Kalai Examination Final Document

1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT:
Examination is a core activity of any educational institution. In colleges the

examination are carried in the semester method that takes place once in a six months.
As the university/C.I.A examinations arrive, there exists a lot of work like

consolidating the time table of each departments of the college and the seating arrangement of all
the students in the college is a critical task.
Thus computerizing these activities plays an important role. Instead of sitting around a
table and searching for student records and University/C.I.A model time table and preparing
seating arrangement, that would be done with a few mouse clicks using this system.
The consolidated time table can be exported for future reference.
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1.2 SYSTEM SPECIFICATION
1.2.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION
Processsor - Intel Pentium IV 1.8GHz
Cache memory - 512KB
RAM - 128 MB DDR
Hard disk drives - 40 GB
Monitor - 15’’ Color Monitor
Keyboard - Multimedia Keyboard
Mouse - Scroll Mouse
1.2.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION
OPERATING SYSTEM - WINDOWS XP

FRONT END - VISUAL BASIC 6.0
BACK END - ORACLE 10G
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2. SYSTEM STUDY
2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM
The existing system is a manual system and there are many difficulties in
maintaining and handling it.
The system, which is followed at present, is a manual system. The system consists
of book of accounts that has to be maintained in all aspects. Printing work are difficult. In the
existing system each and every time a reference should be made manually. There are high
possibilities to commit errors and mistakes, which leads to produce the wrong statements to the
management. Report generation is also not an easy task.
Another important drawback of existing system is time factor. It will not help the
management to solve the problem in time.The above said reasons are overcome by using the
Visual Basic 6.0. Since the security system in this package is more secure than other software
packages.
2.1.1 DRAWBACKS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

There are many drawbacks in the existing system. They are
 Ledger books should be maintained for each entry.
 Each time to make a new entry the previous records has to be referred.
 Maintaining the data manually has no security.
 To generate a report, every time the ledger books has to be searched which is
time consuming.
 Manual work.
 Security of information is low.
 Time consumption.
 High Manpower.
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2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM
The drawbacks, which are faced during existing system, can be eradicated by using
the proposed system. The main objective of the existing system is to provide a user-friendly
interface. The system, which is proposed, now computerizes all the details that are maintained
manually. Once the details are fed into the computer there is no need for various persons to deal
with separate section. Only a single person is enough to maintain all the reports. The security can
also be given as per the requirement of the users.
2.2.1 BENEFITS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

The benefit of the system after implementing this project includes,
 Large volumes of data can be stored with case.
 Maintenance of file is flexible.
 Records stored are updated now and then.
 Stored data and procedures can be easily edited.
 Reports can be generated with case.
 Accurate calculations are made.
 Less manpower required.
 Time saving.
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3. SYSTEM DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
3.1 DATAFLOW DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

Data flow diagram is a structured analysis tool for showing the movement of data through
the different transformation or processes in the system. Named bubbles show the processes and
data named arrows, entering or leaving the bubbles, represent flows. A rectangle represents a
source or sinks and is a net originator or consumer of data. A source or sink is typically outside
the main system study. DFD can be hierarchically organized which helps in partitioning and
analyzing the large system, such system are called leveled DFD’s. For the hierarchy to be
consistence it is important that net input or output of a DFD for a process are the same input and
output of the process in the higher level DFD. The refinement stops until each bubble is atomic.
The data flow diagram may be used to represent a system or software at any level of
abstraction. In fact, DFD may be partitioned into levels that represent increasing information
flow and functional detail. A level 0 DFD is called a Context Level DFD. This model represents
entire software element as a single bubble with input and output data indicated by incoming and
outgoing arrows respectively.
Types of DFD
1) Physical DFD
An information dependent view of the current system shows what the data’s are carried
out and how they are performed.
2) Logical DFD
An implementation independent view of the system focusing on the flow of data between
process without specified devices storage locations or people in the system.
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DFD Components
Entity
An Entity is the source of destination of data the source in a DFD represents, these
entities that are outside the content of the system. Entities are represents rectangle.
Process
The process is the manipulation or work that transforms data, performing computation,
making decisions.
Data Store
A data store is a process stores data between processors for lateral retrieval by the same
process.
Data Flow
It’s a moment of data between the entity process and datastore. Data Flow is an interface
between the components of the DFD. It’s represented by an arrows.
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To Construct a Data Flow Diagram, we use
Symbol
SYMBOLS DESCRIPTION
Name
Rectangle Source (or)

Destination
Circle
Process
Open End
Box
Data Storage
Arrow
Data Flow
Report
Report
Rules for considering the data flow diagram
 Arrows should not cross each other.

 All data flows must originate or terminate at a process.
 A data store cannot be connected to another data store directly.
 External entity must be connected to a process by a process by a data flow.
 No more than nine process symbols should appear on one diagram.
 A data store should have atleast one incoming and one outgoing data flow.
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 Do not have depth of more than 7 levels.
 A process must have atleast one data flow entering and one data flow existing the process
symbol.
 A context diagram has no data stores and must fit on one page.
 A context diagram has only one process, which is numbered 0.
 A diagram 0 repeats the same external entities and data flows that appear in the context
diagram.
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3.2 ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
An Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is a visual representation of different data using

conventions that describe how these data are related to each other. For example, the elements
writer, novel, and consumer may be described using ER diagrams this way
Writer Creates
Consumer Novel
Buys
ER diagram with basic objects
In the diagram, the elements inside rectangles are called entities while the items inside diamonds
denote the relationships between entities.ER diagram with basic objects
ER Diagram Symbols and NotationsSymbols and Notations
Entity Attribute Relationship
Weak entity Multivalued Attribute Weak Relationship
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Elements in ER diagrams
There are three basic elements in an ER Diagram: entity, attribute, relationship. There are more
elements which are based on the main elements.
Entity
An entity can be a person, place, event, or object that is relevant to a given system. For example,
a school system may include students, teachers, major courses, subjects, fees, and other items.
Entities are represented in ER diagrams by a rectangle and named using singular nouns.
Weak Entity
A weak entity is an entity that depends on the existence of another entity. In more technical
terms it can defined as an entity that cannot be identified by its own attributes. It uses a foreign
key combined with its attributed to form the primary key. An entity like order item is a good
example for this. The order item will be meaningless without an order so it depends on the
existence of order.
Attribute
An attribute is a property, trait, or characteristic of an entity, relationship, or another attribute.
Relationship
An entity can be a person, place, event, or object that is relevant to a given system. For example,
a school system may include students, teachers, major courses, subjects, fees, and other items.
Entities are represented in ER diagrams by a rectangle and named using singular nouns.
Weak Entity
A weak entity is an entity that depends on the existence of another entity. In more technical
terms it can defined as an entity.
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3.3 DATABASE DESIGN DESCRIPTION
Before use the oracle to actually build the tables, forms, and other objects that will make
up the database, it is important to take time to design are database. Whether they are using a
Sqlserver or a Sqlserver project, good database design is the keystone to creating a database that
does not want it to do effectively, accurately, and efficiently.
This topic provides reference information about these basic Steps in designing a database:
 Determine the purpose of the database.

 Determine the tables need in the database.
 Determine the fields need in the tables.
 Identify fields with unique values in each record.
 Determine the relationship between tables.
 Refine the design.
 Enter data and create other database objects.
 Use Microsoft Access analysis tools.
Data Constraints
All business in the world runs on business data being gathered stored and analyzed.
Business managers determine a set of rules that must be applied to the data being stored to
ensure its integrity.
Types of Data Constraints
There are two types of data constraints that can be applied to data being inserted into a
database table .One type of constraint is called an I/O constraint. The other type of constraint is
called a business rule constraint.
 I/O Constraints
The input /output data constraint is further divided into two distinctly different constraints.
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The Primary Key Constraint
Primary Key Concepts
A primary key in a table used to uniquely identify each row in the table .A primary key
column in a table has special attributes.
 It defines the column as a mandatory column i.e. the column cannot be left blank.
The NOT NULL attribute is active.
 The date held across the column MUST BE UNIQUE.
The Foreign Key Constraint
Foreign constraint establishes a relationship between records across a master and a detail
table. The relationship ensures.
 Records cannot be inserted in a detail table if corresponding records in the master

table does not exist.
 Records of the master table cannot be deleted if corresponding records in the
detail table exist.
 Business Rule Constraints
The Database allows the application of business rules to table columns. Business
managers determine business rules.
The Database allows programmers to define constraints at:
 Column Level
 Table Level
Column Level Constraints
If data constraints are defined along with the column definition where creating or altering
a table structure, they are column level constraints.
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Table Level Constraints
If data constraints are defined after defining all the table columns when creating or altering
a table structure, it is a table level constraint.
Null Value Concepts
A NULL value is different from a blank of zero. NULL values are treated specially by
the database. A NULL value can be inserted into the columns of any data type.
Not Null Constraint Defined at the Column Level
When a column is defined as not null, then that column becomes a mandatory column .It
implies that a value must be entered into the column if the record is to be accepted for storage in
the table.
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3.4 INPUT DESIGN DESCRIPTION
Input design is the process of converting user-originating inputs to a computer-based

format input data are collected and organized into group of similar data. Once identified,
appropriate input media are selected for processing.
The existing system and proposed system is used in the input design the proposed system
is used the all the details can be maintained easily.
It requires very careful attention. It is the point of most contact of users with the
computer system and it’s prone to error. If data is going into the system is correct, then the
processing and output will magnify errors.
The objectives of input design are:
 To produce a cost effective method of input

 To achieve the highest level of accuracy
 To ensure that the input is acceptable to and understood by the user
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3.5 OUPUT DESIGN DESCRIPTION
An application is successful only when it provides effective and efficient reports.

Reports are actually presentable form of data the reports are the main source of information for
user operated and managements. After any valid processing, the reports are same are commenced
and generated filled for future use. The reports are generated with great care because it places an
important design making. With the quality output the entire system may appear to be
unnecessary that user will avoid using it. Reports are generated with the up to date details
according to user requirement. The report produced should be only concise with only necessary
information. No unnecessary information should be produced be produced in the output reports.
Output is the main reason for developing the system and the basis on which they evaluate
the usefulness of the application. Previewing the output reports by the user is extremely
important because the user is the ultimate judge of the quality of the output and, in turn, the
success of the system. The output is designed in such a way that it is attractive, convenient and
informative.
There is nothing new in VB 6.0 in this area, but graphics are such an important part of the
language that the related techniques had to be explained in detail.
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3.6 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
VISUAL BASIC 6.0
The visual part refers to the method used to create the graphical user interface (GUI).
The ‘Basic’ part refers to the BASIC (Beginners All – Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
Language. Visual Basic has evolved from the original basic language and now contains several
hundred statements functions and keyword, many of which relate directly to the Windows GUI.
The first tool to make Windows based programming easy the Microsoft Visual Basic
version 6.0 programming. System is now the leading tool for helping, developers create and use
Active X components, build Active Documents for intranet browsers, build client/server or multi
– tier solutions with high speed data access and built fast applications based on Windows version
6.0 adds a native code compiler, implicit multi – threading and integration with Microsoft
Transaction Server to bring a new level of scalability to server based components built with
Visual Basic.
Visual Basic 6.0 also provides developers with a new interface for faster programming.
The IDE now features Multiple Document Interface (MDI) with docking and linking. Windows
to eliminate unnecessary, mouse and keyboard actions and the code editors offers Intelli Sense
Technology such as Quick Tips, Data Tips, List Members and List Constants which eliminate the
need to memorize syntax and learn object models.
Visual Basic 6.0 is an application development tool used in developing Client/Server

applications. Before beginning with visual Basic 6, let’s have a look at the client/Server
architecture.
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STATES OF VISUAL BASIC
Visual Basic applications can be viewed in three distinct states:
1. Design
2. Execution
3. Break
In Design State, you can edit user interface or add code to the application.In Execution State,
the application is running and only a few menu commands are available. In Break State, the
application is halted.
EVENT –DRIVEN PROGRAMMING

The two main themes in developing with Visual Basic are:
 Visual Design
 Event Driven Programming
Applications written in Visual Basic are Event Driven. It can be best understood by
comparing it with Procedural programming. When we program in Visual Basic, it must be first
decided how the application should interact with the user. In other words, we have to decide
how each control reacts to user actions, such as the click of a mouse; keystrokes and these
reactions must be programmed. This is called Event Driven Programming, as the event caused
by the user determines the flow of application.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
Visual Basic 6.0 for Windows requires at least Microsoft 95 / Windows NT 3.51, 486
processor and a minimum of 16MB of RAM. A complete installation of the most powerful
version of Visual Basic 6.0, enterprise edition, requires more than 250Mb of hard disk space.
Understanding the Event-Driven Model
In traditional or "procedural" applications, the application itself controls which portions

of code execute and in what sequence. Execution starts with the first line of code and follows a
predefined path through the application, calling procedures as needed.
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In an event-driven application, the code doesn't follow a predetermined path — it
executes different code sections in response to events. Events can be triggered by the user's
actions, by messages from the system or other applications, or even from the application itself.
The sequence of these events determines the sequence in which the code executes, thus the path
through the application's code differs each time the program runs.
Your code can also trigger events during execution. For example, programmatically
changing the text in a text box cause the text box's Change event to occur. This would cause the
code (if any) contained in the Change event to execute. If you assumed that this event would
only be triggered by user interaction, you might see unexpected results. It is for this reason that it
is important to understand the event-driven model and keep it in mind when designing your
application.
INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
Applications in Visual Basic are developed in the Integrated Development

Environment (IDE).
COMPONENTS OF IDE
 Menu Bar.
 Toolbox Windows – displays the controls.
 Form Window – displays the form that holds the controls and which is useful for
developing the user interface.
 Properties Window – has list of all the properties for a control.
 Project Explorer Window – has list of all the forms and modules.
 Standard Toolbar – displays the frequently used commands in the form of buttons.
 Code Editor Window – where code is written.
 Form Layout Window – allows to visually position the form at design time.
 Object Browser – has list of all the objects, their methods and properties.
 Context Menus – a shortcut menu with frequently performed actions. It can be
displayed by right clicking on the object.
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 Immediate, Locals and Watch Windows – These additional windows are provided for
use in debugging your application. They are only available when you are running
your application within the IDE.
Menu Bar
The Visual Basic menu bar contains the names of the menus you can use in the active
window. You can modify the menu bar using the Commands Tab of the Customize dialog box.
For example File, Edit, View, Insert, Tools, Table, Help etc.
Form Window
The form window allows you to create the windows, dialog boxes and controls in your
application. You draw and view controls on a Form. A form is a window or dialog box. Forms
are containers for controls. A multiple document interface (MDI) form can also act as a
container for child forms and some controls.
Each form window has a Maximize, Minimize and Close Button. You can create wither
fixed or movable.
PROPERTIES WINDOWS
The Properties window lists the design – time properties for selected objects and their
current settings. You can change these properties at design time. When you select multiple
controls, the properties window contains a list of the properties common to all the selected
controls. The properties window has a object box, that lists the currently selected object, the
properties list tabs which has an alphabetic listing of properties in the alphabetic Tab and
categorized listing of properties in the Categorized Tab. The Description Pane that shows the
property type and a short description of the property.
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PROJECT EXPLORER
The project Explorer displays a hierarchical list of the projects and all the items contained
in a project. The elements of your project explorer window are as follows:
 View Code displays the Code Window where code is written and edited.
 View object displays the Object Windows for the selected item, an existing form,
module, ActiveX object.
 Toggle Folders that hides and shows the object folders while still showing the
individual item contained within them.
The code Window is used to write, display and edit Visual Basic code. The different code
window elements are as follows:
 Object Box – Displays the name of the selected object.
 Procedures / Events Box – Lists all the events recognized by Visual Basic for a form
or control displayed in the Object Box. When you selected an event, the event
procedure associated with that event name is displayed in the Code
Window.
FRONT END
The "Visual" part refers to the method used to create the graphical user interface (GUI).
Rather than writing numerous lines of code to describe the appearance and location of interface
elements, you simply add pre-built objects into place on screen. If you've ever used a drawing
program such as Paint, you already have most of the skills necessary to create an effective user
interface.
The "Basic" part refers to the BASIC (Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
language, a language used by more programmers than any other language in the history of
computing. Visual Basic has evolved from the original BASIC language and now contains
several hundred statements, functions, and keywords, many of which relate directly to the
Windows GUI. Beginners can create useful applications by learning just a few of the keywords,
yet the power of the language allows professionals to accomplish anything that can be
accomplished using any other Windows programming language.
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The Visual Basic Scripting Edition (VBScript) is a widely used scripting language and a
subset of the Visual Basic language. The investment you make in learning Visual Basic will
carry over to these other areas. In developing applications with Visual Basic programming is
about new keywords and functions. I choose the topics that felt every programmer should learn
in order to master the language.
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BACK END
10g is Oracle's grid computing product group including (among other things) a database
management system (DBMS) and an application server. In addition to supporting grid computing
features such as resource sharing and automatic load balancing, 10g products automate many
database management tasks. The Real Application Cluster (RAC) component makes it possible
to install a database over multiple servers.10g follows Oracle's 9i platform. Oracle says that the g
(instead of the expected i) in the name symbolizes the company's commitment to the grid model.
However, according to some reports, many early adopters are deploying 10g solely for its
automation features and have no immediate plans of implementing a grid environment.
Definition of: Oracle database
A relational database management system (DBMS) from Oracle, which runs on more than 80
platforms. Introduced in the late 1970s, Oracle was the first database product to run on a variety
of platforms from micro to mainframe. The Oracle database is Oracle's flagship product, and
version 11g was introduced in 2007.
Oracle 11g features include built-in testing for changes, the capability of viewing tables back in
time, superior compression of all types of data and enhanced disaster recovery functions.
The "i" and "g" Versions starting in 1999 with Version 8i, Oracle added the "i" to the version
name to reflect support for the Internet with its built-in Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Oracle 9i
added more support for XML in 2001. In 2003, Oracle 10g was introduced with emphasis on the
"g" for grid computing, which enables clusters of low-cost, industry standard servers to be
treated as a single unit.
Oracle Database 10g introduces support for these new language features:
 The binary_float and binary_double datatypes (the IEEE datatypes).

 the regexp_like, regexp_instr, regexp_substr and regexp_replace builtins to support
regular expression manipulation with standard POSIX syntax.
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 multiset operations on nested table instances supporting operations like equals, union,
intersect, except, member, and so on.
 the user-defined quote character.
 indices of and values of syntax for all.
 the distinction between binary_integer and pls_integer vanishes.
All these features except the user-defined quote character a convenience feature for the
programmer are performance features and, of course, they all have efficient implementations.
For example, the IEEE datatypes enjoy the benefit of machine arithmetic for mathematical real
numbers.
 Over the last 27 years, Oracle has made tremendous improvements in its core database
product. Now, that product is not only the world's most reliable and performance
database, but also part of a complete software infrastructure for enterprise computing.
With each new release comes a sometimes dizzying display of new capabilities and
features, sometimes leaving developers, IT managers, and even seasoned DBAs
wondering which new features will benefit them most.
 With the introduction of Oracle Database 10g, DBAs will have in their hands one of the
most profound new releases ever from Oracle. So, DBAs who take the time to understand
the proper application of new Oracle technology to their everyday jobs will enjoy many
time-saving, and ultimately, money-saving new capabilities.
 Oracle Database 10g offers many new tools that help DBAs work more efficiently (and
perhaps more enjoyably), freeing them for more strategic, creative endeavors—not to
mention their nights and weekends. Oracle Database 10g really is that big of a deal for
DBAs.
 In this series, I will provide brief, focused analyses of these interesting new tools and
techniques. The goal is to outline the functions and benefits of the feature so that you can
put it into action in your environment as quickly as possible.
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3.6.1.DESCRIPTION OF MODULES:
MODULES:
 Login form detail
 Student detail
 Staff detail
 course detail
 Time table detail
 Hall allotment detail
LOGIN FROM:
In this module, the user name and password are used. Using this module
unauthorized users are restricted to access.
STUDENT DETAIL:
This module deals with the entire student's information. The student's personal
details like student id, student name, student roll number, student register number, batch, year,
department, college name are maintained. Student information are added into the database and
stored for future reference.
STAFF DETAIL:
This module deals with the entire staff’s information. The staff’s personal details
include staff id, staff name, designation, department, qualification. Staff information are added
into the database and stored for future reference.
COURSE DETAIL:
In this module course id, course name, department name, year, exam start date, exam
finished date, number of student, student register number are maintained. Course information are
added into the database and stored for future reference.
TIME TABLE DETAIL:
This module takes care of the examination time table of the various department in the
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college. An exam id, exam type, courses name, departments name, year, date, session, time,
number of student, total number of hall are maintained.
HALL ALLOTMENT DETAIL:
This module deals with the entire hall allotment details. It include the hall number,
staff in the hall, strength of allotment, number of absentees, date, session, time and exam name,
in which department are written exam in the hall, student register number who write the exam in
the hall, number of student in the hall in each department.
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4.TESTING AND IMPLEMENTATION
4.1 SYSTEM TESTING
It is the stage of implementation, which ensures that system works accurately and
effectively before the live operation Commences. It is a confirmation that all are correct and
opportunity to show the users that the system must be tested with text data and show that the
system will operate successfully and produce expected results under expected conditions.
Before implementation, the proposed system must be tested with raw data to ensure that
the modules of the system works correctly and satisfactorily. The system must be tested with
valid data to achieve its objective.
The purpose of system testing is to identify and correct errors in the candidate system.
As important as this phase is, it is one that is frequently compromised. Typically, the project the
schedule or the user is eager to go directly to conversion. Actually, testing is done to achieve the
system goal. Testing is vital to the parts of the system are correct; the goal will be successfully
achieved. Inadequate testing or non-testing leads to errors that may not appear until months later.
This creates two problems:
The time lag between the cause and appearance of the problem. The effect of system errors on
files and records within the system.
The following are the types of Testing
 System Testing
 Unit Testing
 Integration Testing
 Validation Testing
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 UNIT TESTING
A program represents the logical elements of a system. For a program to run
satisfactorily, it must compile and test data correctly and tie in properly with other programs.
Achieving an error free program is the responsibility of the programmer. Program testing checks
for two types of errors: syntax and logical. Syntax error is a program statement that violates one
or more rules of the language in which it is written. An improperly defined field dimension or
error messages generated by the computer. Logic error deals with incorrect data fields, out-of
range items, and invalid combinations. Since diagnostics do not determine logic errors the
programmer must examine the output carefully.
When a program is tested, the actual output is compared with the expected output. When there is
a discrepancy the sequence of instructions must be traced to determine the problem the process is
facilitated by breaking the program down into self-contained portions, each of which can be
checked at certain key points. The idea is to compare program values against desk-calculated
values to isolate the problem.
Unit testing has been performed on all the form modules. The syntax and logical errors have
been corrected then and there. All the syntax errors have been rectified during compilation. The
output has been tested with the manual.
 INTEGRATION TESTING
Programs are invariably related to one another and interact in the total system. Each
program is tested to see whether it conforms to related programs in the systems. Each portion of
the system is tested against the entire module with both the test data and the live data before the
entire system is tested as a whole.
Integration testing is systematic techniques for conducting the program structure. While
at the same time conducting tests to uncover errors associated with the interfacing.
The objectives are to take unit tested modules and to built a program that has been dedicated by
design.
There are two types of Integration steps,
 Top down Integration.
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 Bottom up Integration
 VALIDATION TESTING
The validation testing is performed for all the data in the system. The data are
completely validated according to the company’s request and requirement.
In these testing, software is completely assembled as package, interfacing errors have

been uncovered and correction testing begins after each one of the two possible conditions exists
The function or performance characteristics are confirm specification and are accepted. A
deviation from the specification is uncovered and efficiency list is created.
QUALITY ASSURANCE
The Project is tested completely and various errors found are rectified.
Security is maintained by providing a separate login for the users
Duplication of records are not allowed.
Various validation are performed to ensure that important data are not missed.
Testing is performed with some sample inputs from the company and the output is verified and
found right.
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4.2 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
System implementation is the important stage of project when the theoretical design is
tuned into practical system. The main stages in the implementation are as follows:
 Planning
 Training
 System testing and
 Result
PLANNING
Planning is the first task in the system implementation. Planning means deciding on the method
and the time scale to be adopted. At the time of implementation of any system people from
different departments and system analysis involve. They are confirmed to practical problem of
controlling various activities of people outside their own data processing departments. The line
managers controlled through an implementation coordinating committee. The committee
considers ideas, problems and complaints of user department, it must also consider:
 The implication of system environment;

 Self selection and allocation for implementation tasks
 Consultation with unions and resources available;
 Standby facilities and channels of communication
TRAINING
To achieve the objectives and benefits from computer based system, it is essential for the people
who will be involved to be confident of their role in new system. This involves them in
understanding overall system and its effect on the organization and in being able to carry out
effectively their specified task. So training must take place at an early stage. Training sessions
must give user staff, the skills required in their new jobs. The attendance to sort out any queries.
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RESULTS
Only by the company management alone only one user should design in it, such a way
that it should not be flexible enough to access at a time. Hence the implementation method used
in the system is a pilot type of implementation.
SYSTEM SECURITY
 Providing a user id and password to the users ensures security. Separate login is
maintained for administrators and guests.
 Only administrators are allowed to do changes in the project. They have all the rights to
add, retrieve and delete records.
 Other users are given only the rights to view the records. The users are not allowed to
make any changes in the project.
SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
All system is dynamic and subjects to constantly changing requirements. Effort must be
devoted to adapting them and design must be flexible specified so that such changes can be
easily implemented. This activity is called system maintains. It includes improvement of system
functions and correction of errors.
Back up for the entire database files are taken and stored in secondary storage devices
like magnetic tapes and disks so that it is possible to restore the system at the earliest. If there is
a breakdown or collapse, then the system gives provision to restore database files. Storing data
in a separate secondary device leads to an effective and efficient maintains of the system.
The master file has flags for maintains. After for maintains. After the mentioned period,
the rejection suppliers, unused data in the files will be deleted in the master file. This method is
the increasing the memory to store the data.
30
5. CONCLUSION
This application works well and satisfy the examination controller activities.The
application is tested very well and errors are properly debugged. Further enhancements can be
made to the application, so that the application functions very interactive and useful to future
work. The modules that are used in the application are useful to prepare the exam timetable and
hall allotment. The application satisfies both the examination controller and students.
Using powerful tool like visual basic as frontend and oracle as backend, “Examination
management system” is design with high degree of awareness and competence of the
environment.
31
6. SCOPE FOR FURTHER ENCHANCEMENT
The project title “EXAMINATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is developed

successfully from mostly all the modules. The further development of this project can be to host
this project to the Internet.
Every application has its own merits and demerits. The project has covered almost all the
requirements. Further requirements and improvements can easily be done since the coding is
mainly structured or modular in nature.
Changing the existing modules or adding new modules can append improvements.
Further enhancements can be made to the application, so that the project becomes very
useful for an examination controller to conduct the examination easily and working correctly.
Advantages
 Reduces the time consumption.
 Fast and Economical.
 Accurate Calculation.
32
7.BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. BOOK REFERENCE
“System Analysis And Design”, GalgotiaPublicationPvt ltd.2001, Elias.M.Awad.
“Database System Concepts”, M.C.GrawHill 1996, AbrasilberschazHenryF.Eorth.s.

sundar shan.
“System Design in a Database Environment”, McGrawHill 1989 keneth S.Brathwait.
“Visual basic 6”, Corndex computer Publishing 1998, Steven Holzner.
B. WEBSITE REFERENCE
http.www.alvbcode.comapp-3619.htm
http.www.vbcode-301-redirect.htm
http.www.vbMaster-pages-in-VB-free-template-engine.htm
33
8.APPENDICES
A. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM:
ADMIN
Login into
LOGIN
STUDENT
PROCESS Student detail
STAFF
PROCESS Staff detail
COURSE
PROCESS Course detail
TIME TABLE
Time table detail
PROCESS
HALL ALLOTMENT
Hall allotment detail
PROCESS
report
34
B. ER DIAGRAM
name course
username password
Reg no Clg name
ADMIN STUDENT DETAIL

ENTER
LOGIN
Sname
gather
dept
STAFF DETAIL
Cname2 Total no of
hall design
Cname1 No of stu
sid
gather
date
cname
Etype
Dept
TIME TABLE DETAIL prepare COURSE DETAIL name
Exam
arrange
sdate
Exam fdate
No.of stu
HALL ALLOTMENT
date
hallno
time
session
Dept names Staff name
Str of allot
No.of abs 35
C.DATABASE DESIGN
TABLE NAME : STUDENT
PRIMARY KEY : SROL
S.NO FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE DESCRIPTION

1 Srol Number (6) Student roll number
2 Sname Varchar2 (20) Student name
3 Rgno Varchar2 (15) Student register number
4 Batch Varchar2 (10) Batch of each student
5 Cour Varchar2 (15) Course of each student
6 Year Varchar2 (10) Year of the each student
7 Dept Varchar2 (20) Department of the student
8 Cname Varchar2 (25) College name of each student
TABLE NAME : STAFF
PRIMARY KEY : SFID

1 Sfid Number (6) Staff id
2 Sfname Varchar2 (20) Staff name
3 Cour Varchar2 (10) Course name of each staff
4 Deptname Varchar2 (15) Department name of staff
5 Que Varchar2 (15) Qualification of each staff
6 Design Varchar2 (15) Desighnation of each staff
36
TABLE NAME : COURSE
PRIMARY KEY :CID

1 Cid Number (6) Course id
2 Cname Varchar2 (20) Course name
3 Deptname Varchar2 (15) Department name
4 Yrs Varchar2 (10) Year of the department
5 Sdate Date (15) Exam start date
6 Fdate Date (10) Exam finish date
7 Nost Number (20) Number of student in the

course
8 Sreg Varchar2 (25) Student register number
37
TABLE NAME : TIME TABLE
PRIMARY KEY : EID

1 Eid Number (6) Exam id
2 Etype Varchar2 (15) Exam type
3 Dat Date (15) Exam date
4 Cname1 Varchar2 (15) Course name 1
5 Cname2 Varchar2 (15) Cours name2
6 Cname3 Varchar2 (15) Course name3
7 Cname4 Varchar2 (15) Course name4
8 Yrs11 Varchar2 (10) IYear of the course1
12 Yrs12 Varchar2 (10) IIYear of the course1
16 Yrs13 Varchar2 (10) IIIYear of the course1
20 Nstu Number (5) Number of student
21 Nhall Number (5) Number of hall allotted
38
TABLE NAME : HALL ALLOTMENT
PRIMARY KEY : HNO

1 Hno Number (6) Hall number
2 Sfname Varchar2 (20) Staff name
3 Strallot Number (5) Strength of the hall
4 Noabs Number (5) Number of absentees
5 Dat date (15) Date of the exam
6 Time Varchar2 (10) Time of the exam
7 Sion Varchar2 (5) Session of the exam
8 Dept1 Varchar2 (20) Department1 of the exam
11 Reg1 Varchar2 (20) Register number of

department1
department2
department3
14 Stu1 Number (5) Number of student
39
C.SAMPLE CODING
LOGIN FORM CODING
Private Sub Command1_Click()
If Text1.Text = "EXAM" And Text2.Text = "2109" Then
MsgBox ("WELCOME TO EXAMINATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM")
Form6.Show
Else
MsgBox ("INVALID USERNAME (or) PASSWORD")
End If
End Sub
End
End Sub
40
HALL ALLOTMENT FORM
Option Explicit
Dim con As New ADODB.connection
Dim rs As New ADODB.Recordset
Private Sub combo1_Click()
rs.Open "select * from hallallot where hno=" & combo1.Text & ""
Text1.Text = rs.Fields(1)
Combo2.Text = rs.Fields(6)
End Sub
rs.Open "select max(hno)+1 from hallallot"
41
combo1.Text = rs.Fields(0)
rs.Close
End Sub
con.Execute "insert into hallallot values(" & combo1.Text & ",'" & Text1.Text & "'," &
Text2.Text & "," & Text3.Text & ",'" & Text4.Text & "','" & Text5.Text & "','" & Combo2.Text
& "','" & Combo3.Text & "','" & Combo4.Text & "','" & Combo5.Text & "','" & Text9.Text &
"','" & Text10.Text & "','" & Text11.Text & "'," & Text6.Text & "," & Text7.Text & "," &
Text8.Text & ")"
MsgBox ("one record saved")
End Sub
con.Execute "update hallallot set sfname='" & Text1.Text & "',strallot=" & Text2.Text &
",noabs=" & Text3.Text & ",dat='" & Text4.Text & "',time='" & Text5.Text & "',sion='" &
Combo2.Text & "',dept1='" & Combo3.Text & "',dept2='" & Combo4.Text & "',dept3='" &
Combo5.Text & "',reg1='" & Text9.Text & "',reg2='" & Text10.Text & "',reg3='" & Text11.Text
& "',stu1=" & Text6.Text & ",stu2=" & Text7.Text & ",stu3=" & Text8.Text & ", where hno="
& combo1.Text & ""
MsgBox ("One record edited.....")
End Sub
con.Execute "delete from hallallot where hno=" & combo1.Text & ""
MsgBox ("One record deleted ............")
End Sub
42
combo1.Text = ""
Text1.Text = ""
Text2.Text = ""
Text3.Text = ""
Text4.Text = ""
Text5.Text = ""
Combo2.Text = ""
Combo3.Text = ""
Combo4.Text = ""
Combo5.Text = ""
Text6.Text = ""
Text7.Text = ""
Text8.Text = ""
Text9.Text = ""
Text10.Text = ""
Text11.Text = ""
End Sub
Unload Me
con.Close
End Sub
43
Private Sub Form_Load()
con.Open "Provider=MSDAORA.1;Password=a;User ID=system;Data Source=127.0.0.1;Persist

Security Info=True"
MsgBox ("success")
Combo2.AddItem "FN"
Combo2.AddItem "AN"
Combo3.AddItem "BCOM"
Combo3.AddItem "BCOM IT"
Combo3.AddItem "BCOM CA"
Combo3.AddItem "BCOM CACS"
Combo3.AddItem "BBA"
Combo3.AddItem "BSC CS"
Combo3.AddItem "BSC IT"
Combo3.AddItem "BCA"
Combo3.AddItem "BSC CDF"
Combo3.AddItem "BSC CHM"
Combo3.AddItem "BSC maths"
Combo3.AddItem "MCOM"
Combo3.AddItem "MCOM IT"
Combo3.AddItem "MCOM CA"
Combo3.AddItem "MSC CS"
Combo3.AddItem "MSC IT"
Combo3.AddItem "MCA"
Combo3.AddItem "others"
44
45
rs.Open "select * from hallallot", con, adOpenDynamic, adLockOptimistic
While Not rs.EOF
combo1.AddItem (rs.Fields(0))
rs.MoveNext
Wend
rs.Close
End Sub
46
FORM DESIGN
LOGIN FORM
47
48
STUDENT FORM
49
STAFF FORM
50
COURSE FORM
51
TIME TABLE FORM
52
HALL ALLOTMENT FORM
53
REPORT
TIME TABLE REPORT
54
HALL ALLOTMENT REPORT
55

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1.

1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT:

Examination is a core activity of any educational institution. In colleges the

As the university/C.I.A examinations arrive, there exists a lot of work like

The consolidated time table can be exported for future reference.

1.2.1 HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

Processsor - Intel Pentium IV 1.8GHz

Cache memory - 512KB

RAM - 128 MB DDR

Hard disk drives - 40 GB

Monitor - 15’’ Color Monitor

Keyboard - Multimedia Keyboard

Mouse - Scroll Mouse

1.2.2 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

OPERATING SYSTEM - WINDOWS XP

2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

2.1.1 DRAWBACKS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

2.2.1 BENEFITS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

3.1 DATAFLOW DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

Rectangle Source (or)

Rules for considering the data flow diagram

 Arrows should not cross each other.

An Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) is a visual representation of different data using

ER diagram with basic objects

ER Diagram Symbols and NotationsSymbols and Notations

Entity Attribute Relationship

Weak entity Multivalued Attribute Weak Relationship

An attribute is a property, trait, or characteristic of an entity, relationship, or another attribute.

 Determine the purpose of the database.

Types of Data Constraints

Primary Key Concepts

The Foreign Key Constraint

 Records cannot be inserted in a detail table if corresponding records in the master

The Database allows programmers to define constraints at:

Column Level Constraints

Null Value Concepts

Not Null Constraint Defined at the Column Level

Input design is the process of converting user-originating inputs to a computer-based

The objectives of input design are:

 To produce a cost effective method of input

An application is successful only when it provides effective and efficient reports.

VISUAL BASIC 6.0

Visual Basic 6.0 is an application development tool used in developing Client/Server

EVENT –DRIVEN PROGRAMMING

In traditional or "procedural" applications, the application itself controls which portions

INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT

Applications in Visual Basic are developed in the Integrated Development

Definition of: Oracle database

 The binary_float and binary_double datatypes (the IEEE datatypes).

 Login form detail

 Time table detail

 Hall allotment detail

TIME TABLE DETAIL:

HALL ALLOTMENT DETAIL:

4.1 SYSTEM TESTING

The following are the types of Testing

There are two types of Integration steps,

 Top down Integration.

In these testing, software is completely assembled as package, interfacing errors have

Security is maintained by providing a separate login for the users

Duplication of records are not allowed.

 The implication of system environment;

The project title “EXAMINATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is developed