Effects of Chicken Manure Tea Extract on the Growth of Mahogany Plant (​Swietenia

Macrophylla)

A Research Proposal Submitted to the Department of Science

University of Asia and the Pacific

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the course
Science, Technology, & Society (SCI117)

1JMAHUM: Group 5

Agor, Angelica Nathanielle T.

Sison, Sophia Kyla S.
Tan, Allaine Dennese Lim

August 28, 2018

I. Introduction
Background of the Study
Aside from having excellent durability and girthiness, the ​Swietenia Macrophylla,
commonly known as “Mahogany” is prized for its beauty and color in constructing furniture,
boats, musical instruments, and other wooden items. Its reddish-brown color darkens over time
and displays a reddish sheen when polished. Aside from this, it also resists wood rot, making it
favorable to use for making musical instruments. These properties make it the most popular type
of wood to use for crafting items.
However, the ​Swietenia Macrophylla p​ lant roughly takes 25 years to mature into a height
of 50 feet. With the help of the chicken manure tea extract, perhaps the growth could be sped up.
Chicken manure compost is rich in nitrogen and contains a decent amount of potassium and
phosphorus which can be beneficial as a fertilizer for soil low in nitrogen.

Objectives (Major and Minor) of the Study

This study aims to test the effectiveness of the chicken manure tea extract as a fertilizer
for the ​Swietenia Macrophylla ​plant. It also aims to find out what in the chicken manure affects
the growth of the mahogany plant.

Significance of the Study

This study is relevant because the mahogany plant is one of the most popular types of
wood for making wooden furniture such as cabinets. It is highly sought after because of its
excellent workability and its resistance to wood rot. Aside from this, it has numerous health
benefits. With this in mind, finding a way to speed up the growth of the ​Swietenia Macrophylla
would benefit those who would want to start a business. Chicken manure is an organic
alternative to chemical fertilizer that could potentially help the plant grow faster without the
negative effects of inorganic fertilizers. This research hypothesize that if the mahogany plant is
exposed to the chicken manure tea extract, then the growth of the plant would rapidly accelerate.
Statement of the Problem
“Does the chicken manure tea extract contribute to the growth of the ​Swietenia
Macrophylla?​ ” ​This question bothers researchers today, with a number saying that chicken
manure tea extract is a good organic fertilizer for plants. Over the years, prices of inorganic
fertilizers have increased due to escalated fuel prices which resulted to the use of the chicken
manure tea extract as soil fertilizers. Chicken manures have been frequently used as organic
fertilizers as it is said to contain nutrients good for the plant. This study will give the researchers
the answer on whether chicken manure tea extract contributes to the growth of the ​Swietenia
Macrophylla, o​ r commonly known as the Mahogany Plant.

Scope and Limitation

This research will only discuss and focus on the effectiveness of the chicken manure tea
extract to the growth of the Mahogany Plant or ​Swietenia Macrophylla. I​ t will also exclude the
other species of trees and plants. The differences and effects of other poultry manures that are
also being used as organic fertilizers will also not be discussed and included in this paper.
Finally, this research will only be conducted within the campus of the University of Asia and the
Pacific, including all the instruments that is available there, and the research will be conducted
within a month for observation, excluding the preparation of the materials.

Definition of Terms
1.) Swietenia Macrophylla
The ​Swietenia Macrophylla, ​or commonly known as the Mahogany Plant, is a very large
tree that can reach a height of 30-40 meters and a girth of 3-4 meters. Its trunk is straight,
cylindrical, having a buttressed base, a rough bark, and flakes off in small patches.

2.) Chicken Manure

Chicken Manure is the feces of the chicken that is used as an organic fertilizer. It is very
high in nitrogen and has good amounts of potassium and phosphorus, which is said to be
beneficial for plants.
 3.) Invasive Species
Invasive Species are aliens to the ecosystem and is said to cause environment harm or
harm to human health.

II. Review of Related Literature

Swietenia Macrophylla​, may also be referred to as ​Swietenia belizensis or ​Swietenia

krokovii,​ has many common names such as “big-leaf mahogany” and “mahogany” as its

household name. Since this plant is known to reach a maximum height of 50 feet in a rough

estimation of 25 years, this means that they have a relatively fast growth compared to other trees

(Mcmullen, 2018). This plant usually grows in dense forests where soil doesn’t fully dry up.

Mahogany plants grow best on slightly-acidic soil, which is why this may not be the best type of

plant to be planted in house and office gardens but rather, in highly isolated areas. The ​Swietenia

Macrophylla ​must be planted and grown in highly isolated areas since they are known to be

invasive species (Feeling Environmentalist, 2014).

Aside from being known as an invasive species, the mahogany plant ​has been a prized

timber product in a number of countries and its seed also has health benefits such as, controlling

the blood sugar and a healthy heart. Other than helping in increasing the blood circulation in the

body and controlling the blood sugar, mahogany seeds crushed into powder form can serve as an

insect deterrent to ward off mosquitoes and bugs. Additionally, it can treat constipation and can

aid in the lessening of menstrual cramps for the ladies. Lastly, being a prized timber product in

many countries, it has been a sturdy building base for high-quality furniture and musical

instruments.
 In the paper “Cucumber Plants Growth and Crop Yield of Chicken Manure Fertilized

with Plant Spacing” (Sri Pratiwi Aritonang, et. al, 2018), the researchers hypothesized that the

chicken manure can affect the growth rate of the cucumber plants. They concluded that the

chicken manure has the capability to improve the soil’s physical properties for better cultivation,

and therefore supports better root growth. The four different spaces applied in the research are

still optimum space for growing cucumber plants were no competition between plants for

nutrients. Therefore the application of fertilizer in which chicken manure was used can result in

better growth of the plant (Aritonang, et. al, 2018).

Additionally, the article of Sri Pratiwi Aritonang about “Cucumber Plants (Cucumis

sativus L.) Growth and Crop Yield of Chicken Manure Fertilized with Plant Spacing”, show that

the cucumber plant growth increased with the dose of chicken manure. First, this can be seen by

the increase growth of the cucumber plant when you increase the doses of the chicken manure.

According to their results, the 4 weeks old plant grew the tallest. Secondly, the researchers

recorded the effectiveness of chicken manure dose to the number of leaves in the cucumber

plant. It can be concluded that the weight of the third treatment does differ from the controlled

variable. Lastly, the researchers gathered data on the effect of chicken manure dose to the fresh

fruit weight.

On the other hand, the research “Chicken manure-enhanced soil fertility and productivity:

Effects of application rates” (Dikinya, Oagile and Mufwanzala, Namasiku, 2010) discuss that

this study was undertaken to observe and analyze the effects of the chicken manure on soil

chemical properties, production of spinach (Spinacia oleracea), and as well as the uptake of

nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. The usage of chicken manure as an organic fertilizer is
essential in the soil productivity and crop production. The study showed that chicken manure is a

potential source of nutrients and chemical conditioner beneficial for the plants. Furthermore, the

results also revealed that there was an increase in the spinach yield when application rates of the

chicken manure and soil chemicals(Luvic Calcisol, Ferralic Arenosol, Vertic Luvisol) were

gradually increased, giving a positive effect on the production of spinach. But overall, chicken

manure as an organic fertilizer essentially improves the soil productivity and crop production.

(Dikinya, Oagile and Mufwanzala, Namasiku, 2010)

The hypothesis is proven by the paper “Effect of Chicken Manure Application on

Cassava Biomass and Root Yields in Two Agro-Ecologies of Zambia” (Biratu, Elias, et. al,

2018), wherein they tested two different kinds of fertilizer on the cassava plant; mineral fertilizer

and chicken manure extract. The researchers concluded that ​“the results confirmed that the use of

both organic and mineral fertilizer increases cassava yield, but higher yields were observed in

response to chicken manure compared to the NPK fertilizer treatment. The 4.2 ton/ha chicken

manure treatment resulted in the highest cassava root and biomass yield at both locations.”

(Biratu, Elias, et. al, 2018)

Despite using different methods and plants, the fact that the researchers used chicken

fertilizers proves that mostly everyone agrees that chicken fertilizer is an alternative to other

kinds of fertilizers with chemicals. In this paper, this experiment will try to prove that chicken

fertilizer tea extract can rapidly increase the growth of the mahogany plant.
III. Procedure and Methods
A. Collection and Processing of Swietenia Macrophylla
An amount of ​Swietenia Macrophylla will be acquired from the Quezon Memorial Circle.
The plant will be examined by the color, number and condition of leaves, height, weight and
number of branches.

B. zaqwerfPreparation of the Pot

The researchers will secure two pots of plants in a well lit place in the University of Asia
and Pacific. The pot will placed outdoors in an open and bright area. You can place the plant
directly under the sun since it’s a heat-loving plant and grows better under the heat and direct
sunlight.

C. Collection and Processing of the Chicken Manure Tea Extract

Before gathering the chicken manure, the researchers should be wearing gloves to avoid
getting sick from all the pathogens present in the manure. First, get a burlap bag and place an
amount of chicken manure inside. Fill 1/3 of the bag and add a rock for it to stay immersed
underwater. You should seal the bag or tie a knot to be able to secure it. After, get a bucket full
of water then drop your bag full of chicken manure in it. Be sure to be able to cover the bucket
since it has a horrible stench. Your bucket should be located under the sun for it to soak for a few
days. You should stir your manure with a stick so it can soak in more nutrients. In about a week,
the chicken manure should be ready.

D. Experimental Procedure
Before differentiating the two pots, the researcher should remove the manure inside the
bag and fill the bucket with fresh water. You have to make sure that 1/2 of the bucket is filled
with fresh water and the other 1/2 is filled with chicken manure to stop the plants from absorbing
too much nitrogen and burning afterwards. After doing this, you may start differentiating the two
pots. The second container will be planted with no additions which will show the normal rate of
growth of the ​Swietenia Macrophylla​ plant. The first container will be planted with a fair amount
of chicken manure on the bottom of the plant for the roots to absorb and so that it does not
replace the soil. This will show the effectiveness of the chicken manure tea extract as a fertilizer
for the mahogany​ p​ lant.

E. Methods for Data Collection

To confirm the effectiveness of the chicken manure extract, a qualitative data collection
method to determine the growth of the ​Swietenia Macrophylla ​plant will be used for this study.
The researchers will take note of any changes in the plant everyday. This experiment will last
for 30 days. The two samples will show if the chicken manure affects the growth of the plant. ​If
Container 2 grows more than Container 1 (control) after 30 days, then it is possible to say that
the chicken manure tea extract really does act as a good fertilizer.

Materials
● Two (2) pots of ​Swietenia Macrophylla
● One (1) clump of chicken manure
● Two (2) pots/containers for the plants - 2 inches wider than the stalk
● Gloves
● Burlap bag
● Bucket
● Two kinds of water - bottled and freshwater
● Camera
Sources:
www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380013842_Dikinya and Mufwanzala.pdf.
www.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Swietenia_macrophylla.PDF.
www.gardeningknowhow.com/ornamental/trees/mahogany/information-on-mahogany-trees.htm.
www. florafaunaweb.nparks.gov.sg/Special-Pages/plant-detail.aspx?id=3150.
www.gardeningknowhow.com/​composting/manures/chicken-manure-fertilizer.htm.
https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/species/mahogany
http://www.cifor.org/publications/pdf_files/Books/BKrisnawati1104.pdf
http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/ae944e/ae944e09.htm
http://marcosimoncelli.blogspot.com/2016/07/health-benefits-of-mahogany.html
https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/whatis.shtml
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/130/1/012045/pdf
http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/8/4/45/htm