1 Why are lack of fusion images perfectly straight?

Explain

Lack of Root Fusion is the failure of the root face or root area base material to be melted and fused to
the deposited weld metal, or we can say it is the result of elongated voids between the weld metal or
base metal. That’s why this discontinuity will appear as a sharp straight line along the edge of the root
pass.

2. Why are crack images not straight? Explain

These may occur by tearing of the metal when it is in the plastic condition (hot crack) or by fracture
when cold (stress crack). In some materials cracks can occur as a delayed process long after welding is
complete, usually in the heat- affected zone. Cracks show on radiographs as thin dark lines with a
characteristic wavy or broken appearance. This appearance is caused by the twisting of the crack along
its length, which presents a varying width to radiation source.

3. What is the difference between centerline surface crack and centerline crack in the radiograph? Why
is this?