1.

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORKING:

INTRODUCTION:
A computer network, often simply referred to as a
network, is a collection of computers and devices
connected by communications channels that facilitates
communications among users and allows users to share
resources with other users.

In computing, network programming, essentially identical

to socket programming or client–server programming,
involves writing computer programs that communicate
with other programs across a computer network. The
program or process initiating the communication is called
a client process, and the program waiting for the
communication to be initiated is the server process. The
client and server processes together form a distributed
system. The communication between the client and server
process may either be connection-oriented (such as an
established TCP virtual circuit or session), or
connectionless (based on UDP datagrams).A program that
can act both as a client and a server is based on peer-to-
peer communication.
NETWORK CLASSIFICATION:
LOCAL AREA NETWORK:

A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects

computers and devices in a limited geographical area such
as home, school, computer laboratory, office building, or
closely positioned group of buildings.

WIDE AREA NETWORK:

A wide area network (WAN) is a computer network that

covers a large geographic area such as a city, country, or
spans even intercontinental distances, using a
communications channel that combines many types of
media such as telephone lines, cables, and air waves.

METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK:

BASIC HARDWARE COMPONENTS:

All networks are made up of basic hardware building

blocks to interconnect network nodes, such as Network
Interface Cards (NICs), Bridges, Hubs, Switches, and
Routers. In addition, some method of connecting these
building blocks is required, usually in the form of galvanic
cable (most commonly Category 5 cable). Less common
are microwave links (as in IEEE 802.12) or optical cable.

2.HOW TO MAKE A CABLE USING RJ45 CONNECTOR:

WIRED TECHNOLOGIES:

TWISTED WIRE CABLE: Twisted wire cable is the most

widely used medium for telecommunication. Twisted-pair
wires are ordinary telephone wires which consist of two
insulated copper wires twisted into pairs and are used for
both voice and data transmission. The use of two wires
twisted together helps to reduce crosstalk and
electromagnetic induction. The transmission speed ranges
from 2 million bits per second to 100 million bits per
second.
COAXIAL CABLE: Coaxial cable is widely used for cable
television systems, office buildings, and other worksites
for local area networks. The cables consist of copper or
aluminum wire wrapped with insulating layer typically of a
flexible material with a high dielectric constant, all of
which are surrounded by a conductive layer. The layers of
insulation help minimize interference and distortion.
Transmission speed range from 200 million to more than
500 million bits per second.

OPTICAL CABLE: Optical fiber cable consists of one or

more filaments of glass fiber wrapped in protective layers.
It transmits light which can travel over extended distances
without signal loss. Fiber-optic cables are not affected by
electromagnetic radiation. Transmission speed may reach
trillions of bits per second. The transmission speed of
fiber optics is hundreds of times faster than for coaxial
cables.

CONNECTORS: Different types of connectors are available

but here we use a RJ45 connector. THE true RJ45(S) is an
extremely unc--ommon registered jack, but the name
"RJ45" is also used quite commonly to refer to any 8P8C
modular connector.
STEPS FOR MAKING CROSS AND SIMPLE CABLE USING A
RJ45 CONNECTOR:

STEP 1:Carefully remove the outer jacket of the cable. Be

careful when stripping the jacket as to not nick or cut the
internal wiring. One good way to do this is to cut
lengthwise with snips or a knife along the side of the
cable, away from yourself, about an inch toward the open
end. This reduces the risk of nicking the wires' insulation.
Locate the string inside with the wires, or if no string is
found, use the wires themselves to unzip the sheath of the
cable by holding the sheath in one hand and pulling
sideways with the string or wire. Cut away the unzipped
sheath and cut the twisted pairs about 1 1/4" (30 mm).
You will notice 8 wires twisted in 4 pairs. Each pair will
have one wire of a certain color and another wire that is
white with a colored stripe matching its partner (this wire
is called a tracer).

STEP 2:Inspect the newly revealed wires for any cuts or

scrapes that expose the copper wire inside. If you have
breached the protective sheath of any wire, you will need
to cut the entire segment of wires off and start over at
step one. Exposed copper wire will lead to cross-talk, poor
performance or no connectivity at all. It is important that
the jacket for all network cables remains intact.

STEP 3:Untwist the pairs so they will lay flat between your
fingers. The white piece of thread can be cut off even with
the jacket and disposed (see Warnings). For easier
handling, cut the wires so that they are 3/4" (19 mm) long
from the base of the jacket and even in length.
STEP 4:Arrange the wires based on the wiring
specifications you are following. There are two methods
set by the TIA, 568A and 568B. Which one you use will
depend on what is being connected. A straight-through
cable is used to connect two different-layer devices (e.g. a
hub and a PC). Two like devices normally require a cross-
over cable. The difference between the two is that a
straight-through cable has both ends wired identically
with 568B, while a cross-over cable has one end wired
568A and the other end wired 568B.[1] For our
demonstration in the following steps, we will use 568B,
but the instructions can easily be adapted to 568A.

568B -PUT THE WIRES IN THE FOLLOWING ORDER , FROM

LEFT TO RIGHT:

white orange, orange, white green, blue, white blue,

green, whitebrown,

brown
 * 568A - from left to right: white/green, green,
white/orange, blue, white/blue, orange, white/brown,
brown. You can also use the mnemonic 1-2-3-6/3-6-1-2 to
remember which wires are switched.

STEP 5:Press all the wires flat and parallel between your
thumb and forefinger. Verify the colors have remained in
the correct order. Cut the top of the wires even with one
another so that they are 1/2" (12.5 mm) long from the
base of the jacket, as the jacket needs to go into the 8P8C
connector by about 1/8", meaning that you only have a
1/2" of room for the individual cables. Leaving more than
1/2" untwisted can jeopardize connectivity and quality.
Ensure that the cut leaves the wires even and clean;
failure to do so may cause the wire not to make contact
inside the jack and could lead to wrongly guided cores
inside the plug.

STEP 6:Keep the wires flat and in order as you push them
into the RJ-45 plug with the flat surface of the plug on top.
The white/orange wire should be on the left if you're
looking down at the jack. You can tell if all the wires made
it into the jack and maintain their positions by looking
head-on at the plug. You should be able to see a wire
located in each hole, as seen at the bottom right. You may
have to use a little effort to push the pairs firmly into the
plug. The cabling jacket should also enter the rear of the
jack about 1/4" (6 mm) to help secure the cable once the
plug is crimped. You may need to stretch the sleeve to the
proper length. Verify that the sequence is still correct
before crimping.

STEP 7:Place the wired plug into the crimping tool. Give
the handle a firm squeeze. You should hear a ratcheting
noise as you continue. Once you have completed the
crimp, the handle will reset to the open position. To
ensure all pins are set, some prefer to double-crimp by
repeating this step.
 the climping tool used is shown in fig.

STEP 8:Repeat all of the above steps with the other end of
the cable. The way you wire the other end (568A or 568B)
will depend on whether you're making a straight-through,
rollover, or cross-over cable.

STEP 9:Test the cable to ensure that it will function in the

field. Mis-wired and incomplete network cables could lead
to headaches down the road. In addition, with power-over-
Ethernet (PoE) making its way into the market place,
crossed wire pairs could lead to physical damage of
computers or phone system equipment, making it even
more crucial that the pairs are in the correct order. A
simple cable tester can quickly verify that information for
you. Should you not have a network cable tester on hand,
simply test connectivity pin to pin.

3.HOW TO CONNECT TWO SYSTEMS AND THEN SHARE DATA

FOLLOWING ARE THE STEPS FOR DATA SHARING:

STEP1:First, disable any wireless internet connections on

both computers. This will prevent you from using the
wrong IP address.

STEP2:Connect the two computers using an Ethernet

cable. Almost all computers have this port.

STEP3:Find your PC's IP address. In XP, click Start-> run.

This will bring up a little box, instructing you to "Type the
name of a program, folder, document..." etc. Note: Vista
users can find the command prompt under Start->All
Programs->Accessories.
PRACTICA

OBJECTIV
Requirements
4.INTRODUCTION TO CISCO PACKET TRACER

Packet Tracer can be thought of as providing instructional

and assessment services at a number of levels (Frezzo,
Behrens, and Mislevy, in press). At the most fundamental
level, PT provides a comprehensive network simulation
covering a wide variety of networking devices, means of
connecting equipment, end devices, and the underlying
Cisco IOS. A high degree of proficiency with the Cisco IOS
is required for effective planning, configuration, and
troubleshooting of networking devices. The behavior of a
wide range of protocols is simulated, including the core
protocols of the Internet, TCP and IP, the ubiquitous HTTP,
and a wide variety of switching and routing protocols.
These capabilities provide an extensive space for practice
and exploration of networking concepts and procedures.
Figure 1 provides a screen-shot of a Packet Tracer
session. The simulation layer is hidden but associated with
the icons that represent intermediary networking devices
(e.g., switches and routers) and end-user devices(e.g.,
computers and IP phones) on the network. The network
represented in the workspace (upper left) is
comprehensively simulated. Visualization of data traffic is
seen both in the workspace and in the event examination
window on the upper right. Progress of network events
can be controlled one networking event at a time
(capture/forward), through continuous animation (play) or
allowed to progress in real-time. Additional detail scan be
visualized by clicking on events in the event examination
area.

Objective – to study the basics of “CISCO PACKET TRACER”

INTRODUCTION :-

Packet Tracer is a medium fidelity, network-capable,

simulation-based learning environment for networking
novices to design, configure, and troubleshoot computer
networks at a CCNA-level of complexity. Packet Tracer is
an integrated simulation, visualization, collaboration, and
assessment environment. Packet Tracer supports student
and instructor creation of simulations, visualizations, and
animations of networking phenomena. Like any
simulation, Packet Tracer relies on a simplified model of
networking devices and protocols. Real computer
networks, experienced both in-person/hands-on and
remotely, remain the benchmark for understanding
network behavior and developing networking skills.
Packet Tracer was created to help address the Digital
Divide in networking education, where many students and
teachers lack access to equipment, bandwidth, and
interactive modes of learning networking. We invite you to
use the help files and tutorials to learn about the major
features of the program, which include the items in the
following table.

Item Description

Protocols LAN: Ethernet (including CSMA/CD*),

802.11 a/b/g/n wireless*, PPPOE

Switching: VLANs, 802.1q, trunking,

VTP, DTP, STP*, RSTP*, multilayer
switching*, Etherchannel, LACP, PAgP

TCP/IP: HTTP, HTTPS, DHCP, DHCPv6,

Telnet, SSH, TFTP, DNS, TCP*, UDP,
IPv4*, IPv6*, ICMP, ICMPv6, ARP, IPv6
ND, FTP, SMTP, POP3, VOIP(H.323)
 Routing: static, default, RIPv1, RIPv2,
EIGRP, single-area OSPF, multi-area
OSPF, BGP, inter-VLAN routing,
redistribution

Other: ACLs (standard, extended, and

named), CDP, NAT (static, dynamic,
inside/outside, and overload), NATv6

WAN: HDLC, SLARP, PPP*, and Frame

Relay*

Security: IPsec, GRE, ISAKMP, NTP,

AAA, RADIUS, TACACS, SNMP, SSH,
SYSLOG, CBAC, Zone-based policy
firewall, IPS

QoS: Layer 2 QoS, Layer 3 Diffserv

QoS, FIFO Hardware queues, Priority
Queuing, Custom Queuing, Weighted
Fair Queuing, MQC, NBAR*

* indicates substantial modeling

limitations imposed

Logical Workspace Network topology creation

Devices: generic, real, and modular

with customizable images

Routers, switches, hosts (Server,

Desktop and Laptop), hubs, bridges,
wireless access points, wireless
routers, clouds, and DSL/cable
modems

Device interconnection through a

variety of networking media
 Multiuser remote networks

Physical Workspace Hierarchy of device, wiring closet,

building, city, and intercity views

Structured cabling: create BendPoints

and GroupPoints in cables and color
code cables

Ethernet cable length display and

length limitation connectivity
enforcement

Images for devices now customizable

and scalable

Loading and scaling of user-created

graphics

Wireless association management

Realtime Mode Realtime protocol updates

Medium-fidelity Cisco IOS CLI

configuration of routers and switches

Menu based configuration of DHCP,

DNS, HTTP, TFTP, Syslog, AAA, and
NTP servers

Simulation Mode Packet animation

Global event list (packet sniffer)

OSI Model, Detailed PDU, and Device

Table Views

User-defined multiple packet

scenarios
Local Authoring and Extensive file-saving options
Sharing
Multi-level Activity Wizard for
authoring automatically scored
practice activities and formative
assessment

Challenge Mode allowing users to

make device algorithm decisions on
packets

Easily translated GUI

Extensive textual and graphical

annotation features

External Applications (ExApps)

through Inter-Process Communication
(IPC)

Interface Overview

When you open Packet Tracer, by default you will be

presented with the following interface:
 This initial interface contains ten components. If you are
unsure of what a particular interface item does, move
your mouse over the item and a help balloon will explain
the item.

1 Menu Bar This bar provides the File, Edit, Options,

View, Tools, Extensions, and Help
menus. You will find basic commands
such as Open, Save, Save as Pkz, Print,
and Preferences in these menus. You
will also be able to access the Activity
Wizard from the Extensions menu.

2 Main Tool Bar This bar provides shortcut icons to the

File and Edit menu commands. This bar
also provides buttons for Copy, Paste,
 Undo, Redo, Zoom, the Drawing Palette,
and the Custom Devices Dialog. On the
right, you will also find the Network
Information button, which you can use
to enter a description for the current
network (or any text you wish to
include).

3 Common Tools This bar provides access to these

Bar commonly used workspace tools: Select,
Move Layout, Place Note, Delete,
Inspect, Resize Shape, Add Simple PDU,
and Add Complex PDU. See "Workspace
Basics" for more information.

4 Logical/Physica You can toggle between the Physical

l Workspace Workspace and the Logical Workspace
and Navigation with the tabs on this bar. In Logical
Bar Workspace, this bar also allows you to
go back to a previous level in a cluster,
create a New Cluster, Move Object, Set
Tiled Background, and Viewport. In
Physical Workspace, this bar allows you
to navigate through physical locations,
create a New City, create a New
Building, create a New Closet, Move
Object, apply a Grid to the background,
Set Background, and go to the Working
Closet.

5 Workspace This area is where you will create your

network, watch simulations, and view
many kinds of information and statistics.

6 Realtime/Simul You can toggle between Realtime Mode

ation Bar and Simulation Mode with the tabs on
 this bar. This bar also provides buttons
to Power Cycle Devices as well as the
Play Control buttons and the Event List
toggle button in Simulation Mode. Also,
it contains a clock that displays the
relative Time in Realtime Mode and
Simulation Mode.

7 Network This box is where you choose devices

Component Box and connections to put into the
workspace. It contains the Device-Type
Selection Box and the Device-Specific
Selection Box.

8 Device-Type This box contains the type of devices

Selection Box and connections available in Packet
Tracer. The Device-Specific Selection
Box will change depending on which
type of device you choose.

9 Device-Specific This box is where you choose specifically

Selection Box which devices you want to put in your
network and which connections to make.

1 User Created This window manages the packets you

0 Packet put in the network during simulation
Window* scenarios. See the "Simulation Mode"
section for more details.

* You can freely resize the User

Created Packet Window (UCPW) by
placing the cursor near the left
edge of the window (it will turn
into a "resize" cursor) and then
drag the cursor left or right. You
can hide the window from view by
dragging the edge all the way to
the right. When the UCPW is
hidden, you can bring it back by
placing the cursor on the edge
(notice when the resize cursor
appears) and then dragging the
edge back.

Workspaces and Modes

Packet Tracer has two workspaces (Logical and Physical)
and two modes (Realtime and Simulation). Upon startup,
you are in the Logical Workspace in Realtime Mode. You
can build your network and see it run in real time in this
configuration. You can switch to Simulation Mode to run
controlled networking scenarios. You can also switch to
the Physical Workspace to arrange the physical aspects
(such as the location) of your devices. Note that you view
a simulation while you are in the Physical Workspace. You
should return to the Logical Workspace after you are done
in the Physical Workspace.

Setting Preferences

You can customize your Packet Tracer experience by

setting your own preferences. From the Menu Bar, select
Options > Preferences (or simply press Ctrl + R) to view
the program settings.Under the Interface panel, you can
toggle the Animation, Sound, and Show Link Lights
settings to suit the performance of your system and your
preferences. You can also manage information clutter with
the Hide Device Label, Port Labels Always Shown, and
Don't show port labels when mouse over settings. Also,
you can also toggle Hide QoS Stamps on Packets shown in
Simulation Mode and Enable cable length effects. The
Logging feature allows the program to capture all Cisco
IOS commands that you enter and export them to a text
file (refer to the "Configuring Devices" page for more
information). The Simulation - Buffer Full Action feature
allows you to set the preferred action that Packet Tracer
will perform. You can set the action to Prompt if you want
to be prompted when the Simulation buffer is full. At the
prompt, you can either Clear Event List or View Previous
Events. Alternatively, you can set the action to either Auto
Clear Event List to allow Packet Tracer to automatically
clear the Event List when the buffer is full or you can set
the action to Auto View Previous Events to automatically
view the previous events. The Enable Screen Reader
Support accessibility feature reads out all the titles and
descriptions of the visible window that has the focus.
Lastly, you can also change the base language of the
program by choosing from the Languages list and then
pressing the Change Language button.
Under the Administrative panel, you can disable access to
a particular interface such as the Interface tab and the
Multiuser menu using the Interface Locking feature. In
order settings and configurations to apply globally for
every user on the machine, you need to click on the Write
button to save the PT.conf file to the Packet Tracer
installation folder. Optionally, you may change the User
Folder to a different location which is where your own
settings, configurations, save files, and device templates
are stored. Additionally, you can set a Password to
prevent others from tampering with these preferences.
Note that the password is case-sensitive.
Under the Hide panel, you can choose to hide or show the
Physical, Config, CLI, Desktop, GUI, HTML GUI, and HTML
tabs in the device edit dialog.
Under the Font panel, you can select different fonts and
font sizes for the Dialogs, Workspace/Activity Wizard, and
the General Interface.
Setting a User Profile

You can set your user profile for activity assessment and
Multiuser identification. From the Menu Bar, select
Options > User Profile to view the User Profile dialog. In
the User Profile dialog, you can enter your Name, E-Mail,
and any Additional Info about yourself that you may want
to share.

Algorithm Settings

The Algorithms Settings dialog allows the user to make

configurations that are otherwise not available in IOS. It
also allows tweaking of algorithm settings to make
visualization of certain algorithm/protocol behaviors more
easily viewable.

CBAC Half-Open Session Multiplier: If the number of half-

open CBAC sessions multiplied by this number exceeds the
configured max half-open session count, new sessions
would not be opened.

TCP Maximum Number of Connections: If the number of

connections in SYN-RECEIVED state exceeds this number,
any new connections would be rejected.
TCP Maximum Number of Opened Sessions: If the number
of connections exceeds this number, any new connections
would be rejected.

Switching Storm Control Multiplier: If the bandwidth

percentage of broadcast frames used multiplied by this
number exceeds the configured threshold, the broadcast
frame would be dropped.

Saving a PKZ

Packet Tracer allows you to save your topology (PKT) as

well as any custom device icons and backgrounds that you
applied to on the Logical Workspace and Physical
Workspace to a save file called a PKZ. A PKZ is able to
retain any external files you add in a single save file,
which allows for portability and compactness from
computer to computer. To create a PKZ, go to File > Save
as Pkz. Enter a file name for the PKZ and click on Save. In
the Pkz Select Files dialog, you will be able to add and
remove files that you want to save along with PKT. To add
a file, click on the Add button and browse to the file you
want to add then click Open. To remove a file, select the
file from the list then click Remove. Once you are done
adding and removing files, click OK to create the PKZ file.

Be sure to add all custom device

image icons and custom
backgrounds.

Devices and Modules

Packet Tracer supports a wide array of modules for

networking devices. To change a module in any device,
you must first turn off the power for that device. There is
a power switch available on the Physical page of any
device that can change modules. If the module slot is
filled you must drag the existing module out of the device
and over to the modules list and then release it. If you are
not in the correct place the module will return to the slot.
After removing the original module select and drag the
new module from the list of modules to directly over the
open slot. When the module appears in the open slot, turn
the power back on. Note, when you turn off switches or
routers and then turn them back on, they will load their
startup configuration files. If you do not save the running
configuration, it will be lost.

When the network contains routers

or switches, develop a habit of
saving their running configurations
to the startup configuration before
you press their power buttons (or
the Power Cycle Devices button).

Physical Configuration and Module List

When you click on a device in the workspace, you are first

presented with the Physical Device View of the selected
device. You will see an interactive photo on the main
panel and a list of compatible modules on the left. You can
interact with the device by pressing its power button,
adding a module by dragging it from the list into a
compatible bay, or removing a module by dragging it from
the bay back to the list. You can also zoom in and out of
the photo with the zoom controls. The pages in this
section show all of the Packet Tracer devices and their
supported modules. On these pages, you can click on the
thumbnail image of each device or module to view a larger
image.
Routers

Router: 1841

The Cisco 1841 Integrated Services Router provides two

fixed 10/100 (100BASE-TX) Ethernet ports, two integrated
High-Speed WAN Interface Card (HWIC) slots that are
compatible with WAN Interface Card (WICs) and
Voice/WAN Interface Cards (VWICs), and one internal
Advanced Integration Module (AIM) slot.

Module Thumbnails Description

Name

HWIC- The HWIC-4ESW provides four

4ESW switching ports.

HWIC-AP- The HWIC-AP-AG-B module is a

AG-B High-Speed WAN Interface
Card providing integrated
Access Point functionality in
the Cisco 1800 (Modular), Cisco
2800, and Cisco 3800
Integrated Services Routers. It
supports Single Band
802.11b/g or Dual Band
802.11a/b/g radios.

WIC-1AM The WIC-1AM card features

dual RJ-11 connectors, which
are used for basic telephone
service connections. The WIC-
1AM uses one port for
connection to a standard
telephone line, and the other
port can be connected to a
basic analog telephone for use
when the modem is idle.

WIC-1ENET The WIC-1ENET is a single-port

10 Mbps Ethernet interface
card, for use with 10BASE-T
Ethernet LANs.
WIC-1T The WIC-1T provides a single
port serial connection to
remote sites or legacy serial
network devices such as
Synchronous Data Link Control
(SDLC) concentrators, alarm
systems, and packet over
SONET (POS) devices.

WIC-2AM The WIC-2AM card features

dual RJ-11 connectors, which
are used for basic telephone
service connections. The WIC-
2AM has two modem ports to
allow multiple data
communication connections.

WIC-2T The 2-port

asynchronous/synchronous
serial network module provides
flexible multi-protocol support,
with each port individually
configurable in synchronous or
asynchronous mode, offering
mixed media dial support in a
single chassis. Applications for
asynchronous/synchronous
support include: low speed
WAN aggregation (up to 128
Kbps), dial-up modem support,
Async or Sync connections to
management ports of other
equipment, and transport of
legacy protocols such as Bi-
 sync and SDLC.

WIC-Cover The WIC cover plate provides

protection for the internal
electronic components. It also
helps maintain adequate
cooling by normalizing airflow.

Router: 2620XM

The Cisco 2620XM Multiservice Router provides a one-

network module slot platform with one fixed 10/100
(100BASE-TX) Ethernet port, two integrated WAN
Interface Card (WIC) slots, and one Advanced Integration
Module (AIM) slot.

Module Thumbnails Description

Name

NM-1E The NM-1E features a single

Ethernet port that can connect
a LAN backbone which can also
support either six PRI
connections to aggregate ISDN
lines, or 24
synchronous/asynchronous
ports.

NM-1E2W The NM-1E2W provides a single

Ethernet port with two WIC
slots that can support a single
 Ethernet LAN, together with
two serial/ISDN backhaul lines,
and still allow multiple serial or
ISDN in the same chassis.

NM-1FE-FX The NM-1FE-FX Module

provides one Fast-Ethernet
interface for use with fiber
media. Ideal for a wide range
of LAN applications, the Fast
Ethernet network modules
support many internetworking
features and standards. Single
port network modules offer
autosensing 10/100BaseTX or
100BaseFX Ethernet.

NM-1FE-TX The NM-1FE-TX Module

provides one Fast-Ethernet
interface for use with copper
media. Ideal for a wide range
of LAN applications, the Fast
Ethernet network modules
support many internetworking
features and standards. Single
port network modules offer
autosensing 10/100BaseTX or
100BaseFX Ethernet. The TX
(copper) version supports
virtual LAN (VLAN) deployment.

NM-1FE2W The NM-1FE2W Module

provides one Fast-Ethernet
interface for use with copper
media, in addition to two Wan
 Interface Card expansion slots.
Ideal for a wide range of LAN
applications, the Fast Ethernet
network modules support many
internetworking features and
standards. Single port network
modules offer autosensing
10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX
Ethernet. The TX (copper)
version supports virtual LAN
(VLAN) deployment.

NM-2E2W The NM-2E2W provides two

Ethernet ports with two WIC
slots that can support two
Ethernet LANs, together with
two serial/ISDN backhaul lines,
and still allow multiple serial or
ISDN in the same chassis.

NM-2FE2W The NM-2FE2W Module

provides two Fast-Ethernet
interfaces for use with copper
media, in addition to two Wan
Interface Card expansion slots.
Ideal for a wide range of LAN
applications, the Fast Ethernet
network modules support many
internetworking features and
standards.

NM-2W The NM-2W Module provides

two WAN Interface Card
expansion slots. It can be used
with a broad range of interface
 cards, supporting a diverse
array of physical media and
network protocols.

NM-4A/S The 4-port

asynchronous/synchronous
serial network module provides
flexible multi-protocol support,
with each port individually
configurable in synchronous or
asynchronous mode, offering
mixed-media dial support in a
single chassis. Applications for
Asynchronous/Synchronous
support include: Low speed
WAN aggregation (up to 128
Kbps), dial-up modem support,
Async or Sync connections to
management ports of other
equipment, and transport of
legacy protocols such as Bi-
sync and SDLC.

NM-4E The NM-4E features four

Ethernet ports for
multifunction solutions that
require higher-density Ethernet
than the mixed-media network
modules.

NM-8A/S The 8-port

asynchronous/synchronous
serial network module provides
flexible multi-protocol support,
with each port individually
 configurable in synchronous or
asynchronous mode, offering
mixed-media dial support in a
single chassis. Applications for
Asynchronous/Synchronous
support include: Low speed
WAN aggregation (up to 128
Kbps), dial-up modem support,
Async or Sync connections to
management ports of other
equipment, and transport of
legacy protocols such as Bi-
sync and SDLC.

NM-8AM The NM-8AM Integrated V.92

analog modem network module
provides cost-effective analog
telephone service connectivity
for lower-density remote-
access service (RAS), dial-out
and fax-out modem access,
asynchronous dial-on-demand
routing (DDR) plus dial backup,
and remote router
management. Both the 8-port
and 16-port versions use RJ-11
jacks to connect the integrated
modems to basic analog
telephone lines on the public
switched telephone network
(PSTN) or private telephony
systems.

NM-Cover The NM cover plate provides

protection for the internal
 electronic components. It also
helps maintain adequate
cooling by normalizing airflow.

WIC-1AM The WIC-1AM card features

dual RJ-11 connectors, which
are used for basic telephone
service connections. The WIC-
1AM uses one port for
connection to a standard
telephone line, and the other
port can be connected to a
basic analog telephone for use
when the modem is idle.

WIC-1T The WIC-1T provides a single

port serial connection to
remote sites or legacy serial
network devices such as
Synchronous Data Link Control
(SDLC) concentrators, alarm
systems, and packet over
SONET (POS) devices.

WIC-2AM The WIC-2AM card features

dual RJ-11 connectors, which
are used for basic telephone
service connections. The WIC-
2AM has two modem ports to
allow multiple data
communication connections.

WIC-2T The 2-port

asynchronous/synchronous
serial network module provides
flexible multi-protocol support,
 with each port individually
configurable in synchronous or
asynchronous mode, offering
mixed media dial support in a
single chassis. Applications for
asynchronous/synchronous
support include: low speed
WAN aggregation (up to 128
Kbps), dial-up modem support,
Async or Sync connections to
management ports of other
equipment, and transport of
legacy protocols such as Bi-
sync and SDLC.

WIC-Cover The WIC cover plate provides

protection for the internal
electronic components. It also
helps maintain adequate
cooling by normalizing airflow.

Router: 2621XM

The Cisco 2621XM Multiservice Router provides a one-

network module slot platform with two fixed 10/100
(100BASE-TX) Ethernet ports, two integrated WAN
Interface Card (WIC) slots, and one Advanced Integration
Module (AIM) slot.
The 2621XM supports the same modules that the 2620XM
supports.

Router: 2811

The Cisco 2811 Integrated Services Router provides one

Enhanced Network-Module slot with two fixed 10/100
(100BASE-TX) Ethernet ports, four integrated High-Speed
WAN Interface Card (HWIC) slots that are compatible with
WAN Interface Card (WICs), Voice Interface Cards (VICs)
and Voice/WAN Interface Cards (VWICs), and dual
Advanced Integration Module (AIM) slots.

Module Thumbnails Description

Name

NM-1E The NM-1E features a single

Ethernet port that can connect
a LAN backbone which can also
support either six PRI
connections to aggregate ISDN
lines, or 24
synchronous/asynchronous
ports.

NM-1E2W The NM-1E2W provides a single

Ethernet port with two WIC
slots that can support a single
Ethernet LAN, together with
 two serial/ISDN backhaul lines,
and still allow multiple serial or
ISDN in the same chassis.

NM-1FE-FX The NM-1FE-FX Module

provides one Fast-Ethernet
interface for use with fiber
media. Ideal for a wide range
of LAN applications, the Fast
Ethernet network modules
support many internetworking
features and standards. Single
port network modules offer
autosensing 10/100BaseTX or
100BaseFX Ethernet.

NM-1FE-TX The NM-1FE-TX Module

provides one Fast-Ethernet
interface for use with copper
media. Ideal for a wide range
of LAN applications, the Fast
Ethernet network modules
support many internetworking
features and standards. Single
port network modules offer
autosensing 10/100BaseTX or
100BaseFX Ethernet. The TX
(copper) version supports
virtual LAN (VLAN)
deployment.

NM-1FE2W The NM-1FE2W Module

provides one Fast-Ethernet
interface for use with copper
media, in addition to two Wan
 Interface Card expansion slots.
Ideal for a wide range of LAN
applications, the Fast Ethernet
network modules support many
internetworking features and
standards. Single port network
modules offer autosensing
10/100BaseTX or 100BaseFX
Ethernet. The TX (copper)
version supports virtual LAN
(VLAN) deployment.

NM-2E2W The NM-2E2W provides two

Ethernet ports with two WIC
slots that can support two
Ethernet LANs, together with
two serial/ISDN backhaul lines,
and still allow multiple serial or
ISDN in the same chassis.

NM-2FE2W The NM-2FE2W Module

provides two Fast-Ethernet
interfaces for use with copper
media, in addition to two Wan
Interface Card expansion slots.
Ideal for a wide range of LAN
applications, the Fast Ethernet
network modules support many
internetworking features and
standards.

NM-2W The NM-2W Module provides

two WAN Interface Card
expansion slots. It can be used
with a broad range of interface
 cards, supporting a diverse
array of physical media and
network protocols.

NM-4A/S The 4-port

asynchronous/synchronous
serial network module provides
flexible multi-protocol support,
with each port individually
configurable in synchronous or
asynchronous mode, offering
mixed-media dial support in a
single chassis. Applications for
Asynchronous/Synchronous
support include: Low speed
WAN aggregation (up to 128
Kbps), dial-up modem support,
Async or Sync connections to
management ports of other
equipment, and transport of
legacy protocols such as Bi-
sync and SDLC.

NM-4E The NM-4E features four

Ethernet ports for
multifunction solutions that
require higher-density
Ethernet than the mixed-media
network modules.

NM-8A/S The 8-port

asynchronous/synchronous
serial network module provides
flexible multi-protocol support,
with each port individually
 configurable in synchronous or
asynchronous mode, offering
mixed-media dial support in a
single chassis. Applications for
Asynchronous/Synchronous
support include: Low speed
WAN aggregation (up to 128
Kbps), dial-up modem support,
Async or Sync connections to
management ports of other
equipment, and transport of
legacy protocols such as Bi-
sync and SDLC.

NM-8AM The NM-8AM Integrated V.92

analog modem network module
provides cost-effective analog
telephone service connectivity
for lower-density remote-
access service (RAS), dial-out
and fax-out modem access,
asynchronous dial-on-demand
routing (DDR) plus dial backup,
and remote router
management. Both the 8-port
and 16-port versions use RJ-11
jacks to connect the integrated
modems to basic analog
telephone lines on the public
switched telephone network
(PSTN) or private telephony
systems.

NM-Cover The NM cover plate provides

protection for the internal
 electronic components. It also
helps maintain adequate
cooling by normalizing airflow.

NM-ESW- The NM-ESW-161 provides 16

161 switching ports.

HWIC- The HWIC-4ESW provides four

4ESW switching ports.

HWIC-AP- The HWIC-AP-AG-B module is a

AG-B High-Speed WAN Interface
Card providing integrated
Access Point functionality in
the Cisco 1800 (Modular), Cisco
2800, and Cisco 3800
Integrated Services Routers. It
supports Single Band
802.11b/g or Dual Band
802.11a/b/g radios.

WIC-1AM The WIC-1AM card features

dual RJ-11 connectors, which
are used for basic telephone
service connections. The WIC-
1AM uses one port for
connection to a standard
telephone line, and the other
port can be connected to a
basic analog telephone for use
when the modem is idle.

WIC-1ENET The WIC-1ENET is a single-port

10 Mbps Ethernet interface
card, for use with 10BASE-T
 Ethernet LANs.

WIC-1T The WIC-1T provides a single

port serial connection to
remote sites or legacy serial
network devices such as
Synchronous Data Link Control
(SDLC) concentrators, alarm
systems, and packet over
SONET (POS) devices.

WIC-2AM The WIC-2AM card features

dual RJ-11 connectors, which
are used for basic telephone
service connections. The WIC-
2AM has two modem ports to
allow multiple data
communication connections.

WIC-2T The 2-port

asynchronous/synchronous
serial network module provides
flexible multi-protocol support,
with each port individually
configurable in synchronous or
asynchronous mode, offering
mixed media dial support in a
single chassis. Applications for
asynchronous/synchronous
support include: low speed
WAN aggregation (up to 128
Kbps), dial-up modem support,
Async or Sync connections to
management ports of other
equipment, and transport of
 legacy protocols such as Bi-
sync and SDLC.

WIC-Cover The WIC cover plate provides

protection for the internal
electronic components. It also
helps maintain adequate
cooling by normalizing airflow.

Router: Router-PT

The Router-PT generic router provides ten slots, one

console port, and one auxiliary port.

Module Name Thumbnail Description

PT-ROUTER-NM- The PT-ROUTER-NM-1AM

1AM card features dual RJ-11
connectors, which are
used for basic telephone
service connections. The
WIC-1AM uses one port
for connection to a
standard telephone line,
and the other port can be
connected to a basic
analog telephone for use
when the modem is idle.

PT-ROUTER-NM- The PT-ROUTER-NM-1CE

1CE features a single Ethernet
port that can connect a
 LAN backbone which can
also support either six PRI
connections to aggregate
ISDN lines, or 24
synchronous/asynchronou
s ports.

PT-ROUTER-NM- The PT-ROUTER-NM-1CFE

1CFE Module provides one Fast-
Ethernet interface for use
with copper media. Ideal
for a wide range of LAN
applications, the Fast
Ethernet network modules
support many
internetworking features
and standards. Single port
network modules offer
autosensing
10/100BaseTX or
100BaseFX Ethernet. The
TX (copper) version
supports virtual LAN
(VLAN) deployment.

PT-ROUTER-NM- The single-port Cisco

1CGE Gigabit Ethernet Network
Module (part number PT-
ROUTER-NM-1CGE)
provides Gigabit Ethernet
copper connectivity for
access routers. The
module is supported by
the Cisco 2691, Cisco
3660, Cisco 3725, and
 Cisco 3745 series routers.
This network module has
one gigabit interface
converter (GBIC) slot to
carry any standard copper
or optical Cisco GBIC.

PT-ROUTER-NM- The PT-ROUTER-NM-1FFE

1FFE Module provides one Fast-
Ethernet interface for use
with fiber media. Ideal for
a wide range of LAN
applications, the Fast
Ethernet network modules
support many
internetworking features
and standards. Single port
network modules offer
autosensing
10/100BaseTX or
100BaseFX Ethernet.

PT-ROUTER-NM- The single-port Cisco

1FGE Gigabit Ethernet Network
Module (part number PT-
ROUTER-NM-1FGE)
provides Gigabit Ethernet
copper connectivity for
access routers. The
module is supported by
the Cisco 2691, Cisco
3660, Cisco 3725, and
Cisco 3745 series routers.
This network module has
one gigabit interface
 converter (GBIC) slot to
carry any standard copper
or optical Cisco GBIC.

PT-ROUTER-NM- The PT-ROUTER-NM-1S

1S provides a single port
serial connection to
remote sites or legacy
serial network devices
such as Synchronous Data
Link Control (SDLC)
concentrators, alarm
systems, and packet over
SONET (POS) devices.

PT-ROUTER-NM- The 2-port

1SS asynchronous/synchronou
s serial network module
provides flexible multi-
protocol support, with
each port individually
configurable in
synchronous or
asynchronous mode,
offering mixed media dial
support in a single
chassis. Applications for
asynchronous/synchronou
s support include: low
speed WAN aggregation
(up to 128 Kbps), dial-up
modem support, Async or
Sync connections to
management ports of
other equipment, and
 transport of legacy
protocols such as Bi-sync
and SDLC.

Switches

Switch: 2950-24

The Cisco Catalyst 2950-24 is a member of the Cisco

Catalyst 2950 series switch family. It is a standalone,
fixed-configuration, managed 10/100 switch providing
user connectivity for small- to mid-sized networks.

It does not support add-in modules.

Switch: 2950T-24

The Cisco Catalyst 2950T-24 is a member of the Catalyst

2950 Series Intelligent Ethernet Switch family. It is a
fixed-configuration, standalone switch that provides wire-
speed Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet connectivity for
mid-sized networks.

It does not support add-in modules.

Switch: 2960-24TT
The Cisco Catalyst 2960-24TT is a member of the Catalyst
2960 Series Intelligent Ethernet Switch family. It is a
fixed-configuration, standalone switch that provides wire-
speed Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet connectivity for
mid-sized networks.

It does not support add-in modules.

Switch: Switch-PT

The Switch-PT generic switch provides ten slots, one

console port, and one auxiliary port.

PT-SWITCH-NM- The PT-SWITCH-NM-1CE

1CE features a single Ethernet
port that can connect a
LAN backbone which can
also support either six PRI
connections to aggregate
ISDN lines, or 24
synchronous/asynchronou
s ports.

PT-SWITCH-NM- The PT-SWITCH-NM-1CFE

1CFE Module provides one Fast-
Ethernet interface for use
with copper media. Ideal
for a wide range of LAN
 applications, the Fast
Ethernet network modules
support many
internetworking features
and standards. Single port
network modules offer
autosensing
10/100BaseTX or
100BaseFX Ethernet. The
TX (copper) version
supports virtual LAN
(VLAN) deployment.

PT-SWITCH-NM- The single-port Cisco

1CGE Gigabit Ethernet Network
Module (part number PT-
SWITCH-NM-1CGE)
provides Gigabit Ethernet
copper connectivity for
access routers. The
module is supported by
the Cisco 2691, Cisco
3660, Cisco 3725, and
Cisco 3745 series routers.
This network module has
one gigabit interface
converter (GBIC) slot to
carry any standard copper
or optical Cisco GBIC.

PT-SWITCH-NM- The PT-SWITCH-NM-1FFE

1FFE Module provides one Fast-
Ethernet interface for use
with fiber media. Ideal for
a wide range of LAN
 applications, the Fast
Ethernet network modules
support many
internetworking features
and standards. Single port
network modules offer
autosensing
10/100BaseTX or
100BaseFX Ethernet.

PT-SWITCH-NM- The single-port Cisco

1FGE Gigabit Ethernet Network
Module (part number PT-
SWITCH-NM-1FGE)
provides Gigabit Ethernet
optical connectivity for
access routers. The
module is supported by
the Cisco 2691, Cisco
3660, Cisco 3725, and
Cisco 3745 series routers.
This network module has
one gigabit interface
converter (GBIC) slot to
carry any standard copper
or optical Cisco GBIC.

Switch: 3560-24PS
The Cisco Catalyst 3560-24PS is a member of the Catalyst
3560 Series Intelligent Ethernet Switch family. It is a
fixed-configuration, standalone switch that provides wire-
speed Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet connectivity for
mid-sized networks.

It does not support add-in modules.

Bridge-PT

This bridge provides two slots.

The bridge supports the same modules that the Switch-PT

supports.

End Devices

All images on this page are

thumbnails in which you can click
to bring up a larger image.

PC-PT
The PC-PT provides a console port and one slot.

Module Name Thumbnail Description

Linksys- The Linksys-WMP300N

WMP300N module provides one
2.4GHz wireless interface
suitable for connection to
wireless networks. The
module supports protocols
that use Ethernet for LAN
access.

PC-HOST-NM- The PT-HOST-NM-1AM card

1AM features dual RJ-11
connectors, which are used
for basic telephone service
connection. The WIC-1AM
uses one port for
connection to a standard
telephone line, and the
other port can be connected
to a basic analog telephone
for use when the modem is
idle.
PC-HOST-NM- The PT-HOST-NM-1CE
1CE features a single Ethernet
port that can connect a LAN
backbone which can also
support either six PRI
connections to aggregate
ISDN lines, or 24
synchronous/asynchronous
ports.

PC-HOST-NM- The PT-HOST-NM-1CFE

1CFE Module provides 1 Fast-
Ethernet interface for use
with copper media. Ideal for
a wide range of LAN
applications, the Fast
Ethernet network modules
support many
internetworking features
and standards. Single port
network modules offer
autosensing 10/100BaseTX
or 100BaseFX Ethernet. The
TX (copper) version
supports virtual LAN (VLAN)
deployment.

PC-HOST-NM- The single-port Cisco

1CGE Gigabit Ethernet Network
Module (part number PT-
HOST-NM-1CGE) provides
Gigabit Ethernet copper
connectivity for access
routers. The module is
supported by the Cisco
 2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco
3725, and Cisco 3745 series
routers. This network
module has one gigabit
interface converter (GBIC)
slot to carry any standard
copper or optical Cisco
GBIC.

PC-HOST-NM- The PT-HOST-NM-1FFE

1FFE Module provides 1 Fast-
Ethernet interface for use
with fiber media. Ideal for a
wide range of LAN
applications, the Fast
Ethernet network modules
support many
internetworking features
and standards. Single port
network modules offer
autosensing 10/100BaseTX
or 100BaseFX Ethernet.

PC-HOST-NM- The single-port Cisco

1FGE Gigabit Ethernet Network
Module (part number PT-
HOST-NM-1FGE) provides
Gigabit Ethernet optical
connectivity for access
routers. The module is
supported by the Cisco
2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco
3725, and Cisco 3745 series
routers. This network
module has one gigabit
 interface converter (GBIC)
slot to carry any standard
copper or optical Cisco
GBIC.

PC-HOST-NM- The PT-HOST-NM-1W

1W module provides one
2.4GHz wireless interface
suitable for connection to
wireless networks. The
module supports protocols
that use Ethernet for LAN
access.

PC-HOST-NM- The PT-HOST-NM-1W-A

1W-A module provides one 5GHz
wireless interface suitable
for connection to wireless
802.11a networks. The
module supports protocols
that use Ethernet for LAN
access.

Laptop-PT

The Laptop-PT provides a console port and one slot.

Module Name Thumbnail Description

Linksys- The Linksys-WPC300N
WMP300N module provides one
2.4GHz wireless interface
suitable for connection to
wireless networks. The
module supports
protocols that use
Ethernet for LAN access.

PC-LAPTOP-NM- The PT-LAPTOP-NM-1AM

1AM card features dual RJ-11
connectors, which are
used for basic telephone
service connections. The
WIC-1AM uses one port
for connection to a
standard telephone line,
and the other port can be
connected to a basic
analog telephone for use
when the modem is idle.

PC-LAPTOP-NM- The PT-LAPTOP-NM-1CE

1CE features a single Ethernet
port that can connect a
LAN backbone which can
also support either six PRI
connections to aggregate
ISDN lines, or 24
synchronous/asynchronou
s ports.

PC-LAPTOP-NM- The PT-LAPTOP-NM-1CFE

1CFE Module provides one Fast-
Ethernet interface for use
 with copper media. Ideal
for a wide range of LAN
applications, the Fast
Ethernet network modules
support many
internetworking features
and standards. Single
port network modules
offer autosensing
10/100BaseTX or
100BaseFX Ethernet. The
TX (copper) version
supports virtual LAN
(VLAN) deployment.

PC-LAPTOP-NM- The single-port Cisco

1CGE Gigabit Ethernet Network
Module (part number PT-
LAPTOP-NM-1CGE)
provides Gigabit Ethernet
copper connectivity for
access routers. The
module is supported by
the Cisco 2691, Cisco
3660, Cisco 3725, and
Cisco 3745 series routers.
This network module has
one gigabit interface
converter (GBIC) slot to
carry any standard copper
or optical Cisco GBIC.

PC-LAPTOP-NM- The PT-LAPTOP-NM-1FFE

1FFE Module provides one Fast-
Ethernet interface for use
 with fiber media. Ideal for
a wide range of LAN
applications, the Fast
Ethernet network modules
support many
internetworking features
and standards. Single
port network modules
offer autosensing
10/100BaseTX or
100BaseFX Ethernet.

PC-LAPTOP-NM- The single-port Cisco

1FGE Gigabit Ethernet Network
Module (part number PT-
LAPTOP-NM-1FGE)
provides Gigabit Ethernet
optical connectivity for
access routers. The
module is supported by
the Cisco 2691, Cisco
3660, Cisco 3725, and
Cisco 3745 series routers.
This network module has
one gigabit interface
converter (GBIC) slot to
carry any standard copper
or optical Cisco GBIC.

PC-LAPTOP-NM- The PT-LAPTOP-NM-1W

1W module provides one
2.4GHz wireless interface
suitable for connection to
wireless networks. The
module supports
 protocols that use
Ethernet for LAN access.

PC-LAPTOP-NM- The PT-LAPTOP-NM-1W-A

1W-A module provides one
5GHz wireless interface
suitable for connection to
wireless 802.11a
networks. The module
supports protocols that
use Ethernet for LAN
access.

Server-PT

The Server-PT provides one slot.

The Server-PT supports the same modules as the PC-PT

except for the PC-HOST-NM-1AM module.

Printer-PT
The Printer-PT provides one slot.

The Printer-PT supports the same modules as the PC-PT

except for the PC-HOST-NM-1AM module.

7960

The 7960 IP Phone only provides a port for the power

adapter.

Module Name Thumbnail Descriptio

n

IP_PHONE_POWER_AD The Cisco

APTER VoIP power
adapter.

Home-VoIP-PT

The Home-VoIP-PT does not support modules.

Analog-Phone-PT
The Analog-Phone-PT does not support modules.

TV-PT

The TV-PT does not support modules.

TabletPC-PT

The TabletPC-PT does not support modules. However, it

has a built-in Wireless interface.
PDA-PT

The PDA-PT does not support modules. However, it has a

built-in Wireless interface.

WirelessEndDevice-PT

The WirelessEndDevice-PT does not support modules.

However, it has a built-in Wireless interface.

WiredDevice-PT

The WiredDevice-PT does not support modules. However,

it has a built-in FastEthernet interface.

Other Devices

All images on this page are

thumbnails on which you can click
to bring up a larger image.

Hub-PT

The Hub-PT provides ten slots.

Module Name Thumbnail Description

PT-REPEATER- The PT-REPEATER-NM-

NM-1CE 1CE features a single
Ethernet port that can
connect a LAN backbone
which can also support
either six PRI
connections to
aggregate ISDN lines, or
24
synchronous/asynchrono
us ports.

PT-REPEATER- The PT-REPEATER-NM-

NM-1CFE 1CFE Module provides
one Fast-Ethernet
interface for use with
copper media. Ideal for a
wide range of LAN
applications, the Fast
Ethernet network
modules support many
internetworking features
 and standards. Single
port network modules
offer autosensing
10/100BaseTX or
100BaseFX Ethernet.
The TX (copper) version
supports virtual LAN
(VLAN) deployment.

PT-REPEATER- The PT-REPEATER-NM-

NM-1CGE 1CFE Module provides
one Fast-Ethernet
interface for use with
copper media. Ideal for a
wide range of LAN
applications, the Fast
Ethernet network
modules support many
internetworking features
and standards. Single
port network modules
offer autosensing
10/100BaseTX or
100BaseFX Ethernet.
The TX (copper) version
supports virtual LAN
(VLAN) deployment.

PT-REPEATER- The PT-REPEATER-NM-

NM-1FFE 1FFE Module provides
one Fast-Ethernet
interface for use with
fiber media. Ideal for a
wide range of LAN
applications, the Fast
 Ethernet network
modules support many
internetworking features
and standards. Single
port network modules
offer autosensing
10/100BaseTX or
100BaseFX Ethernet.

PT-REPEATER- The single-port Cisco

NM-1FGE Gigabit Ethernet
Network Module (part
number PT-REPEATER-
NM-1FGE) provides
Gigabit Ethernet optical
connectivity for access
routers. The module is
supported by the Cisco
2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco
3725, and Cisco 3745
series routers. This
network module has one
gigabit interface
converter (GBIC) slot to
carry any standard
copper or optical Cisco
GBIC.

Repeater-PT

The Repeater-PT provides two slots.

The Repeater-PT supports the same modules that the Hub-
PT supports.

CoAxialSplitter-PT

The CoAxialSplitter-PT does not support modules.

AccessPoint-PT

The AccessPoint-PT has a built-in antenna and provides

one slot.

The AccessPoint-PT supports the same modules that the

Hub-PT supports.

AccessPoint-PT-A

The AccessPoint-PT-A has a built-in antenna and provides

one slot.

The AccessPoint-PT-A supports the same modules that the

Hub-PT supports.
AccessPoint-PT-N

The AccessPoint-PT-N has a built-in antenna and provides

one slot.

The AccessPoint-PT-N supports the same modules that the

Hub-PT supports.

Linksys-WRT300N

The Linksys-WRT300N wireless router has a built-in

antenna and provides four fixed 10/100 (100BASE-TX)
Ethernet ports and one fixed Internet port (also 100BASE-
TX, typically for connection to cable and DSL modems).

The Linksys-WRT300N wireless router does not support

modules.

Cloud-PT
Although a cloud is not a single device, Packet Tracer
gives you access to a representation of a cloud. It
provides ten slots, a console port, and an auxiliary port.

Device Name Thumbnail Description

PT-CLOUD-NM- The PT-CLOUD-NM-1AM

1AM card features dual RJ-11
connectors, which are used
for basic telephone service
connections. The WIC-1AM
uses one port for
connection to a standard
telephone line, and the
other port can be
connected to a basic
analog telephone for use
when the modem is idle.

PT-CLOUD-NM- The PT-CLOUD-NM-1CE

1CE features a single Ethernet
port that can connect a
LAN backbone which can
also support either six PRI
connections to aggregate
ISDN lines, or 24
synchronous/asynchronous
ports.

PT-CLOUD-NM- The PT-CLOUD-NM-1CFE

1CFE Module provides one Fast-
Ethernet interface for use
 with copper media. Ideal
for a wide range of LAN
applications, the Fast
Ethernet network modules
support many
internetworking features
and standards. Single port
network modules offer
autosensing 10/100BaseTX
or 100BaseFX Ethernet.
The TX (copper) version
supports virtual LAN
(VLAN) deployment.

PT-CLOUD-NM- The single-port Cisco

1CGE Gigabit Ethernet Network
Module (part number PT-
CLOUD-NM-1CGE) provides
Gigabit Ethernet copper
connectivity for access
routers. The module is
supported by the Cisco
2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco
3725, and Cisco 3745
series routers. This
network module has one
gigabit interface converter
(GBIC) slot to carry any
standard copper or optical
Cisco GBIC.

PT-CLOUD-NM- The PT-CLOUD-NM-1CX

1CX card features a single
coaxial connector, which is
used for a cable modem
 service connection.

PT-CLOUD-NM- The PT-CLOUD-NM-1FFE

1FFE Module provides one Fast-
Ethernet interface for use
with fiber media. Ideal for
a wide range of LAN
applications, the Fast
Ethernet network modules
support many
internetworking features
and standards. Single port
network modules offer
autosensing 10/100BaseTX
or 100BaseFX Ethernet.

PT-CLOUD-NM- The single-port Cisco

1FGE Gigabit Ethernet Network
Module (part number PT-
CLOUD-NM-1FGE) provides
Gigabit Ethernet optical
connectivity for access
routers. The module is
supported by the Cisco
2691, Cisco 3660, Cisco
3725, and Cisco 3745
series routers. This
network module has one
gigabit interface converter
(GBIC) slot to carry any
standard copper or optical
Cisco GBIC.

PT-CLOUD-NM- The PT-CLOUD-NM-1S

1S provides a single port
 serial connection to remote
sites or legacy serial
network devices such as
Synchronous Data Link
Control (SDLC)
concentrators, alarm
systems, and packet over
SONET (POS) devices.

DSL-Modem-PT

The DSL-Modem-PT provides one slot.

Device Name Thumbnail Description

PT-MODEM-NM- The PT-MODEM-NM-1CE

1CE features a single Ethernet
port that can connect a
LAN backbone which can
also support either six PRI
connections to aggregate
ISDN lines, or 24
synchronous/asynchronou
s ports.

PT-MODEM-NM- The PT-MODEM-NM-1CFE

1CFE Module provides one
Fast-Ethernet interface
for use with copper
media. Ideal for a wide
range of LAN applications,
 the Fast Ethernet network
modules support many
internetworking features
and standards. Single
port network modules
offer autosensing
10/100BaseTX or
100BaseFX Ethernet. The
TX (copper) version
supports virtual LAN
(VLAN) deployment.

PT-MODEM-NM- The single-port Cisco

1CGE Gigabit Ethernet Network
Module (part number PT-
MODEM-NM-1CGE)
provides Gigabit Ethernet
copper connectivity for
access routers. The
module is supported by
the Cisco 2691, Cisco
3660, Cisco 3725, and
Cisco 3745 series routers.
This network module has
one gigabit interface
converter (GBIC) slot to
carry any standard copper
or optical Cisco GBIC.

Cable-Modem-PT
The Cable-Modem-PT provides one slot.

The Cable-Modem-PT supports the same modules that the

DSL-Modem-PT supports.

5 .Collision domain and Broadcast domain

Collision domain

A collision domain is a physical network segment where

data packets can collide with one another when being sent
on a shared medium, in particular, when using the
Ethernet networking protocol. A network collision occurs
when more than one device attempts to send a packet on
a network segment at the same time. Collisions are
resolved using carrier sense multiple access or a variant
thereof in which the competing packets are discarded and
re-sent one at a time. This becomes a source of
inefficiency in the network.

This situation is typically found in a hub environment

where each host segment connects to a hub that
represents only one collision domain and only one
broadcast domain. Collision domains are also found in
wireless networking such as Wi-Fi. Only one device in the
collision domain may transmit at any one time, and the
other devices in the domain listen to the network in order
to avoid data collisions. Because only one device may be
transmitting at any one time, total network bandwidth is
shared among all devices. Collisions also decrease
network efficiency on a collision domain; if two devices
transmit simultaneously, a collision occurs, and both
devices must retransmit at a later time.

To relieve the network of collision domains, it is

recommended to use a network switch which increases
the number of collision domains, but decreases each
 collision domain's size. This is because each
port on a switch is its own collision domain.

Broadcast domain A broadcast domain is a

logical division of a computer network in
which all nodes can reach

each other by broadcast at the

data link layer. A broadcast domain can be within the
same LAN segment or it can be bridged to other LAN
segments.

In terms of current popular technologies: Any computer

connected to the same Ethernet repeater or switch is a
member of the same broadcast domain. Further, any
computer connected to the same set of inter-connected
switches/repeaters is a member of the same broadcast
domain. Routers and other higher-layer devices form
boundaries between broadcast domains.

Difference Between collision domain And Broadcast

domain

• Collision domain is a logical area where the

packets/frames get collied each other in a CSMA/CD
ether network. All the hosts in that area trying to grab
the access of the network/carrier to send out its data.
In the case of Hub all the ports/host are in the same
collision domain, means that only on host can able to
send the data. But in the case of switch each port in the
switch has seperate collision domain as it has the
intelligence upto
MAC layer. Broadcast domain is logical area, where the
brocast packets are heard by the hosts.
 In the case of Hub and all the ports/host are in the same
broadcast domain.
• When a broad cast packet is generated in a network it is
forwarded to all the prots of a switch or hub because
broad cast packets have no IP addres. Therefore switch
or hub run under one broadcast domain.
When two hosts access the network at the same time
(Suppose the entire network is free and PC1 and PC5
are accessing the ntwork at the same time) a collision
occurs. In case of hub it run under one collision domain
because it is a physical star topolgy device but working
as bus but in case of switch, it tries prot to prot link
there fore each port of a switch is a collision domain i.e.
no of ports = no. of collision domain.
Routers don't support broadcast and broadcast packets
are dropped by router

6. TO ESTABLISH A CONNECTION BETWEEN TWO DEVICES

USING A ROUTER
• Place two 2620xm routers and two
devices to create the network.

• Switch off Router0 and add the WIC-2T

module then switch on the power. Do
the same with Router1.

• Cable connections are made as follows:

• Connect each router to a device using

Cu cross over cable for connecting the
fast Ethernet port and connect console
to RS232 using console wire.
 • Connect the two routers at the serial
port s0/0 using Serial DCE cable.

• Provide IP address to the two devices.

• Once the IP addresses have been provided configure
the routers.
• Similarly configure the second router however the
clock rate need not be provided again.

• The green dots at the connections indicate the correct

coding and that the systems are ready to share data.
• Go to one of system’s desktop-command prompt.
Write the following command

ping 20.0.0.2

where 20.0.0.2 is IP address of other system .

Correct reply ensures proper connection.

7.List of Switch and Router Commands

Router Commands

1. Usermode commands
2. Privilegemode commands
3. Global configuration mode commands
4. Interface subconfiguration mode commands
5. Line subconfiguration mode commands
6. Subnterface subconfiguration mode commands
7. IP routing protocol subconfiguration mode commands
Switch supported commands

1. Usermode commands
2. Privilegemode commands
3. Global configuration mode commands
4. Interface subconfiguration mode commands
5. Line subconfiguration mode commands
6. Van mode commands
7. Workstation commands