Seismic Well Tie

• Sonic calibration
• Synthetics Seismogram Generation
• Wavelet toolbox
• Multiwavelets (new in 2014)
Sonic Calibration
Importance of sonic calibration

 Sonic logs are prone to errors due to several factors, such as hole conditions.
 The main goal of sonic calibration is reconciling seismic (checkshot) times and
integrating sonic times for any given depth in a well.
 Sonic calibration is essential for providing more accurate time/depth relationship.
 Using sonic calibration avoids arbitrary stretch to the synthetic seismogram.
Calibrate a Sonic Log

1. In the Seismic-well calibration group on the Seismic

interpretation domain tab, click Seismic well tie. The 1
Seismic well tie dialog box opens.
2. In the Seismic well tie dialog box, select Sonic
calibration as the study type and select the well to use.
3. Select the default sonic calibration template. 2
4. Select the parameters on the various tabs in the dialog 3
box. (These tabs are discussed in the next section.) 4
5. When you are satisfied with the parameters, click OK. A
Well section window opens where you can calibrate
your sonic log.
Sonic calibration study template (1)

After defining the inputs and datums correctly, click Apply in the Seismic well tie dialog box.
Automatically, output data is created virtually (but it is not stored yet in the Input pane). Also, a Well
section window opens with a default template.
The default tracks are
 Checkshots, Drift, and Knees

 Residual drift

 Sonic (original and calibrated)

 Two-Way Time, Average Velocity, and Interval Velocity of the input checkshots
Sonic calibration study template (2)

Checkshot Initial knee point Output interval velocity (red) Input TWT
interval velocity (blue)

Drift Input interval velocity

Residual drift

Calibrated sonic / Original Sonic Input average velocity

Sonic calibration through global well logs

Use this method to calibrate multiple wells simultaneously.

1. Right-click the Global well logs folder in the Wells
folder and select Create corrected sonic log. The
Settings dialog box opens. 2
2. Open the Correction tab and select the
uncorrected sonic log from drop-down list. 3
4
3. Use the blue arrow to drop in the required
checkshots data.
1
4. Define the correction curve using Least squares
polynomial (orange curve in the figure overleaf) or
Cubic spline.
Well calibration

 The sonic calibration aligns the derived sonic times to the time values from the checkshot data.
 This alignment removes drift in the sonic log by
adjusting the correction curve to the data points.
 The Least square polynomial correction curve
option fits a smooth curve to the data without
matching the points exactly, which results in a
residual error.
 The Cubic spline option matches the checkshot
points exactly (marked as green horizontal lines
in the well section in the figure).
 There is the risk of creating artificial reflectors
in a final synthetic trace if the trace is generated.
QC sonic calibration (1)

The correction curve used to fit the drift points can be modified for
individual wells. Often, some wells require a different fitting algorithm
to approximate the drift points properly.

1. In the Input pane, navigate to Corrected sonic, open the

Settings dialog box.
2. Open the Corrections tab.
QC sonic calibration (2)

3. Select the Override global settings option.

4. Select a polynomial function of a different order or a cubic spline

function.

5. Check the result in the Well section window.

Exercise
Synthetic Seismogram Generation
Synthetic seismogram

 Synthetic seismograms are the bridges between geological information (well data in
depth) and geophysical information (seismic in time).
 The Synthetic generation workflow used in the Seismic well tie includes the ability to
tie a synthetic seismic trace with seismic data.
 You can access a Synthetic generation study from the Seismic well tie dialog box by
selecting this workflow in the Type of Study box.
Synthetic seismogram generation (1)

1. Open the Seismic well tie dialog box from the Seismic-well calibration group on Seismic
interpretation domain tab.
2. Create a new study.
1
3. Select Synthetic generation as Type of study.
4. Select the well.

3
4
Synthetic seismogram generation (2)

5. Drop in an existing wavelet or open the wavelet toolbox to create a new wavelet. If
you do not have a wavelet available, create a wavelet by clicking the Launch
wavelet toolbox icon in the Seismic well tie dialog box.

6. Drop in seismic data.

7. Specify the seismic display
6
position.
7
Synthetic seismogram generation (3)

8. Choose a Reflectivity coefficient calculation method and associated input data.

9. Click Apply on the Seismic well tie dialog box. A Well section window opens,
showing the output result.
Synthetic seismogram generation (4)

1 2 3 4 5 4 6 7 8 9

10
Time varying wavelet (1)

 This tool is useful to address the phenomenon

of decreasing frequencies and amplitudes at
deeper seismic data.
 A Time varying wavelet can be useful for
applying existing wavelets over different time
intervals to generate a synthetic.
 This functionality can be accessed on the
Input tab in the Seismic well tie dialog box of
the Synthetic generation study.
Time varying wavelet (2)

In the Time varying wavelet dialog box, specify time ranges or time intervals over which
a series of wavelets can be used to generate the synthetic. You can create as many as
ten time ranges represented in a dynamic table.
Synthetic seismogram template

Wavelet
Seismic Track Seismic Track
Synthetic Track Correlation Track

Int Vel Track

Reflectivity

Drift Track

Input Logs Well Trajectory Input/output Int Vel Track

Correlation track (1)

 The Correlation tool provides information for a

better seismic synthetic match.
 This tool calculates the cross-correlation
between synthetic and seismic, which is
achieved by calculating the time shift to be
applied to the synthetic.
Correlation track (2)

 The Correlation display looks like seismic data and uses similar display mechanisms, but it is
NOT seismic and must not be compared with seismic.
 When you place the cursor over the Correlation track, you can read the inline and crossline
positions, the correlation value that corresponds with the mouse position (Current position),
and the Max correlation from the box labeled in the upper right side of the track.
Correlation lag (1)

The lag value at any point in the Correlation track is the time shift applied to the
synthetic to move it into the position where it was when the correlation values were
calculated.
Correlation lag (2)

 The time lag window is defined in the

Correlation tab in the Window
section.
 For example, if you define a Start time
of 1,800 ms and an End time of 2,200
ms, the time lag window is 400 ms.
 The Correlation track displays 200 ms
below and 200 ms above.
Correlation tab

This tab controls the display parameters of the

Correlation track. It has three main sections:
 Window

 Trace

 Phase mistie.

You can specify your preferences, such as Start time

and End time, visualize the trace, or compute a
phase mis-tie in the wavelet phase to improve the
synthetic/seismic tie.
Based on the options that you select, the correlation
between the seismic traces and the synthetic is
updated.
Integrated seismic well tie

The Integrated seismic well tie study is an

integrated process in which Sonic Calibration and
Synthetic Generation is done simultaneously using
the same Well section window.
The sonic calibration and synthetic generation
parameters are defined together to run an
integrated seismic well tie study.
Integrated seismic well tie study template
Integrated seismic well tie study displays Sonic Calibration and Synthetic Generation using the
same Well section window canvas.
SONIC CALIBRATION + SYNTHETIC GENERATION

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Wavelet Toolbox
Multiwavelets (new in 2014)
Wavelet toolbox

 The Wavelet toolbox integrates all related processes (Wavelet extraction, Wavelet Builder, and Wavelet viewer) in a
single canvas.
 It provides an easy interactive tool for wavelet extraction.

Method and algorithm

Displayed Wavelet list

Parameters of
extraction/generation

Visualizations

Operations
Multiwavelet

 Wavelet Average is a new algorithm

under Multiwavelet methods in the
Wavelet toolbox.
 It calculates an average wavelet from a
set of selected wavelets.
Average
 Define the length and sample
interval of the average wavelet.
 There is an additional option to invert the
polarity of the resultant wavelet.
Exercise