LTE Optimisation

- initial view -

Volker Hoehn, VF-TSO-ACC-Design

1 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
LTE Optimization as phased approach to LTE/ONE SON

LTE RNP/
Counter/Field Automated
Measurement Assisted
LTE/ONE
based optimisation SON
optimisation

Æ LTE Radio Network planning based optimization

Æ LTE Network Counter & Field measurement based optimization

• Standard LTE Tools are available for LTE Optimisation today

• Automated Assisted optimisation is an intermediate step to SON

• One (SRAN) SON solution is the target to involve LTE, UMTS, GSM

2 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
LTE Radio Network Planning based initial Optimization

/electrical tilt
/ Throughput

> Distributed antennas on roof top rather than on-mast installations due to strong
back lobes
3 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
 LTE Radio Network Planning based initial Optimization
Intra-site interference due to sector overlapping Inter-site interference

Frequency-Re-use Æ 1

Combination of Mechanical &

Electrical Tilting antennas is an
efficient way of reducing
inter-cell interference
on Intra- and Inter-site cells

Optimisation to mitigate the

Intra-site and Inter-site

Interference

4 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
 Reference Signal (Pilot) pollution to be minimised

critical

5 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
Impact on PDSCH Throughput vs. SINR / 95% Percentile
based on measurements in the LTE800 Network

• Graphs show Peak PDSCH throughput performance of terminal Huawei K5005 vs. SINR with number of measured
Neighbours within 10dB window as a set of curves.
• Neighbour in 10dB window if: [signal-strength of Neighbour Cell] > [signal-strength Serving Cell – 10dB]
• Note the number of samples. Percentile calculation for number of samples below ~50 must be treated with caution
Confidentiality level: C2
6 27 August 2014
 - based initial optimization

7 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
 Challenge is to get
Appropriate Traffic maps

8 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
Example: LTE800 & LTE2600 SINR vs. RSRP before and after optimisation

In the picture you could see the improved interference level for LTE 800 ( dotted line
before optimization ,to solid line after optimization ) in a city, red LTE 800 , LTE 2600 blue

Insert Confidentiality Level in slide

9 footer Confidentiality level: C2
LTE Network Counter & Field measurement based optimization

• Relevant parameters have been identified with default settings from real
implementation as starting point
• Throughput/ Capacity optimisation: e.g. reducing overhead
• Coverage/ Quality (Throughput) optimisation: e.g. optimizing the power
• LTE Mobility / Handover optimization
• Load balancing

10 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
e.g. Reducing overhead by improving the Channel Management - PDCCH

The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) is used for:

ƒ Downlink scheduling assignments, including
• Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) resource indication
• Transport format indication
• Hybrid-ARQ information and transport block size
• Control information related to Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
• PUCCH power control commands if applicable
ƒ Uplink scheduling grants, including
• Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) resource indication
• Transport format indication
• Hybrid-ARQ information
• PUSCH power control commands

¾ Table shows how PDCCH is mapped on OFDM symbols depending on

CFI (Control Format Indicator):

Ericsson
Parameter Description Def. Value
{Range}

nrOfSymbolsPdcch The number of Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols used for the Physical Downlink 1 {1..3}
Control Channel (PDCCH).

Huawei
Parameter Description Def. Value
{Range}

InitPdcchSymNum Indicates the number of OFDM symbols initially occupied by the PDCCH. If PdcchSymNumSwitch is set to 3 {1..4}
OFF, the value of this parameter indicates the number of OFDM symbols occupied by the PDCCH. If
PdcchSymNumSwitch is set to ON, the value of this parameter indicates the number of OFDM symbols
initially occupied by the PDCCH. Then, the number of OFDM symbols occupied by the PDCCH onwards is
dynamically adjusted based on the value of this parameter.

PdcchSymNumSwit IndicatesDesign
LTE Radio&Transport the switch that is used to control whether to enable and disable dynamic adjustment on the number OFF {OFF/ ON}
11
11 chRequirements – SON_VH Confidentiality
of OFDMlevel: C2 occupied by PDCCH.
symbols 27 August 2014
27 August 2014
e.g. Downlink Power settings in particular the Reference Signal Power
Ericsson
Parameter Description Def. Value {Range}

maximumTransmissionPo Maximum possible power at the antenna reference point, for all downlink channels in all TX branches {-1..50} dBm
wer used simultaneously in the cell.
-1 is used as an undefined value.
Note: Setting partOfSectorPower or confOutputPower (MO SectorEquipmentFunction) has an impact on
this attribute.

partOfRadioPower The requested part of the total radio power in the Sector that should be allocated for the cell. The output 100% {0..100} %
power is evenly distributed over the antenna connectors used for TX transmission that are allocated for
the cell.
If the total amount of power per antenna connector is over 100% when the cell is unlocked, an alarm will
be generated.

confOutputPower The requested maximum sector power. 20 Watt

The value represents the sum of the power for all antenna connectors used by the sector. {20,40,60,80,120}
Note: The output power may be limited by the Radio Unit hardware Watt
Huawei
Parameter Description Def. Value {Range}

ReferenceSignalP Indicates the reference signal power of the cell. For details, see 3GPP TS 36.213. 18.2 {-60..50} dBm
wr 15.2 dBm Optimised

Pb Indicates the scaling factor index of the Energy Per Resource Element (EPRE) on the PDSCH. This Single-antenna: 0; double-antenna:
scaling factor is determined by the value of this parameter and the antenna port. For details, see 1 {0..3}
3GPP TS 36.213.

PaPcOff Indicates the PA (=PA) when the power control for the PDSCH is disabled, the downlink ICIC is Dual-antenna or four-antenna: -3
disabled, and the even power distribution is used for the PDSCH. dB
Single antenna: 0 dB
{-6,-4.77,-3, -1.77, 0,1,2,3} dB

CcuPa Indicates the PA value of cell center UEs when DL ICIC is enabled -6 dB {-6,-4.77,-3, -1.77, 0,1,2,3}
dB

CeuPa Indicates the PA value of cell edge UEs when DL ICIC is enabled. -1.77 dB {-6,-4.77,-3,-1.77,0,1,2,3}
dB

PbchPwr Indicates the offset of the PBCH transmit power relative to the reference signal power. -3 dB {79.4..-79.4} dB

PcfichPwr Indicates the offset of the PCFICH transmit power relative to the reference signal power. -3 dB {79.4..-79.4} dB

PwrOffset Indicates the power offset between the PHICH TX power and the RS power. This offset is used 0 dBm {-15..15} dBm
LTE Radio&Transport Design when PHICH power control is disabled.
12
12 Requirements – SON_VH Confidentiality level: C2 27 August 2014
RaRspPwr Indicates
27 August 2014 the offset of the transmit power for the random access responses on the PDSCH channel 0 dB {79.4..-79.4} dB
relative to the reference signal power.
e.g. Downlink Power settings in particular the Reference Signal Power
Huawei (continue)
Parameter Description Def. Value {Range}

PchPwr Indicates the offset of the transmit power for the paging information on the PDSCH channel relative 0 dB {79.4..-79.4} dB
to the reference signal power.

DbchPwr Indicates the offset of the transmit power for broadcast information on the PDSCH channel relative -3 dB {79.4..-79.4} dB
to the reference signal power.

PdcchPcSwitch Indicates the master switch for PDCCH power control. If this switch is turned off, power is allocated OFF {OFF/ ON}
evenly. If this switch is turned on, PDCCH power control is enabled.

DlPcAlgoSwitch Indicates the switches that are used to control whether to enable and disable the power control for PdschSpsPcSwitch:Off
PDSCH, PDCCH, and PHICH. PhichInnerLoopPcSwitch:Off
PdschSpsPcSwitch: if this switch is set to Off, power is uniformly allocated on PDSCH; If this PdcchPcSwitch:Off
switch is turned on, power control is applied during semi-persistent scheduling on the PDSCH,
ensuring communication quality (indicated by IBLER) of VoIP services in QPSK modulation
scheme.
PhichInnerLoopPcSwitch: Indicates the PHICH inner-loop power control switch. If this switch is
turned off, only the initial transmit power on the PHICH is set. If this switch is turned on, the eNodeB
controls the physical channel transmit power to enable the receive SINR to converge to the target
SINR.
PdcchPcSwitch: Indicates the master switch for PDCCH power control. If this switch is turned off,
power is allocated evenly. If this switch is turned on, PDCCH power control is enabled.

Example: LTE Downlink Power Distribution

LTE Radio&Transport Design

13
13 Requirements – SON_VH Confidentiality level: C2 27 August 2014
27 August 2014
e.g. LTE Mobility – Connected Mode (1)
Mobility Management - Overview
ƒ Based on RRC states Mobility Management can be classified into:
ƒ Mobility management in idle mode
ƒ Mobility management in connected mode
ƒ Handover can be classified into:
ƒ Intra-frequency handover
¾ Performed between cells on the same frequency in the LTE system
ƒ Inter-frequency handover
¾ Performed between cells on different frequencies in the LTE system
ƒ Inter-RAT (Radio Access Technology) handover
¾ Performed from LTE to UTRAN/ GERAN/ CDMA2000.
ƒ Based on causes, handover can be classified into the following types:
ƒ Coverage-based handover
¾ To ensure uninterrupted service provision
ƒ Load-based handover
¾ To achieve optimal utilization of system resources
ƒ Frequency-priority-based handover
¾ To ensure continuous coverage of e.g. band 2.6 GHz by sparing the 800 MHz band
ƒ Service-based handover
¾ To steer UEs with only e.g. voice service to another system
ƒ UL-power-based handover
¾ To divert UEs to other RATs in case of unsatisfactory UL signal quality

Mobility Management - Trigger Events for E-UTRA

The trigger events defined for E-UTRA:
ƒ Event A1 – The serving cell becomes better than absolute threshold

see Backup for formulas and usages

ƒ Event A2 – The serving cell becomes worse than absolute threshold
ƒ Event A3 – A neighbour cell becomes better than an offset relative to the serving cell
ƒ Event A4 – A neighbour cell becomes better than absolute threshold
ƒ Event A5 – The serving cell becomes worse than absolute threshold1 and
a neighbour cell becomes better than absolute threshold2
The trigger events for IRAT mobility:
• Event B1 – A neighbour cell becomes better than an absolute threshold
• Event B2 – The serving cell becomes worse than absolute threshold1 and
a neighbour cell becomes better than absolute threshold2
14 Confidentiality level: C2 27 August 2014
27 August 2014
e.g. LTE Mobility – Connected Mode (2)
Mobility Management - Phases for Intra-Frequency Handover
ƒ When a UE establishes a radio bearer, the eNodeB
delivers the measurement configuration to the UE through
an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message.

ƒ Event A3 triggering mechanism

Entering condition: Mn + Ofn + Ocn – Hys > Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Off

Leaving condition: Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Off

15 Confidentiality level: C2 27 August 2014

27 August 2014
e.g. LTE Mobility – Connected Mode (3)
Mobility Management - Phases for Inter-Frequency Handover
ƒ Event A2 triggering mechanism

Measurement gap:
6ms ƒ Event A1 triggering mechanism
Period: n x10ms

ƒ Event A4 triggering mechanism

ƒ Structure of a measurement gap:

LTE Radio&Transport Design

16 Requirements – SON_VH Confidentiality level: C2 27 August 2014
27 August 2014
 e.g. LTE Mobility – Connected Mode (4)
Ericsson
Parameter Description Def. Value {Range}

bestCellReleaseActive Indicates if the best cell release function is active. false

sMeasure Serving cell quality threshold that controls whether the UE is required to perform 0 {-140dBm..-44dBm,0}
measurements. Value 0 disables sMeasure.

filterCoefficientEUtraRsrp The filtering coefficient for E-UTRA using the measured quantity Reference Signal 4 {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9, 11,13,15,17,19}
Received Power (RSRP). The coefficient filters measurements before event evaluation.

filterCoefficientEUtraRsrq The filtering coefficient for E-UTRA using the measured quantity Reference Signal 11 {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9, 11,13,15,17,19}
Received Quality (RSRQ). The coefficient filters measurements before event evaluation.

minBestCellHoAttempts Number of attempts for handover to a cell better than the serving cell, before handover is 1 {1..10}
attempted to the next best cell. If there is no next best cell in the UE report, handover to
the best cell is attempted repeatedly.

a3offset The offset value for eventA3. 3 dB {-15..15} dB

hysteresisA3 The hysteresis value for eventA3. 1 dB {0..15} dB

reportAmountA3 Number of reports when periodical reporting is used. 0

Value of 0 means that reports are sent as long as the event is fulfilled. {0,1,2,4,8,16,32,64}

reportIntervalA3 The interval for event triggered periodical reporting. MS_480

{MS_120, MS_240, MS_480, MS_640,
MS_1024, MS_5120, MS_10240,
MIN_1, MIN_6, MIN_12}

reportQuantityA3 The quantities to include in the measurement report. BOTH

{SAME_AS_TRIGGER_QUANTITY,
BOTH}

timeToTriggerA3 The time to trigger value for eventA3. 640 ms

{0,40,64,80,100,128,160,256,320,480,51
2,640,1024,1280,2560,5120} ms

triggerQuantityA3 The quantity that triggers the event. RSRP {RSRP, RSRQ}

cellIndividualOffsetEUtran Offset value of the neighbour cell. Used when the UE is in connected mode. 0 {-24,-22,-20,-18,-16,-14,-12,
-10,-8,-6,-5,-4,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,8,
10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24}

isHoAllowed Specifies if handover between the cells in this relation is allowed. true

anrCreated Indicates if the MO was created by the Automated Neighbor Relations (ANR) function. false
LTE Radio&Transport Design HANDOVER_AND_CELL_RESELECTION
supportedMobilityRelationType
17
17 Type oflevel:
Confidentiality the mobility
C2 relation. 27 August 2014
Requirements – SON_VH {HANDOVER,
27 August 2014 HANDOVER_AND_CELL_RESELECTION}
e.g. Load Control (1)
Load Control - Overview
ƒ Load control consists of four functions:
ƒ Load monitoring
ƒ Admission control
ƒ Load balancing
ƒ Congestion control
ƒ Right hand figure shows the relationship between above 4
load control functions.

Load Control - Load Monitoring

ƒ Load monitoring checks the usage of cell resources, such as
ƒ Physical Resource Block (PRB) usage
ƒ QoS satisfaction rate of Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR)
services
ƒ Resource limitation indications
ƒ The evaluation result serves as the necessary reference for
ƒ Admission control
ƒ Load balancing
ƒ Congestion control

Load Control – Congestion Control

ƒ The changes in radio channel conditions, UE locations, and packet switched (PS) services may result in the
changes in the occupied resources and cell load.
ƒ When the cell load increases to a certain extent, the cell gets congested. To solve this problem, congestion
control is introduced to control the cell load, ensuring the overall QoS satisfaction rate and system stability.
ƒ When the cell is congested, congestion control releases the GBR services with low energy efficiency rate (EER)
first to make some resources available. If the GBR service release is unsuccessful or the service release switch is
turned off, the GBR service rate downsizing is required.
ƒ The energy efficiency rate (EER) is used to indicate the efficiency of the PRB and power resources occupied by a
UE to achieve a certain transmission rate. The EER depends on the following factors:
ƒ Total amount of data transmitted or received by the UE
ƒ Total number of PRBs used by the UE to transmit or receive data
ƒ Downlink power used for data transmission

18 Confidentiality level: C2 27 August 2014

27 August 2014
e.g. Load Control (2)
Load Control – Admission Control
ƒ The eNodeB checks the UE capability. If the UE capability is low, it will not be admitted. If the UE capability is high,
the eNodeB proceeds to the following step.
ƒ The eNodeB checks whether the required resources are limited.
ƒ If the PUCCH resource or sounding resource is limited, services will not be admitted.
ƒ If the resource for semi-persistent scheduling is limited or a congestion indication is received, the eNodeB
makes a decision based on the status of a preemption switch.
ƒ If all resources are not limited, the eNodeB proceeds to the following step.
ƒ The eNodeB makes uplink
admission decision and
downlink admission
decision based on the
service type (GBR or
non-GBR services; see
extra Flow Chart).
ƒ Admission is successful
when services can be
admitted in both the
uplink and the downlink.
ƒ This admission control
process does not apply
to an emergency call
because an emergency
call has the highest
admission priority

19 Confidentiality level: C2 27 August 2014

27 August 2014
e.g. Load Control (3)
Load Control – Load Balancing by load based Handovers
ƒ Target: ƒ Scenarios:
ƒ Improve system capacity
ƒ Ensure user QoS satisfaction rate
ƒ Functionality:
ƒ load based Intra-Frequency Handovers
ƒ load based Inter-Frequency Handovers
ƒ load based Inter-RAT Handovers to UMTS/GSM.

Load Control – Intra-frequency Load Balancing

ƒ Objective
ƒ Make UEs in the high load cell Intra-frequency handover to low load cell.
ƒ Functionalities
ƒ Parameter Cell Individual Offset (CIO) modification
ƒ HO execute, the same as coverage based HO

20
20 Confidentiality level: C2 27 August 2014
27 August 2014
e.g. Load Control (4)
Ericsson
Parameter Description Def. Value {Range}

dlNonGbrRatio This parameter sets the wanted downlink resource utilization ratio of Non-GBR bearers, e.g. for Mobile 50% {0..100}%
Broadband users, on transport network. The value given in this parameter specifies the Non-GBR part of the
total bandwidth and the remaining part (1-dlNonGbrRatio) sets the GBR part of the total bandwidth. The
parameter will be used by the Admission Control to balance GBR and Non-GBR use of resources.
ulNonGbrRatio This parameter sets the wanted uplink resource utilization ratio of Non-GBR bearers, e.g. for Mobile 50% {0..100}%
Broadband users, on transport network. The value given in this parameter specifies the Non-GBR part of the
total bandwidth and the remaining part (1-ulNonGbrRatio) sets the GBR part of the total bandwidth. The
parameter will be used by the Admission Control to balance GBR and Non-GBR use of resources.

dlTransNwBandwidt Downlink transport network bandwidth for LTE. 1000Mbps {0..1000}

h Mbps

ulTransNwBandwidt Uplink transport network bandwidth for LTE. 1000Mbps {0..1000}

h Mbps

resourceType Indicates if the resource type of the Quality of Service Class Indicator (QCI) is Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) or {NON_GBR, GBR}
non-GBR as defined in 3GPP TS 23.203.

paArpOverride Allocation Retention Priority level received from the Core Network that eNB interprets as the identifier for 7 {0..15}
Privileged Access.
The value zero will disable Privileged Access ARP override.

Huawei
Parameter Description Def. Value {Range}

PreemptionArpThd Indicates the Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP) threshold for pre-emption. The services whose ARP values 5 {1..15}
are larger than or equal to the value of this parameter are pre-emptable.

GoldServiceArpThd Indicates the Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP) threshold for the Golden-level services. A service is defined 5 {1..15}
as a Golden-level service if its ARP value is smaller than this threshold. The service priority has a negative
correlation with the ARP value.

SilverServiceArpThd ndicates the Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP) threshold for the Silver-level services. A service is defined 10 {1..15}
as a Silver-level service if its ARP value is smaller than or equal to the value of this parameter and is larger than
the value of GoldServiceArpThd. A service is defined as a Copper-level service if its ARP value is larger than the
value of this parameter. The service priority has a negative correlation with the ARP value.

Qci1HoThd Indicates the admission threshold for the handed-over service with QCI of 1. This threshold applies to both UL 90% {10..99}%
and DL.
If the satisfaction rate of services with QCI of 1 is above or equal to this threshold, the handed-over service with
LTE Radio&Transport Design QCI of 1 can be admitted.
21 If the
Requirements – SON_VH satisfaction rate of services with QCI
Confidentiality of 1C2
level: is below this threshold, the handed-over
27 Augustservice
2014 with QCI of 1
27 August 2014 cannot be admitted.
e.g. Load Control (5)
Huawei
Parameter Description Def. Value {Range}
NewGoldServiceOffset Indicates the offset for admission of new Gold-level services. The value of this parameter applies in both UL and DL. New 5% {0..90}%
Gold-level services and handed-over services with QCI N can be admitted if both the following conditions are met: (1) The
satisfaction rate of services with QCI N is higher than or equal to the sum of this offset and the admission threshold for the
handed-over services with QCI N; (2) The satisfaction rate of services with any other QCI is higher than the corresponding
admission threshold for the handed-over services with that QCI. If the satisfaction rate of services with any QCI is lower
than its corresponding admission threshold for handed-over services with that QCI, the new services cannot be admitted.

NewSilverServiceOffset Indicates the offset for admission of new Silver-level services. The value of this parameter applies in both UL and DL. New 5% {0..90}%
Silver-level services and handed-over services with QCI N can be admitted if both the following conditions are met: (1) The
satisfaction rate of services with QCI N is higher than or equal to the sum of this offset and the admission threshold for the
handed-over services with QCI N; (2) The satisfaction rate of services with any other QCI is higher than the corresponding
admission threshold for the handed-over services with that QCI. If the satisfaction rate of services with any QCI is lower
than its corresponding admission threshold for handed-over services with that QCI, the new services cannot be admitted.

NewCopperServiceOffset Indicates the offset for admission of new Copper-level services. The value of this parameter applies in both UL and DL. 5% {0..90}%
New Copper-level services and handed-over services with QCI N can be admitted if both the following conditions are met:
(1) The satisfaction rate of services with QCI N is higher than or equal to the sum of this offset and the admission
threshold for the handed-over services with QCI N; (2) The satisfaction rate of services with any other QCI is higher than
the corresponding admission threshold for the handed-over services with that QCI. If the satisfaction rate of services with
any QCI is lower than its corresponding admission threshold for handed-over services with that QCI, the new services
cannot be admitted.

GbrRbUsedHighThd Indicates the highest proportion of PRB resources that GBR services are allowed to use. The value of this parameter is 95% {0..100}%
expressed in percentage and applies in both UL and DL. When LCEM_RAC_ALG_GBR_USAGE_SWITCH is turned on,
new GBR services cannot be admitted if the proportion of PRB resources used by the ongoing GBR services is higher
than the value of this parameter.

GbrRbUsedLowThd Indicates the lowest proportion of PRB resources that GBR services are allowed to use. The value of this parameter is 90% {0..100}%
expressed in percentage and applies in both UL and DL. After an indication of high resource usage by GBR services is
reported, an indication of low usage can be reported only when the proportion of resources used by the ongoing GBR
services becomes lower than the value of this parameter.

DlRbLowThd Indicates the threshold for deciding on whether the DL resource block (RB) usage is low. This threshold applies to DL 90% {10..100}%
admission decision. If the usage of the DL RB reported by the MAC layer is below this threshold, the usage of the DL RB
is assumed to be low.

DlRbHighThd Indicates the threshold for deciding on whether the DL resource block (RB) usage is high. This threshold applies to DL 95% {10..100}%
admission decision. If the usage of the DL RB reported by the MAC layer is above this threshold, the DL RB usage is
assumed to be high.

UlRbLowThd Indicates the threshold for deciding on whether the UL RB usage is low. It applies to UL admission decision. If the UL RB 90% {10..100}%
usage reported by the MAC layer is below this threshold, the UL RB usage is assumed to be low.

UlRbHighThd Indicates the threshold for deciding on whether the UL RB usage is high. This threshold applies to UL admission decision. 95% {10..100}%
If the UL RB usage reported by the MAC layer is above this threshold, the UL RB usage is assumed to be high.

22 Confidentiality level: C2 27 August 2014

27 August 2014
e.g. Load Control (6)
Huawei
Parameter Description Def. Value {Range}

Qci1CongThd Indicates the congestion threshold for services with QCI of 1. This threshold applies to both UL and DL. 65% {0..99}%
If the satisfaction rate of services with QCI of 1 in the cell becomes lower than this threshold, the services with QCI of 1 enter
the congested state.
If the satisfaction rate of services with QCI of 1 in the cell becomes higher than the sum of this threshold and the congestion
relief offset, the services with QCI of 1 leave the congested state.

CongRelOffset Indicates the offset used in congestion relief for different types of service. After the network is congested for services with a 20% {0..50}%
specific QCI, the congestion is relieved if the satisfaction rate of the service is above the sum of this offset and the
congestion threshold for the service, or the congestion is retained if the satisfaction rate is lower than the sum.

LdcMeaArpThd Indicates the priority threshold of the low energy efficiency ratio service. If the priority (ARP value) of a service is lower than 10 {1..15}
this threshold, the service is not released during the low energy efficiency ratio control in case of congestion.

GoldGbrCongProportion Indicates the rate reduction proportion for Gold-level GBR services. When congestion occurs, the rate that the scheduling 90% {1..100}%
algorithm provides for Gold-level GBR services (except VoIP services) is the product of GBR and this proportion.

SilverGbrCongProportion Indicates the rate reduction proportion for Silver-level GBR services. When congestion occurs, the rate that the scheduling 90% {1..100}%
algorithm provides for Silver-level GBR services (except VoIP services) is the product of the GBR and this proportion.

CopperGbrCongProportion Indicates the rate reduction proportion for Copper-level GBR services. When congestion occurs, the rate that the scheduling 90% {1..100}%
algorithm provides for Copper-level GBR services (except VoIP services) is the product of GBR and this proportion.

Load based Handover

MlbAlgoSwitch Indicates the load balancing switch, which is used to enable and disable the load balancing algorithm. There are six load For recommended
balancing switches, which are used to control intra-frequency active, intra-frequency idle, inter-frequency, UTRAN, GERAN, values see next
and CDMA2000 load balancing. page
If IntraFreqActiveMLBSwitch is set to ON, the intra-frequency active load balancing is enabled and hence {IntraFreqActiveMlb
IntraFreqIdleMLBSwitch becomes valid. If IntraFreqActiveMLBSwitch is set to OFF, the intra-frequency active load balancing Switch,
is disabled and hence IntraFreqIdleMLBSwitch does not take effect. InterFreqMlbSwitch,
If InterFreqMLBSwitch is set to ON, the inter-frequency load balancing is enabled. If InterFreqMLBSwitch is set to OFF, the UtranMlbSwitch,
inter-frequency load balancing is disabled. GeranMlbSwitch,
If UtranMlbSwitch is set to ON, the UTRAN load balancing is enabled. If UtranMlbSwitch is set to OFF, the UTRAN load CdmaMlbSwitch,
balancing is disabled. IntraFreqIdleMlbSwit
If GeranMlbSwitch is set to ON, the GERAN load balancing is enabled. If GeranMlbSwitch is set to OFF, the GERAN load ch}
balancing is disabled.
If CdmaMlbSwitch is set to ON, the CDMA2000 load balancing is enabled. If CdmaMlbSwitch is set to OFF, the CDMA2000
load balancing is disabled.
If IntraFreqIdleMLBSwitch and IntraFreqActiveMLBSwitch are both set to ON, the intra-frequency idle load balancing is
enabled. If either switch is set to OFF, the intra-frequency idle load balancing is disabled.

23
23 Confidentiality level: C2 27 August 2014
27 August 2014
e.g. Load Control (7)
Huawei
Parameter Desc Rec. Value {Range}
r

Load base
HO

MlbAlgoSwitc see It is recommended that IntraFreqActiveMlbSwitch and IntraFreqIdleMlbSwitch be set to OFF, when the cell load is light in an early stage
h previof network deployment (that is, the average cell load is lower than 50%) and there is no obvious imbalance in the cell loads (that is, the
ous load difference between cells is lower than the related threshold).
page It is recommended that IntraFreqActiveMlbSwitch and IntraFreqIdleMlbSwitch be set to ON when the cell load is heavy (that is, the
average load in the cell exceeds IntraFreqMlbThd) and there is an imbalance in the cell loads (that is, the load difference between cells
exceeds the related threshold). Huawei
It is recommended that InterFreqMlbSwitch be set to OFF when the cell load is light in an early stage of network deployment (that is, the
Parameter Description Def. Value
average cell load is lower than 50%) and there is no obvious imbalance in the cell loads (that is, the load difference between cells is
{Range}
lower than the related threshold).
It is recommended that InterFreqMlbSwitch be set to ON when the cell load is heavy (that is, the average load in the cell exceeds
Load based Handover
InterFreqMlbThd) and there is an imbalance in the cell loads (that is, the load difference between cells exceeds the related threshold).
InterFreqLoadBasedHoA4ThdR Indicatesthat
It is recommended theUtranMlbSwitch,
RSRP thresholdGeranMlbSwitch
for event A4 related
andto load- or frequency-priority-based
CdmaMlbSwitch inter-frequency
be all set to OFF when the cell load is light -103
in andBm
early
srp handover.
stage of network When the
deployment measured
(that RSRP value
is, the average exceeds
cell load this
is lower threshold,
than 70%). an inter-frequency measurement {-141..-44} dBm
It is recommended that UtranMlbSwitch, GeranMlbSwitch reportand
mayCdmaMlbSwitch
be sent. be all set to ON when the cell load is heavy (for
example, the average cell load exceeds InterRatMlbThd)
InterFreqLoadBasedHoA4ThdR ndicates the RSRQ threshold for event A4 related to load- or frequency-priority-based inter-frequency -9 dB
{IntraFreqActiveMlbSwitch, InterFreqMlbSwitch, UtranMlbSwitch, GeranMlbSwitch, CdmaMlbSwitch, IntraFreqIdleMlbSwitch}
srq handover. When the measured RSRQ value exceeds this threshold, an inter-frequency measurement {-20..-3} dB
report may be sent. (actual)
Step is 0.5 dB or {-40..-6} (GUI)

IntraFreqMlbThd Indicates the threshold for triggering the intra-frequency load balancing algorithm. This parameter is 60% {1..100}%
used with the load offset. That is, if the load is higher than the sum of the threshold and the load offset,
the algorithm is triggered; if the load is lower than the load threshold, the algorithm is stopped.

InterFreqMlbThd Indicates the threshold for triggering the inter-frequency load balancing algorithm. This parameter is 60% {1..100}%
used with the load offset. That is, if the load is higher than the sum of the threshold and the load offset,
the algorithm is triggered; if the load is lower than the load threshold, the algorithm is stopped.

LoadOffset Indicates the offset used in evaluation of whether to trigger MLB. To prevent the impact of load 8% {1..50}%
fluctuations on the decision to trigger or stop the MLB algorithm, an offset needs to be set between the
entering and leaving conditions of MLB. That is, MLB is triggered when the load is higher than the sum
of the associated load balancing threshold and the offset.

24
24 Confidentiality level: C2 27 August 2014
27 August 2014
LTE Network Planning, Deployment, Operation and Expansion Process & SON
Phases using SON features
Initial
Network Planning Phase
Deployment Phase Operation Phase Expansion Phase

• Initial Planning • Review Planning

• Self-Optimization
Æ Coverage & • Self-Configuration
• Self configuration Æ ANR
capacity based • Self-Optimization
• Self-Optimization Æ MRO/MLB
on target figures Æ ANR
Æ ANR Æ RFSP/CCO
Æ Site locations Æ MRO/MLB
Æ MRO Æ ICIC/RACHOPT
Æ Antennas & Æ RFSP/CCO
Æ RFSP/CCO Æ PCI SP
configurations Æ ICIC/RACHOPT
Æ ICIC Æ ES
Æ Physical Cell ID Æ PCI SP
Æ PCI SP Æ MDT
(PCI) Æ ES
Æ MDT • Self-Healing
Æ Tracking Area Æ MDT
Æ CODC
(TA)

ANR: Automatic Neighbour Relations – available (UE support needed

MRO: Mobile Robustness Optimization (Handover optimization)
Initial Planning MLB: Mobile Load Balancing
and RFSP: RF Self Optimization based on RSRP/RSRQ
Review Planning CCO: Coverage & Capacity Optimization
ICIC: Inter-Cell Interference Coordination
involve RACHOPT: RACH Optimization
Planning tools PCISP: PCI Self Optimization
including MDT: Minimizing of Drive Tests
Data bases ES: Energy Saving
CODC: Cell Outage Detection and Compensation
25 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
 MCC MNC LAC CI

Location Area Identification

Cell Global Identification (CGI)

26 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
 Cell A
PCI=2
LTE Radio&Transport Design CGI=17
27 Requirements – SON_VH Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
28 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
29 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
30 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
31 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
32 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014
33 Confidentiality level: C2
27 August 2014