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What is “good”?
What is “ought”?
What are the justifications for
right and wrong?
According to Erich Fromm
• “If men differed in their
basic psychic and mental
structure, how could we
speak of humanity in more
than a physiological and
anatomical sense?”
According to Erich Fromm
• Problem: Invermectin is
good only for animals
Why?
What are your reasons?
(narrate…)
(rebuttal…)
• To do morality is to
reason out the
foundations, the core,
why we do such acts
• Rational thinking
consists in giving
reasons, analyzing
arguments, setting out
and justifying principles,
and so on.
“Good”, “right”,
“wrong” = all of
these are parts of
how to live life
In a multi-cultural world, reason
is the best tool to settle our
disputes and conflict of interest
Reason leads us to imbibe a
moral life
Moral life becomes the condition
for human flourishing
Moral freedom
Kermit Vandivier’s
Case
Goodrich guaranteed that …
Most generally,
how should we live our lives?
Moral and Non-Moral
Non-moral standards:
• Standards of etiquette
• Standards of the legal community
• Standards of language i.e.
grammatical rules
• Athletic standards
Moral and Non-Moral