Visayas State University

College of Engineering
Department of Geodetic Engineering
Visca, Baybay City, 6521-A, Leyte, Philippines

Vision: A globally competitive university in science, technology and environmental conservation.

Mission: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative
technologies for sustainable communities and environment.

ESci 121n –Fundamentals of Surveying

Laboratory

Exercise No. 5
INCLINED STADIA SIGHTS

Name: Kenny Peter A. Yao Date Performed: March , 2019 Score:_____

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Course and Year: BSABE-1 Date Submitted: March , 2019

I. INTRODUCTION
In this lab exercise the class used a theodolite in determining the inclined stadia
sights. So, what is a theodolite? A theodolite is a precision instrument for measuring
angles in the horizontal and vertical planes. In this exercise the class used the
instrument to measure the angle in vertical plane.

In this exercise the class must be able to determine 3 things. The height of the
instrument, the hair readings, and the angle in vertical plane using the theodolite.

II. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the laboratory class, the students should be able to:

• Determine inclined stadia distance and its horizontal and vertical components

• Determine the elevation of a distant point

III. MATERIALS AND TOOLS NEEDED

The materials and tools needed in this laboratory exercise are:

- theodolite or engineer’s transit
- tripod
- stadia rod
- field notebook
 IV. PROCEDURE
The instrument was set-up and levelled on one end of the designated line, point A. the
rodman was directed to hold the levelling or stadia rod vertically at the other end of the line,
point B and a foresight was taken on the rod. The apparent location of the stadia hairs on the
rod was observed and the upper stadia hair reading, and lower stadia hair reading was
recorded. Also, the apparent location of the horizontal cross hair on the rod was recorded as
the rod reading. Next, the vertical angle was read, and its quantity was recorded. Afterwards,
using the stadia rod, the actual height of the instrument above the occupied point was
measured and recorded as HI. Lastly, all measured and computed values were tabulated
accordingly using the sample format provided.

V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

HI: 1.29 ELEVATION OF POINT A: 0 K: 100

Hair Reading Stadia Distance
Sta. Sta. Vert.
S
Occ. Obs. Upper Hor. Lower Angle HD VD ID

0 63.64 1.68 1.51 1.34 0.34 13038’ 32.11 7.79 33.04

The occupied point is 0 and the observed point is 63.64. The upper reading is 1.68 and the
lower reading is 1.34. The horizontal/middle reading, 1.51 is obtained by getting the sum of
the upper and the lower reading and divided this into 2. The stadia intercept denoted by s is
0.34 which was obtained by getting the difference between the upper and the lower hair
reading. The vertical angle is 13038’ which was obtained from the vernier. The instrument
height is 1.29 which was measured by using the stadia rod. The stadia distances, HD, VD
and ID with measurements 32.11, 7.79 and 33.04 were obtained from computations using
the vertical angle as alpha or the reference angle.

Formula in determining the horizontal, vertical and inclined distances for external and
internal focusing are the following:

External Focusing
HD= KsCos2(α) + CCos(α)
VD= KsCos(α)Sin(α) + CSin(α)
ID= KsCos(α) + C

Internal Focusing
2
HD= KsCos (α)
VD= KsCos(α)Sin(α)
ID= KsCos(α)

External and internal focusing can be distinguished depending on the specifications of the
instrument used.
VI. SKETCH

VII. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION(S)

VIII. REFERENCES