Since this example is using 2D axisymmetric dimension.

Hence when x-axis is 0, it represents

centre of the pipe. From the figure above, it showed that the maximum velocity is 2.0121.
Different colour that show in figure represents the difference in velocity according to the
position of a pipe. From the view from right to left, the colour of the rectangle turns from dark
red to dark blue. This colour changes mean that fluid flow with high velocity in the centre of
pipe and slowest in the surface of wall. This is because the wall’s shear stress plays an
important role at region near to wall. Shear stress similar to friction, it will slow down the
velocity of the fluid. Hence, when fluid flow slowest when near to wall. The effect of shear
stress is reduced when far away from the wall. Hence the maximum velocity of fluid occurred
at the centre of the pipe.
Variation of colour that shown in figure above represent the different pressure region of the
pipeline. It showed that the pressure decreases along the flow of fluid. This is because the
pressure must decrease in the direction of flow due to the effect of viscous.
 Flow rate (m3/s) 0.0005 0.001 0.005 0.01
Maximum velocity (m/s) 15.834 31.666 158.23 316.23
Minimum velocity (m/s) 0 0 0 0
The figures and table above show the results of velocity when flow rate changed from when
flow rate changed from 0.0005m3/s to0.01 m3/s. In fully developed laminar flow in a pipe is
parabolic with a maximum velocity at the centreline of the pipe and minimum (zero) at the
surface of pipe wall. The 4 figures above show the surface of pipe wall will always dark blue
colour which represent zero velocity while the centreline always dark red which represent
maximum velocity. This condition fulfilled the fully developed laminar flow. On the other
hand, figures and table above shows that when flow rate increase from 0.0005 m3/s to 0.01
m3/s , velocity increase from 15.834 m/s to 316.23 m/s.
Q = AV
While
Q represent volumetric flow rate
A represent area
V represent volume
Equation above show that the when volumetric flow rate increase, velocity increase. Since the
fluid is incompressible, high flow rate forces the greater portion of fluid flow into the pipe,
hence velocity will increase. In simulation, the pipe size remain constant when flow rate
changes, hence, velocity increase due to flow rate is reasonable and logic.