Research Topic task started on Tue Nov 29, 2011 at 2:25 PM

5 Research Topic candidates were identified in CAPLUS and MEDLINE.

using the phrase "gold nanoparticles of GUM"

Selected 1 of 5 candidate topics.

26 references were found containing the two concepts "gold nanoparticles" and
"GUM" closely associated with one another.

Copyrights:

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Mizrachi I., Lipman D.J., Ostell J., Rapp B.A., Wheeler D.L. Genbank. Nucl. Acids
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Reserved.

Bibliographic Information

Colloidal Synthesis and Nanocharacterization of Engineered Noble Metal

Nanoparticles. Onubogu, Kenechukwu; Medina-Ramirez, Iliana; Bashir, Sajid;
Luo, Zhiping; Liu, Jingbo. a Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-
Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA. International Journal of Green Nanotechnology
(2011), 3(2), 140-151. Publisher: Taylor & Francis, Inc., CODEN: IJGNEM ISSN:
1943-0892. Journal; Online Computer File written in English. AN 2011:1440199
CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))
Abstract

Engineered noble (silver [Ag], gold [Au], and platinum [Pt]) metallic nanoparticles
(ENPs) were prepd. in gum arabic solns. using a facile, economical, and nontoxic
synthetic route. Advanced instrumentation techniques (UV-visible spectroscopy, X-
ray powder diffraction, high-resoln. transmission electron microscopy equipped with
X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering) were applied to
characterize the morphol., particle size distribution, elemental compn., and
electrokinetics behavior of the ENPs. The anal. results of morphol. and elemental
compn. suggest a size-controlled growth mechanism that yields monodispersed
metallic particles (3.5-10.2 nm in diam.), indicating that the nanostructured products
were highly cryst. and monodispersed. Zeta potential data confirmed that stable
ENPs can be produced using a green chem. approach. The ENPs displayed excellent
stability as measured by zeta potential from -55 to -35 mV over a 2-yr period.

Bibliographic Information

Preparation and Characterization of Gold Nanoparticles with Different

Capping Agents. Kumar, S. Vijaya; Ganesan, S. a Department of Physics, Sri
Ramakrishna Institute of Technology , Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. International
Journal of Green Nanotechnology (2011), 3(1), 47-55. Publisher: Taylor & Francis,
Inc., CODEN: IJGNEM ISSN: 1943-0892. Journal; Online Computer File written in
English. AN 2011:1440146 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

Biocompatible gold nanoparticles have gained considerable attention in recent years

for potential applications in bio-diagnostics, gas sensing, catalysis, and nanomedicine
due to their interesting size-dependent properties. In the present work a chem. redn.
method is used to produce gold nanoparticles with different capping agents. These
nanoparticles were prepd. by reducing HAuCl4 using citrate and trialanine phosphine
(THPAL) and then capping with citrate, starch, and gum arabic. This article describes
a general method for the prepn. of citrate-, starch-, and gum arabic-coated gold
nanoparticles. Non-toxic, water-sol. THPAL was used as a reducing agent in this
process. The gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible (UV-Vis)
spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

Bibliographic Information

Biocompatible gellan gum-reduced gold nanoparticles: cellular uptake and

subacute oral toxicity studies. Dhar, Sheetal; Mali, Vishal; Bodhankar,
Subhash; Shiras, Anjali; Prasad, B. L. V.; Pokharkar, Varsha. Poona College of
Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India. Journal of Applied
Toxicology (2011), 31(5), 411-420. Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Ltd., CODEN:
JJATDK ISSN: 0260-437X. Journal written in English. AN 2011:924177 CAPLUS
(Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

Currently gold nanoparticles are being explored for drug delivery and other
biomedical applications; therefore it is necessary to study the fate of such
nanoparticles inside the body. The objective of the present study was to investigate
the cellular uptake and toxicity of the gold nanoparticles synthesized using a
microbial polysaccharide, gellan gum, as a capping and reducing agent. The cellular
uptake of gold nanoparticles was studied on mouse embryonic fibroblast cells,
NIH3T3 and human glioma cell line, LN-229. The cellular uptake study indicated that
the gellan gum-reduced gold nanoparticles were located in cancer cells (LN-229)
while no uptake was obsd. in normal mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (NIH3T3). The
toxicity of the gold nanoparticles was evaluated by carrying out subacute 28 day oral
toxicity studies in rats. Subacute administration of gum-reduced gold nanoparticles
to the rats did not show any hematol. or biochem. abnormalities. The wt. and normal
architecture of various organs did not change compared with control. The current
findings, while establishing the specific uptake of nanoparticles into cancerous cells,
also demonstrates that the gellan gum-reduced gold nanoparticles are devoid of
toxicity in animals following oral administration. Copyright Ó 2010 John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd.

Bibliographic Information

Cytotoxicity of sophorolipid-gellan gum-gold nanoparticle conjugates and

their doxorubicin loaded derivatives towards human glioma and human
glioma stem cell lines. Dhar, Sheetal; Reddy, E. Maheswara; Prabhune, Asmita;
Pokharkar, Varsha; Shiras, Anjali; Prasad, B. L. V. Materials Chemistry Division,
National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India. Nanoscale (2011), 3(2), 575-580.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry, CODEN: NANOHL ISSN: 2040-3372.
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticlePDF/2011/NR/C0NR00598C?page=Search
Journal; Online Computer File written in English. AN 2011:341226 CAPLUS
(Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

Biocompatible gold nanoparticles were synthesized by using a naturally occurring

gum-Gellan Gum-as a capping and reducing agent. These were further conjugated
with sophorolipids which again were accessed through a biochem. transformation of a
fatty acid. The cellular uptake of sophorolipid-conjugated gellan gum reduced gold
nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity on human glioma cell line LN-229 and human
glioma stem cell line HNGC-2 were investigated. Quite surprisingly even the simple
sophorolipid-conjugated gellan gum reduced/capped gold nanoparticles showed
greater efficacy in killing the glioma cell lines and, gratifyingly, the glioma stem cell
lines also. The cytotoxic effects became more prominent once the anti cancer drug
doxorubicin hydrochloride was also conjugated to these gold nanoparticles.

Bibliographic Information

Green nanotechnology: Its future and implications in medicine and

technology. Katti, Kattesh V. Department of Radiology, University of Missouri,
Columbia, MO, USA. Abstracts of Papers, 241st ACS National Meeting & Exposition,
Anaheim, CA, United States, March 27-31, 2011 (2011), I+EC-96. Publisher:
American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C CODEN: 69NZUR Conference;
Meeting Abstract; Computer Optical Disk written in English. AN 2011:336800
CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

Green nanotechnol. has attracted considerable interest because it provides new

pathways for the prodn., fabrication and overall utilization of nonmaterials with
minimal/no environmental toxicity. We have discovered that the water sol. peptide:
trimeric phopshino alanine P(CH2NHCH(CH3)COOH)3 (TPAL: referred to as 'Katti
Peptide'), reduces metal salts to corresponding nanoparticles in aq. media. The redn.
reactions of metal salts to corresponding nanoparticles by TPAL also ensues breaking
down of this trimeric peptide into biocompatible and non toxic alanine and
phosphoric acid and thus does not leave any toxic trail of chem. byproducts. As
representative examples on the tremendous potential of green nanotechnol., this
presentation will also provide details on the propensity of cinnamon-phytochems.
coated gold nanoparticles to internalize selectively within prostate tumor cells and
their utility in circulating tumor cell detection; the optimum residence profile of Gum
Arabic-glycoprotein conjugated gold nanoparticles within tumors and their
applications in tumor therapy.

Bibliographic Information

A facile synthesis and characterization of Ag, Au and Pt nanoparticles

using a natural hydrocolloid gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium).
Vinod, V. T. P.; Saravanan, P.; Sreedhar, B.; Devi, D. Keerthi; Sashidhar, R. B. Jonaki,
Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), Department of Atomic Energy
(DAE), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces
(2011), 83(2), 291-298. Publisher: Elsevier B.V., CODEN: CSBBEQ ISSN: 0927-7765.
Journal written in English. CAN 154:292056 AN 2011:75056 CAPLUS
(Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

An environmentally benign method for the synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles has
been reported using aq. soln. of gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium). Both
the synthesis, as well as stabilization of colloidal Ag, Au and Pt nanoparticles has
been accomplished in an aq. medium contg. gum kondagogu. The colloidal
suspensions so obtained were found to be highly stable for prolonged period, without
undergoing any oxidn. SEM-EDXA, UV-vis spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, FTIR and
TEM techniques were used to characterize the Ag, Au and Pt nanoparticles. FTIR
anal. indicates that -OH groups present in the gum matrix were responsible for the
redn. of metal cations into nanoparticles. UV-vis studies showed a distinct surface
plasmon resonance at 412 and 525 nm due to the formation of Au and Ag
nanoparticles, resp., within the gum network. X-ray diffraction studies indicated that
the nanoparticles were cryst. in nature with fcc. geometry. The noble metal
nanoparticles prepd. in the present study appears to be homogeneous with the
particle size ranging between 2 and 10 nm, as evidenced by TEM anal. The Ag and
Au nanoparticles formed were in the av. size range of 5.5 nm and 7.8 nm; while Pt
nanoparticles were in the size range of 2.4 nm, which were considerably smaller than
Ag and Au nanoparticles. The present approach exemplifies a totally green synthesis
using the plant derived natural product (gum kondagogu) for the prodn. of noble
metal nanoparticles and the process can also be extended to the synthesis of other
metal oxide nanoparticles.

Bibliographic Information

Facile green synthesis of gold nanoparticles with gum arabic as a

stabilizing agent and reducing agent. Wu, Chien-Chen; Chen, Dong-Hwang.
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan,
Taiwan. Gold Bulletin (London, United Kingdom) (2010), 43(4), 234-240.
Publisher: World Gold Council, CODEN: GOBUFW ISSN: 1027-8591.
http://www.goldbulletin.org/assets/file/goldbulletin/downloads/Chen_Wu_4_43.pdf
Journal; Online Computer File written in English. CAN 155:224338 AN
2010:1517429 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Abstract
A facile, completely green, and cheap route for the synthesis of Au nanoparticles at
25-75°C has been developed by using only hydrogen tetrachloroaurate as the
precursor and gum arabic (GA) simultaneously as a reducing agent and a stabilizing
agent. No extra reagents are needed. From the analyses of UV/VIS absorption
spectra, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, and XRD patterns, the formation of Au nanoparticles
with a fcc structure was recognized. The synthesis reaction was usually finished in 2-
4 h. Increasing the reaction temp. increased the formation rate but had no significant
effect on the optical property and size of Au nanoparticles. With increasing Au(III) ion
concn. or GA concn., the mean diam. of Au nanoparticles slightly increased. Also, the
particle size distribution became broader at higher Au(III) ion concn. or lower GA
concn. due to the insufficient protection. Although raising the GA concn. was helpful
to reduce Au(III) ions completely and stabilize the Au nanoparticles, too high GA
concn. was not suitable for the stabilization of Au nanoparticles because the
increased intermol. force of GA might hinder the dispersion of Au nanoparticles.
Furthermore, the resultant Au nanoparticles were found to remain highly stable in the
NaCl soln.

Bibliographic Information

Radioactive gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy: therapeutic efficacy

studies of GA-198AuNP nanoconstruct in prostate tumor-bearing mice.
Chanda, Nripen; Kan, Para; Watkinson, Lisa D.; Shukla, Ravi; Zambre, Ajit; Carmack,
Terry L.; Engelbrecht, Hendrik; Lever, John R.; Katti, Kavita; Fent, Genevieve M.;
Casteel, Stan W.; Smith, C. Jeffrey; Miller, William H.; Jurisson, Silvia; Boote, Evan;
Robertson, J. David; Cutler, Cathy; Dobrovolskaia, Marina; Kannan, Raghuraman;
Katti, Kattesh V. Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO,
USA. Nanomedicine (Philadelphia, PA, United States) (2010), 6(2), 201-209.
Publisher: Elsevier Inc., CODEN: NANOBF ISSN: 1549-9634.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/15499634 Journal; Online Computer
File written in English. CAN 153:450786 AN 2010:444363 CAPLUS (Copyright
(C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

Biocompatibility studies and cancer therapeutic applications of nanoparticulate b-

emitting gold-198 (198Au; bmax = 0.96 MeV; half-life of 2.7 days) are described.
Gum arabic glycoprotein (GA)-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possess
optimum sizes (12-18 nm core diam. and 85 nm hydrodynamic diam.) to target
individual tumor cells and penetrate through tumor vasculature and pores. The
authors report the results of detailed in vivo therapeutic investigations demonstrating
the high tumor affinity of GA-198AuNPs in severely compromised immunodeficient
(SCID) mice bearing human prostate tumor xenografts. Intratumoral administration
of a single dose of b-emitting GA-198AuNPs (70 Gy) resulted in clin. significant tumor
regression and effective control in the growth of prostate tumors over 30 days. Three
weeks after administration of GA-198AuNPs, tumor vols. for the treated animals were
82% smaller as compared with tumor vol. of control group. The treatment group
showed only transitory wt. loss in sharp contrast to the tumor-bearing control group,
which underwent substantial wt. loss. Pharmacokinetic studies have provided
unequivocal evidence for the optimum retention of therapeutic payload of GA-
198AuNPs within the tumor site throughout the treatment regimen with minimal or no
leakage of radioactivity to various nontarget organs. The measurements of white and
red blood cells, platelets, and lymphocytes within the treatment group resembled
those of the normal SCID mice, thus providing further evidence on the therapeutic
efficacy and concomitant in vivo tolerance and nontoxic features of GA-198AuNPs.
Bibliographic Information

A novel process for formulation of colloidal metal nanoparticles with

naturally occurring gums for drug delivery. Pokharkar, Varsha Babu; Dhar,
Sheetal; Mahadik, Kakasaheb Ramoo. (Bharati Vidyapeeth, India). Indian Pat. Appl.
(2010), 3pp. CODEN: INXXBQ IN 2008MU01641 A 20100205 Patent written in
English. Application: IN 2008-MU1641 20080801. Priority: IN 2008-MU1641
20080801. CAN 153:539295 AN 2010:172586 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS
on SciFinder (R))

Patent Family Information

Patent No. Kind Date Application No. Date

IN 2008MU01641 A 20100205 IN 2008-MU1641 20080801

Priority Application
IN 2008-MU1641 20080801

Abstract

The present invention is a process, which relates to colloidal metal nanoparticles and
a synthesis method thereof, and more particularly to gold and silver nanoparticles,
which can be synthesized by biocompatible polymer, polyelectrolyte (gellan gum),
which acts as reducing agent, stabilizing agent. More particularly, it relates to
improved loading efficacy with wide range of biol. active substances, e.g.,
therapeutic and diagnostic agents through electrostatic interactions on metal
nanoparticles such that it can be employed for oral, nasal, pulmonary, buccal, ocular,
vaginal or rectal routes. It relates to capping of nanoparticles with biosurfactant
(Sophorolipids) which aids in stabilization, surface modification, enables binding to
active biol. mols. and helps in uptake of mols. across the biol. membranes, esp. blood
brain barrier.

Bibliographic Information

Biodistribution of maltose and gum arabic hybrid gold nanoparticles after

intravenous injection in juvenile swine. Fent, Genevieve M.; Casteel, Stan W.;
Kim, Dae Young; Kannan, Raghuraman; Katti, Kavita; Chanda, Nripen; Katti, Kattesh.
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
Nanomedicine (New York, NY, United States) (2009), 5(2), 128-135. Publisher:
Elsevier, CODEN: NANOBF ISSN: 1549-9634. Journal written in English. CAN
152:128823 AN 2010:56400 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

This article describes several expts. performed to test the authors' hypothesis that
the agent used to coat/stabilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) will act to direct the
AuNPs to specific tissues within the body and that changing the coating will change
the target organ. Samples were also collected for pathol. examn. Gum arabic- (GA)
and maltose- (MALT) stabilized AuNPs were administered i.v. to juvenile swine, and
blood, tissue, and urine samples were collected for gold anal. The authors' results
indicate that differences do exist between the 2 NP constructs tested, with 50% or
greater of the total gold dose being found in the liver or lung for the GA- and MALT-
stabilized AuNPs, resp. These findings indicate that the functional unit used to
coat/stabilize the AuNPs has an important role in detg. the tissue distribution profile
for individual AuNP constructs.

Bibliographic Information

Nanostructure characterization of polymer-stabilized gold nanoparticles

and nanofilms derived from green synthesis. Medina-Ramirez, Iliana;
Gonzalez-Garcia, Maribel; Liu, Jingbo Louise. Dept. Chem., Univ. Autonoma de
Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mex. Journal of Materials Science (2009), 44(23),
6325-6332. Publisher: Springer, CODEN: JMTSAS ISSN: 0022-2461. Journal written
in English. CAN 151:493958 AN 2009:1193331 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011
ACS on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

The fabrication and characterization of gold (Au) nanostructured materials draws

significant attention because of their distinctive properties and their technol.
applications. The first objective of this study is to fabricate polymer-stabilized Au
nanoparticles and nanofilms (PAN) through a cost effective and green synthetic
methodol. In this study, the gold trication (Au3+) can be spontaneously converted
into metallic gold atom using a non-toxic reductant (ascorbic acid). The ultrafine Au
clusters were formed and stabilized through metallic bonds in the colloidal
suspension, which was then deposited on a micro-glass or polymer-bead substrate to
prep. thin films. It was found that ascorbic acid was the best reducing agent due to
its rapid rate, spontaneity of reaction, and its non-toxic nature. In order to prevent
aggregation of the nanoparticles, a dispersing agent (Gum Arabic) was used. The
second objective of this study was to analyze the PAN using a no. of state-of-the-art
instrumentation techniques and anal. approaches, such as X-ray powder diffraction
(XRD), at. force microscopy (AFM), scanning and transmission electron microscopy
(SEM and TEM), UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and ZetaPALS. These techniques
were applied to evaluate specific properties of the PAN, such as characterization of its
cryst. phase,surface topol., characteristic plasmon, particle size distribution, and
stability. From this study, it can be concluded that the ultrafine Au nanoparticles and
uniform films were obtained using the green chem. method. The ultrafine Au
particles are highly stabilized and monodispersed as demonstrated by their high abs.
value of zeta potential.

Bibliographic Information

Soy or lentil-stabilized gold nanoparticles and method for making same.

Katti, Kattesh V.; Kannan, Raghuraman; Katti, Kavita K.; Chandra, Nripen; Shukla,
Ravi. (The Curators of the University of Missouri, USA). U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2009),
11pp. CODEN: USXXCO US 20090117045 A1 20090507 Patent written in English.
Application: US 2008-241904 20080930. Priority: US 2007-997160P 20071001.
CAN 150:501269 AN 2009:557818 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder
(R))

Patent Family Information

Patent No. Kind Date Application No. Date

US 20090117045 A1 20090507 US 2008-241904 20080930

Priority Application
US 2007-997160P P 20071001
Abstract

The invention provides stabilized, biocompatible gold nanoparticles that are

stabilized with material from soy or lentil plant material or a reactive ext. thereof of
the plant material for, e.g., imaging and therapeutic applications. The gold
nanoparticles of the invention can be fabricated with an environmentally friendly
method for making biocompatible stabilized gold nanoparticles. In methods of the
invention, an aq. soln. contg. gold salts is mixed with soy or lentil plant material or a
reactive ext. thereof. In preferred embodiment methods of making, an aq. soln.
contg. gold salts is provided. The aq. soln. is mixed with soy or lentil plant material
or a reactive ext. thereof. The gold salts react to form biocompatible gold
nanoparticles that are stabilized with a robust coating derived of the soy or lentil
plant material or a reactive ext. thereof. Thus, biocompatible gold nanoparticles were
synthesized by direct redn. of NaAuCl4 with soybean ext. Nanoparticles were stable
over long periods of time (> 2 wk) suggesting that the proteins in soybeans provided
effective coating on gold nanoparticles.

Bibliographic Information

Stabilized, biocompatible gold nanoparticles and enviro-friendly method

for making same. Katti, Kattesh K.; Kannan, Raghuraman; Katti, Kavita K.
(Curators of the University of Missouri, USA). U.S. Pat. Appl. Publ. (2009), 17 pp.
CODEN: USXXCO US 20090074674 A1 20090319 Patent written in English.
Application: US 2008-283935 20080917. Priority: US 2007-994111P 20070917.
CAN 150:313986 AN 2009:336270 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder
(R))

Patent Family Information

Patent No. Kind Date Application No. Date

US 20090074674 A1 20090319 US 2008-283935 20080917

Priority Application
US 2007-994111P P 20070917

Abstract

The invention provides stabilized, biocompatible gold nanoparticles that are

stabilized with material from polyphenols- or flavanoids-rich plant material or reactive
phytochem. components of the plant material. The gold nanoparticles of the
invention can be fabricated with an environmentally friendly method for making
biocompatible stabilized gold nanoparticles. In methods of the invention, an aq. soln.
contg. gold salts is mixed with polyphenols- or flavanoids-rich plant material. In
preferred embodiment methods of making an aq. soln. contg. gold salts is provided.
The aq. soln. is mixed with black tea, turmeric, curcumin or cinnamon or a similar
naturally occurring polyphenols- or flavanoids-rich plant material. The gold salts
react to form biocompatible gold nanoparticles that are stabilized with a coating of
the polyphenols- or flavanoids-rich plant material. The black tea, turmeric, curcumin
or cinnamon or similar naturally occurring polyphenols- or flavanoids-rich plant
material can be a powder or can be in its root or bark form. Thus, the gold
nanoparticles obtained using catechin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) showed
excellent stability which was conformed by their in vitro stability studies.
Bibliographic Information

Stabilized gold nanoparticle and contrast agent. Kattumuri, Vijaya; Katti,

Kattesh V.; Boote, Evan; Kannan, Raghuraman; Casteel, Stan; Churchill, Robert. (The
Curators of the University of Missouri, USA). PCT Int. Appl. (2009), 44pp.
CODEN: PIXXD2 WO 2009005752 A1 20090108 Designated States W: AE, AG, AL,
AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE,
DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS,
JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN,
MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG,
SK, SL, SM, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT. Designated States RW: AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK,
ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IS, IT, LU, MC, MT, NL, NO, PT, SE, TR, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM,
GA, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG. Patent written in English. Application: WO 2008-
US8093 20080627. Priority: US 2007-937475P 20070628; WO 2008-US8093
20080627. CAN 150:106353 AN 2009:21814 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS
on SciFinder (R))

Patent Family Information

Patent No. Kind Date Application No. Date

WO 2009005752 A1 20090108 WO 2008-US8093 20080627
W: AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR,
BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK,
DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH,
GM, GT, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM,
KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA,
MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI,
NO, NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD,
SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ,
UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW
RW: AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB,
GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, MT, NL, NO,
PL, PT, RO, SE, SI, SK, TR, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM,
GA, GN, GQ, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG, BW, GH,
GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM,
ZW, AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM
US 20100266508 A1 20101021 US 2010-665086 20100628

Priority Application
US 2007-937475P P 20070628
WO 2008-US8093 W 20080627

Abstract

A kit for providing a contrast enhancer in a mammal for contrasting during imaging of
the mammal comprises functionalized gold nanoparticles configured to be directed to
one or more of a target organ, tissue and lesion of the mammal.

Bibliographic Information

Natural gum reduced/stabilized gold nanoparticles for drug delivery

formulations. Dhar, Sheetal; Reddy, E. Maheswara; Shiras, Anjali; Pokharkar,
Varsha; Prasad, B. L. V. Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory,
Pune, India. Chemistry--A European Journal (2008), 14(33), 10244-10250.
Publisher: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, CODEN: CEUJED ISSN: 0947-6539.
Journal written in English. CAN 150:199008 AN 2008:1488536 CAPLUS
(Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

"Gellan Gum", widely used in food and confectionary industry as a thickening and
gelling agent, has been employed as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the
synthesis of gold nanoparticles. These nanoparticles display greater stability to
electrolyte addn. and pH changes relative to the traditional citrate and borohydride
reduced nanoparticles. Subsequently these have been used to load anthracycline
ring antibiotic doxorubicin hydrochloride. The drug loaded on these nanoparticles
showed enhanced cytotoxic effects on human glioma cell lines LN-18 and LN-229.

Bibliographic Information

Synthesis of environmentally benign material sesbania gum-stabilized Ag

nanoparticles. Feng, Xue Jiao; Gao, Ge; Xu, Weiqing. chemistry department,
jilin university, changchun 130012, Peop. Rep. China. Abstracts of Papers, 234th
ACS National Meeting, Boston, MA, United States, August 19-23, 2007 (2007),
POLY-211. Publisher: American Chemical Society, Washington, D. C CODEN: 69JNR2
Conference; Meeting Abstract; Computer Optical Disk written in English. AN
2007:886601 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

A green and environment-friendly silver nanoparticles have been produced by the

reaction of silver nitrate and sesbania gum. This is the first report of Ag
nanoparticles reduced by sesbania gum, Silver-sesbania gum nanoparticles were
characterized by UV-Vis spectrum, transmission electron microscopy and IR
absorption spectrum. The colloid is very stable, it has no significant aggregate about
two months. And we also have prepd. gold nanoparticles by sesbania gum. So this is
a simple method to prep. stabilized green noble metal colloid, and we think that it will
have a wide application in the future.

Bibliographic Information

Synthesis of environmentally benign material sesbania gum-stabilized Ag

nanoparticles. Feng, Xuejiao; Gao, Ge; Xu, Weiqing. Department of Chemistry
College Key Laboratory for Supramolecular Structure and Materials of Ministry of
Education, University of Jilin, Changchun, Peop. Rep. China. Polymer Preprints
(American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry) (2007), 48(2), 480-
481. Publisher: American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry, CODEN:
ACPPAY ISSN: 0032-3934. Journal; Computer Optical Disk written in English. CAN
149:226258 AN 2007:847461 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

A green and environment-friendly silver nanoparticles have been produced by the

reaction of silver nitrate and sesbania gum. It has demonstrated that sesbania gum
act as both reducer and stabilizer. This is the first report of Ag nanoparticles reduced
by sesbania gum, Silver-sesbania gum nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis
surface plasma absorption, transmission electron microscopy, IR absorption
spectrum. The colloid is very stability, it has no significant aggregate about two
months. And we also have prepd. gold nanoparticles by sesbania gum. So this is a
simple method to prep. stabilized green noble metal colloid.

Bibliographic Information

Methods and articles for gold nanoparticle production. Raghuraman,

Kannan; Katti, Kattesh K.; Katti, Kavita K.; White, Henry W.; Cutler, Cathy S. (The
University of Missouri, USA). PCT Int. Appl. (2007), 30 pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 WO
2007027978 A2 20070308 Designated States W: AE, AG, AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA,
BB, BG, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES,
FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA,
LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, LY, MA, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO,
NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR,
TT, TZ, UA, UG, US. Designated States RW: AT, BE, CH, CY, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR,
IE, IS, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE, TR, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG.
Patent written in English. Application: WO 2006-US34166 20060831. Priority: US
2005-219497 20050902; WO 2006-US34166 20060831. CAN 146:291161 AN
2007:259624 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Patent Family Information

Patent No. Kind Date Application No. Date

WO 2007027978 A2 20070308 WO 2006-US34166 20060831
WO 2007027978 A3 20090430
W: AE, AG, AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BW, BY,
BZ, CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DZ,
EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HN, HR,
HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ,
LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, LY, MA, MD, MG, MK,
MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PG,
PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM,
SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC,
VN, ZA, ZM, ZW
RW: AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB,
GR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, NL, PL, PT, RO, SE,
SI, SK, TR, BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, GW,
ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG, BW, GH, GM, KE, LS, MW,
MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW, AM, AZ, BY,
KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM, AP, EA, EP, OA
US 20070051202 A1 20070308 US 2005-219497 20050902
DE 112006002361 T5 20080710 DE 2006-112006002361
20060831
JP 2009509032 T 20090305 JP 2008-529296 20060831

Priority Application
US 2005-219497 A 20050902
WO 2006-US34166 W 20060831

Abstract

An example embodiment of a method for making gold nanoparticles includes steps of

reacting a gold salt with a phosphino amino acid. Example phosphino amino acids
include trimers, with a particular example being a trimeric amino acid conjugate
contg. one phosphino group. In an example method of the invention, the gold
nanoparticles may be produced in timer periods of less than about 3 min, and at
temps. of less than about 30°. Other methods of the invention are directed to
methods for stabilizing gold nanoparticles, and to methods for making gold
nanochains. An article with sealed compartments contains a gold contg. material in
one compartment and a phosphino amino acid in the other compartment. Gold
nanoparticles were produced by reducing NaAuCl4 with TAAC (P(CH2NHCH3COOH)3)
in the presence of hot (about 60-75°) 0.1% agarose soln. in an aq. media.

Bibliographic Information

Gum arabic as a phytochemical construct for the stabilization of gold

nanoparticles: in vivo pharmacokinetics and X-ray-contrast-imaging studies.
Kattumuri, Vijaya; Katti, Kavita; Bhaskaran, Sharanya; Boote, Evan J.; Casteel, Stan
W.; Fent, Genevieve M.; Robertson, David J.; Chandrasekhar, Meera; Kannan,
Raghuraman; Katti, Kattesh V. Departments of Physics, Radiology, Chemistry, and
Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA. Small
(2007), 3(2), 333-341. Publisher: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, CODEN:
SMALBC ISSN: 1613-6810. Journal written in English. CAN 146:487158 AN
2007:191256 CAPLUS (Copyright (C) 2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have exceptional stability against oxidn. and therefore
will play a significant role in the advancement of clin. useful diagnostic and
therapeutic nanomedicines. Despite the huge potential for a new generation of
AuNP-based nanomedicinal products, nontoxic AuNP constructs and formulations that
can be readily administered site-specifically through the i.v. mode, for diagnostic
imaging by computed tomog. (CT) or for therapy via various modalities, are still rare.
Herein, we report results encompassing: (1) the synthesis and stabilization of AuNPs
within the nontoxic phytochem. gum-arabic matrix (GA-AuNPs); (2) detailed in vitro
anal. and in vivo pharmacokinetics studies of GA-AuNPs in pigs to gain insight into
the organ-specific localization of this new generation of AuNP vector, and (3) x-ray CT
contrast measurements of GA-AuNP vectors for potential utility in mol. imaging. Our
results demonstrate that naturally occurring GA can be used as a nontoxic
phytochem. construct in the prodn. of readily administrable biocompatible AuNPs for
diagnostic and therapeutic applications in nanomedicine.

Bibliographic Information

Nanocompatible Chemistry toward Fabrication of Target-Specific Gold

Nanoparticles. Kannan, Raghuraman; Rahing, Valerie; Cutler, Cathy;
Pandrapragada, Ravi; Katti, Kavita K.; Kattumuri, Vijaya; Robertson, J. David; Casteel,
Stan J.; Jurisson, Silvia; Smith, Charles; Boote, Evan; Katti, Kattesh V. Departments
of Radiology Chemistry and Physics, University of Missouri Columbia, Columbia, MO,
USA. Journal of the American Chemical Society (2006), 128(35), 11342-11343.
Publisher: American Chemical Society, CODEN: JACSAT ISSN: 0002-7863. Journal
written in English. CAN 145:403671 AN 2006:797393 CAPLUS (Copyright (C)
2011 ACS on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

Nanocompatible chem. which utilizes a novel nontoxic phosphino amino acid as a

reducing agent has resulted in the development of therapeutically useful gold
nanoparticles under biol. benign media. Stabilization of gold nanoparticles by the
edible gum arabic matrix has provided an effective pathway toward in vivo stable
target-specific gold nanoparticles.
Bibliographic Information

Cytotoxicity of sophorolipid-gellan gum-gold nanoparticle conjugates and

their doxorubicin loaded derivatives towards human glioma and human
glioma stem cell lines. Dhar Sheetal; Reddy E Maheswara; Prabhune Asmita;
Pokharkar Varsha; Shiras Anjali; Prasad B L V Materials Chemistry Division, National
Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411 008, India Nanoscale (2011), 3(2), 575-80.
Journal code: 101525249. E-ISSN:2040-3372. Journal; Article; (JOURNAL ARTICLE)
written in English. PubMed ID 21069248 AN 2011185541 MEDLINE (Copyright (C)
2011 U.S. National Library of Medicine on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

Biocompatible gold nanoparticles were synthesized by using a naturally occurring

gum--Gellan Gum--as a capping and reducing agent. These were further conjugated
with sophorolipids which again were accessed through a biochemical transformation
of a fatty acid. The cellular uptake of sophorolipid-conjugated gellan gum reduced
gold nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity on human glioma cell line LN-229 and
human glioma stem cell line HNGC-2 were investigated. Quite surprisingly even the
simple sophorolipid-conjugated gellan gum reduced/capped gold nanoparticles
showed greater efficacy in killing the glioma cell lines and, gratifyingly, the glioma
stem cell lines also. The cytotoxic effects became more prominent once the anti
cancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride was also conjugated to these gold
nanoparticles.

Bibliographic Information

Radioactive gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy: therapeutic efficacy

studies of GA-198AuNP nanoconstruct in prostate tumor-bearing mice.
Chanda Nripen; Kan Para; Watkinson Lisa D; Shukla Ravi; Zambre Ajit; Carmack Terry
L; Engelbrecht Hendrik; Lever John R; Katti Kavita; Fent Genevieve M; Casteel Stan W;
Smith C Jeffrey; Miller William H; Jurisson Silvia; Boote Evan; Robertson J David; Cutler
Cathy; Dobrovolskaia Marina; Kannan Raghuraman; Katti Kattesh V Department of
Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA Nanomedicine :
nanotechnology, biology, and medicine (2010), 6(2), 201-9. Journal code:
101233142. E-ISSN:1549-9642. Journal; Article; (JOURNAL ARTICLE); (RESEARCH
SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL); (RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T) written in
English. PubMed ID 19914401 AN 2010225453 MEDLINE (Copyright (C) 2011 U.S.
National Library of Medicine on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

Biocompatibility studies and cancer therapeutic applications of nanoparticulate beta-

emitting gold-198 (198Au; beta(max) = 0.96 MeV; half-life of 2.7 days) are described.
Gum arabic glycoprotein (GA)-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possess
optimum sizes (12-18 nm core diameter and 85 nm hydrodynamic diameter) to
target individual tumor cells and penetrate through tumor vasculature and pores. We
report the results of detailed in vivo therapeutic investigations demonstrating the
high tumor affinity of GA-198AuNPs in severely compromised immunodeficient (SCID)
mice bearing human prostate tumor xenografts. Intratumoral administration of a
single dose of beta-emitting GA-198AuNPs (70 Gy) resulted in clinically significant
tumor regression and effective control in the growth of prostate tumors over 30 days.
Three weeks after administration of GA-198AuNPs, tumor volumes for the treated
animals were 82% smaller as compared with tumor volume of control group. The
treatment group showed only transitory weight loss in sharp contrast to the tumor-
bearing control group, which underwent substantial weight loss. Pharmacokinetic
studies have provided unequivocal evidence for the optimum retention of therapeutic
payload of GA-198AuNPs within the tumor site throughout the treatment regimen
with minimal or no leakage of radioactivity to various nontarget organs. The
measurements of white and red blood cells, platelets, and lymphocytes within the
treatment group resembled those of the normal SCID mice, thus providing further
evidence on the therapeutic efficacy and concomitant in vivo tolerance and nontoxic
features of GA-198AuNPs. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR: In this study, the
biocompatibility and cancer therapeutic applications of glycoprotein (GA)
functionalized gold nanoparticles containing b-emitting Au-198 are described in SCID
mice bearing human prostate tumor xenografts.
The findings of significant therapeutic efficacy, good in vivo tolerance and non-toxic
features make these particles ideal candidates for future human applications.
Copyright 2010. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Bibliographic Information

Biodistribution of maltose and gum arabic hybrid gold nanoparticles after

intravenous injection in juvenile swine. Fent Genevieve M; Casteel Stan W;
Kim Dae Young; Kannan Raghuraman; Katti Kavita; Chanda Nripen; Katti Kattesh
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri,
USA fentg@missouri.edu Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine
(2009), 5(2), 128-35. Journal code: 101233142. E-ISSN:1549-9642. Journal; Article;
(JOURNAL ARTICLE); (RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL) written in English.
PubMed ID 19480048 AN 2009378611 MEDLINE (Copyright (C) 2011 U.S. National
Library of Medicine on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

This article describes several experiments performed to test our hypothesis that the
agent used to coat/stabilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) will act to direct the AuNPs to
specific tissues within the body and that changing the coating will change the target
organ. Samples were also collected for pathological examination. Gum arabic- (GA)
and maltose- (MALT) stabilized AuNPs were administered intravenously to juvenile
swine, and blood, tissue, and urine samples were collected for gold analysis. Our
results indicate that differences do exist between the two NP constructs tested, with
50% or greater of the total gold dose being found in the liver or lung for the GA- and
MALT-stabilized AuNPs, respectively. These findings indicate that the functional unit
used to coat/stabilize the AuNPs has an important role in determining the tissue
distribution profile for individual AuNP constructs.

Bibliographic Information

Natural gum reduced/stabilized gold nanoparticles for drug delivery

formulations. Dhar Sheetal; Reddy E Maheswara; Shiras Anjali; Pokharkar Varsha;
Prasad B L V Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune,
India Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) (2008), 14(33),
10244-50. Journal code: 9513783. E-ISSN:1521-3765. Journal; Article; (JOURNAL
ARTICLE); (RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOV'T) written in English. PubMed ID
18850613 AN 2008756981 MEDLINE (Copyright (C) 2011 U.S. National Library of
Medicine on SciFinder (R))

Abstract
"Gellan Gum", widely used in food and confectionary industry as a thickening and
gelling agent, has been employed as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the
synthesis of gold nanoparticles. These nanoparticles display greater stability to
electrolyte addition and pH changes relative to the traditional citrate and borohydride
reduced nanoparticles. Subsequently these have been used to load anthracycline
ring antibiotic doxorubicin hydrochloride. The drug loaded on these nanoparticles
showed enhanced cytotoxic effects on human glioma cell lines LN-18 and LN-229.

Bibliographic Information

Gum arabic as a phytochemical construct for the stabilization of gold

nanoparticles: in vivo pharmacokinetics and X-ray-contrast-imaging studies.
Kattumuri Vijaya; Katti Kavita; Bhaskaran Sharanya; Boote Evan J; Casteel Stan W;
Fent Genevieve M; Robertson David J; Chandrasekhar Meera; Kannan Raghuraman;
Katti Kattesh V Department of Physics, Alton Building Laboratories, University of
Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211 USA Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse,
Germany) (2007), 3(2), 333-41. Journal code: 101235338. E-ISSN:1613-6829.
Journal; Article; (JOURNAL ARTICLE); (RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL)
written in English. PubMed ID 17262759 AN 2007223463 MEDLINE (Copyright (C)
2011 U.S. National Library of Medicine on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have exceptional stability against oxidation and therefore
will play a significant role in the advancement of clinically useful diagnostic and
therapeutic nanomedicines. Despite the huge potential for a new generation of
AuNP-based nanomedicinal products, nontoxic AuNP constructs and formulations that
can be readily administered site-specifically through the intravenous mode, for
diagnostic imaging by computed tomography (CT) or for therapy via various
modalities, are still rare. Herein, we report results encompassing: 1) the synthesis
and stabilization of AuNPs within the nontoxic phytochemical gum-arabic matrix (GA-
AuNPs); 2) detailed in vitro analysis and in vivo pharmacokinetics studies of GA-
AuNPs in pigs to gain insight into the organ-specific localization of this new
generation of AuNP vector, and 3) X-ray CT contrast measurements of GA-AuNP
vectors for potential utility in molecular imaging. Our results demonstrate that
naturally occurring GA can be used as a nontoxic phytochemical construct in the
production of readily administrable biocompatible AuNPs for diagnostic and
therapeutic applications in nanomedicine.

Bibliographic Information

Nanocompatible chemistry toward fabrication of target-specific gold

nanoparticles. Kannan Raghuraman; Rahing Valerie; Cutler Cathy; Pandrapragada
Ravi; Katti Kavita K; Kattumuri Vijaya; Robertson J David; Casteel Stan J; Jurisson
Silvia; Smith Charles; Boote Evan; Katti Kattesh V Department of Radiology,
University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
kannanr@health.missouri.edu Journal of the American Chemical Society (2006),
128(35), 11342-3. Journal code: 7503056. ISSN:0002-7863. Journal; Article;
(JOURNAL ARTICLE); (RESEARCH SUPPORT, N.I.H., EXTRAMURAL) written in English.
PubMed ID 16939243 AN 2006517037 MEDLINE (Copyright (C) 2011 U.S. National
Library of Medicine on SciFinder (R))

Abstract

Nanocompatible chemistry which utilizes a novel nontoxic phosphino amino acid as a

reducing agent has resulted in the development of therapeutically useful gold
nanoparticles under biologically benign media. Stabilization of gold nanoparticles by
the edible gum arabic matrix has provided an effective pathway toward in vivo stable
target-specific gold nanoparticles.