
60
The standard AK method for
determining if a person is
neurologically disorganized is
testing KI 27 with therapy
localization. Positive findings
indicate probable neurologic
disorganization.
ICAK-U.S.A. 181
An example of and common test

for neurologic disorganization is
"ocular lock," which is a failure of
the eyes to work together
effectively.
ICAK-U.S.A. 182
When the eyes are turned in a

specific direction and a
previously strong muscle
weakens, it is a positive ocular
lock.
ICAK-U.S.A. 183
61
61
Ocular lock can also be observed
when the examiner moves his
finger in a circle for the patient's
eyes to follow. This is first done
clockwise or counterclockwise,
and a previously strong indicator
muscle is tested for weakening.
ICAK-U.S.A. 184
Ocular lock can usually be

temporarily eliminated by
treatment of KI 27-umbilicus.
ICAK-U.S.A. 185
KI 27-Umbilicus. KI 27-umbilicus
stimulation is indicated when
there is positive therapy
localization at KI 27 and lack of
predictable results with manual
muscle testing.
ICAK-U.S.A. 186
62
62
One must remember that therapy
localization tells that something is
dysfunctioning at the area being
therapy localized, but it does not
tell what.
ICAK-U.S.A. 187
ICAK-U.S.A. 188
In the general area of KI 27 there

could also be a positive
neurolymphatic reflex for the
intrinsic spinal muscles,
subluxation or strain of the
sternoclavicular articulation, or
1st rib subluxation.
ICAK-U.S.A. 189
63
63
The KI 27-umbilicus method of
treating neurologic
disorganization is to first
vigorously stimulate one KI 27
and the umbilicus for about
twenty seconds; then the other KI
27 point is vigorously stimulated
along with the umbilicus for
twenty seconds.
ICAK-U.S.A. 190
When neurologic disorganization

is treated by stimulating KI 27-
umbilicus, umbilicus- auxiliary KI
27, or GV-CV treatment, the
correction is only temporary
unless the cause of the
neurologic disorganization is
also found and corrected.
ICAK-U.S.A. 191
To find the cause of neurologic

disorganization, positive therapy
localization at KI 27 is used as a
tool for further examination.
ICAK-U.S.A. 192
64
64
The basic concept is to use
Applied Kinesiology examination
tools to find what eliminates the
positive therapy localization to KI
27.
ICAK-U.S.A. 193
For example, the patient therapy

localizes to bilateral KI 27 points
and a strong indicator muscle is
tested. When the indicator
muscle tests weak with the
therapy localization, there is
evidence of switching.
ICAK-U.S.A. 194
The examiner proceeds to evaluate

various areas and functions of the body,
as indicated by body language. For
example, the examiner may observe
calluses under the mid-distal
metatarsals, indicating a dropped
metatarsal arch that would be similar to
the example of placing pencils under
the 1st and 5th metatarsals.
ICAK-U.S.A. 195
65
65
Using this clue, he has the
patient continue to therapy
localize the KI 27 points while he
challenges the metatarsal bones
in a direction for probable
correction.
ICAK-U.S.A. 196
If the dropped metatarsal arch is

the cause of the neurologic
disorganization, the positive KI
27 therapy localization will be
eliminated when the proper
vector of correction is obtained.
ICAK-U.S.A. 197
Structural.
The most common cause of
neurologic disorganization is
dysfunction of the cranial-sacral
primary respiratory mechanism.
ICAK-U.S.A. 198
66
66
It may require treatment to the
stomatognathic system in
general, which includes jaw
function, dental occlusion, cranial
faults, and cervical spine function.
ICAK-U.S.A. 199
To evaluate the stomatognathic

system as a cause of neurologic
disorganization, one uses the
tools of Applied Kinesiology to
determine what will eliminate the
positive therapy localization to
KI 27.
ICAK-U.S.A. 200
It may be eliminated by a phase of

respiration, challenge to an area of the
skull, having the patient stretch the jaw
wide open, or moving the jaw into a
certain position. Movement of the jaw
pulls on the bones of the skull by way
of the masticatory muscles and, in
effect, is a type of challenge to the
skull.
ICAK-U.S.A. 201
67
67
Unless the basic underlying cause
of switching is found, it is
mandatory to use the unswitching
techniques previously described
before treatment so that improper
treatment is not applied as a
result of erroneous examination
findings.
ICAK-U.S.A. 202
When a patient has positive

therapy localization to KI 27, the
only factors that should be
treated are those which, when
challenged, therapy localized, or
otherwise evaluated, eliminate
the positive KI 27.
ICAK-U.S.A. 203
Whenever the stomatognathic

system is treated, the pelvis
should be evaluated for
Category I, II, and III faults.
The sacrum should also be
routinely evaluated when cranial
faults have been corrected.
ICAK-U.S.A. 204
68
68
The second most common cause
of neurologic disorganization on a
structural basis is foot
dysfunction, which may be
excessive pronation, tarsal tunnel
syndrome, individual
subluxations, and/or muscle
dysfunction.
ICAK-U.S.A. 205
Chemical.
Chemical causes of in-the-clear
neurologic disorganization
usually relate to some form of
nutrition, which in one way or
another influences the
neurotransmitters.
ICAK-U.S.A. 206
Mental.
Mental causes of neurologic
disorganization may be intrinsic
to the patient's physiology, or
extrinsic in his environment and
interaction with people.
ICAK-U.S.A. 207
69
69
Sometimes positive TL to KI 27
can be eliminated by having the
patient therapy localize to the
bilateral frontal bone eminences.
ICAK-U.S.A. 208
This is the location of the

neurovascular points for the
pectoralis major (clavicular
division). Successful treatment to
the emotional neurovascular
points will eliminate the positive
therapy localization to KI-27.
ICAK-U.S.A. 209
Applied Kinesiology
ICAK-U.S.A. 210
70
70
Chiropractic
Subluxation
ICAK-U.S.A. 211
Chiropractic
• Chiropractic is a health care discipline
which emphasizes the inherent
recuperative power of the body to heal
itself without the use of drugs or surgery.
• The practice of chiropractic focuses on the
relationship between structure (primarily
the spine) and function (as coordinated by
the nervous system) and how that
relationship affects the preservation and
restoration of health.
ICAK-U.S.A. 212
Chiropractic
Chiropractic is concerned with the

preservation and restoration of
health, and focuses particular
attention on the subluxation.
ICAK-U.S.A. 213
71
71
Subluxation
A subluxation is a complex of
functional and/or structural and/or
pathological articular changes that
compromise neural integrity and
may influence organ system
function and general health.
ICAK-U.S.A. 214
ICAK-U.S.A. 215
Vertebral Fixations p. 86
Many in chiropractic have used

the terms “subluxation” and
“fixation” interchangeably.
ICAK-U.S.A. 216
72
72
In Applied Kinesiology, we
recognize that there are
fundamental differences between
the two and we will explain the
functional differences between
the two as observed by manual
muscle testing.
ICAK-U.S.A. 217
Difference between Subluxations

and Fixations
• Structures Involved
• Muscle Weakness
• Therapy Localization
• Challenge
• Static X-ray
• Motion X-ray
• Correction
ICAK-U.S.A. 218
Structures Involved - Subluxation

One specific structure of the spinal
column is involved in a subluxation. It
can be a vertebra, a portion of the pelvis,
or the occiput that is out of normal
function with the rest of the spinal
column.
ICAK-U.S.A. 219
73
73
Structures Involved - Fixation
In a fixation complex a minimum
of two structures will be involved,
and they will have restricted
movement between them.
Usually three vertebrae are
involved in a fixation; however,
there may be two or up to five
(and possibly even more)
ICAK-U.S.A. 220
Muscle Weakness - Subluxation

There is no consistency of muscle
weakness associated with
vertebral subluxations. The wide
range of neurologic ramifications
can cause almost any muscle
associated with a specific spinal
subluxation to be weak.
ICAK-U.S.A. 221
Muscle Weakness - Fixation

There are specific
bilateral muscular
weaknesses associated
with vertebral fixations
ICAK-U.S.A. 222
74
74
Therapy Localization - Subluxation
Therapy localization over a
subluxation will cause a strong
indicator muscle to weaken, or a
muscle weak as a result of the
subluxation to strengthen.
ICAK-U.S.A. 223
Therapy Localization - Fixation

With therapy localization over a
vertebral fixation, a previously
strong indicator muscle will not
weaken unless there is an attempt
to introduce motion into the
fixation complex.
ICAK-U.S.A. 224
Therapy Localization - Fixation
Therapy localization over a fixation

will strengthen the bilateral muscle
weakness associated with the
fixation.
ICAK-U.S.A. 225
75
75
Challenge -Subluxation
The vertebra or other
spinal structure is
challenged with a single
point of contact.
ICAK-U.S.A. 226
Challenge - Fixation
There will usually be no reaction to
a single-point challenge. Challenge
is accomplished by challenging
two vertebrae at the same time,
usually by pressing in opposite
directions on the spinous or
transverse processes.
ICAK-U.S.A. 227
Static X-ray - Subluxation
A subluxated vertebra is
usually observable as
misaligned on a static x-
ray film.
ICAK-U.S.A. 228
76
76
Static X-ray - Fixation
Generally no
misalignment between
fixed spinal structures is
observed on x-ray.
ICAK-U.S.A. 229
Motion X-ray -Subluxation
Serial static x-rays or

cineroentgenography will
usually show aberrant
movement of the
subluxated vertebra.
ICAK-U.S.A. 230
Motion X-ray - Fixation

There will usually be
hypokinesis of the spinal
fixation complex
ICAK-U.S.A. 231
77
77
Correction - Subluxation
A subluxation can be
adjusted with a single
point of contact.
ICAK-U.S.A. 232
Correction - Fixation
A fixation requires a two-handed
contact or some other method of
stabilizing one of the structures
while the other in manipulated,
because a single-handed contact
just moves the entire complex
rather than unlocking the
mechanism.
ICAK-U.S.A. 233
Bilateral Muscle Weakness of

Fixations
Appears to relate with the
equilibrium proprioceptors located
in the ligaments along the spine.
ICAK-U.S.A. 234
78
78
The most thoroughly studied
spinal equilibrium proprioceptors
are the tonic neck receptors in
the infant or head-on-neck
receptors in the adult.
ICAK-U.S.A. 235
Their location relates with the

upper cervical fixation and its
associated bilateral gluteus
maximus weakness
ICAK-U.S.A. 236
Schmitt demonstrated that

contraction of the neck extensor
muscles to forcefully extend the
head on the neck causes
weakness in previously strong
bilateral gluteus maximus
muscles as long as the
contraction is held.
ICAK-U.S.A. 237
79
79
A belt can be tightly placed
around the innominate bones to
create an artificial sacroiliac
articulation fixation with
concomitant cervical extensor
muscle weakness.
ICAK-U.S.A. 238
Evaluation and Correction

• General localization of a fixation complex
is found by bilateral muscle weakness
• Not all bilateral muscle weakness will have
an associated fixation complex
– could be one or more of the 5 factors
• Therapy localization over the spinal
fixation will strengthen the bilateral muscle
weakness
ICAK-U.S.A. 239
Fixation Scan
• Neck Extensors
– Group (Lumbars)
– Right (Right SI)
– Left (Left SI)
– Both Left and Right (Sacrum)
• Lower Trapezius (Dorsolumbar Junction)
• Middle Deltoid (Cervicothoraci Junction)
• Teres Major (Thoracics)
• Gluteus Maximus (Upper Cervical)
• Popliteus (Lower Cervical)
• Psoas (Occipital)
ICAK-U.S.A. 240
80
80
Neck Extensors (Group) - Lumbars
ICAK-U.S.A. 241
Neck Extensors Right – Right SI Neck Extensors Left – Lef t SI
Neck Extensors Bilateral-Sacrum
ICAK-U.S.A. 242
Lower Trap – Dorsolumbar Junction
ICAK-U.S.A. 243
81
81
Middle Deltoid – Cervicodorsal
ICAK-U.S.A. 244
Teres Major - Thoracic
ICAK-U.S.A. 245
Gluteus Maximus – Upper Cervical
ICAK-U.S.A. 246
82
82
Popliteus – Lower Cervicals
ICAK-U.S.A. 247
Psoas - Occipital
ICAK-U.S.A. 248
Procedure
• Step 1 finds the vertebrae involved in the
fixation complex
• Step 2 determines the direction in which
the vertebral motion is limited
• Step 3 locates the vertebrae of the
complex that are the keys to restoration of
mobility
ICAK-U.S.A. 249
83
83
Step 1
• Identify the general area of fixation by testing for
bilateral muscle weakness of the muscles
associated with fixation.
• Palpate for motion between adjacent vertebrae
by pressing on the spinous processes or TVP’s
to rotate them in opposite directions.
• Judge the motion available between the
vertebrae; then reverse contacts to rotate them
in the opposite direction.
• Progressively evaluate motion between
vertebrae until you establish the upper and lower
limits of the fixation group.
ICAK-U.S.A. 250
1 2 3 4
ICAK-U.S.A. 251
ICAK-U.S.A. 252
84
84
Step 2
• The fixation complex will be able to rotate easlity
in one direction but will resist movement in the
opposite direction
• The top vertebra found in step one is the key
• Press the spinous process both left and right
and note which direction moves more easily and
which has more resistance.
• You can also press on the transverse or
mamillary processes and observe for resistance
on one side.
ICAK-U.S.A. 253
Step 2
• The complex is considered locked
posteriorly or anteriorly.
• Reference to posterior and anterior relates
only to movement ability not to the
directional misalignment considered in
vertebral subluxation analysis.
ICAK-U.S.A. 254
Step 2
• If the right transverse process resists
anterior movement, it indicates that the
vertebra is locked posteriorly on that side.
• This is listed as a right posterior fixation.
• This then would indicate that the left side
is locked anteriorly so the complex would
be a left anterior fixation and a right
posterior one.
ICAK-U.S.A. 255
85
85
ICAK-U.S.A. 256
Step 3
• The primary side of fixation is found by
comparing bilaterally the resistance to digital
pressure applied by the examiner over the facet
articulations of the top two vertebra
• First, press anteriorly on one articulation and
then on the other, making comparison.
• One side will resist more than the other,
indicating the primary side of fixation.
ICAK-U.S.A. 257
Step 3
• If the fixation is on the posterior side, the top
vertebra of the complex is adjusted on the
vertebra immediately below.
• If the fixation is an anterior one, the bottom
vertebra of the complex is adjusted on the
vertebra above
• Only the top two or bottom two vertebrae are
manipulated, but the entire complex will unlock
regardless of the number involved.
ICAK-U.S.A. 258
86
86
Press I – S on the left, then
press I – S on the right.
The side that produces the
most resistance is the
primary side.
ICAK-U.S.A. 259
The Adjustment
• The contact points for unlocking a fixation are
the transverse processes in the thoracic spine,
mamillary processes in the lumbar spine, and
laminae in the cervical spine.
• The contact point for the vertebra adjacent to the
top or bottom one is on the side opposite the
fixation.
• The top or bottom vertebra is contacted on the
side opposite the adjacent vertebra.
ICAK-U.S.A. 260
• The pattern, then, is to contact the top vertebra

in a posterior fixation on the side of fixation, or
the bottom vertebra on the side opposite the
fixation.
• The manipulation to unlock a fixation is a two-
step thrust. The first thrust is on top or bottom
vertebra of the complex as indicated.
• Almost immediately following there is a quick
thrust from the opposite hand on the adjacent
vertebra.
ICAK-U.S.A. 261
87
87
• There is usually an audible release;
however, it is not necessary for effective
correction.
• Effectiveness is indicated by strengthening
of the bilateral muscle weakness, and no
positive therapy localization combined with
spinal movement of the area.
ICAK-U.S.A. 262
Unusual Corrections
• Occipital Fixation Complex
– Palpate for tender nodule at Inferior Nuchal
Line
– LOC from nodule to glabella
• SI Fixation Complex
– Simply open up the joint
• Posterior Sacral Fixation Complex
– Adjust P-A & M-L at Sacral Ala
ICAK-U.S.A. 263
Occipital Fixation p. 90
ICAK-U.S.A. 264
88
88
Sacroiliac Fixation p.93
• Indicated when the unilateral neck
extensors test weak with the other side
strong
• Therapy localization to the sacroliliac
strengthens the neck extensor weakness
• Must diff dx from a Cat I and Cat II.
• Correct with an adjustive thrust to
separate the innominate from the sacrum
ICAK-U.S.A. 265
Sacroiliac Fixation
• Often, correcting hypertonicity of the
piriformis or psoas is all that is necessary
to eliminate a sacroiliac fixation
• There may be a subclinical fixation
– unilateral cervical extensors test strong in the
clear but weaken with TL of the SI
– With a true subclinical fixation only the
cervical extensors will weaken with the TL
ICAK-U.S.A. 266
Sacroiliac Fixation
• W ith a subclinical fixation there is often a
respiratory pattern
• W hile the patient is TL’ing the SI, have
them hold a deep phase of respiration to
determine if it abolishes the positiveTL
– If so, correct with a medial vector of force on
the PSIS in the case of an inspiration assist
– and a lateral vector of force on the PSIS in the
case of an expiration assist
ICAK-U.S.A. 267
89
89
Sacrum
• Indicated when testing neck extensors and
head rotation to each side produces a
weak muscle test
• Analyze with the same three step process.
• Step 1 – identify the stack (In this case it is
the sacrum that you have already
identified.
• Step 2 – Find the rotation
ICAK-U.S.A. 268
Press right to left and then left to

right on the S2 tubercle. If you
meet more resistance pushing right
to left the sacrum is left posterior.
Step 2 is to induce theta Y rotation by either pushing on

the S2 tubercle or on the ala.
Press P-A on the left ala and

then on the right ala. If you
meet more resistance pushing
on the left ala, the sacrum is
left posterior.
ICAK-U.S.A. 269
Move in close to the S2 tubercle and press I-S first on the left and then
on the right. The side that meets the most resistance is the primary
side.
ICAK-U.S.A. 270
90
90
Right Posterior Sacral Fixation
Complex
ICAK-U.S.A. 271
Left Anterior Sacral Fixation

Complex
ICAK-U.S.A. 272
Applied Kinesiology
Low Back Scan
ICAK-U.S.A. 273
91
91
Low Back Scan
Supine
• Abdominals (p. 316)
– Straight (lean back 30 degrees)
– Obliques
• Shoulder back - internal obliques
• Shoulder forward - external obliques
ICAK-U.S.A. 274
ICAK-U.S.A. 275
ICAK-U.S.A. 276
92
92
ICAK-U.S.A. 277
ICAK-U.S.A. 278
Low Back Scan

Supine
• Quadratus Lumborum (10 degrees away) (p.
372)
ICAK-U.S.A. 279
93
93
ICAK-U.S.A. 280
Low Back Scan

Supine
• Rectus Femoris
• Iliacus (p. 326)
• Psoas (p. 325)
ICAK-U.S.A. 281
ICAK-U.S.A. 282
94
94
ICAK-U.S.A. 283
ICAK-U.S.A. 284
Low Back Scan

Supine
• Sartorious (p. 324)
ICAK-U.S.A. 285
95
95
ICAK-U.S.A. 286
Low Back Scan

• Gracilis (p. 324)
• Adductors (p. 314)
• Gluteus Medius (p. 320)
• TFL (p. 319)
ICAK-U.S.A. 287
ICAK-U.S.A. 288
96
96
ICAK-U.S.A. 289
ICAK-U.S.A. 290
ICAK-U.S.A. 291
97
97
Low Back Scan
Prone
• Hamstrings (p. 310)
– Group - Straight
– Medial Hamstrings
– Lateral Hamstrings
ICAK-U.S.A. 292
ICAK-U.S.A. 293
ICAK-U.S.A. 294
98
98
ICAK-U.S.A. 295
Low Back Scan

Prone
• Piriformis (p. 309)
ICAK-U.S.A. 296
ICAK-U.S.A. 297
99
99
ICAK-U.S.A. 298
Low Back Scan

Prone
• Gluteus Maximus (p. 321
ICAK-U.S.A. 299
ICAK-U.S.A. 300
100
100
Low Back Scan
Prone
• Sacrospinalis (p. 370)
ICAK-U.S.A. 301
ICAK-U.S.A. 302
ICAK-U.S.A. 303
101
101
Applied Kinesiology Lab – Low Back Scan
1. Abdominals
Patient Position: Seated, knees together, arms crossed, lean back 30 ◦
Doctor Position: One hand on pt’s arms, the other stabilizes at pt’s knees
A. Push straight through arms for rectus abdominus
B. Rotate patient with 30 ◦ lean:
1) Right shoulder forward checks Right Ext Obl/Left Int Oblique
2) Left shoulder forward checks Left Ext Obl/Right Int Oblique
2. Quadratus Lumborum (testing the muscle contralateral to the doctor)
Patient Position: Supine
Doctor Position: A. kneeling facing pt.
B. reach under both legs with inferior hand and positions the
patient’s legs 10 ◦ away
C. stabilize on greater trochanter with superior hand and pulls
legs back to center with inferior hand
3. Rectus Femoris
Patient Position: Supine, leg up 45 , ◦toes straight
4. Iliacus
Patient Position: Supine, leg up 45 ,◦ externally rotated
5. Psoas
Patient Position: Supine, leg up 45 ,◦ out 45 ,◦and externally rotated
6. Sartorious
Patient Position: Supine, FABRE in the air
Doctor Position: Inferior hand under ankle, superior hand on top of knee
“Pull your heel up towards your shoulders, Pull”
7. Gracilis
Patient Position: Supine, legs together
Doctor Position: Superior hand stabilizes contralateral leg
Inferior hand induces internal rotation & tries to pull legs apart
8. Adductors
Patient Position: Supine, legs 6” apart
Doctor Position: Superior hand stabilizes contralateral leg
Inferior hand returns leg to neutral and tries to pull legs apart
9. Gluteus Medius
Patient Position: Supine
Doctor Position: A. At foot of table, grabs both ankles
B. Move involved side laterally off the table
C. Lower leg towards floor and internally rotate it
D. Doc tries to move involved ankle towards other ankle
10. Tensor Fascia Lata

Patient Position: Supine, legs same distance apart as Gluteus Medius
Doctor Position: At foot of table, raises patient’s leg up to about 30-45 ◦
maintaining internal rotation, trying to bring legs together
102
11. Hamstrings
Patient Position: Prone, lower leg raised 45 ◦
Doctor Position: Inferior arm locked and pushing down on patient’s ankle
Superior arm stabilizes with fist on hamstrings (group test)
Move leg medial and point toes lateral to test lateral hamstrings
Move leg lateral and point toes medial to test medial hamstrings
12. Piriformis
Patient Position: Prone, lower leg raised 90 ,◦ and bring it past midline
Doctor Position: Inferior hand pulls leg M-L
Superior hand stabilizes ilium, knee stablizes knee
13. Gluteus Maximus

◦
Patient Position: Prone with lower leg bent 45 and femur raised off table
Doctor Position: Superior hand stabilizes ilium/sacrum
Inferior hand pushes femur P-A
14. Sacrospinalis
Patient Position: Prone, shoulder elevated off of table, ribcage rolled up and back
Doctor Position: steep angle to roll shoulder back down to table (I-S, M-L, P-A)
103
Tibialis Anterior
• Origin
– Lateral condyle of tibia
– Proximal 2/3 of the lateral surface of the tibia
– Interosseous membrane
– Deep Fascia
– Lateral Intermuscular septum
• Insertion
– Medial and plantar surface of medial cuneiform
– Base of 1 st metatarsal
ICAK-U.S.A. 304
Tibialis Anterior
• Action
– Dorsiflexes foot and inverts it
• Innervation
– Peroneal, L4,L5, S1
ICAK-U.S.A. 305
Tibialis Anterior
• Test
– The supine patient inverts and dorsiflexes the
foot, with the toes kept in flexion. The
examiner applies pressure against the medial
dorsal surface of the foot in the direction of
plantar flexion and eversion. The examiner
should see effective contraction of tibialis
anterior as indicated by the tendon elevation
during the test
ICAK-U.S.A. 306
104
102
Tibialis Anterior
• Meridian Association
– Bladder
ICAK-U.S.A. 307
Tibialis Posterior
• Origin
– Lateral part of posterior surface of tibia
– Medial 2/3s of fibula
– Interosseous membrane
– Intermuscular septa
– Deep fascia
• Insertion
– Tuberosity of navicular
– Plantar surface of cuneiforms
– Plantar surface of 2,3, & 4 metatarsal
– Cuboid
– Sustentaculum tali
ICAK-U.S.A. 308
Tibialis Posterior
• Action
– Inverts and plantar flexes foot
– Medial ankle stabilizer
• Innervation
– Tibial, L5, S1
ICAK-U.S.A. 309
105
103
Tibialis Posterior
• Test
– The supine patient maximally plantar flexes
the foot and then inverts it, keeping the toes in
a flexed position.
– The examiner places his hand on the medial
side over the foot. Pressure is directed
against the medial side of the foot in the
direction of eversion. The examiner should
observe for the rising tendon of the TP when
the muscle contracts.
ICAK-U.S.A. 310
Tibialis Posterior
– Circulation Sex
ICAK-U.S.A. 311
Peroneus Tertius
• Origin
– Lower one third of the anterior surface of the
fibula
– Adjacent intermuscular septum
• Insertion
– Dorsal surface of the base of the 5 th
metatarsal
ICAK-U.S.A. 312
106
104
Peroneus Tertius
• Action
– Dorsiflexes and everts the foot
• Innervation
– Peroneal, L4, L5, S1
ICAK-U.S.A. 313
Peroneus Tertius
• Test
– The supine patient dorsiflexes and everts the
foot with the toes kept in the neutral position,
or toward flexion
– Examining pressure is directed against the
dorsal lateral surface of the 5 th metatarsal in
the direction of plantar flexion and inversion
ICAK-U.S.A. 314
Peroneus Tertius
– Bladder
ICAK-U.S.A. 315
107
105
Peroneus Longus and Brevis
• Origin (Peroneus Brevis)
– Lower 2/3s of fibula on lateral side
– Adjacent intermuscular septa
• Insertion (Peroneus Brevis)

– Lateral side of proximal end of 5 th metatarsal
ICAK-U.S.A. 316

• Origin (Peroneus Longus)
– Lateral condyle of tibia
– Head and upper 2/3s of lateral surface of
fibula
– Adjacent intermuscular septa and fascia
• Insertion (Peroneus Longus)

– Proximal end of the 1 st metatarsal and medial
cuneiform on their lateral portions
ICAK-U.S.A. 317

• Action
– Plantar flexes the foot and everts it
– Gives lateral stability to the ankle
ICAK-U.S.A. 318
108
106
• Innervation
– Peroneal, L4, L5, S1
ICAK-U.S.A. 319

• Test
– The supine patient maximally plantar flexes
and everts the foot with the toes kept in the
neutral position, or toward flexion
– Examining pressure is directed against the
dorsal lateral surface of the 5 th metatarsal in
the direction of inversion
ICAK-U.S.A. 320

– Bladder
ICAK-U.S.A. 321
109
107
TA Dorsiflexion
PT
Medial
La
teral
TP Plantarflexion
ICAK-U.S.A.
PLB 322
Doctor pushes in direction of arrows
Muscles - Testing and Function
Gastrocnemius
Origin: plantar flexes the foot. For the medial head, the leg is
Medial head: medial condyle and adjacent part internally rotated; for the lateral test, it is externally ro•
of femur; capsule of knee joint. tated. The examiner stabilizes the knee while extending
Lateral head: lateral condyle and posterior surface it by pulling on the calcaneus contact.
of knee joint. Nerve supply: tibial, L4, 5, Sl, 2.
Insertion: into calcaneus by Achilles tendon. Neurolymphatlc:
Action: plantar flexes foot. Anterior: 2" above umbilicus and 1" from midline.
Test: The medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius Posterior: between Tl1, 12 bilaterally near laminae.
can be tested as described by Beardall. 5 The test must Neurovascular: lambda.
be correlated with hamstring strength because they are Nutrition: adrenal concentrate or nucleoprotein extract.
significantly synergistic in the test. For both medial and Meridian association: circulation sex.
lateral heads of the gastrocnemius, the supine patient Organ association: adrenal.
flexes the knee to approximately 110° and maximally
NEUROVASCULAR STRESS RECEPTOR
111
112
8---63. Internal leg rotation for medial gastrocnemius test.
8-64. External leg rotation for lateral gastrocnemius test.

hapter 8
Soleus
Origin: posterior surface of the head and upper one• the gastrocnemius out of the test. Because of the great
third of the shaft of the fibula; middle one-third of the strength of the soleusand its limited leverage, this muscle
medial border of the tibia; tendinous arch between tibia is difficult to evaluate.
and fibula. Nerve supply: tibial, L4, 5, Sl, 2.
·Insertion: into calcaneus with gastrocnemius by way Neurolymphatic:
of the Achilles tendon. Anterior: 2" above umbilicus and 1" from midline.
Action: plantar flexes foot. Posterior: between T11, 12 bilaterally near laminae.
Test: The prone patient flexes the knee to 90° and Neurovascular: lambda.
plantar flexes the foot. The examiner directs traction Nutrition: adrenal concentrate or nucleoprotein extract.
on the calcaneus and pressure on the forefoot in a Meridian association: circulation sex.
direction of dorsiflexion. The knee flexion helps take Gland association: adrenal.
8-61. Flexing the knee to 90° helps take the gastrocnemius out of the test.
11 2
Posterior NEUROVASCULAR
Anterior
NEUROLYMPHATIC
STRESS RECEPTOR
8-62.
328
112
Pelvic Categories Throughout Applied Kinesiology it is emphasized that the body functions as an
integrated whole.
Pelvic function is an important

example of this interdependence.
The pelvis is an assembly that has

sub-assemblies; that is, the pelvis
can move as a whole, yet there is
action between the innominates
and the sacrum, and between the
sacrum and the coccyx.
ICAK-U.S.A. 325
Pelvic dysfunction is divided

into three categories.
Categories I and II are
dysfunctions of the
sub-assemblies.
Category III is dysfunction of the
intact pelvic assembly with
the 5th lumbar.
ICAK-U.S.A. 326
The pelvic category system was

developed by DeJarnette
and is practiced in
Sacro Occipital Technique
(SOT).
ICAK-U.S.A. 327
113
109
The original system of evaluation
and correction as found in SOT is
viable, and is the basis for
additional diagnosis and
therapeutic developments in
Applied Kinesiology.
ICAK-U.S.A. 328
Pelvic category faults are

intimately involved in creating
dural tension because of the firm
dural attachments at the occiput
and upper cervical vertebrae,
with no further firm attachment
until the anterior portion of the
2nd sacral segment by the filum
terminale.
ICAK-U.S.A. 329
In between these firm

attachments are the dentate
ligaments, which only loosely
support the dura.
ICAK-U.S.A. 330
114
110
It appears that the wide range of
dysfunction and symptomatic
problems from pelvic faults is due
to dural tension and pelvic
ligament relations with the spine,
documented by
Dvorak and Dvorak. 27
ICAK-U.S.A. 331
More than one type of pelvic category

fault can be present at the same time.
On an initial examination, usually one
type of fault will be prominent. When it
is corrected, another fault may be
revealed. For example, after a
Category I fault is corrected, the pelvis
may test positive for a Category III
fault that was not previously apparent.
ICAK-U.S.A. 332
There are several methods of

correcting pelvic faults; some
were developed in SOT and
others in Applied Kinesiology.
ICAK-U.S.A. 333
115
111
A recent study using SOT
methods of examination and
correction evaluated muscle
strength change. 113
ICAK-U.S.A. 334
The anterior deltoid, latissimus

dorsi, psoas, tensor fascia lata,
adductors, and gluteus medius
strength was measured pre- and
post-treatment.
There was significant

strength increase in most
of the muscles tested
post –treatment.
ICAK-U.S.A. 335
The choice of corrective method

can be matched to the
physician's training in
manipulation and treatment style.
ICAK-U.S.A. 336
116
112
Category I
ICAK-U.S.A. 337
The Category I pelvic fault is

torsion of the pelvis without
osseous misalignment at the
sacroiliac articulations; thus there
are no subluxations as such in
this involvement.
ICAK-U.S.A. 338
A common complaint of a
Category I pelvic fault is cervical
spine tension.
ICAK-U.S.A. 339
117
113
The patient complains of pain
and limited motion on turning his
head, making it difficult to back
his car. This will usually be more
marked on one side.
ICAK-U.S.A. 340
Secondary to the pelvic torsion,

there is often torsion of the
shoulder girdle that may manifest
as a thoracic outlet syndrome.
ICAK-U.S.A. 341
Cranial faults are often

associated with a Category I as
well.
ICAK-U.S.A. 342
118
114
A Category I pelvic fault has a
unique therapy localization that
differentiates it from other pelvic
disturbances.
ICAK-U.S.A. 343
The patient is usually examined

prone, and strong hamstrings are
used as indicator muscles for the
therapy localization. There will be
positive therapy localization when
the patient places his hands on
the sacroiliac articulations, right
hand on right and left hand on
left.
ICAK-U.S.A. 344
There will be further positive

therapy localization on one
sacroiliac only, done with one of
the patient's hands over the
other.
ICAK-U.S.A. 345
119
115
This is considered the positive
side of the category I pelvic fault.
Neither sacroiliac articulation will
show positive therapy localization
if single-handed TL is done one
at a time.
ICAK-U.S.A. 346
ICAK-U.S.A. 347
ICAK-U.S.A. 348
120
116
The torsion of a Category I pelvic
fault consists of a posterior
superior iliac spine (PSIS) on one
side and a posterior ischium on
the other.
ICAK-U.S.A. 349
A positive Category I challenge is

simultaneous pressure applied on
the PSIS and contralateral
ischium in an anterior direction
and released, followed by a
strong indicator muscle
weakening.
ICAK-U.S.A. 350
There will be one combination of

vectors that causes the maximum
amount of indicator muscle
weakening. Because the pelvis
demonstrates a rebound-type
challenge, this is the optimal
vector for correction.
ICAK-U.S.A. 351
121
117
Positive challenge will usually be
with the PSIS posterior on the
side of the short leg. If this does
not correlate, consider
anatomical variances, such as an
anatomical short leg or neurologic
disorganization.
ICAK-U.S.A. 352
If there is a discrepancy between

the challenge and leg length and
other factors have been ruled
out, the challege takes
precedence.
ICAK-U.S.A. 353
A Category I pelvic fault will not

have a positive challenge when
only one sacroiliac is challenged.
This is the differentiating factor
between a Category I and
Category II fault.
ICAK-U.S.A. 354
122
118
Several muscle dysfunction
patterns are often associated
with, and probably the cause of,
Category I pelvic faults.
ICAK-U.S.A. 355
The piriformis is often weak on

the side of 2-handed therapy
localization and hypertonic on the
other, or bilaterally weak.
ICAK-U.S.A. 356
If the piriformis is weak only on

the opposite side of two-handed
therapy localization, the patient is
neurologically disorganized.
ICAK-U.S.A. 357
123
119
Piriformis weakness is important
because it crosses the sacroiliac
articulation and helps provide
stability.
ICAK-U.S.A. 358
1st Rib and Thoracic Outlet
Shoulder girdle distortion is

frequently secondary to a
Category I pelvic fault creating
pain at the 1st anterior and
posterior rib attachments on the
side of two-handed therapy
localization.
ICAK-U.S.A. 359
A positive thoracic outlet

syndrome can often be corrected
by making corrections only at the
pelvis.
ICAK-U.S.A. 360
124
120
Block Adjusting Technique
• DeJarnette blocks are placed under the prone
patient's anterior superior iliac crest and
acetabulum in a manner to relieve the pelvic
torsion.
• Block placement is determined by challenge
• The posterior ilium side is the one where the
PSIS was challenged from posterior to anterior
and a strong muscle weakened; the contralat-
eral side is the posterior ischium.
ICAK-U.S.A. 361
• The posterior ilium is usually on the short-

leg side, but the challenge takes pre-
cedence for how to block the patient.
• A block is placed under the acetabulum on
the posterior ilium side to bring the ischium
posterior. Contralaterally, the block is
placed under the ASIS to bring the ilium
posterior.
ICAK-U.S.A. 362
When the blocks are properly

placed, there will no longer be
positive bilateral sacroiliac
therapy localization, and there
will usually be relief of pain at the
1st rib head.
ICAK-U.S.A. 363
125
121
ICAK-U.S.A. 364
The patient's body weight lying

on the blocks may adequately
make a correction. A gentle
thrusting-type action has been
added in Applied Kinesiology to
facilitate and speed the
correction.
ICAK-U.S.A. 365
ICAK-U.S.A. 366
126
122
As mentioned earlier, one
sacroiliac is the compromised or
involved side; that is the one
presenting the two-handed
therapy localization.
ICAK-U.S.A. 367
The uncompromised or "non-

involved" side will not have
positive two-handed therapy
localization. The non-involved
side is the side of contact for the
manipulative effort. Contact is
either on the PSIS or ischium in
the direction of positive
challenge.
ICAK-U.S.A. 368
This indicates that the contact will

be on the ischium if the
DeJarnette block is under the
ilium, and on the PSIS if the block
is under the acetabulum.
ICAK-U.S.A. 369
127
123
• Corrective motion is a light, pumping-type action
repeated approximately ten times. An excellent indicator
for the number of repetitions is the reduction of
tenderness at the posterior 1st rib head.
• Before placing the DeJarnette blocks, palpate the rib
head for tenderness; compare after the blocks are in
place, and after the corrective manipulation has been
applied.
• Usually there will be great reduction of tenderness on
digital pressure. A good indicator of effective correction
is a minimum of 50% tenderness reduction; often it is
much greater.
ICAK-U.S.A. 370
With experience, one can readily

determine the rigidity of the pelvis
after the first few corrective
thrusts. In a very rigid pelvis, it
may take more thrusting actions
than usual to obtain maximum
correction.
ICAK-U.S.A. 371
After the corrective attempt there

should be no positive therapy
localization or challenge to the
pelvis.
ICAK-U.S.A. 372
128
124
If a category I pelvic fault is not
easily corrected or if it returns,
some other factor is involved,
such as muscle dysfunction,
weight bearing, or gait
dysfunction; this should be
evaluated and corrected.
ICAK-U.S.A. 373
A patient may test negative for a

Category I fault, but when tested
weight bearing or immediately
after gait, he will test positive.
ICAK-U.S.A. 374
A Category I pelvic fault can be

evaluated for gait influence by
simply having the patient therapy
localize over both sacroiliac
articulations while walking. When
the patient stops, have him
maintain the therapy localization
while an indicator muscle is
tested.
ICAK-U.S.A. 375
129
125
If the Category I is specifically
involved with gait, an indicator
muscle will test weak; it will not
test weak when the patient
simply walks without the
sacroiliac therapy localization.
ICAK-U.S.A. 376
Category II
ICAK-U.S.A. 377
The Category II fault has been

recognized as an osseous sub-
luxation at the sacroiliac
articulation.
ICAK-U.S.A. 378
130
126
Dr. Goodheart recognized an
additional type of pelvic fault in
which the major involvement is at
the symphysis pubis.
ICAK-U.S.A. 379
The original Category II is

indicated by therapy localization
at the sacroiliac articulation and
is called a Category II sacroiliac
pelvic fault, abbreviated Category
IIsi.
ICAK-U.S.A. 380
The additional type is indicated

by therapy localization at the
symphysis pubis and is called a
Category II symphysis pubis
pelvic fault, abbreviated
Category lIsp
ICAK-U.S.A. 381
131
127
A typical complaint with a
Category II fault is leg pain that
develops during the night but is
not present during the day.
ICAK-U.S.A. 382
There is movement within the

pelvis with respiration.
On inhalation:
• ilia move laterally
• the symphysis pubis moves
inferiorly
• the sacral base moves posteriorly
• sacral apex moves anteriorly
• posterior iliac spine moves
medially ICAK-U.S.A. 383
The opposite of each movement

takes place with expiration.
ICAK-U.S.A. 384
132
128
Category lIsi
ICAK-U.S.A. 385
A Category lIsi pelvic fault is an

osseous subluxation between the
sacrum and the innominate. It is
identified by positive therapy
localization over the sacroiliac
articulation.
ICAK-U.S.A. 386
• Therapy localization is usually done with

patient supine, which yields a higher
percentage of positive results than when
done prone.
• Usually only one will be positive.
• It is possible to have bilateral category
pelvic faults, in which case a differentiation
must be made between a Category I and a
Category lIsi.
ICAK-U.S.A. 387
133
129
Pelvic respiratory movement can be
used to advantage in diagnosis and
treatment.
ICAK-U.S.A. 388
When there is positive therapy

localization over the sacroiliac,
have the patient take and hold a
deep phase of respiration.
ICAK-U.S.A. 389
If the positive therapy localization

is abolished it indicates
movement in that direction is
corrective.
Adjust the structure in the
direction of respiratory movement
while the patient holds the
respiration.
ICAK-U.S.A. 390
134
130
If held inspiration cancels positive PI ilium therapy localiztion, adjust
the PSIS in an anterior medial direction as indicated on the left
innominate. If held expiration cancels positive therapy localization,
adjust in an anterior lateral direction. In both cases have the patient
hold the phase of respiraton that canceled the positive therapy
localization while the adjustment is being made.
ICAK-U.S.A. 391
There are two major types of

Category lIsi pelvic faults: the
posterior ilium and posterior
ischium.
They have different muscle
involvements and areas of
tenderness that differentiate them
from each other and from a
Category I.
ICAK-U.S.A. 392
Posterior Ilium
The posterior ilium is nearly

always associated with
dysfunction of the sartorius
and/or gracilis muscles on the
side of involvement.
ICAK-U.S.A. 393
135
131
The muscle relationship with the
sacroiliac sublux-ation can be
demonstrated by correcting the
subluxation with the usual
manipulative techniques, but not
strengthening the muscles.
ICAK-U.S.A. 394
The adjustment should balance

the leg length and eliminate
positive therapy localization and
challenge. If it does, have the
patient walk a short distance and
then re-evaluate for the presence
of the subluxation.
ICAK-U.S.A. 395
In many cases, when the muscles

are not strengthened the
subluxation will immediately return
following walking.
Correct the muscle dysfunction

and repeat the process; the
subluxation will usually not
return.
ICAK-U.S.A. 396
136
132
There are specific correlations to
the posterior ilium Category IIsi
pelvic fault.
• The leg on the side of the posterior ilium
will be short
• Innominate will be longer on the posterior
ilium side.
• tenderness at the origin and insertion of
the gracilis and/or sartorius
• There will also be tenderness at the
anterior and postIeri -or . 1
CAK U.S.A st rib heads 397
Challenge on the posterior

superior iliac spine for the vector
that causes the greatest
weakening of an indicator
muscle. Adjust in the direction of
positive challenge with the phase
of respiration that canceled
positive therapy localization.
ICAK-U.S.A. 398
Adjustment of the posterior ilium

can be done with the patient
prone or side-lying. The prone
adjustment can best be done with
a drop terminal point table. W hen
done side-lying take care not to
put excessive rotation into the
lumbar spine that may cause disc
trauma
ICAK-U.S.A. 399
137
133
Posterior Ischium
• The posterior ischium subluxation is not as
common as the posterior ilium.
• It is usually secondary to weak hamstring
muscles, which give posterior stabilization
to the pelvis on that side.
• If the hamstrings are not weak in the clear,
evaluate for subclinical weakness.
ICAK-U.S.A. 400
• The leg will be long on the side of the

posterior ischium
• Shorter innominate on the side of posterior
ischium
• There will be tenderness at the origin of
the hamstrings on the ischial tuberosity,
and there may be tenderness at any or all
points of hamstring insertion.
ICAK-U.S.A. 401
Challenge on the posterior

ischium for the vector that causes
the greatest weakening of a
strong indicator muscle. Adjust in
that vector on the phase of
respiration that canceled positive
therapy localization.
ICAK-U.S.A. 402
138
134
Category IIsp
Associated with the pelvic

torsion of a category lisp
pelvic fault is tension in the
sacrospinous and
sacrotuberous pelvic
ligaments.
ICAK-U.S.A. 403
These ligaments are important in

pelvic balance and integrity.
There are spondylogenic reflexes
of the sacrospinous ligament to
the occiput to C6 and of the
sacrotuberous ligament from C7
to T8 that are often responsible
for paraspinal pain in those
areas, as described on page 129.
ICAK-U.S.A. 404
A Category lIsp is identified by

testing the sartorius for positive
therapy localization over the
symphysis pubis, slightly to the
right and left
ICAK-U.S.A. 405
139
135
Challenge
With the patient supine, place one
hand under the ilium on one side and
the ischium on the other side, and lift
as if to lift the patient away from the
table. A positive challenge is
weakening of the sartorius or gracilis
muscle, which is best, but any
previously strong indicator muscle
such as the tensor fascia lata can be
used.
ICAK-U.S.A. 406
The pelvis can then be re-

challenged with a hand under the
opposite ilium and ischium. There
should only be one positive
challenge. The challenge is of a
rebound nature, as with other
areas of the spine.
ICAK-U.S.A. 407
The side on which the ilium was

lifted anteriorly, causing a weak
muscle, is the posterior ilium;
the side on which the ischium
was lifted anteriorly, causing an
indicator muscle to weaken, is
the posterior ischium side.
ICAK-U.S.A. 408
140
136
A DeJarnette block is
placed under the posterior
superior iliac spine (PSIS)
on the posterior ilium side,
and under the ischium on
the posterior ischium side.
ICAK-U.S.A. 409
If the block placement is proper

for correction, there will no longer
be a positive therapy localization
at the symphysis pubis and pubic
bone.
ICAK-U.S.A. 410
With the patient remaining on the blocks,

the physician grasps the patient's ankle and
knee to move the leg on the posterior ilium
side into flexion at the hip and knee. The
thigh is adducted, bringing the knee across
the body sufficiently to roll the patient gently
onto the posterior ischium block. The knee
and hip are then brought toward neutral,
and the manuver is repeated about six
times in a rolling fashion.
ICAK-U.S.A. 411
141
137
It is usually necessary for the
patient to stabilize the position of
the DeJarnette blocks with his
hands to keep them from slipping
under the pelvis. A similar motion
is then done about six times with
the leg of the posterior ischium
side, but with thigh abduction.
ICAK-U.S.A. 412
ICAK-U.S.A. 413
Category III
ICAK-U.S.A. 414
142
138
In a Category III pelvic fault the
pelvis in intact. The fault is
dysfunction of L5 on an intact
pelvis, or an intact pelvic
dysfunction on L5.
ICAK-U.S.A. 415
Symptoms from a Catgory III pelvic

fault can be local or remote
• Severe sciatica that fails to respond.
• Lumbar disc involvement
• Facet syndrome
• There may be cranial nerve involvement
– IX, X, and XI
ICAK-U.S.A. 416
The Category III pelvic fault

influences hip rotation because of
muscle imbalance. To evaluate
hip rotation the examiner
internally rotates both legs by
grasping the ankles. There will be
much greater internal rotation on
one side.
ICAK-U.S.A. 417
143
139
Therapy Localization Because
the pelvis is intact, there is no
positive therapy localization at the
sacroiliac articulations or at the
symphysis pubis.
ICAK-U.S.A. 418
Challenge
The Category III pelvic fault is
determined by challenge with the
patient prone.
ICAK-U.S.A. 419
Contact the anterior portion of the

ischium, and lift it posteriorly while
the L5 spinous process is
pressed toward the side of ischial
contact.
ICAK-U.S.A. 420
144
140
A positive challenge is indicated
by weakening of a previously
strong muscle, usually the
hamstring group. The challenge
is done bilaterally, and only one
combination of ischium spinous
process challenge will be
positive.
ICAK-U.S.A. 421

Proper placement of the DeJarnette
blocks is indicated by reduction of
tenderness present in the area of
the 5th sacral nerve and at the 5th
lumbar spinous process.
ICAK-U.S.A. 422
Place one block 90° to the spine

under the anterior iliac spine on
the side of L5 challenge contact.
Initial location of the block under
the ischium is 90° to the spine.
ICAK-U.S.A. 423
145
141
Evaluate the pain at the 5th
sacral nerve and the lumbar
spinous process. Progressively
rotate the thick portion of the
block under the ischium inferiorly
until the pain is eliminated or is
diminished to the greatest
amount, indicating proper block
placement that allows the pelvis
to return to normal.
ICAK-U.S.A. 424
ICAK-U.S.A. 425
While the patient remains on the

blocks, test for a sacral
inspiration or expiration fault,
which is a complication of a
Category III fault and often
present.
ICAK-U.S.A. 426
146
142
• W hile the patient holds a deep inspiration, test
the hamstring group on either side for
weakening.
• Next, test the hamstring group while the patient
holds a deep expiration.
• W eakening on inspiration indicates an expiration
fault
• W eakening on expiration indicates an inspiration
fault.
• Correct the sacral fault while the patient remains
on the blocks
ICAK-U.S.A. 427
Applied Kinesiology
Cranial Lab
ICAK-U.S.A. 428
ICAK-U.S.A. 429
147
143
Inspiration/Expiration Assist Cranial
Fault
• Patient can have an inspiration assist cranial
fault on one side
– or the other
– or both
• Patient can have an expiration assist cranial
fault on one side
– or the other
– or both
• Patient can have an inspiration assist cranial
fault on one side and an expiration assist cranial
fault on the other
ICAK-U.S.A. 430
Inspiration Assist Cranial Fault

• Breathing Pattern – IM weakens on full
exhalation
• Rebound challenge P-A on left and right
mastoid one at a time (IM goes weak)
• Push P-A during inhalation on mastoid on
the side that made IM weak (inhalation
should take 6-8 seconds, repeat 4-6 times)
• Recheck indicators – IM stays strong
ICAK-U.S.A. 431
ICAK-U.S.A. 432
148
144
ICAK-U.S.A. 433
Expiration Assist Cranial Fault

• Breathing Pattern – IM weakens on full
inhalation
• Rebound challenge A-P on left and right
mastoid one at a time (IM goes weak)
• Push A-P during exhalation on mastoid on
the side that made IM weak (exhalation
should take 6-8 seconds, repeat 4-6 times)
ICAK-U.S.A. 434
ICAK-U.S.A. 435
149
145
ICAK-U.S.A. 436
Sphenobasilar Inspiration Assist

Cranial Fault
• Breathing Pattern - IM weakens on forced
exhalation
• Rebound challenge (simultaneously)-IM goes
weak
– P-A on mastoid
– I-S on the ipsilateral palatomaxillary suture
• Push simultaneously P-A on the mastoid and I-S
on the hard palate as the patient goes from full
expiration to full forced inspiration (repeat 4-5
times)
ICAK-U.S.A. 437
ICAK-U.S.A. 438
150
146
ICAK-U.S.A. 439
Sphenobasilar Expiration Assist

Cranial Fault
• Breathing Pattern - IM weakens on forced
inhalation
• Rebound challenge (simultaneously) – IM goes
weak
– A-P on mastoid
– P-A on the ipsilateral central incisor
• Push simultaneously A-P on the mastoid and P-
A on the incisor as the patient goes from full
inspiration to full forced expiration (repeat 4-5
times)
ICAK-U.S.A. 440
ICAK-U.S.A. 441
151
147
ICAK-U.S.A. 442
Glabella Cranial Fault

• Breathing Pattern – IM weakens on inspiration
either through the nose or through the mouth but
not both
• Rebound challenge by approximating glabella
and EOP (IM goes weak)
• Two Steps:
– Approximate glabella and EOP 4-5 times with
the inspiration that did not weaken the IM
– Continue with approximation of glabella and
EOP and add P-A/S-I pressure on C1, C2,
and C3 for 4-5 times
• Recheck indicators –ICAK-U.
IM sS.A.tays strong 443
ICAK-U.S.A. 444
152
148
ICAK-U.S.A. 445
ICAK-U.S.A. 446
Temporal Bulge Cranial Fault

• Breathing Pattern – IM weakens on one
half held expiration
• Rebound challenge – on one side,
approximate frontal and occipital bones in
three different directions (IM goes weak)
– “Squeezy-Squeezy”
– “Twisty-Twisty” one direction
– “Twisty-Twisty” the other direction
ICAK-U.S.A. 447
153
149
• Often associated with bilateral weakness
of Pectoralis Major Clavicular
– W ill strengthen on one half held
inspiration
– May be associated with hypochlorhydria
• Pressure exerted in direction of optimal
challenge during the half breath phase of
inspiration
ICAK-U.S.A. 448
ICAK-U.S.A. 449
ICAK-U.S.A. 450
154
150
Parietal Descent Cranial Fault
• Most often present when there is a
temporal bulge on the opposite side
• This combination was known as the
“banana head”
• Correct the temporal bulge fault first and
then re-evaluate for parietal descent
ICAK-U.S.A. 451
Parietal Descent Cranial Fault

• Breathing Pattern – IM weakens on one
half held inspiration
• Rebound challenge by lifting the temporal
border of the parietal bone I-S (IM goes
weak)
• Lift the parietal bone I-S during the half
breath phase of expiration while spreading
the sagittal suture with crossed thumbs
ICAK-U.S.A. 452
ICAK-U.S.A. 453
155
151
ICAK-U.S.A. 454
Internal Frontal Cranial Fault

• Breathing Pattern – None
• Rebound challenge A-P and slightly L-M on the
malar surface of the zygomatic bone (IM goes
weak)
• Evaluate tenderness of either eye with digital
pressure over the closed eyelid
• Apply pressure on the posterior aspect of the
palate on the side of positive challenge in a
direction that relieves the eye tenderness
• If there is no eye tenderness, apply pressure I-S
• Apply 3-4 pounds of pressure for 20-40 secs
ICAK-U.S.A. 455

• Contact the ipsilateral pterygoid process
and pull inferior for 10-20 seconds
• Contact the contralateral pterygoid
process and push I-S for 10-20 seconds
ICAK-U.S.A. 456
156
152
ICAK-U.S.A. 457
ICAK-U.S.A. 458
ICAK-U.S.A. 459
157
153
ICAK-U.S.A. 460
ICAK-U.S.A. 461
External Frontal Cranial Fault

• Breathing Pattern – none
• Rebound challenge by pulling inferior on central
incisor
• Evaluate tenderness of either eye with digital
pressure over the closed eyelid
• Apply pressure on the posterior aspect of the
palate opposite the side of positive challenge in
a direction that relieves the eye tenderness
• If there is no eye tenderness, apply pressure I-S
• Apply 3-4 pounds of pressure for 20-40 secs
ICAK-U.S.A. 462
158
154
• Contact the ipsilateral pterygoid process
and push I-S for 10-20 seconds
ICAK-U.S.A. 463
ICAK-U.S.A. 464
ICAK-U.S.A. 465
159
155
ICAK-U.S.A. 466
ICAK-U.S.A. 467
Nasosphenoid Cranial Fault

• Breathing Pattern – None
• Palpation and Observation
– Palpate greater wing of sphenoid
• On the side of elevation there will be tenderness
on the lower portion
• On the side of depression there will be tenderness
on the upper portion
– Observation
• Generally, the eye on the sphenoid high side will
be more prominent, appearing to bulge slightly
ICAK-U.S.A. 468
160
156
• Rebound challenge A-P/L-M to the nasal
area on the high sphenoid side (IM goes
weak)
• Determine the phase of respiration (POR)
that abolishes the positive challenge
• Apply treatment pressure in the direction
that caused maximal weakness of IM
during the POR that abolished the positive
challenge
• Recheck indicatorICAK-U.S.A.
s – IMstays strong 469
ICAK-U.S.A. 470
ICAK-U.S.A. 471
161
157
• Sacral-Coccyx Association
• TL sacrococcygeal junction (IM goes weak)
• Determine POR that abolishes positive
challenge
• For an inspiration assist, push P-A on the
sacral apex (4-5 times, 4-5 lbs of pressure)
• For an expiration assist, push P-A on the
sacral base (4-5 times, 4-5 lbs of pressure)
ICAK-U.S.A. 472
Universal Cranial Fault

• Patient position - prone
• Breathing Pattern – Breathing through one
nostril only (IM goes weak)
• Direct challenge occiput/mastoids by inducing
torque in a clockwise or counterclockwise
direction (IM goes weak)
• Apply torque with both hands in the opposite
direction that caused the IM to go weak while
patient inhales
ICAK-U.S.A. 473
ICAK-U.S.A. 474
162
158
ICAK-U.S.A. 475
Sutural Cranial Faults

• Examine for sutural faults after correction
of any cranial faults
• Sutural faults are a result of either
jamming or separation
• There is a positive rebound challenge and
a POR that will abolish the positive
challenge
• The sagittal suture will be an exception to
this rule
ICAK-U.S.A. 476
Sagittal Suture Cranial Fault

• Dysfunction of the sagittal suture is almost
always a jamming problem
• W eak abdominal muscles are often associated
with the sagittal suture fault
• Pressing the sagittal suture together will cause
an IM to weaken
• Correct by separating the sagittal suture. No
specific breathing pattern is associated with this
fault although pressure applied during inspiration
appears to improve the correction
ICAK-U.S.A. 477
163
159
ICAK-U.S.A. 478
ICAK-U.S.A. 479
Lambdoidal Suture Cranial Fault

• Dysfunction of the lambdoidal suture can be a jamming
or separation problem (often associated with a closed
iliocecal valve syndrome)
• Rebound challenge by pressing on the occipital and
parietal bones adjacent to the suture in a direction of
separation or approximation of the suture (IM goes
weak)
• Check for POR that abolishes the challenge
• Correct in the direction of positive challenge during the
POR that abolished the challenge 3 to 4 times
ICAK-U.S.A. 480
164
160
ICAK-U.S.A. 481
ICAK-U.S.A. 482
Squamosal Suture Cranial Fault

• Dysfunction of the squamosal suture can be a
jamming or separation problem
• Rebound challenge by pressing on the temporal
and parietal bones adjacent to the suture in a
direction of separation or approximation of the
suture (IM goes weak)
• Check for POR that abolishes the challenge
• Correct in the direction of positive challenge
during the POR that abolished the challenge 3 to
4 times
ICAK-U.S.A. 483
165
161
ICAK-U.S.A. 484
ICAK-U.S.A. 485
Zygomatic Suture Cranial Faults

• Dysfunction of the zygomatic suture can be
a jamming or separation problem (often
associated with an open iliocecal valve
syndrome)
• There are three sites for zygomatic cranial
faults:
– Temporozygomatic suture
– Zygomaticomaxillary suture
– Frontozygomatic suture
ICAK-U.S.A. 486
166
162
Zygomatic Suture Cranial Faults
• Rebound challenge by pressing on the
suture in a direction of separation or
approximation (IM goes weak)
• Check for POR that abolishes the
challenge
• Correct in the direction of positive
challenge during the POR that abolished
the challenge 3 to 4 times
ICAK-U.S.A. 487
ICAK-U.S.A. 488
ICAK-U.S.A. 489
167
163
ICAK-U.S.A. 490
168
164
Applied Kinesiology Lab 1
Objectives:
1. Students will be able to define Applied Kinesiology (AK).
a. Applied Kinesiology (AK) is a system that evaluates structural,
chemical, and mental aspects of health using manual muscle testing
with other standard methods of diagnosis.
2. Students will be able to differentiate between orthopedic muscle testing and
the muscle testing used in AK.
a. Orthopedic muscle testing is graded from 0-5
b. AK muscle testing is a lock (strong) or no lock (weak)
3. Students will be able to tell the difference between G1, G2, and G2sub max
muscle testing as used in AK.
a. G1 – Doctor induced “ Hold”
b. G2 – Patient induced “When I ask you to, I want you to push into my
hand. Push!”. Patient will push as hard as they can and doctor will
add opposite force at the end.
c. G2submax – Patient induced “When I ask you to, I want you to push
into my hand. Push!” As soon as patient starts to push, doctor meets
it and pushes back.
4. Students will be able to demonstrate reciprocal inhibition and provide
examples.
a. Latissimus Dorsi in Gate
5. Students will be able to demonstrate the elements of a good muscle test.
a. 2 fingers
b. 2 inches
c. 2 seconds
6. Students will be able to explain the difference between an associated muscle
and an indicator muscle.
a. Associated muscle tests “weak in the clear”
b. Indicator muscle tests “strong in the clear”
7. Students will be able to identify the characteristics of a good indicator
muscle.
a. Tests strong in the clear
b. Goes weak one time with autogenic inhibition
c. Test strong again
8. Students will be able to list the 5 factors of the IVF.
a. N, NL, NV, CSF, AMC
9. Students will be able to perform the first 12 muscle tests for the shoulder.
169
Applied Kinesiology Muscle Testing for the Shoulder
1. Latissimus Dorsi
a. Grasp the patient’s wrist with your ipsilateral hand and
position their arm in complete internal rotation and locked
against their body in adduction while stabilizing their
shoulder with your contralateral hand.
b. Ensure that the patient’s elbow is locked in extension.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and pull with your ipsilateral
hand in an anterior and lateral direction.
2. Supraspinatus
a. Grasp the patient’s wrist with your ipsilateral hand and
position their arm with the cubital fossa facing anterior in
about 10-15 degrees of abduction and slightly anterior while
stabilizing their shoulder with your contralateral hand.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and push with your ipsilateral
hand in a posterior medial direction.
3. Serratus Anticus
a. Grasp the patient’s wrist with your ipsilateral hand Step
behind the patient and position their arm in about 100-130
degrees of flexion with abduction with their thumb pointing
superiorly while stabilizing their scapular with your
contralateral hand.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and pull down with your ipsi
lateral hand in an inferior direction.
d. Must state that you are observing for scapular motion
(O4SM) to differentiate between serratus anticus weakness
and deltoid weakness.
170
4. Anterior Deltoid
a. Position the patient’s arm in 90 degrees of abduction with
the forearm flexed to 90 degrees and elevated 45 degrees in
external rotation.
b. Stabilize the patient’s shoulder with your contralateral
hand.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and pull down and back on the
distal humerus with your ipsilateral hand in an inferior and
posterior direction.
5. Middle Deltoid
the forearm flexed to 90 degrees and parallel to the ground.
hand.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and push down on the distal
humerus with your ipsilateral hand in an inferior direction.
6. Posterior Deltoid
the forearm flexed to 90 degrees and depressed 45 degrees
in internal rotation.
hand.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and push the distal humerus in an
anterior inferior direction.
7. Subscapularis
the forearm flexed to 90 degrees and depressed 45 degrees
in internal rotation.
b. Stabilize on the superior aspect of the distal humerus with
your contralateral hand (not on the elbow)
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and lift up with your ipsilateral
hand just proximal to the patient’s wrist in a superior and
anterior direction.
171
8. Infraspinatus
the forearm flexed to 90 degrees and elevated 45 degrees in
external rotation.
b. Stabilize on the inferior aspect of the distal humerus with
your contralateral hand (not on the elbow)
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and push down with your ipsi
lateral hand just proximal to the patient’s wrist in an
inferior and anterior direction.
9. Teres Minor
a. Position the patient’s elbow against their body in complete
adduction with your contralateral hand, and with your ipsi
lateral hand, grasp their wrist and flex their forearm to 90
degrees with slight external rotation, wrist slightly flexed.
Your thenar/hypothenar will be just proximal to their wrist
and your fingers will be lightly touching the dorsum of their
hand.
b. Stabilize their elbow with your contralateral hand.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and push with the heel of your
ipsilateral hand in a lateral to medial direction while your
fingers monitor for wrist extension.
10. Rhomboids
a. Position the patient’s elbow against their body in complete
adduction with your contralateral hand with their forearm
flexed to 90 degrees.
b. Stabilize their shoulder with your ipsilateral hand.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and pull with your contralateral
hand in a medial to lateral direction. (O4SM)
11. Levator Scapula

a. Position the patient’s arm as in the rhomboid muscle test
and then lower the patient’s arm about and inch and move
it about an inch posterior.
b. Stabilize their shoulder with your ipsilateral hand.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and pull with your contralateral
hand in a medial to lateral direction. (O4SM)
172
12. Coracobrachialis
a. Position the patient’s arm in 45 degrees of flexion and 45
degrees of abduction and slight external rotation and grasp
their distal humerus with your supinated ipsilateral hand.
b. Stabilize their shoulder from behind with your contralateral
hand.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and push with your ipsilateral
hand in a posterior and lateral direction.
13. Pectoralis Major Sternal

a. Position the patients arm in 90 degrees of flexion and
complete internal rotation.
b. Stabilize their opposite ASIS with your ipsilateral hand.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and push with your pronated
contralateral hand in a superior and lateral direction (in
alignment with the muscle fibers).
14. Pectoralis Major Clavicular

a. Position the patients arm in 90 degrees of flexion and
complete internal rotation.
b. Stabilize their opposite shoulder with your ipsilateral hand.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and push with you pronated
ipsilateral hand in an inferior and lateral direction.
15. Pectoralis Minor

a. Have the supine patient lift their shoulder off the table, and
draw the coracoid process anteriorly, medially, and
caudally.
b. Stabilize the opposite shoulder with your ipsi lateral hand.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and push with your contralateral
hand in a superior and lateral direction.
173
16. Upper Trapezius
a. Have the seated patient elevate their shoulder and lateral
flex their head to that side with slight rotation away from
the shoulder being tested.
b. Stand behind the patient and place your ipsilateral hand on
their shoulder and bring your other hand over the top and
on the ipsilateral side of their head.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and push both hands in a
direction to reduce the approximation of their head and
shoulder.
17. Lower Trapezius

a. Have the prone patient position their arm in 150 degrees of
abduction, thumb pointing toward the ceiling (posterior).
b. Standing on the same side, stabilize their shoulder with
your contralateral hand.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and push down with your
ipsilateral hand just proximal to their wrist toward the floor
(O4SM).
18. Middle Trapezius

a. Have the prone patient position their arm in 90 degrees of
abduction, thumb pointing toward the ceiling (posterior).
b. Standing on the same side, stabilize their shoulder with
your contralateral hand.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and push down with your
ipsilateral hand just proximal to their wrist toward the floor
(O4SM).
19. Teres Major

a. Have the prone patient position make a fist and place it in
the small of their back and raise their elbow towards the
ceiling (posterior) as far as they can.
b. Cross your arms and place one hand on their distal
humerus and stabilize with your other hand on their back.
c. Tell the patient to “Hold” and push their arm toward the
floor with a more medial to lateral than a P-A line of drive.
174
Analyzing the Five Factors of the IVF
1. Find "weak" muscles.
2. To analyze the 5 factors of the IVF, you can start with any of them,
and proceed in any order. The only requirement at this point is that
you do not correct/treat/adjust any of them at this time.
3. To check the "N" factor, have the patient TL the nerve root of that
muscle with a broad hand contact and recheck. If the muscle now
tests strong, it's a positive test.
4. To check the "NL" factor, have the patient TL the NL point

associated with the weak muscle. If the muscle now tests strong, it's a
positive test.
Note: We will use the NL points located on the anterior aspect of the
patient for diagnostic purposes. For the most part, the NL points are
located on the ipsilateral side as the weak muscle. Beware that there
are some muscles that have their NL point only on the left side.
5. To check the "NV" factor, have the patient TL the NV point

associated with the weak muscle. If the muscle now tests strong, it's a
positive test.
Note: We will use the NV points located on the ipsilateral side as the
weak muscle with the exception of the three NV points located
midline.
6. To check the "CSF" factor, have the patient take a deep breath in
while you recheck the weak muscle. If the muscle strengthens, this
represents an inspiration assist. If inhalation didn't strengthen the
muscle, have the patient exhale all the way and hold it while you
retest the muscle. If the muscle strengthens now it represents an
expiration assist.
7. To check the "AMC" factor, have the patient TL the Alarm point of
the meridian associated with the weak muscle. If the muscle now tests
strong, it's a positive test.
175
Correcting the 5 Factors of the IVF
1. You may correct the 5 factors in any order that you wish. I favor the
"N" factor because of the power of the chiropractic adjustment and
its global affect on the patient. I find that if I correct this one first, the
remaining factors often show clear.
2. To correct for the “N” factor, first have the patient repeat the TL of
the nerve root for the weak muscle with a broad hand contact and
confirm that it strengthens it. Now have the patient TL each
individual spinous process within that broad hand contact with one
finger and retest the muscle. Only one should strengthen it indicating
the level of the subluxation. To arrive at a listing, establish a good
indicator muscle and then rebound challenge each TVP of the
specified vertebra. One side of the TVP's will weaken the indicator
muscle and the other should not. Adjust the segment in the direction
that caused the greatest weakness to the indicator muscle with the
rebound challenge. Remember that you can adjust the segment with
any technique you are comfortable with. After the adjustment,
recheck the original weak muscle and it should test strong. If it is still
weak, it generally means that there was a problem with your
adjustment technique. Next have the patient TL the nerve root with a
broad hand contact and this too should test strong. If TL causes a
weakening this indicates that there is still more work to do. Continue
the TL to individual spinous processes until you find the one that
weakens it. Repeat the process of establishing a good indicator muscle
and find the listing. Once again adjust in the direction of the greatest
weakening of the indicator muscle during the rebound challenge.
Recheck the original weak muscle and it should test strong. Next have
the patient TL the nerve root with a broad hand contact and this too
should test strong. If TL causes a weakening, continue to identify the
level and listing and adjust until the muscle tests strong in the clear
and strong with TL to the nerve roots. When the muscle is strong in
the clear and strong with the TL you're finished with the "N" factor
and now you can move on to the next factor.
3. To correct for the "NL" factor, have the patient TL the anterior NL
point associated with the weak muscle and confirm that it strengthens
it. Remember to be on the same side as the weak muscle unless it is in
the group of muscles that only have a left NL point. Next rub the
anterior NL point and the posterior NL point vigorously for 30
176
seconds. Recheck the original weak muscle and it should test strong.
If it remains weak, rub the points for an additional 30 seconds. Once
the original muscle tests strong, recheck the muscle while the patient
TL the anterior NL point again. If this test is strong you're finished
with the NL factor and can move on to the next one. If the muscle
tests weak, continue to rub the anterior and posterior NL points for
30 second intervals and recheck until the muscle tests strong in the
clear and strong with TL. When the muscle is strong in the clear and
strong with the TL you're finished with the NL factor and now you
can move on to the next factor.
4. To correct for the "NV" factor, have the patient TL the NV point
associated with the weak muscle and confirm that it strengthens it.
Remember to be on the same side as the weak muscle unless it is in
the group of muscles that have their NV point on the midline. You
will contact this point and tug it removing the skin slack and
palpating for a pulse. Hold this point for 30 seconds and then recheck
the original weak muscle. It should test strong. If it remains weak,
continue to tug on the point for an additional 30 seconds and recheck
the muscle. When it tests strong, have the patient TL the NV point
again and recheck the muscle. If this test is strong, you're finished
with the NV factor and can move on to the next factor.
5. To correct for the "CSF" factor, have the patient repeat the phase of
respiration (POR) that strengthened the weak muscle and confirm
that it strengthens it. Establish an indicator muscle with the patient
supine and perform a rebound challenge on their mastoid, first one
and then the other. You are going to treat the mastoid that caused a
weakening of the indicator muscle. You may also do a rebound
challenge for the medial and lateral component of the vector and then
treat in the direction that caused the greatest weakening of the
indicator muscle. The doctor will then push/pull on the appropriate
mastoid 4-5 times for 4-5 seconds during the appropriate POR (For
an inhalation assist cranial fault, push P-A on the mastoid. For an
exhalation assist cranial fault, pull A-P on the mastoid). Recheck the
original weak muscle and it should test strong. If it is still weak, do 4-
5 more respiratory assists on the mastoid during the proper POR and
recheck. When the muscle tests strong, have the patient inhale and
check it again, and exhale and check it again. If either of these makes
the muscle weak, continue to treat the mastoid on the proper POR
until the muscle tests strong in the clear and strong while checking
177
5
respiration. Now you're finished with the "CSP factor and can move
on to the next factor.
6. To correct for the "AMC" factor, have the patient repeat the TL of
the Alarm Point associated with the meridian of the weak muscle and
confirm that it strengthens it Remember to be on the same side as the
weak muscle unless the Alarm Point is on the midline. You will now
move on to the Tonification Point associated with this meridian and
tap it for 30 seconds. Recheck the original weak muscle and it should
be strong. If it is still weak, continue tapping on the Tonification
Point for another 30 seconds. When the muscle tests strong, have the
patient once again TL the Alarm Point. The muscle should test
strong. If it is still weak, continue tapping the Tonification Point for
another 30 seconds. When the muscle tests strong in the clear, and
strong with TL to the Alarm Point, you are finished with the "AMC"
factor and can move on to the next factor.
7. The above represents the initial correction of any particular factor.

Remember that we first analyzed the patient for any weak muscles.
Then we used the 5 factors to find something that would strengthen
the weak muscle. After we have corrected any of the factors, the
original weak muscle now is strong and this will change the
remaining analysis. A factor will still be active when there is a change
in muscle strength (the now strong muscle will go weak) either with
TL or a POR. We will be finished with the treatment when the
muscles test strong in the clear and stay strong with TL and POR.
178
Student Name Date_
Examiner1
Examiner2
Examiner3
E xaminer 1 E xa miner 2 E xa miner 3
1. Latissiums Dorsi
Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
2. Supraspinatus
Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
3. Serratus Anticus
Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
4. Anterior Deltoid
Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
179
Student Name Date_
Examiner1
Examiner2
Examiner3
5. Middle Deltoid
Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
6. Posterior Deltoid
Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
7. Subscapularis
Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
8. Infraspinatus
Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
180
Student Name Date_
Examiner1
Examiner2
Examiner3
9. Teres Minor
Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
10. Rhomboids
Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
11. Levator Scapula

Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
12. Coracobrachialis
Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
181
Student Name Date_
Examiner1
Examiner2
Examiner3
13. Pectoralis Major Sternal
Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
14. Pectoralis Major Clavicular

Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
15. Pectoralis Minor

Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
16. Upper Trapezius

Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
182
Student Name Date_
Examiner1
Examiner2
Examiner3
17. Lower Trapezius
Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
18. Middle Trapezius

Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
19. Teres Major

Muscle Test
N
NL
NV
CSF
AMC
183
Applied Kinesiology Pelvic Categories
Pelvic Movement with respiration

o Inhalation
Ilia move laterally
Symphysis pubis moves inferiorly
Sacral base moves posteriorly
Sacral apex moves anteriorly
PSIS moves medially
o Exhalation
Ilia moves medially
Symphysis pubis moves superiorly
Sacral base moves anteriorly
Sacral apex moves posteriorly
PSIS moves laterally
Cat II (Considered an osseous subluxation of the pelvis)

Typical complaint
o Leg pain that develops during the night, not present during
the day
o Mid-thoracic, lumbar, abdominal pain on lifting
o May have a dropped arch on involved side
Subluxation
o Two Types (Identified by TL to the articulation)
Sacroiliac Joint (Cat IIsi)
Posterior Ilium
o Associated Muscles
Sartorious
Gracilis
o Short Leg
o Long Innominate
Posterior Ischium
o Associated Muscles
Hamstrings
o Long Leg
o Short Innominate
Symphysis Pubis Joint (Cat IIsp)
o Associated Muscle
Sartorious
184
CAT IIsi Analysis and Correction
o Patient supine
o Find an IM (sartorious or rectus femoris)
o TL each SI separately with one hand
o Rebound challenge on the side of positive TL
PI Ilium (Lift PSIS and release)
Post Ischium (Lift posterior ischium and release)
o Put a block perpendicular to the spine under the positive
challenge on one side and perpendicular to the spine under
the negative challenge on the contralateral side.
o When TL to the SI is negative, pull the blocks
o Recheck the TL to the SI
Cat IIsp Analysis and Correction

o Patient supine
o Check sartorious (should be strong)
o TL symphysis pubis (sartorious goes weak)
o Rebound challenge opposite PI ilium/Post Ischium
o Put a block perpendicular to the spine under the
appropriate PSIS on one side and the Post Ischium on the
other side
o If block placement is correct, there will no longer be a
positive TL of the symphysis pubis
o Do short leg/long leg maneuver while patient is on blocks
o Remove blocks and recheck TL of symphysis pubis)
(sartorious should test strong)
185
Cat I (Torsion of the pelvis without a subluxation)
Common complaint is cervical spine tension

Pain and limited motion on turning their head
Secondary to pelvic torsion there is often torsion of the shoulder
girdle
Muscle Involvement
Piriformis
o weak on the side of two-handed TL
o hypertonic on other side
o If weak on opposite side of two-handed TL patient is
neurologically disorganized
Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Sacrospinalis
Quadratus Lumborum
Oblique Abdominals
CAT I Analysis and Correction

Patient prone
Find an IM (usually hamstrings)
TL both SI’s at the same time
TL both hands on the same SI (weak side is primary side)
Palpate posterior 1 strib head for tenderness
Rebound challenge opposite PSIS’s and Ischial tuberosities
Place blocks 45◦ facing each other on diagonals opposite the +
challenge
Monitor rib head for change in tenderness
Use a pumping assist (10x) either on the PSIS or Ischial
tuberosity according to the following rules:
o Not on the primary side
o Not over a block
Recheck TL with patient on blocks
Recheck TL with patient off blocks
186
Cat III (Dysfunction of L5 on an intact pelvis or an intact pelvis on L5)
Common complaint is severe sciatica
Can have lumbar disc involvement
Can have Lumbar facet syndrome
TL – none
CAT III Analysis and Correction

Patient prone
Find an IM (usually hamstrings)
Rebound challenge –
o Contact one side of the L5 spinous with one thumb and
grab the opposite ilium with the other hand and rotate
them towards the midline.
o Repeat on the other side
Place one block 90◦ to the spine under the ASIS on the side of the
+ L5 challenge.
Place the other block 90◦ to the spine under the trochanter
Check for tenderness at L5 spinous
Progressively rotate the block under the trochanter inferiorly until
any pain/tenderness is diminished
While patient is on the blocks, check for a sacral fault
o Sacral Inspiration Assist Fault (S-W on exhalation)
o Sacral Expiration Assist Fault (S-W on inhalation)
Correct the sacral fault while the patient is on blocks
o Sacral Inspiration Assist Fault SCP sacral apex
P-A, 4-5 times, 4-5 lbs of pressure
o Sacral Expiration Assist Fault SCP sacral base
P-A, 4-5 times, 4-5 lbs of pressure
Recheck sacral fault
Recheck rebound challenge on the blocks
Recheck rebound challenge off the blocks
187
Applied Kinesiology Peer Review of Pelvic Categories
Student Name Date

Examiner 1
Examiner 2
Examiner 3
E xaminer 1 E xa miner 2 E xa miner 3

Pelvic Category I
Indicator Muscle - Hamstrings
TL-Both SI’s Same Time, then 2 on 1
1st Rib Check
Rebound Challenge – PSIS/Opp Ischium
Block Placement-45°Down/45°Up
1st Rib Check
Pumping Assist
On Block Check –Recheck TL both SI’s
Off Block Check – Recheck TL both SI’s
Pelvic Category IIsi

Indicator Muscle – Rectus Femoris
TL-One SI at a time
Rebound Challenge – one SI then ischium
Block Placement - 90° to Spine
On Block Check – TL one SI
Off Block Check – TL one SI
Pelvic Category IIsp

Indicator Muscle - Sartorius
TL-Symphysis Pubis
Rebound Challenge – PSIS/Opp Ischium
Short Leg Long Leg
On Block Check – TL Symphysis Pubis
Off Block Check - TL Symphysis Pubis
Pelvic Category III

Indicator Muscle-Hamstrings
TL – None!
Rebound Challenge – L5/Opp Ilium
L5 Spinous Pain Check – Move block
Sacral Fault – Inhale/Exhale
On Block Check - Rebound Challenge
Off Block Check- Rebound Challenge
188
Applied Kinesiology Peer Review of Cranial Bones
Student Name Date
Examiner1
Examiner2
Examiner 3
E x amin er 1 E xa miner 2 E xa miner 3

Establish a good indicator muscle
Inhalation Assist Cranial Fault
Rebound challenge P-A on each mastoid
Push P-A on positive, 4-5x, 4-5 inhalations
Retest rebound challenge
Exhalation Assist Cranial Fault
Rebound challenge A-P on each mastoid
Push A-P on positive, 4-5x, 4-5 inhalations
Sphenobasilar Inspiration Assist Cranial Fault
Rebound challenge P-A on each mastoid and
simultaneously push I-S on the palate.
Push P-A and I-S on positive, 4-5x, 4-5 during
forced inhalation
Sphenobasilar Exspiration Assist Cranial Fault
Rebound challenge A-P on each mastoid and
simultaneously pull P-A on the maxilla.
Push A-P on mastoid and pull P-Aon maxilla on
positive, 4-5x, 4-5 during forced exhalation
Glabella Cranial Fault
Rebound challenge approximating EOP and
glabella at the same time.
Assess whether inhalation through the nose or the
mouth abolishes the positive challenge.
Approximate EOP and glabella on the POR that
abolishes the positive challenge 4x, then an
additional 4x while pushing S-I on C1-C3
Restest rebound challenge
189
Rebound challenge approximating ipsi frontal and
occipital bones: straight, cw twist, ccw twist
Approximate in the direction which caused
greatest weakening of indicator on ½ held
inhalation, 4-5x (about 4-5 seconds)
Parietal Descent
Rebound challenge parietal bone by flicking it I-S
Cross thumbs and position finger tips on parietal
bones. Lift involved side on ½ held exhalation, 4-
5x (about 4-5 seconds)
Rebound challenge one cheek at a time
Push I-S on ipsi palate, S-I on ipsi pterygoid, and
I-S on contra pterygoid for 30 seconds each
Rebound challenge by compressing lip in front of
incisor and pushing S-I
Push I-S on contra palate and I-S on ipsi
pterygoid for 30 seconds each
Rebound challenge A-P/L-M on each nasal bone
Assess whether inhalation or exhalation is able to
abolish the positive challenge
Push A-P/L-M on positive during POR that
abolished the positive challenge 4-5x
Universal Cranial Fault
Direct challenge -Twist occiput cw and hold, ccw
and hold
Assess whether inhalation through left or right
nostril abolishes the positive challenge
Twist opposite direction of positive direct
challenge during POR that abolished positive
challenge.
Retest direct challenge
190
Preface pages ix – x
Introduction pages xi – xii
Chapter 2, General Examination and Treatment Procedures pages 30 – 51; 60-67
Introduction to Applied Kinesiology pages 2-4
Triad of Health pages 11 – 12
Structural Balance page 12
Five Factors of the IVF page 13
Muscle-Organ/Gland/Meridian Association page 14
Postural Analysis pages 30-37
Therapy Localization pages 37-39
Temporal Tap pages 40 – 43
Origin/Insertion Technique pages 45 – 46
Neurolymphatic Reflexes pages 46 – 47
Neurovascular Reflexes pages 48 – 51
Extraspinal Subluxation Challenge page 61
Muscle Proprioceptors pages 62 – 64 (Autogenic Inhibition)
Lovett Reactor pages 70 -71
Vertebral Subluxations page 71
Intrinsic Spinal Muscles page 72
Anterior Thoracic Subluxation page 73
Occipital Subluxation page 74
Upper Cervical Subluxation page 75-78
Sacral Distortion page 78 – 80
Respiratory Adjustment page 80
Persistent Subluxation page 81
Imbrication Subluxation pages 81 – 83
Vertebral Fixations pages 86 – 93
Pelvic Categories pages 109 -116
Sagittal Suture Tap Technique page 132-133
Nutrition pages 138 -142
Neurologic Disorganization pages 170-175 (Gait Inhibition)
Injury Recall Technique (IRT) pages 184 – 187
Gait Testing pages 207-209
Walking Gait Temporal Pattern pages 210 – 211
Muscle/Meridian Association page 237
Alarm Points page 274
Pulse Diagnosis pages 275-276
Tonification and Sedation Points pages 284 – 288
AK Use of Melzack-Wall Gate Theory in Pain Control pages 289293
Muscle Testing and Function pages 305 -372
Stomatognathic System pages 376 – 402
Sacral Respiratory Function pages 403 -405
Psychological Reversal pages 427 – 428
Emotional Neurovascular Reflex pages 433-434
Ileocecal Valve Syndrome pages 494 – 500
Adrenal Stress Disorder pages 503 -514
191

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Applied Kinesiology

Presented by Thomas M. Redenbaugh, D.C

David S. W alther, D.C.

George Joseph Goodheart, Jr. , D.C.

• Sometimes a muscle tested weak with no

Five Factors of the IVF

Five Factors of the IVF

Five Factors of the IVF

Five Factors of the IVF

Five Factors of the IVF

The Science and Art of Manual

The Science and Art of Manual

The Science and Art of Manual

The Science and Art of Manual

The Science and Art of Manual

The Science and Art of Manual

The Science and Art of Manual

The Science and Art of Manual

The Science and Art of Manual

The Science and Art of Manual

The Science and Art of Manual

The Science and Art of Manual

The Science and Art of Manual

The Science and Art of Manual

The Science and Art of Manual

The Science and Art of Manual

The Science and Art of Manual

Factors that Influence Muscle

Factors that Influence Muscle

Factors that Influence Muscle

Factors that Influence Muscle

Factors that Influence Muscle

Factors that Influence Muscle

Factors that Influence Muscle

Factors that Influence Muscle

The following is meant as a guide and

When a person is healthy,

Please remember that strong and

An example of this is shoulder

This can easily be demonstrated

The simulated gait position

In this position, the shoulder

Inhibition of the shoulder flexors

This normal action can be

For one reason or another, it

The receptors in the rest of the

Since the central nervous

Improper afferent stimulation is

Trauma to ligaments, muscles,

Early in Applied Kinesiology Dr.

In some cases, the latissimus

If the circulation sex meridian is

When using manual muscle

Disorganization may also result

An example of and common test

When the eyes are turned in a

Ocular lock can usually be

In the general area of KI 27 there

When neurologic disorganization

To find the cause of neurologic

For example, the patient therapy

The examiner proceeds to evaluate

If the dropped metatarsal arch is