International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2014)

Wireless Power Transmission

Vikash Mishra1, Lavya Nigam2, Anand Mohan3
1,2
Department of computer science & Engineering, HITM, Agra
3
BS-MS program IISER, Mohali
Abstract— In this paper, we are discussing concept of When transmitter coil is excited than it generates flux
transmitting power without wires. The various technologies and when receiver coil receives this flux a potential
are now evolved for wireless transmission of electricity and difference is developed across its terminals. The potential
the need for a wireless system of energy transmission is being difference developed in receivers is directly related to
discussed here to find its possibility in actual practices, their
distance between transmitter and receiver coil [7]. Fig.1
advantages, disadvantages and their feasibility. Many
theories, research papers, patents are available on wireless shows the basic model for WPT [1].
transmission of electricity but its practical use is not started
yet. The paper briefly explains the possible ways to get useful
and practical results out of all research carried out so far
elsewhere.

Keywords—Wireless Power Transmission (WPT), methods

for WPT, Optical approach for WPT.

I. INTRODUCTION
One of the major drawbacks in current power
distribution system is the losses during the transmission of
electrical energy. As the demands of power are increasing
conveniently, power generation also increases and this This is the basic model and its efficiency is very poor
leads to increase power loss during transmission. Our and cannot be used for large distance transmission.
present transmission system is only 70-74% efficient this
means about 1/3 of our generated power is waste in
distribution [1]. Now-a-days global scenario has been
changed a lot and there is tremendous development in
every field. So we have to keep pace for development of
new power technology. The transmission of power without
wires may be one noble alternative for electricity
transmission.
The definition of Wireless Power Transmission (WPT)
can be given as a way of efficient transmission of electric
power from one point to another trough vacuum or an
atmosphere without the use of wire or any other substance
[2].

II. WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSMISSION TECHNOLOGY We can enhance its efficiency by inductive coupling as
shown in fig.2. But after this also we cannot use it for long
A. Electromagnetic induction method:- distance transmission.
The basic concept behind electromagnetic approach of
WPT is magnetic induction between two coil say
transmitting and receiving coil.

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 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2014)

For transmitting power through this method for long

B. Optical method:
distance we have to introduce intermediate coils between
transmitter and receiver as shown in fig.3&fig.4[5]. The method by which sunlight reaches earth has been
the driving force for main attempt to achieve wireless
power transmission. It is natural methodology behind
wireless power transmission.
Basic theory behind optical mode of wireless power
transmission is to convert electricity in laser beam which
point to receiver made up of photovoltaic cell. This
mechanism is known as "power beaming". In principle, all
lasers can be used for transmitting power[1][2].

In general term this intermediate coils is called repeaters

[5][6]. These repeaters increase efficiency of transmission.
We can also use spiral coil for making transmitter and
Receivers as shown in fig.5 [6]. Efficiency is improved by
using spiral based WPT[4][5].

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 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2014)
The longest distance between emitting and receiving To demonstrate technical feasibility, researchers would
points achieved so far is in the order to hundred kilometers. first like to transmit kilowatts of power from a satellite in
The largest amount of energy transmitted so far was during Low-earth orbit.
an experiment by the US Jet Propulsion Laboratory in
1975, when 30 kW were transmitted from a 26 m diameter
parabolic dish to a 1.54 km distant rectenna with 85%
efficiency [2].
In 2002 and 2003, Steinsiek and Schoafer demon started
ground to ground wireless power transmission via laser to a
small, otherwise fully independent rover vehicle equipped
with photovoltaic cells as a first step towards the use of this
technology for powering airships and further in the future
lunar surface rovers. The experiment was based on a green,
frequency-doubled Nd:YAG[4] laser at only a few Watts. It
included the initiation and supply of the rover including a
micro-camera as payload as well as the pointing and
tracking of the moving rover over a distance up to 280 m
by applying active control loops shows EADS developed,
fully laser powered autonomous rover.

III. APPLICATIONS
Wireless power transmission would have numerous
applications. Some of the applications involve simply
powering devices or vehicles from a remote power source.
However If long distance, high efficiency wireless power
transmission is possible than night time off peak load is
available, it also make possible that half of the excess
power generation capability can be utilized. Wireless
power transfer could allow an alternative source of clean
energy by transmitting solar power from space back down
to places where it is needed on earth. Some applications are
as follows-
A. Solar Power Satellites
If an efficient method of wireless power transmission is
developed, one possible application would be a solar power
satellite. This idea consists of having a satellite with solar
panels orbiting the earth. The satellite generates electrical
energy using its solar panels. This energy is encoded into
suitable means and transmitted wirelessly to receivers on
the earth. The receivers then decode the transmitted energy
back into usable electrical power.
Additionally, target 80% conversion efficiency is desired
within both the transmitter and the receiver. Since the
satellite orbits above the atmosphere, it would consistently
collecting solar energy, as opposed to photovoltaic systems
on earth which may be obstructed by weather conditions.
Also, a single satellite could potentially provide power to
many locations around the world by having multiple
wireless power receivers linked to the satellite. Thus, the
development of solar power satellites could consistently
provide clean energy around the world[1].
B. Wireless Charging of Devices
One of major issue in remote electronic device is to plug
it regularly for charging. There were many experiments
done and some are successfully till some extent. If an
efficient method of wireless power transmission is
developed than problem of plugging electronic device
regularly can be resolved.

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 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2014)
IV. DVANTAGES, DESADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS POWER
TRANSMISSION
Wireless power transmission is consider as one of the
most effective and evolving power transmission technique
and has following advantages of using it-
i. High Transmission Integrity and Low Loss: - To
transmits wireless power to any distance without
limit. It makes no difference what the distance is. The
efficiency of the transmission can be as high as 96 or
97 per cent, and there are practically no losses[9][10].
ii. An electrical distribution system, based on this
method would eliminate the need for an inefficient,
costly, and capital intensive grid of cables, towers,
and substations. The system would reduce the cost of
electrical energy used by the consumer and rid the
landscape of wires, cables, and transmission
towers[9].
iii. There are areas of the world where the need for
electrical power exists, yet there is no method for
delivering power. Africa is in need of power to run
pumps to tap into the vast resources of water under
the Sahara Desert. Rural areas, such as those in China,
require the electrical power necessary to bring them
into the 20th century and to equal standing with
western nations. The wireless transmission will solve
many of these problems. Electrical energy can be
economically transmitted without wires to any
terrestrial distance, so there will be no transmission
and distribution loss
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iv. The increasing demand for electrical energy in
industrial nations is well documented. If we include
the demand of third world nations, pushed by their
increasing rate of growth, we could expect an even
faster rise in the demand for electrical power in the
future. These systems can only meet this 90–94 %
efficient transmission
v. More efficient energy distribution systems and
sources are needed by both developed and under
developed nations. In regards to the new systems, the
market for wireless power transmission is enormous.
It has the potential to become a multi-billion dollar
per year market.
Every coin has two sides and same story continue over
here it means wireless power transmission method also has
some demerit. The major disadvantage of this method is a
biological impact on wireless power transmission. One
common criticism of the Tesla wireless power system is
regarding its possible biological effects. While calculating
the circulating reactive power, it was found that the
frequency is very small and such a frequency is very
biologically compatible.
V. CONCLUSION
The transmission of power without wires is not a theory,
it is now a reality. The electrical power can be
economically transmitted without wires to any terrestrial
distance. Many researchers have worked and established in
numerous observations, experiments and measurements,
qualitative and quantitative. Dr.N.Tesla is the father of this
invention. Wireless transmission of electricity have
tremendous merits like high transmission integrity and Low
Loss (90 – 97 % efficient) and can be transmitted to
anywhere in the globe and eliminate the need for an
inefficient, costly, and capital intensive grid of cables,
towers, and substations. The system would reduce the cost
of electrical energy used by the consumer and get rid of the
landscape of wires, cables, and transmission towers. It has
negligible demerits like reactive power which was found
insignificant and biologically compatible. It has a
tremendous economic impact to human society. Many
countries will benefit from this service. Monthly electric
utility bills from old-fashioned, fossil-fuelled, loss prone
electrified wire-grid delivery services will be optional,
much like ―cable TV‖ of today [1].
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2014)
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