Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
DRS :
• It is one of the VC feature and its main function is Load Balancing
Mechanism.
• It balances the Virtual Machine Load across Hosts in the Cluster.
• While creation of cluster in VC we have option to create DRS cluster.
• In DRS cluster we can create resource pools.
• We can create resource pools either in standalone hosts (or)
Clustered hosts.
• We can create 512 Resource pools under Host level, 128 under
clustered.
DRS Conditions.
(1) CpuCompatibilty (Cpu Should Be Same Family Either Intel (Or) Amd).
(2) Storage Should Be Common (Or) Shared Storage.
(3) Resources Should Be Available In Destination Host.
(4) Physical N/W Should Be Same Network.
(5) Create Vmkernel Port Group In Both Source & Destination Hosts.
(6) Host Should Be Configured With Fqdn
(7) Dns Should Be Configured With Host Name.
DRS CONFIGURATION
• First Login into VC .
• Right Click the Data Center.
• Select New Cluster Option.
• Here we have Two Options one is HA (Failover Mechanism)&Second
one is DRS
(Load Balancing Mechanism).
• Now Enable DRS cluster.-->after that we will get a wizard for .
• Automation Level Recommended is –Fully Automation.
• Coming to Migration Threshold Recommended is 3 (or) 4 Star.
• Select DRS Rules (Affinity/In-Affinity).
• Select VM automation level –Partial Automation.
• Select Vm Swap file Location VM Directory Recommended.
• Click on Finish.
WHAT IS VIRTUALIZATION
• Virtualization is a technology that allows you to transform hardware
into software
• Virtualization allows multiple Virtual Machines to run concurrently
on a single computer
WHAT IS VM
Virtual Machine is a computer which looks like a Physical Machine
but it is software Generated Machine. It contains discrete set of files
like
(a) Virtual Machine Configuration file --- vmname.vmx.
(b) Virtual Machine Disk file --- vmname.vmdk.
(c) Virtual Machine Bios File --- vmname.nvram.
(d) Virtual Machine Log file --- vmname.log.
(e) Virtual Machine Swap file --- vmname.vswp.
(f) Virtual Machine Snapshot List ---
vmname.vmsd.
(g) Virtual Machine Snapshot Main File --- delta.vmdk
(h) Virtual Machine Snapshot Data ---
Vmname.vmsn
(i) Virtual Machine Extend Config ---
Vmname.Vmxf
(j) Virtual Machine Template --- Vmname.Vmtx.
Benefits:
(i) It is Easy to Move and Copy.
(ii) It is Easy to Manage.
(iii) It encapsulated a set of files
(iv) VMotion is one of the Main Features.
VMWARE TOOLS
After installing guest o.s we must install VMware tools to that
particular vm. SinceTools improve mouse performance, install device
drivers, memory management, Time synchronization and ability to
gracefully shutdown.
HOW ESX SERVER WORKS (OR) HOW DOES VIRTUALIZATION
WORKS.
• Virtualization uses either hosted or hypervisor architecture.
• A host-based virtualization system requires an operating system
(such as Windows or Linux) to be installed on the computer. Ex:
Workstation 7.0
• ESX Server is a bare-metal hypervisor system which does not require
an operating system. The hypervisor is an operating system, ESX
Server works based on X86 Architecture.
• ESX 3.5 Server manages up to 170 Virtual Machines.
DATA CENTER
• After installing VC we can create DC.
• DC is a primary container of Virtual Center Inventory Objects, such as
Hosts, VMs
• From DC we can add & organize Clusters, Hosts and Folders.
• VC server contains multiple Data Centers.
• Inventory objects can interact within Data Centers but interaction
across Data Centers is limited.
RESOURCE POOL
• A Pool of Resources reserved for a Virtual Machine
• We can Add Resource Pools in Host Level & Clustered Level
• In Host Level we can add up to 512 Resource pools & in Clustered
level 128.
• While creation of a Resource Pool, it provides different options like
Reservation, Share, Limited, Unlimited and Extent Options.
TEMPLATE
• It is one of the virtual center features.
• Template is Master copy of the Virtual Machine.
• By Template we can deploy ‘N’ number of Virtual Machines.
CLONE
• It is one of the VC feature.
• Clone is a duplicate copy of virtual machine.
• It is used in Testing & Development Environment.
SNAPSHOT
• It is one of the VC feature.
• It is a pre reserved state of the Virtual Machine.
• It is used in Testing & Development Environment.
• When we need to revert back the same state of VM without any
changes in VM it is very useful.
• Snapshot is used for UPDATES & CLONE Is used for
UPGRADATION.
LOCKDOWN MODE
It is used to Prevents administrators from trying to directly manage
ESX Hosts that are already being managed by a Virtual Center.
Maps: It shows relationship between VMs, hosts, data stores & networks
VMWARE ESX NETWORKING CONCEPTS
• Networking features of ESX Server allow virtual machines to
communicate with other virtual machines within the same box and
with outside world.
• Allows the service console to communicate and allow the VMkernel to
take advantage of IP-based storage and VMotion.
ISCSI SAN:
• It is IP based storage.
• It depends on TCP/IP Protocol
• It support to Boot ESX using H/W Initiator Only.
• Using hardware initiator only
• It supports to create a VMFS.
• it hold VMs’ files, ISO images, and templates
• It supports to VMotion, DRS, HA & VCB.
• Performance is high.
• Between ISCSI & ESX we are using authentication protocol CHAP.
• Both service console and VMkernel need to access the ISCSI storage
• It contains S/W ISCSI & H/W ISCSI.
• S/W ISCSI = NIC + drivers (does not supports to BOOT ESX)
• H/W ISCSI =HBA + Drivers. (Supports for BOOT ESX.)
• To enable S/ W ISCSI
• Enable s/w Iscsi Client
• Create vmkernel Port group
• Enable iscsi storage group (or) Adapter.
VMFS DATASTORE
• Each virtual machine’s files are located in its own subdirectory
• VMFS is a VMware Files System to build esx Cloud Infrastructure
• We can create VMFS and NFS data stores for the ESX Server.
• A VMFS data store is used to hold templates, ISO images and the
files that make up a VM
• The size of a VMFS can be dynamically extended
• VMFS volumes are accessible in the service console
• If the master extent is lost, it could cause data loss on the entire
VMFS
VM fails to CLONE in VC
• First Login into appropriate HOST Service Console.
• We need to restart VC server service #service vmware-vpxa restart
3rd Scenario:
RCA:
• After Rebooting the ESX Host it will generate one core dump file
i.e.”VMKernel Dump” under ROOT Directory.
• By using #VMKdump-l <VMKernel Dump>. We can Extract Log File
from Core Dump.
• At the end of this file we will be able to see what had happen to the
server.
• Otherwise contact VMware Support team.
• If we are unable to find RCA here then go to ILO IML (Integrated
Management Logs) here we can find RCA.
• Otherwise got Event Viewer based on Time stamp we can find RCA.
• Otherwise go to HP System Manager & HP System Inside Manager
we can find RCA.
• In Windows, we use third party tool WINDBG UTILITY to extract the
file.
Esx Commands:-
Login to the service console [Alt +F1] or putty
# vmware-cmd -l = To view the
VMs List
# vmware-cmd<VM Path> start = To Start the
VM
# vmware-cmd<VM Path> start hard = To Start the
VM
# vmware-cmd<VM Path> stop = To Stop the
VM
# vmware-cmd<VM Path> stop hard = To Stop the
VM
Here, VM Path = /VMFS/Volumes/Datastore name/VM
name/Vmname.vmx
VI Deployment
-How to virtualize the datacenter if you have 400+ Physical servers
-How to Deploy 100+ Physical /Virtual servers
-How to prepare a plan for new projec [50+ servers]
-How to create a two test machines on friday[Weekend]
Unable to add the ESX host to VC/ ESX host is showing as not
responding-Steps to be followed:-
1.First verify whethere the ESX Host is ping or not.
If it is not pinging need to resolve the network issue.
If it is pinging go to the next step.
2.Check the ESX Host name or IP Address and Login credentials whether
it is correct or not.
3.Verify the ESX Host Agent service status
#service mgmt-vmware status
If it is not running
#service mgmt-vmware restart = To restart the host agent service
4.still problem persists,check for vpxa service status
#service vmware-vpxa status
If it is not running needs to start the service
#service vmware-vpxa start/restart
5.It will resolve the issue.
HA Recent Issue
HA is by far the most dependant on DNS, this was fixed by using host files.
Anything that needs to resolve based on a host name will need a host file
(HA, vMotion, adding hosts, etc).
vCenter may need to be adjusted as well. Add the host file that we saved to
this location like we did before by pasting it into the host file.
C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts
That will allow vCenter to resolve the hosts as well. This should take care
of DNS in the environment as long as there is no additional growth. If your
customer needs more assistance with DNS, then that would be up to him to
fix it in his environment. These adjustments should fix the issue with the
hosts and vCenter for you. Although this is a supported setup, it does make
some thing more difficult. I really hope this clearifies some of the issues
that had in the environment. Please let me if it does not. For now, would
you like to close the case?
Looking forward to hearing from you. You can contact me at 1877-
4VMware, opt 4, opt 2, then the SR/Case number. If I am unavailable,
please ask for the next available TSE. Have a great day!
BACK UP
2)Failed:- If the backup status is failed for any client need to check the
following options
--First verify the BAclient service is running or not,if it is not
running start the service and
inform to backup team
I have restarted the baclientservice,could you please rerun
the backup.
--Need to verify the server status during backup schedule time.
--Need to check the Backup Adapter is properly defined or not
--If there is any issue with Baclientsoftware,Reinstall it.
--If there is any routing issue ,add the appropriate route using
route add command
start-->run-->cmd -->route add like "Route add 10.232.8.96 mask
255.255.255.224 10.232.185.XX –p"
3) Missed: -- If the backup status is missed for any server need to verify
the following options
---Verify whether the server is existing or not.If it is not in
network since week time,just
update the same info to team/customer
---Contact the backup team wheter the server is added to
proper group or not.
---check for the server naming convention
4)Started:- if the bakcup status is showing as started need to follow the
following steps
---Check the server backup size
---verify is there any scheduled jobs[Any application
maintenance] during backup. If you
find any info update the same status to customer/team
Note:- If you are unable to resolve any backup issue, finally raise a service
request to the backup
team to investigate the issue
UPDATE MANAGER: How to upgrade ESX 3.5 to ESX 4
1) Login to VC 4 and enable VMware update mgr client.
2) Download ESX 4 iso or ESX 4 zip and placed into a common location
3) Create a baseline for ESX Host upgrade
4) Upload esxiso or zip to baseline
5) Go to the Inventory select the appropriate ESX Host
6)scan the inventory,choose the baseline and verify the non compliance
7)Remidate ESX Host
Note:- Baseline = The set of patches
VMware Converter 4.0: Pre Conversion steps for P2V Conversion
Prepare a project plan for the P2V Converter and mention all actionable
items like converter tool
name, how many cpu’s, mem, how much amount of disk and how many
nics?
-Need to choose the which is best candidate- Depends upon the
solarwindsperfmance reports we
need to choose which is under utilized system that is the best candidate to
convert P2V
-Need to uninstall the Antivirus on the Physical server
-Take the benchmarks of the Physical server [System name, IP
Settings, Drive details, Persistant
routes ..etc.,]
-Choose any of the converter tool Ex:-VMware standalone Converter
4.0
-Install the converter on the physical server
-Converter Steps
-Specify Source
-Specify Destination
-View/Edit Options
-Ready to complete
Note:- In view/Edit options need to uncheck the Network "connected at
Power on" option
-It allows to edit the C drive size.
Ex:- HP System Manager for HP Box & Dell OPen Manage for Dell Boxes.
etc.,
-Need to verify the VM Services and all are up and running or not
-Verify the All Benchmarks
-Place the VM is in Production
Firmware Updates :-
Firmware is a combination of software and hardware.
Normally, For any Hardware related issues recommend solution is first
verify the firmware version.
If it is running with older version.we needs to update it to lattest version.
Update Procedure:-1.
As per the HP support team, Get the download link and download the
respective firmware ,placed in to the local system. Install it manually.
Procedure:- 2. Once you download the firmware *.iso file, Placed in to
the any utility server and Access the affected system-iLo --->Mount the iso
using administration tab--> Go to the power mgmt option -->reset the
system--->it will start booting from iso --->monitor the firmware upgrade
process from Remote console option-->once the upgradation is completed.
Restart the server and check thelattest firmware version.
Procedure:-3 Download the approriate firmware version and placed into
HP SIM server-->Go to all server section-->select the respective server--
>Go to the deploy-->Deploy Drivers,Firmware and agents--->Install
software and firmware --->Mount the iso-->click on finish--->it will start the
installation process -->needs to monitor from integrated remote console
option.
once the upgradation is completed. Restart the server and check the
lattest firmware version.
-Depends upon the server availability report & Performance report we can
easily verify the server health status.
Windows Alerts &VMware Alerts --- Server UP/Down
If the ESX Server is Pinging still we are unable to add the host to VC
...it says not responding or disconnected.
-Verify the ESX Server name or IP Address and Login credentials
-Still problem persists Verify the ESX host mgmt service
#service mgmt-vmware status = To verify the ESX host agent service
status
If it is in stopped state need to start the service
#service mgmt-vmware start or restart
-However Unable to add to VC--- Apply the following command
#service vmware-vpxa status = To verify the VC Agent service
status
If it is in stopped state need to start the service.
If there is any network issue need to restart the network service
#service network restart
It will fix the issue.
Still unable to resolve the issue depends upon the error message just
research in kb.vmware.com
we can find the resolution steps and easily fix the issue.
Monitoring Tools:
1)WhatsUP Gold v14.4--> System UP/DOWN & Service UP/ Down Status
Monitoring.
2)Solarwinds v9.1 SP5 --> For Performance Monitoring.
3)VC Alarms--->To monitor Virtual Infrastructure [ESX &VMs]
Minimum Requirements to monitor a device[server,Switch,Router
...etc.,]
• System should be online[Pinging]
• Needs to be configure SNMP –To Monitor performance and service
up/down status
• E-mail Notification List---Respective Team Mail ID
• Mail server details----Mail Server Name & Port Number[SMTP-25]
• Alert Severity---like Sev1,2,3,4& Notes
To Verifysnmp configuration:-
Log in to the server-->RUN-->Services.msc--->verify the snmp service
status -->it should be in started state and-->snmp service properties --
>security tab-->check for community string [Default = public or any other]--
>add the whats up server ip to snmp security tab to accept the packets.
STORAGE : RAID
Simple Volume : Space From Single Hard Disk Forms Simple Volume
Spanned Volume :Free Space Can Span More Than One Hard Disk And
Appears As Single Volume
Stripped Volume: Space Selection From Each Hard Disk Is Identical In
Size
Mirrored Volume: Is An Additional Hard Disk Used For Imaging Primary
Hard Disk To Protect
The Data In The Second Disk When First Disk Fails.
*Redundancy Array Inexpensive Disks[Raid] : It Is A Standard Used For
" Protecting The Data"
Raid0 : Striping Without Parity Offers No Fault Tolerance---[Minimum 2
Disks And Maximum 32]
Raid1: Mirroring Offers Fault Tolerance, Doesn’t Offer Performance,
Requires Down Time.
[Minimum & Maximum 2 Disks]
Raid5: Striping With Parity Offers Highest Fault Tolerance,Offers
Availability And
Performance I.E No Down Time.
[Minimum 3 And Maximum 32]
Raid 10: Mirroring And Striping [Minimum 4 And Maximum 32]
SEP links:-
http://www.symantec.com/business/products/family.jsp?familyid=end
pointsecurity
http://www.symantec.com/business/security_response/definitions/do
wnload/detail.jsp?gid=savce
Firmware Updates :-
Before Updating firmware updates recomend is need to verify the all
network connections.
Suppose if there is any network team first we need to dislove/drop the nic
team/network team then login to ilo for HP Box DRAC for DELL Box.
Steps to be followed:
1) First download the firmware image[HP/DELL] and place it into any of the
location
2)while upgrading firmware recomend is need to login to HP-ilo or DELL-
DRAC and perform the updates
3)For example In iLo go to the adiministration tab mount the firmware
image
4) Reset the physical server using powermgmt option
5) It will automatically boot from the firmware image and monitor the update
process from the remote console option.
6)once update is complete reboot the machine and team the network
connections
WSUS Script:--If any of the server not pointing to wsus console- steps
to be followed
-First verify whether it is ping from WSUS console or not.if it is not pinging
resolve the network issue.
-If it is pinging -->login to the client server-->Start-->Run-->cmd--->type
:gpupdate /force
-It will refresh the group polices.
-If you want to verify the group policy information ,apply the following
command
Start-->RUN-->type: gpresult
reg delete
HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WindowsUpdate /v
SusClientId /f
net stop wuauserv
net start wuauserv
wuauclt /resetauthorization /detectnow
wuauclt /reportnow
If any of the server not pointing to wsusconsole : steps to be
followed
-First verify whether it is ping from WSUS console or not.if it is not pinging
resolve the network issue.
-If it is pinging -->login to the client server-->Start-->Run-->cmd--->type
:gpupdate /force
-It will refresh the group polices.
-If you want to verify the group policy information ,apply the following
command
Start-->RUN-->type: gpresult
wuauclt.exe /detectnow
reg delete
HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\WindowsUpdate /v
SusClientId /f
net stop wuauserv
net start wuauserv
wuauclt /resetauthorization /detectnow
wuauclt /reportnow
Infrastructure Master
Is Responsible For Updating User And Group Membership Information And
Updating
Global Catalog, Only One Infrastructure Master Per Domain
Rid Master
Relative Identifier Is Responsible For Assigning Unique Ids To The Objects
Created
In The Ad, Only One Rid Master Per Domain
SCOPE
Range Of Ip Addresses
DHCP Lease period - 8 days
FT -195 Page
An upgrade to Windows Server 2008 can only be performed by launching the installation
process from within the currently installed operating system. It is not possible to perform an upgrade by
booting from the installation media
5. User requested more space on the VM virtual disk, how you manage?
6. What is vmfs?
It is a clustered filesystem.
7. You dont have virtual center and you need to copy a running VM, what to do?
HP COMPANY
VMM
Software that is responsible for virtualizing the CPUs. One VMM runs in kernel space for each running
virtual machine.
HA,DRS,VMOTION,STORAGE VMOTION,RESOURCE POOL,SHARES,ALL CONDITIONS
VC AGENT,HOW IT WILL WORK
HOST CONCEPTS
TOP&ESX TOP
-the top command is a system monitor tool that produces a frequently-updated list of processes.
-esx top = Display esx server resource utilization
STORAGE CMDS
NETWORKING CMDS
HOST ERROR LOGS
/var/log/vmware/hostd.log
/var/log/messages
/var/log/vmkernel
/var/log/vmksummary.txt = Availability report for esx
/var/log/vmkwarning
/var/log/vmware/vpx/vpxa.log = Virtual center Agent log
NORMAL LOGS
VMKERNEL
HOST INSTALLATION ERRORS
-Hardware compatability issues.
ERROR SCENARIOS
-No network supported
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN ESX & VC
STORAGE CONCEPTS &DIFFERENCES ,ALL INFO..NAS,SAN
TKTING TOOL
MONITORING TOOLS
SECURITY HARDENING
CHANGE MGMT,SERVICE REQUEST
ITIL&VCP INFO
VMKNOD
CLUSTERING,HOW YOU ADD HOSTS
P2V TOOLS,AND 3-PARTY TOOLS
HOW TO DO THE CPU UTILIZATIONS AND DISK UTILIZATIONS
PORTNO'S,LICENCE SERVER 27000,27010;VC HEARTBEAT 902
SNMP
VM'S STORAGE LOCATION
IPTABLES
WATCHDOG
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IBM Interview
vswitch -ports,portgroups
Service console portgrup
VMkernalPortgroup
VMnetworkportgroup
HA port no?
8042-8045,2050 to 2250
vmkernal
In ESX/ESXi, a high-performance operating system that occupies the virtualization layer and manages
most of the physical resources on the hardware, including memory, physical processors, storage, and
networking controllers.
Q)complete vm corrupted
-If there is any snapshot -->we can revert to previous state of vm
-If there is any backup of vm-->we can restore
-suppose there is no backup and no snapshot...we need to create a new vm with same configurations
EVC does not allow for migration with VMotion between Intel and AMD processors.
http://www.vmguru.nl/wordpress/2009/06/vmware-evc-cluster-what-is-that/
Q)cpucompatability
Q)storagevmotion
Q)vmotion failures
Q)host logs
Q)host updates
Download Patches
Create/attach baselines
SCAN Inventory
Review Complience
Remediate Hosts or VMs
Q)vm backups
Q)p2v,v2v
Q)update manager
Q)snapshot
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COGNIZENT
windows
RAID 0,5,6
RAID
how to configure RAID
site& site links
AD -after deleting OU how to recover
DHCP
DNS-records
FSMO ROles
PDC emulator
Infrastructure master
Global catalog
how to install Firmware
Ports:SMTP,DNS,DHCP,UPDATE MGR,ISCSI,
VMware
updatemgr port no
how to upgrade HOST
How to upgrade VM
How to upgrade VM with out using update manger
Snapshot...sizes ....SNAP SHOT MGR
Deploy the vm..from ISO & Template
HA &drs
P2V
ESX DOWN
VM DOWN
VM Notresponding unable to reboot
Hostd is not running how to fix
Exchange
what is system attendent
cluster ....how to configure
vmware with MSCS
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IBM -Chennai
Update Manager
ESX Pre & Post Installation
P2v-Pre,Post steps
Difference Betwee VI3 &vSphere 4
PSOD,BSOD,
Template
Clone
Snapshot
windows
FSMO
AD,dns& DHCP
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SIFI TECHNOLOGIES
SIFI Technologies
personal details
salary
d0b
relocation
---------
HA
DRS
STORAGEVMOTION
Difference between vmfs3 and vmfs3.33
Max vm ram
max vm swap
maxluns per esx 128,
maxcpus per vm--4,8
MAX vmfs SIZE
EVC Cluster
CPU MASK
share
limit
Reservation
Portgroups
how many max extent per esx
Difference b/w vi client and vc
esx 4 license
DRS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Emphasis-
HCL
1. How Many Max Host Failures in a cluster?
2. How do know where vm migrating if Cluster fail?
3. How many iScsi targets in a cluster?
4. How VMotion works? backend process
5. P2V Migration
6. FSMO Roles, IF PDC EMULAT Fails?
7. Port Groups
8. If mac address change is in Reject wt happen?
9. Linux Console Version
10. RDM
11. Datastores
12. How can you configure diffrent types of datastores on ESX 2.5
13. How can u deploy vmsFrom template?
14. Snap shot
15. What is the most difficult VMWare related issue you ever faced?
16. VCB
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PATNI
1. V - Motion post/pre requirements, back end process 2. How can u create HA? DRS 3. What is the
importance of storeage in vmotion4. How can u add storage from commandline?
5. If ESX Crashed what u will tell to client? Manager?
6. What resorces can u add from esxcfg-vswif-l?
7. How can u change IP address of service console?
8. NIC Teaming?
9. If Physical NIC fails? then
10. Windows Clustering
11. DHCP? how to configure DHCP in Linux?
12. DNS ?
13. TCP/IP?
14. Importing & Exporting VMS how can u do this?
15. Port Groups
16. NTP Client Configuration
17. When u will put a host in to maintanence?
18. ITIL Process Change request?
19. Upgrade process? inurenvr
20. Diffrence between template & Clone
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Sify Technologies
Family backround
Hobbies
HA
DRS
FT
EVC
Service console PG Down
Limitions
Supported application
Virtualization
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CSS- Windows
Difference between windows 2000 & 2003
IIS -Browse..websitedown,home page content
DNS -Zones-F/W ,Reverse look up zones
RP,ARP
DHCP Reservation
Monitoring tools
Whatsup
Solarwinds
Ticketing tools
Server down
BSOD
Escalation Process
Team size --8
Service Down
IIS service name
Performance issue
cpu over 100% how to resolve
ilo
drac
unable to connect RDP
Request time out
Destination host unreachable
Destination Net unreachable
HP SIM
how to access servers console...Vision APP
Patching---wsus 3.0
how many servers 1100+
what is cluster load balancing
what type of servers r u using in your environment