Gurbani Viakaran Course PDF

Åsiqgur pRswid]
gurbwxI ivAwkrx
GURBANI
VIAKARAN
(A Comprehensive Course in Gurbani Grammar)
Prepared & Published by:
Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji Academy

gu r bwxI ivAwkrx - Gurbani Viakaran
Part 3 of Advance Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji Course
Module : Introduction & Basic Grammer of Gurbani
gurbwxI ivAwkrx
Gurbani Viakaran
MODULE 1
Content
1.0 Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji’s Gurbani
2.0 Need for the knowledge of Viakaran (Grammar).
3.0 SbdW dI vMf (Division of Words in Grammar)
4.0 mukqw (Mukta)
4.1 iek-vcn Aqy bhu-vcn (Singular & Plural)

4.1.1 ivSySx (Adjective)
4.2 iesqRI-ilMg nwvW (Feminine Nouns)

4.3 sMboDn kwrk (Vocative Case)
4.4 sMBMD kwrk (Possessive Case)
4.5 sMbMDkI pd (Prepositions)
Gurbani Kav -‐ Module 1 Page 2

1.0. Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji’s Gurbani
It is the opinion of ordinary people that the syllables used in the end of
words written in Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji has no significants in
denoting the respective meanings. However, after in depth study one
shall realise that each and every syllable written on the last consonant
of a word not only has a specific order but also defines the meaning of
the word which relates to the overall meaning of the sentence.
Ignorance of the above fact results the misinterpretation of the

meaning as well as the wrong pronunciation of Gurbani. This further
leads to the errors in printing of Gurbani which misses out the
syllables and the subscript consonants and numbers.
The result of the above trend will have a great impact on the future
generations as the authentic meanings of Gurbani will be lost and
many may interpret Gurbani baselessly and directed to the writer’s
opinion. This will cause enormous damage in Gurbani reading as well
as understanding.
Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji Academy has emerged to educate and

enhance the knowledge of Gurbani through authentic and approved
approach in reviving the concepts as well as the practices in reading
and understanding Gurbani. Therefore this module aims to understand
in depth the grammar of Gurbani.
2.0 Need for the knowledge of Viakaran (Grammar).
1. To appreciate the grammar of Gurbani by understanding the

principals of the composition
2. To learn technique of grammer used in Gurbani.
3. To understand the meanings of words through grammatical
approach adopted in Gurbani.
4. To appreciate Gurbani with the correct pronunciation and
punctuation in accordance to the grammatical rules.
5. To have enough knowledge of the structure of Sri Guru
Granth Sahib Ji in terms of its marvellous and outstanding

literature which completes the entire world’s knowledge and

goes beyond boundaries of excellent compositions.

3.0 SbdW dI vMf (Division of Words in Grammar)
nWv (Noun) - jo Sbd iksy ivSyS jIv, QW jW vsqU dw igAwn krwvy,

aus nUM nWv AwKdy hn[ ijvyN :- mohn, Gr, kursI,
sMq, mn, AMnHw, bwbw Awid[
A word (other than a pronoun) or group of words
used to name or identify any of a class of persons,
places, or things (common noun), or a particular
one of these (proper noun).
pVnWv - ijhV Sbd nWv dI QW vrqy jwx, aus nUM pVnWv AwKdy
(Pronoun) hn[ ijvy:- mYN, AsIN, qUM, qusIN, Aqy auh Awid[
A word used instead of a noun already mentioned
or known, esp. to avoid repetition (e.g. we, their,
this, ourselves).
iekvcn - jdo koeI Sbd kyvl iek vsqU jW jIv dw igAwn krwvy
(Singular) qW ies nUM iekvcn AwKdy hn[ ijvy:- A`K, pu`qR,
QwlI[
A singular word or form.
bhu v cn - jdoN koeI Sbd iek qoN izAwdw vsqUAW jW jIvW dw

(Plural) igAwn krwvy qoN ausnUM bhuvcn AwKdy hW[ ibMdI sihq
kMnw bhuvcn bxwauNdw hY[ ijvy:- guris`KW, BweIAW,
rwgW, BgqW Awid[ bhuvcnI nWvW Aqy sMboDkW dI
ibhwrI dw aucwrx ibMdI sihq krn nwl ies nUM
bhuvcn bxwauNdW hY[ ijvy:- puqRIN, gurisKIN, chuckIN,
Awid[
(of a word or form) Denoting more than one.

pu i lM g - jdoN iksy Sbd qoN purKvwck jIvW jW vsqU dw igAwn

(Masculine) hovy qW ies nUM puilMg AwKdy hn[ ijvyN :- lVkw, GoVw[
Of or denoting the gender proper to words or
grammatical forms classified as male.
iesqR I ilM g - jdoN iksy Sbd qoN mwdw Bwv vwly jIv / jIvW jW vsqU /
(Feminine) vsqUAW dw igAwn hovy, qW ies nUM iesqRIilMg AwKdy
hn[ ijvy:- lVkI, GoVI, kursI, rwxI Awid[
Of or denoting the gender proper to words or
grammatical forms classified as female.
pu r K - au ` q m pu r K (First Person) ijvyN :- mYN Aqy AsIN[

mDm pu r K (Second Person) :- qUM Aqy qusIN[
AnX pu r K (Third Person) :- auh, aus, auhnW, Awid[
sbM D k - ijhVw Sbd nWv / pVnWv / ivSySx nwl Awky iehnW

(Preposition) dw sbMD dUsry Awey SbdW nwl bxwvy, aus nUM sbMDk
AwKdy hn[ ijvyN :- kw, ky, kI, dw, dy, dI, nUM, nwl,
nyVy, dUr Awid[
A word governing (and usu. preceding) a noun or
pronoun and expressing a relation to another word
or element, e.g. ‘came after dinner’, ‘what did
you do it for’.
Xo j k - jo do SbdW jW vwkW nMU Awps iv`c joVy, aus nUM Xojk

(kwrk) AwKdy hn[ ijvyN:- Aqy, pr, qW, ikauNik, jykr Awid[
(Conjuction) A word used to connect clauses or sentences or
words in the same clause (e.g. and, but, if).
sM b o D k - iksy ivSyS ivAkqI ƒ sMboDn krn leI vriqAw igAw

Sbd, (To call upon someone) sMboDk AwiKAw jWdw hY;

ijvyN :- mohn, pRIqmw, AMDy, mUVy, ijMduVIey Awid[ ies

qoN bwAd ‘!’ ivsimk dw icMnH lgwieAw jWdw hY[
ivSy S x - jo Sbd nWv jW pVnWv dI ivSySqw kry, aus ƒ ivSySx

(Adjectives) AwKdy hn[ ijvyN :- Cotw, motw, kwlw, mYlw Awid[
A word or phrase naming an attribute, added to or
grammatically related to a noun.
ikirAw - jo Sbd iksy kMm dy hox ƒ pRgt kry; ijvy :- bYTxw,

(Verb) Kwnw, suxnw, Awid[ ikirAw, iekvcn,
bhuvcn,iesqRIilMg, puilMg Aqy kwl Anuswr vrqI jWdI
hY[ ies krky ies dw aucwrx bhuq iDAwn mMgdw hY[
‘ikirAw’ AwigAw, hukm, bynqI, ie`Cw, Awid ƒ pRgt
krdI hY[ ijvyN :- qusI nwm jpo[ qUM skUl jw[ jwxw
ikrAw hY pr ‘jw’ hukmI ikirAw hY[ mYnUM pwxI dy Aqy
mYnUM do rupey idE Awid iv`c dy Aqy idE ikirAw, hukm
Aqy bynqI drswauNdIAW hn[
A word used to indicate an action, state, or
occurrence, and forming the main part or the
predicate of a sentence (e.g. hear, be, happen).
ikirAw - jo Sbd iksy ikirAw dI ivSySqw d`sdy hn[ijvyN:- qyz

ivSy S x dOVnw, svyry jwgxw, QoVHw Kwxw Awid[ ieQy qyz, svyr
(Adverb) Aqy QoVHw ikirAw ivSySx hn[
A word or phrase that modifies or qualifies
another word or a word-group, expressing a
relation of place, time, manner, cause degree, etc.
(e.g. gently, quite, then, there).
kwrk - iksy vwk iv`c nWv jW pVnWv dw ikirAw nwl sMbMD
(Case) krvwaux vwly Sbd ƒ kwrk ikhw jWdw hY; ijvyN:- ny,
ƒ, leI, vwsqy, iv`c, qoN, au`qy, kolo, dy, dI, dIAW,

duAwrw Awid[ sMboDn kwrk nWv dw auh rUp hY jo iksy

ƒ sMboDn krn leI vriqAw jwvy; ijvy:- ey, auey
muMifAw, Brwvw, s`jxw, Bgqw, s`jxo, Bgqo, BweIE
Awid sMboDn kwrk hn[
The relation of a word to other words in a
sentence.
A form of a noun, adjective, or pronoun
expressing this.
4.0 mukqw (Mukta)
4.1 iek-vcn Aqy bhu-vcn (Singular & Plural)
ijnHW nwvW dy AMq iv`c AONkV hovy Eh Awm krky iek-vcn

(singular) huMdy hn[ aunHW dw bhu-vcn (plural) bxwn leI AMqly
A~Kr nwloN AONkV lwh ky mukqw kIqw jWdw hY[ijvyN-
Sbd gurbwxI pMgqI Aqy vyrvw

ny h - “iqn nyhu lgw rb syqI” (vwr Awsw)
“siB kUVY qutY nyh” (sRI rwg m: 1)
pihlI quk ivc ‘nyhu’ iek-vcn hY qy dUjI quk ivc bhu-vcn hox
krky AMqly ‘h’ nwloN AONkV lih igAw hY[
In the first line the word nyhu denotes singular with the
aungkar and the same word in the second line without any
syllables (nyh)becomes plural.
qwp - “siqguir qwpu auqwirAw]” (soriT m: 5)

“qwp rog gey gur bcnI” (soriT m: 5)
pihlI quk ivc ‘qwpu’ iek-vcn hY[
dUjI quk ivc bhu-vcn hox krky ‘qwp’ ho igAw hY[
In the first line the word qwpu denotes singular with the
aungkar and the same word in the second line without any
syllables (qwp) becomes plural.
du A wr - “nau drvwjy dsvw duAwru” (gauVI m: 1)

“hukim sMjogI giV ds duAir” (gauVI m: 1)
pM i fq - “pMifq pVY bMDn moh bwDw” (sRI rwg m: 3)

“mUrK pMifq ihkmiq hujiq sMjY krih ipAwr]” (vwr Awsw)
jn - “jnu rwqw hir nwm kI syvw]” (suKmnI)

“pRB kau ishrih sy jn prvwn]” (suKmnI)
pq - “squ sMqoKu pqu kir JolI jogI]” (rwmklI m: 3)

“Bau Bwau duie pq lwie jogI]” (rwmklI m: 3)
vwr - “iQiq vwru n jogI jwxY]” (jpu)

“rwqI ruqI iQqI vwr]” (jpu)
4.1.1
ivSySx (Adjective)
bhuvwck nWv dy ivSySx (Adjective) dw BI
AMqlw A~Kr mukqw huMdw hY, ijvyN-
Aink - “Aink iblws krq mnmohn” (gauVI mwlw m: 5)
Amu l - “Amul gux Amul vwpwr]” (jpu)
4.2 iesqRI-ilMg nwvW (Feminine Nouns)

iesqRI-ilMg nwvW (Feminine nouns) dy AMq ivc AONkV nhIN huMdw

mukqw huMdw hY:-
ivK - “iek ivK n clih swiQ]” (vwr gauVI m: 5)
dy h - “mnu qnu dyh suKwlI]” (soriT m: 5)
swr - “kml kI swr nhI mUil pweI]” (sRI rwg m: 1)

(Kbr)
ijQy ‘swru’ puilMg (Masculine) krky vriqAw hY
Aqy ArQ ‘lohw’ jW ‘Asl’, ‘qq’ hY, auQy iehdy AMq AONkV huMdw
hY, ijvyN-
Where the word ‘swru’ is used as masculine an aungkar is
used, as follows;
“nwnk kQnw krVw swru]” (jpu)
“rwm nwm swru rsu pIvY]” (suKmnI)
vwr - “vwirAw n jwvw eyk vwr]” (jpu)

(vy r )
“gauVI kI vwr” ivc BI vwr iesqRI-ilMg hY[ijQy ‘vwir’
dw ArQ vwV, bwV jW vwVI hY, aus dy AMq ivc ‘r’ isAwrI vwlw
huMdw hY:-
In Gauri Ki Vaar, the word Vaar is feminine as the sihari on
the consonant ‘r’.
“swc Drm kI kir dInI vwir]” (Awsw m: 5)
iesy qrW hyTly Sbd iesqRI-ilMg hox krky mukqy nwl AwauNdy
hn:-
In the same manner the following words are feminine as

there is no syllable on the last consonant.

vwq, bwq, DoK, Dir, ipAws, Kyh, syv, vyl, Gwl, Taur, gxq,
klm, vwt, pUj, BuK, BUK, nId, kMD, iqK, pIV jW pIr, bwh,
Aws, Awid[
pr keI Aijhy iesqRI-ilMg nWv hn, ijnHW dy AMq ivc AONkV

mUilk AMg hox krky jrUr AWauNdw hY, ArQwq hr hwlq ivc AONkV
kwiem rihMdw hY, kdI lihMdw hI nhIN[
However there are some feminine words which comes with
an aungkar on the last consonant to maintain its originality.

iesqRI-ilMg nWv dy ivSySx (Adjective) dw BI
AMqlw AONkV lih ky mukqw ho jWdw hY, ijvyN:-
The feminine adjective also appears without
any syllable on the last consonant.
PkV - “PkV jwqI PkVu nwau]” (m: 1, vwr sRI)
ieQy ‘jwqI’ iesqRI-ilMg hY, ies leI ies dy ivSySx ‘PkV’ dw

AMqlw A~Kr mukqw hY[‘nwau’ puilMg iek-vcn hox krky, ies dy
ivSySx dy AMqly A~Kr nwl AONkV hY[
In the above shabad line, the ‘jwqI’ is a feminine therefore
its adjective ‘PkV’ has no syllable on ‘V’. The word
‘nwau’ is a singular and masculine therefore the PkVu word
appears with an aungkar.
kvx - “kvx iQiq kvxu vwru]” (jpu)
ieQy ‘iQiq’, iesqRI-ilMg hox krky ies dy ivSySx dw AMqlw

A~Kr ‘x’ mukqw ho igAw hY[
The word ‘iQiq’ in the above line is a feminine, therefore

its adjective kvx has no syllable on ‘x’.
swr - “squ sMqoK dieAw kmwvY ‘eyh’ krxI swr”[(sRI rwg m: 5)

‘krxI’ iesqRI-ilMg hox krky ‘eyh’ Aqy ‘swr’ dovyN mukqw-AMq
Sbd Awey hn[
The word ‘krxI’ is a feminine therefore the word ‘eyh’
and ‘swr’ appears without syllable on the last consonant.
4.3 sMboDn kwrk (Vocative Case)
jd koeI nWv sMboDn kwrk (vocative case) ivc hovy,

ArQwq hy mnu~K krky bulwieAw hovy, qW aus dw AMqlw
AONkV lih jWdw hY:-
When noun appears in vocative case e.g. when a
person is called ‘Hey, human’, then the last
consonant appears without any syllable.
mn - “gurmuiK nwmu jphu mn myry]
nwnk - nwnk pwvhu sUK Gnyry]” (suKmnI swihb)
ieQy ArQ ‘hy mn’ ‘hy nwnk’ hox krky ‘mn’ Aqy ‘nwnk’ dw
AMqlw A~Kr mukqw hY[ pr ijQy ‘nwnku’ krqw kwrk ivc hovy,
auQy AMq ivc AONkV hovygw:-
In the above two shabad line the word ‘mn’ and ‘nwnk’ is a
vocative case therefore the last word appears without any
syllable but whenever vocative case denotes the creator it
appears with an aungkar, as following;

“suin mIqw nwnku ibnvMqw]” (suKmnI)

“khY nwnku mn cMcl cqurweI iknY n pwieAw]” (AnMd)
sjx - “dyhu sjx AsIsVIAw]” (soihlw)

ies sMboDn kwrk vwly nWv nwl jo ivSySx hovy,
auh BI mukqw-AMq ho jWdw hY:-
pU r n - “qum pUrn purK ibDwqy]” (gauVI m: 5)
dieAw - nwnku kwiF lyhu pRB dieAwl” (suKmnI)

l
4.4 sMBMD kwrk (Possessive Case)

sMbMD kwrk (Possessive case, mu r ` k b iejw&I) ivc sMbMDI
nWv dy AMqly A~Kr nwloN AOkV lih ky mukqw ho jWdw hY, BWvy
sMbMDkI pd ‘dw’ jW ‘kw’ lop hovy jW prgt:-
mo K - “mMnY pwvih moK duAwru]” (jpu)

du A wru moK dw duAwrw
jgdIs - “lKu lKu gyVw AwKIAih eyku nwmu jgdIs]” (jpu)

jgdIs dw iek nwm[
gu r - ‘gur’ dw Asl rUp ‘ru’ vwlw hY[ pr jd ies dw ArQ ‘gur dw’
hovy, qW iehdw ‘r’ mukqw huMdw hY, ijvyN ‘gur pRswid ivc[
ies dw ArQ hY ‘gurU dI ikrpw nwl[iesy qrHW ‘gur sMgiq’,

‘gurbwxI’, ‘gur is~K’ ivc ‘gur’ mukqw-AMq AwauNdw hY[
The word ‘gur’ originally appears with an aungkar on Rara
(ru) but whenever the meaning is ‘Guru’s’ then the‘r’
comes without an aungkar just like ‘Gur Persad’ which
means with Guru’s Blessings. Similarly the words Gur
Sanggat, Gurbani and Guru Sikh the Guru word comes
without an aungkar.
iDAwn - “muMdw sMqoKu srmu pqu JolI iDAwn kI krih ibBUiq]” (jpu)
ieQy ijvyN ‘sMqoKu’ Aqy ‘srmu’ nwl AONkV AwieAw sI, iqvyN
‘iDAwn’ nwl BI cwhIdw sI, pr ies dy ipCoN ‘kI’ Awaux nwl
AONkV lih igAw hY[
In the above Gurbani Shabad the word ‘sMqoKu’ and ‘srmu’
appears with an aungkar, in the same manner the word
‘iDAwn’ should have been with an aungkar but because of
the word ‘kI’, the aungkar has been removed.
“AYsw nwmu inrMjnu hoie]”
iv~c ‘inrMjnu’ dy AMq ivc AONkV hY, ies leI ies dw ArQ
‘inrMjn dw’ nhI ho skdw[ ieh ‘nwmu’ dw ivSySx hY[
iesy qrHW “nwnku nIcu khY vIcwru]” ivc ‘nIc’ ivSySx hY
‘nwnku’ dw Aqy ies dw ArQ ‘ nIcW dw’ nhIN ho skdw[
“hir hir kQw pVih purwxu jIau]” (s`d)
ieQy ‘purwxu dI kQw’ ArQ nhIN ho skdw, ikauNik ‘purwxu’ dy AMq
AONkV ipAw hY[
In the above Gurbani Shabad the word ‘inrMjnu’ appears
with an aungkar, that is why, the meaning for the above
word cannot be interpreted as ‘inrMjn dw’. This is an
adjective describing ‘nwmu’. In the same manner, ‘nIc’ is an
adjective which does not describe ‘nwnku’ as ‘ nIcW dw’.

4.5 sMbMDkI pd (Prepositions)

ijnHW nwvW dy nwl ibnu, ivthu, kau, syqI, ivc, mih,aUpir qy
pih, pwis Awid sMbMDkI pd (Prepositions) Awaux, aunHW dw
AMqlw A~Kr mukqw ho jWdw hY:-
mih - “sgl audm mih audmu Blw]” (suKmnI)

“nwnk ijsu ipMjr mih ibrhw nhI so ipMjr lY jwir]” (m: 2
vwr sRI)
qy - “mn hI qy mnu mwinAw]” (quKwrI m: 1)

“Awip mUAw mnu mn qy jwinAw]” (gauVI m: 1)
pih - “qnu mnu gur pih vyicAw]” (isrI rwgu m: 1)
ivic - “siqguru boihQu hir nwv hY ikqu ibiD ciVAw jwie]”

siqgur kY BwxY jo clY ivic boihQ bYTw Awie]”
(isrI rwgu m: 4)
“gux ivic guxu lY swir]” (bsMq m: 1)
mM D y - “mwn AiBmwn mMDy]” (sRRI rwgu m: 5)
ies - Shj syqI, Twkr kau, eyk aupir sbdu ibnu, gur ivthu, Gt
qrW AMqir, jl bwJu, Awid[
vy K o

gurbwxI ivAwkrx
Gurbani Viakaran
MODULE 2
Content
5.0 kMnw (Kenna)
6.0 ishwrI (Sihari)
6.1 sMbMDkI pdW dy AMq iv`c (Sihari)
6.2 nwvW (Noun)
7.0 ishwrI sQwn(Sihari)

1.0 kMnw (Kenna)
bhuvwck (Plural); XQw, “jy sau cMdw aUgvih” (Awsw dI vwr)

iv~c ‘cMdw’ cMd dw bhuvcn hY[ iesy qrHW Awsw dI vwr ivc
‘bMDnw’ (pO: 7, s: 2), ‘punw’(pO: 8, s: 2), ‘vwdW’ (pO: 11, s: 2)
bhuvcn hn[
“rMg rsw jYsy supnwhw” (Awsw m: 5)
iv~c ‘rsw’ ‘rs’ dw bhuvcn hY[
“And krih qyry dwsw” (soriT m: 5) iv~c ‘dwsw’ dw bhuvcn
hY[Xwd rhy ik ienHW SbdW dw AMqlw kMnw swDwrx bhuvcn dw icMnH hY, iksy
kwrk dI inSwnI nhIN[
2.0 ishwrI (Sihari)
ishwrI sB qoN vDky sMbMDk (Preposition) dy ArQW iv~c vrqI geI

hY[‘ivic’, ‘bwhir’, ‘aupir’, Awid Sbd ijhVy iksy cIz dw iksy hor
cIz nwl pdvI jW AsQwn dw sMbMD pRgt krdy hox, aunHW dw AMq ivc
ishwrI zrUr AwaNdI hY Aqy ieho sMbMD d~sx leI nwvW dy AMq ivc BI
ishwrI AwaNdI hY[
Sihari is used at the last consonant of a word either noun, pronoun
or adjective as preposition which expresses the relation to another
word or element, e.g. ‘came after dinner’, ‘what did you do it for’
(in, on, under, at, up, etc) reflecting the meaning of the word.
In relation to the above Sihari is used on the last consonant of a
noun.
2.1 sMbMDkI pdW dy AMq iv`c (Sihari)

ivic - “BY ivic sUrju BY ivic cMdu]” (Awsw dI vwr)
aU p ir - “ilKy aupir hukmu hoie]” (slok m: 2,vwr swrMg)

“DvlY aUpir’ (jpu jI)
hy T - “kuMny hyiT jlweIAY]” (slok PrId)
miD, bwhir - “sB hI miD sBih qy bwhir bymuhqwj bwpw]”

(isrI rwgu m: 5)
“hukmY AMdir sBu ko, bwhir hukm n koie]” (jpu jI)
sM i g - “BrIAY miq pwpw kY sMig” (jpu jI)
swiQ - “nIcw AMdir nIc jwiq nIcI hU Aiq nIcu]”

“nwnku iqn kY sMig swiQ, vifAw isau ikAw rIs]”
(sRI rwg mhlw 1)
nwil: - “mUrKY nwil n luJIAY]”
“Awpu pCwVih DrqI nwil]” (Awsw dI vwr)
pwis: - “ijqVy Pl min bwCIAih iqqVy siqgur pwis]”

(sRI rwg mhlw
5)
vis: - “qRY gux ien kY vis iknY n moVIAY]” (vwr gujrI m:

5)
“AMn@y vis mwxku pieAw Gir Gir vycx jwie]”
(m: 3, vwr swrMg)

njIik: - “hoin njIik Kudwie dY Byqu n iksY dyin]” (slok

PrId)
brwbir: - “pMifq sUr CqRpiq rwjw, Bgq brwbir Aauru n koie]”

(iblwvlu rivdws)
gY i l: - “aun kI gYil qoih ijin lwgY]” (Awsw kbIr)
qu i l: - “ikCu puMn dwn Anyk krxI nwm quil n smsry]”

(vfhMs mhlw 1)
“kIVI quil n hovnI jy iqsu mnhu n vIsrih]” (jpu
jI)
sir - “hm sir dInu dieAwlu n qum sir]”(DnwsrI rivdws)

(=brwbir)
isir(=aU p ir) - “sBnw aupwvw isir aupwau hY hir nwmu prwpiq hoie]”
(m: 3, vwr gUjrI)
iesy qrHW hornW sMbMDkI pdW dw hwl hY, ijvyN,BIqir ,bIic
,AMqir , mMJwir , mih ,mwih, inkit,Awid, AMiq, vil,
pwir,vil,pwir smsir, Bir, Awidk[
2.2 nwvW (Noun)
nwvW dy AMq ivc ishwrI sMbMDkI icMn vjoN

Qo N , rwhIN, jW dÍ w rw
“isKI isiKAw gur vIcwir] ndrI krim lMGwey pwir]” (Awsw dI vwr)

ArQwq, is`KW ny gurU dI ivcwr dÍwrw isìKAw hY, ik sv`lI nzr vwlw
vwihgurU AwpxI bKiSS dÍwrw pwr lMGWdw hY[
In the above Gurbani means that Sikhs learn through Guru’s
teaching and Almighty who is with vision of blessing, ferries
across.
“Aws AMdysy qy inhkyvlu haumY sbid jlwey]” (Awsw dI vwr)
keIAW ivdvwnW ny ‘sbid’ pd dy AMq dI ishwrI dy Bwv ƒ nw jwxidAwN

hoieAW ArQ kIqy hn ik ‘haumY dy Sbd ƒ jlw dyNdw hY’[ pr TIk ArQ
ieh hn ik gurU dy Sbd dy rwhIN AwpxI haumY ƒ swV dyvy[isD goSit dy
vIhvyN AMk ivc BI iliKAw hY ik,
Some scholars misinterpreted the sihari on the last consonant of the
word ‘sbid’ and interpreted the meaning that ‘the ego word is
burned’. Whereas the correct meaning is that ‘one burns his ego
through Guru’s Word’, in Sidh Gost in stanza 20 is writtened as
follows;
“siqgur kY jnmY gvnu imtwieAw] Anhiq rwqy iehu mnu lwieAw]

mnsw Awsw sbid jlweI”
ieQy BI ieho Bwv hY ik siqgurU dy Gr Dwrimk jnm lYx nwl Btkxw mu`k
geI, iek rs Sbd dI gUMj ivc ilv juV ky mn itk igAw Aqy Awsw qy
iqRSnw gurbwxI dÍwrw swV idqIAW[hor vyKo:
In the same manner , the word ‘sbid’means that through the
shabad hope and greed has been burned. Note: the sihari on the
word ‘sbid’means through shabad.
“gur kY sbid haumY ibKu mwrY qw inj Gir hovY vwso]” (isD gosit)
“kwhU jugiq ikqY n pweIAY Drim]
nwnk iqsu imlY ijsu iliKAw Duir krim]” (suKmnI)

ienHW qukW dy ArQ krn ivc keI vyr BulyKw pY jWdw hY[keI ArQ ieh
krdy hn ik, iksy qrIky nwl ikDry Drm nhIN imldw[nwnk jI kihMdy hn
ik aus ƒ (Drm) imldw hY, ijs dy lyKW ivc Awid qoN krm iliKAw hoieAw
hovy[
The meanings of the above shabad can be misinterpreted that there
is no way that faith can be found, Guru Nanak says that only the
one obtains faith who has such fate.
“Drim” Aqy “krim” pdW dy nwl ishwrI ƒ mu`K r`Kky TIk ArQ ieh
hoxgy: nwm (ijs dw au~qy izkr clw AwieAw hY) iksy jugqI jW sMprdw
duAwrw nhIN imldw[
ieh nwm aus ƒ imldw hY ijs leI Dur qoN bKiSs dvwrw iliKAw hoieAw
hovy[
The sihari on the word “Drim” and “krim” makes the meaning
to be that Almighty’s Name (the subject is carried forward from the
earlier lines) can never be obtained through any society as this
Name is obtained by the one who has such writ written through
blessing from the beginning (Almighty).
“ihMdU swlwhI swlwhin drsin rUip Apwru]” (Awsw dI vwr)
dw ArQ keI s`jx ieauN krdy hn: ik ihMdU SlwGw krn vwly slwhuMdy hn
drSnW ƒ qy mUrqIAW dy suMdr rUp ƒ [
The above line is misinterpreted as ‘The Hindu who praises, praise
the glimpse (darshan) and the beautiful form of the idols.’
pr ‘drsin’ Aqy ‘rUip’ dy AMqly A`KrW nwl ishwrI dw Awauxw ies ArQ
ƒ KMfn krdw hY[ies leI ies ishwrI ƒ sMbMDk krky hI lYxw peygw[quk
dy ArQ ieh hoxgy:-

The word ‘drsin’ and ‘rUip’ has sihari on the last consonant
which proves the above meaning is wrong because the sihari makes
the word to be preposition, therefore the meaning will be as
follows;
ihMdU SlwGw krn vwly r`b ƒ auhdy Apwr rUp Aqy drSn duÍwrw slwhuMdy hn,
ArQwq ausdI SlwGw aus drSn Aqy rUp ƒ mu`K r`K ky krdy hn jo sMswrk
A`KW qoN pry hY, iPr BI ies au~cy AwdrS ƒ Bu`l ky qIrQW au~qy Btkdy
iPrdy hn Aqy mUrqI pUjw ivc ruJy pey hn[ ies qoN A`gy jogIAW bwbq BI
ieho jhI ivcwr kIqI hoeI hY[
‘Hindus who praises, praise Almighty through His form which is
beyond bounderies and His glimpse’ means that Almighty is
praised principally through His glimpse and His form which
beyond the physical eyes but ignoring this fact they still visit the
pilgrimage and roam around worshipping idols.
“jogI suin iDAwvin jyqy”
ivc ‘suin’ dy ArQ ‘sun ƒ’ nhIN ho skdy, blik ‘sun dÍwrw’ jW ‘APur
rUp krky’ hn[
The word ‘suin’ does not mean ‘for the thoughtless state’ instead it
means ‘through thoughtless state’ or ‘by the thoughtless state’.
ijvyN “nwnk ieh guix nwmu suKmnI”
ivc ‘guix’ dy ArQ ‘gux krky’ hn[ ies ArQ dI shwieqw leI dyKo[
iek hor quk:
The word ‘guix’ means ‘because of virtue’. Look at the following
Gurbani line.
“koikl hovW AMib bsW shij sbd bIcwru]

shij suBwie myrw shu imlY drsin rUip Apwru]
(gauVI bYrwgix m: 1)
“min muiK sUcy jwxIAih gurmuiK ijnw igAwnu]”

(sRI rwg m: 1)
ArQwq, mn dÍwrw qy muK dÍwrw auhI su`cy khy jw skdy hn ijMnHw ƒ gurU
duAwrw igAwn pRwpq hoieAw hY[‘gurmuiK’ dy mukwbly au~qy jo ‘mnmuiK’ hY,
auhdy nMny nwl ishwrI nhIN huMdI[ vyKo:
The word ‘min’ means ‘muiK’ ‘through mind’ and means ‘through
mouth’. The gurbani line means only those can be said are pure
who has obtained knowledge through a Guru. In the opposite of
‘gurmuiK’ is ‘mnmuiK’ there is no sihari on the ‘n’. Whenever sihari
appears on ‘n’ the word becomes ‘min muiK’ it means ‘through
mind and mouth’ and not ‘self-willed’, the Manmukh appears in
the following manner ;
“mnmuiK soJI n pvY, gurmuiK sdw hjUir]” (sRI rwg m 1)
“haumY ikQhu aUpjY ikqu sMjim ieh jwie ]” (Awsw dI vwr)
iks rihxI dÍwrw ieh (haumY) jWdI hY?
iesy qrW ‘gobir qrxu n jweI’ Aqy “ijqu muiK nwmu n aUcrih” ivc
ishwrI dw ArQ ‘rwhIN’ kro[
“iqs dY cwnix sB mih cwnxu hoie]” (DnwsrI m:1)
aus dy cwnx duAwrw swirAW ivc cwnxw huMdw hY[ dyKo:
“BMfu mUAw BMfu BwlIAY BMif hovY bMDwnu]” (Awsw dI vwr)

ijhVw Sbd ‘BMfu’ nWv hY, auhdy f`fy nwl AONkV hY Aqy ijs ‘BMif’dw
ArQ hY ‘BMf dÍwrw’, auhdy f`fy nwl ishwrI hY[
In the above shabad the word ‘BMfu’ is a noun and the word ‘BMif’
means ‘through a woman’.
ivc - “nwnk gur prswdI CutIAY jy icqu lgY sic]” (m: 3, vwr mwrU)
ArQwq, sc ivc[ The word ‘sic’ means in ‘in truth’
“chu juig mYly mlu Bry ijn muiK nwmu n hoie]” (sRI rwg m: 1)
ieQy ‘chu juig’ dy ArQ hn, cvHW jugW ivc Aqy ‘muiK’ dy ArQ hn, muK
ivc[
“suixAY lwgY shij iDAwnu]” (jpu jI)

ArQwq, gurU dI isiKAw suxn qoN shj (AvsQw) iv`c iDAwn l`g jWdw hY[
“nMnw nrik prih qy nwhI] jw kY min qin nwmu bswhI]” (bwvn AKrI)
ArQwq, auh nrk iv`c nhIN pYNdy, ijnW dy mn qy qn ivc nwm vsdw hY[
“kwhy ry mn icqvih audmu jw Awhir hir jIau pirAw]” (gUjrI m: 5)

ArQwq, hy mn! qMU ikaUN iPkr krdw hY, jid ik r`b Awhr (Xqn) ivc
l`gw hoieAw hY[ The word ‘Awhir’ means ‘in the strive for living’
ijQy ‘Awhru’ kyvl nWv hY Aqy sMbMDk dI loV nhIN, auQy iehdy rwry nwl
AONkV jW mukqw hovygw[
“krju auqwirAw siqgurU kir Awhru Awip]” (iblwvl m: 5)

iesy qrHW Awsw dI vwr dI qyrHvIN pauVI dy pihly slok ivc ‘siqjuig’
“duAwpir” Aqy “kiljuig” SbdW dy AMq dI ishwrI dw ArQ ‘ivc’ hY[
au q y - “AsMK khih isir Bwru hoie]” (jpu jI)

dw ArQ keI s`jx ieauN krdy hn ik Axigxq lok isr Bwr ho ky AwKdy

hn (r`b ƒ) pr jo ieh ArQ huMdy qW
‘isir dw rwrw KwlI huMdw Aqy ishwrI ‘Bwru’ rwry nwl huMdI[
ijvyN Awsw dI vwr ivc iliKAw hY: “BY ivic ieMdu iPrY isr Bwir” ijs dy
ArQ hn ik BY ivc ieMdR (b`dl) isr dy Bwr cldw hY[ ieQy ‘Bwir’ sMbMDkI
(preposition) ArQ rKdw hY[ prMqU jpjI vwlI quk ivc ‘isir’ dI AMqlI
ishwrI sMbMDkI ArQ rKdI hY Aqy ‘Bwru’ nWv (noun) hY Aqy ArQ ieh hn
ik Axigxq AwKidAW BI isr dy Bwr huMdw hY[
ArQwq ,Axigxq AwKxw BI Bu`l hY, ikauNik ho skdw hY ik keI cIjW dw

smUh swfI igxq SkqI qoN bwhr hovy, pr smUh Awp mhdUd hovy[ijvyN ryqV
ivc ryq dy ikxky, jW sUrj dIAW irSmw[gurU swihb chuMdy hn ik Agm
Agm dw Bwv pRgt hovy, jo Sbd ‘AsMK’ qoN pUry qOr qy nhI ho skdw[
“ivsirAw ijn@ nwmu qy Buie Bwru QIey]” (Awsw PrId)

dw ieh ArQ hY ik ijn@W ƒ nwm Bu`l igAw hY, auh DrqI auqy Bwr hn[
iehdw ArQ ieh nhIN ik Eh ijmIN prny ho gey hn[
“nwnk BwvyY pwrbRhm pwhn, nIir qry]” (bwvn AKrI)

ArQwq, jo pwrbRhm ƒ Bwvy qW p`Qr nIr (pwxI) au~qy qr pYNdy hn[
“qKiq rwjw so bhY ij qKqY lwiek hoeI]” (m: 3, vwr mwrU)

ieQy ‘qKiq’ dy ArQ hn, ‘qKq au`qy’[
“ijqu qin pweIAih nwnkw sy qn hovih Cwr]” (Awsw dI vwr)

ieQy pihly ‘qin’ dy ArQ hn, ‘qn au~qy’[
qo N jW Qo N - “Duir krmu ijnW kau quDu pwieAw]” (Awsw dI vwr)

“Duir mwry pUrY siqgurU, syeI huix siqguir mwry]” (vwr gauVI m; 4)

ienHW dohW qukW ivc ‘Duir’ dy ArQ ‘Dur’ qoN hn, pr ijQy sMbMDkI pd v`Krw
id`qw huMdw hY, auQy ‘Dur’ dy rwry nwl ishwrI nhIN huMdI[ijvyN
“Dur kI bwxI AweI]” (soriT m: 5)

“jy hovY pUrib iliKAw]” ( Awsw dI vwr )
ivc “pUrib’ dy ArQ ‘pUrb qoN’, ‘ipCy qoN’ hn[
ƒ jW - “nMgw dojik cwilAw qw idsY Krw frwvxw]” (Awsw dI vwr)

vil dojk ƒ cilAw[
“dyNdw nrik surig lYNdy, dyKhu iehu iD|wxw]” (m: 1, vwr mlwr)
q` k ,qo V I - “Asmwin ikAwVw iCikEnu]” (vwr sqw blvMf)

Asmwn q`k cotI iK`c ky lY igAw[
nwl - “JKiV vwau n foleI prbq myrwxu]” (vwr sqw blvMf)

gurU Amrdws myrU phwV vw|x hY,auh J`KV(hvw) nwl nhIN foldw[
“juj mih joir ClI cMdRwvil kwn@ ikRsnu jwdmu BieAw]

pwrjwqu gopI lY AwieAw ibMdRwbn mih rMgu kIAw]” (Awsw dI vwr)
keI s`jx ienHW qukW dy ArQ ieauN krdy hn: Xjur (vyd dy smyN dÍwpr) ivc
zor vwlw ClIAw cMdRbMsI kwnH nwm ikRSn Xwdv kOm dw hoieAw, jo jmnw dy
pwr jw ky gopIAW ilAwauNdw qy ibMdRwbn ivc rws mcwauNdw sI[ieh ArQ
ishwrI dy nymW dy ault hn[‘joir’ dy ArQ hn ‘zor nwl’,
zor vwlw nhIN ho skdy[‘ cMdRwvil’ dy l`ly dI ishwrI iesqrI ilMg dI
inSwnI hY[(dyKo nym 19)
‘pwrjwqu’ dy ArQ ‘pr jw ky’ qW huMdy, jykr ieh Sbd

‘pwir jwie’ huMdw[dSw jW sQwn vwck sMbMDkI SbdW dy AMq ivc ishwrI dw
Awauxw jrUrI hY[ XQw:-
“gur sbdI pwir auqrIAY ry]” (Awsw m :5)
ies leI ‘pwr dI QW ‘pwir’ hoxw cwhIdw sI[‘pwr’ dw rwrw mukq jW

AONkV vwlw qdoN huMdw hY jdoN ‘pwr’ nWv hovy[
XQw: “lhY n pwru rI]” (DnwsrI iqRlocn)
ienHW AONkVw ƒ mu`K r`K ky ienHW qukW dy ArQ ieh hoxy cwhIdy hn: Xjur(vyd
dy smyN dÍwpr) ivc jo kwnH ikRSn Xwdv hoieAw, aus ny cMdRwvlI ƒ zor nwl
CilAw[auh AwpxI gopI (sqBwmw) leI pwrjwquu (dw ibRC ieMdR dy bwg ivcoN)
lY AwieAw[aus ibMdRwbn ivc coj kIqy[(dyKo dsm skMd Bwgvq)
“ijau pwvku eIDin nhIN DRwpY]” (suKmnI)

ijvyN A`g bwlx nwl nhIN r`jdI[
“kwim kRoiD ngru bhu BirAw]” (soihlw)

kwm Aqy kRoD nwl (dyhI dw) ngr bhuq BirAw hoieAw hY[
“ijauN swbUix kwpr aUjl hoq]” (rwmklI m: 5)

swbx nwl[
“BY ivic DrqI dbI Bwir]” (Awsw dI vwr)

Bwr nwl
“kImiq iknY n pweIAw khix n vfw hoie]” (sRI rwg m: 1)
kihx nwl v`fw nhIN huMdw[

leI,hy q - BwvwrQ (Infinitive) dy AMqly xwxy jW n`ny nwl AwauNdI hY[

ƒ XQw:-
“jw pih jwau Awpu Cutkwvin qy bwDy bhu PMDw]” (gauVI kbIr)
ijnHW kol jWdw hW Awpxy CufOx ƒ, auh Awp bhuqy PMiDAW ivc bMnHy pey huMdy
hn[
“AwKix AauKw swcw nwau]” (Awsw m: 1)

AwKx ƒ AauKw hY s`cw nwm[
“AMq n krxY, dyx n AMq]” (jpu jI)
“joru n mMgix, dyix n joru]” (jpu jI)
ivc ishwrI sMbMDkI icMnH hY BwvwrQW nwl, jo nwvW vwkr vrqy gey hn[iesy
qrHW,
“ibgisau pyiK rMgu ksMBu ko ,pr igRh johin jwieau]” (tofI m: 5)
“siqgur isau Awlwie byVy fubix nwih Bau]” (m: 1,slok vwrW qy vDIk)
“jw kY hir sw Twkuru BweI] mukiq AnMq pukwrix jweI]” (gauVI kbIr)
“sMqw ky kwrij Awip KloieAw hir kMmu krwvix AwieAw rwm]”(sUhI m: 5)

3.0 ishwrI sQwn(Sihari)
vwck ikirAw-ivSySxW (Adverbs) nwl BI ausy qrHW AwieAw krdI hY,

ijvyN sMbMDkW nwl[blik Aksr auho sMbMDkW ikirAw-ivSySxW dw kMm
idMdIAW hn[jdoN aunHW nwl sMbMDI nWv nhIN huMdy[ XQw:-
ivic - “Dn ipr kw iek hI sMig vwsw, ivic haumY BIiq krwrI]”
(m: 4, mlwr)
AM q ir,bwhir,s - “mwir Awpy jIvwldw AMqir bwhir swiQ]” (sRI rwg m: 5)

wiQ
sM i g - “ieAw fyrw kau sRm kir GwlY]
jw kw qsU nhI sMig cwlY]” (bwvn AKrI,m: 5)
nwil - “hir AMqir bwhir nwil hY]” (ibhwgVw m: 4)
dU i r,mM i J - “Awpy nyVY, dUir Awpy hI, Awpy mMiJ imAwnou]” (sRI rwg m: 1)
ny i V,iPir,bhu i - “jmu kMkru nyiV n AwveI,iPir bhuiV n mrIAY]” (vwr gauVI m: 5)

V
qil(=qlY ) ,au p - “fuib muey bgu bpuVy isru qil aupir pwau]”
ir (slok PrId 122 Aqy slok m: 3 vwr vfhMs)
bwhir vwir - “Kry KjwnY pweIAih, Koty stIAih bwhir vwir]” (vwr mwJ m: 1)
hdU i r - “dyKY suxY hdUir sd Git Git bRhmu rivMdu]” (sRI rwg m: 5)
au u r vwir, pwir - “nwnk nwm ivhUixAw nw aurvwir n pwir]” (m: 3,vwr soriT)
vil - “jw krqw vil , qw sBu ko vil]” (m: 4, vwr gauVI)

EVik - “kUV inKutY nwnkw EVik sic rhI]” (m: 1 vwr rwmklI)
Awid,miD,AM i q - “Awid miD AMiq pRBu soeI suMdr gur gopwlw]” (Awsw CMq m: 5)
pwis - “vsqU AMdir vsqu smwvY dUjI hovY pwis]” (Awsw dI vwr)
indwin - “mwieAw kw rMgu sBu iPkw, jwqo ibnis indwin]” (sRI rwg m: 5)
mU i l - “mMdw mUil n kIceI dy lMmI ndir inhwlIAY]” (Awsw dI vwr)

“AYb qin ickVo, ieho mnu mIfko, kml kI swr nhI mUil pweI]”
(sRI rwg m: 1)
viK - “EQY sco hI sc inbVY, cuix viK kFy jjmwilAw]” (Awsw dI vwr)
keI vyr kwlvwcI ikirAw-ivSySx nWv krky vrqy huMdy hn[Aqy
aunHW dy AMq ivc sQwnvwcI ishwrI l`gI huMdI hY:-
by i g(=Cy q I) - “jO kir pwcnu byig n pwvY , Jgru krY Gr hweI]”

(gauVI pUrbI kbIr)
ArQwq, jykr Kurwk CyqI nw imlYsu[
hu i x - “Qwau n hovI paudIeI, huix suxIAY ikAw rUAwieAw]” (Awsw dI vwr)

“huix auiT clxw muhiq ik qwil]” (DnwsrI m: 1)
‘huix’, muihq’ Aqy ‘qwil’ ivc ishwrI sMbMDkI icMnH hY[
‘qwl’gwaux vyly smyN dI ikirAw dw iek mwp hY[
“ huix nhI sMdysro mwieE]” (soriT m: 5)
Aib - “bhuqy Pyr pey ikrpn kau, Aib ikCu ikrpw kIjY]” (DnwsrI m: 3)
kid - “kid pwvau swDsMgu]” (DnwsrI m: 5)

jid - “dUK qdy jid vIsrY suKu pRB iciq Awey ] (iblwvlu m: 5)
viq (iPir) - “PrIdw eyho pCoqwau viq kuAwrI n QIAY]” (slok)

iesy qrHW Pyir, bwhuiV, bhuir, Puin, punrip, ikit, bIic, mMJwir,
inrMqir, iBin, EiV, aUpir, hyiT, hjUir, qqkwil, Awis pwis,
Awidk ikirAw-ivSySxW dy AMq ivc ishwrI AwauNdI hY[hor BI
Sbd iekihry jW dUhry jo aupr d`sy ikirAw-ivSySxW vwkr vrqy
jWdy hn, aunHW nwl ishwrI AwauNdI hY, ijvyN- iJim iJim, iTim
iTim, muis muis, mip mip, vil vil, rsik rsik, Awidk[

gurbwxI ivAwkrx
Gurbani Viakaran
MODULE 3
Content
5.0 ishwrI-sMbMDkI rUp (Sihari- Preposition)
6.0 Xojk (conjuction)
7.0 ishwrI pUrb-pUrx-kwrdMqk (Conjunctive

Participle)

Xwd rhy ik jd ieho Sbd, jo au~qy sMbMDk jW ikirAw-ivSySx krky d`sy

gey hn, nWv krky AwauNdy hn, qw ienHW dy AMq ivc ishwrI nhIN huMdI,
ikauNik ieh ishwrI sMbMDkI rUp dyx leI hI huMdI hY[ jd Sbd hI nWv
hovygw, qW auhdw rUp BI nwvW vwlw cwhIey[ XQw:-
When the word appears as noun then the last consonant has no
syllable Sihari because Sihari appears as the preposition as shown
on the following Gurbani lines;
bwhr - “bwhr kw mwsu mMdw, suAwmI , Gr kw mwsu cMgyrw]”

(m: 1, vwr mlwr)
ies quk ivc ‘bwhr’ ‘Gr’ dy mukwbly’ qy nWv krky AwieAw hY Aqy
sMbMDkI icMnH dI QW iek v`Krw pd ‘kw’ vriqAw hoieAw hY, ies leI
‘bwhr’ dw rwrw KwlI hY,
In the above Gurbani phrase, the word ‘bwhr’ and ‘Gr’
appeared as noun therefore instead of preposition syllable
(sihari) the word ‘kw’ is used by leaving the last consonant ‘r’
empty (without syllable)
not: sMbMD kwrk (Possessive case, mur`kb iejw&I) ivc sMbMDI nWv dy
AMqly A~Kr nwloN AOkV lih ky mukqw ho jWdw hY, BWvy sMbMDkI pd ‘dw’
jW ‘kw’ lop hovy jW prgt
Note: In possessive case the oungkar on the last syllable is
removed although the preposition ‘dw’ or ‘kw’ appears or not.
“ijn kY ihrdY mYlu kptu hY, bwhr DovwieAw]” (m: 4, vwr swrMg)
‘bwhr, dy ArQ hn ‘bwhrlw pwsw’, jo nWv hY[
The word ‘bwhr’ means outside which is a noun.
“hukmu BieAw bwhru Gru CoifAw]” (soriT m: 1)

ieQy BI Gru bwhru nWv hn[
The word ‘bwhru’ and ‘Gru’ is a noun.
“bwhru audik pKwrIAY]” (gauVI bYrwgix, rivdws)

ArQwq, bwhru ƒ pwxI nwl DovIey[
means the external (bwhru) is washed with water.
AMdru - “AMdru ivDw sic nwie bwhir BI scu ifToim]” (m: 5, vwr rwmklI)
jd Awpxw AMdr s`cy nwm nwl ivinHAw qW bwhr BI s`c ƒ dyiKAw[
When internally is pierced with the True Name then the
externally the Truth is seen.
AMqru - jdoN AMqir dw ArQ AMdr jW ivc huMdw hY , qW ies dy AMq ivc ishwrI
huMdI hY’ pr jdoN iehdw ArQ Byd jW AMdrlw huMdw hY, qW iehdw AMqlw
rwrw mukqw jW AONkV vwlw huMdw hY[
When the word ‘AMqir’ appears with a meaning of inside, it
appears with a sihari but when the same word appears with a
meaning as ‘different’ or ‘within’ then the last consonant comes
with an aungkar or without any syllable as follows,
“qnu mnu dyie n AMqru rwKY]” (sUhI, rivdws)
“bwhru Doie AMqru mnu mYlw]” (Awsw m: 5)
aurvwr,pwr - “aurvwr pwr ky dwnIAw iliK lyhu Awl pqwl]”

(gauVI bYrwgix, rivdws)
ArQ: ies sMswr qy Agly jhwn dI jwxn vwilE (icqR gupqo) qusI
byS`k ilKo pey aUl-jlUl[ ieQy aurvwr Aqy pwr nWv hn[

The above line the word ‘aurvwr’ and ‘pwr’ is a noun.
EVk - syvk kI EVik inbhI pRIiq ] (mwrU, mÚ 5)

‘EVik’ au~qy qW ikirAw-ivSySx krky dìsAw igAw hY,
The word ‘EVik’ appears with a sihari it is a verb-adjective
means ‘The love which Almighty's servant feels for Almighty
lasts forever.’
pr jdoN iehdy ArQ ‘AMq’ huMdy hn, qW ieh nWv huMdw hY[ Aqy iehdy
AMqly k`ky nwl ishwrI nhIN huMdI[ ijvyN-
But when the word ‘EVk’ means the ‘end’ it appears as a noun,
e.g.
“EVk EVk Bwil Qky, vyd khin iek vwq] (jpu jI)
ieQy ‘EVk’ dy ArQ ‘AMq ƒ’ nhIN, sgoN ieh hn ik
‘vyd’ b`s iek g`l AwKdy hn ik AsIN aus dy AMq FUMf-FUMf ky Q`k gey
hW[
AMq - “Agm Agocrw qyrw AMqu n pwieAw]” (AnMdu)

ieQy ‘AMqu’ nWv hY, ies leI iehdy q`qy nwl ishwrI nhIN[
The word ‘AMqu’ is a noun therefore there is no sihari on ‘q’.
sMgu - “iqn@ sMig sMgu n kIceI, nwnk, ijn@w Awpxw suAwau]”

(m: 5,vwr gUjrI)
ies quk ivc sMg do vyrIN AwieAw hY[pihlI vyr qW ieh sMbMDk hY, ies
leI iehdy AMq ivc ishwrI hY[dUjI vyr ieh iek- vcnI nWv hY, ies
leI AMq ivc AONkV hY[
The word ‘sMg’ repeated two times. The first sMig appeared as
with a sihari which is a preposition and the second sMgu is a
singular.
swQ - “piV piV BrIAih swQ]” (Awsw dI vwr)

ieQy ‘swQ’ bhuvcnI nWv hY[

The word ‘swQ’ is plural.
mUlu - “ieik mUlu n buJin Awpxw]” (Awsw dI vwr)

ieQy ‘mUlu’ nWv hY[
The word ‘mUlu’ is noun.
ivcu, bIcu - “ivcu” BI gurbwxI ivc ikDry- ikDry nWv krky vriqAw igAw
hY[AjyhIAW QwvW qy iehdy AMqly c`cy nwl ishwrI nhIN huMdI[vyKo-
‘ivcu n koeI kir skY’ (bwrh mwh)
The word ‘ivcu’ is sometimes used as a noun, the last consonant
comes without any syllable or with an aungkar.
Aqy :- “bIcu n koie kry AikRqGxu ivCuiV pieAw]” (ibhwgVw m: 5)

ienHW qukW ivc ‘ivcu’ Aqy ‘bIcu’ dy ArQ ‘ivcolwpn’ hn[ jd AMqly
sMbMDkI icMn dI QW iek v`Krw pd vriqAw jWdw hY, qW BI AMq ivc
ishwrI nhIN AwauNdI[ ijvyN:-
In the above Gurbani phrase ‘ivcu’ and ‘bIcu’ means the
‘middle-person’.
“haumY mnu AsQUlu hY, ikauN kir ivcu dy jwie]” (m: 3, vwr gUjrI)
ieQy ‘ivcu dy’ dy ArQ hn, ‘ivcoN dI’ jW ‘ivc QIN’, ies leI ‘ivcu’
nWv hY Aqy c`cw AONkV vwlw hY[
bsu - ‘vs’ jd sMbMDkI ArQW nwl nw Awvy Aqy nWv hovy qW iehdI Skl BI
nwvW vwlI huMdI hY[ vyKo:-
“ikAw bsu jau ibKu dy mhqwrI]” (gauVI kbIr)
Pyru - “Pyir vswieAw Pyru-Awix siqguir KfUru]” (vwr sqw blvMf)

ieQy pihlW ‘Pyir’ ikirAw-ivSySx hY Aqy dUjw ‘Pyru’ nWv hY, (ies
leI dUjy ‘Pyru’ dy AMq ivc AONkV hY, ArQ ieh hn: iPr BweI PyrU dy
pu`qR , siqgurU AMgd ny KfUr vswieAw) au~qy iek hor imswl dy Awey hW,
The first ‘Pyir’ is a adverb and the second Pyru is a noun. The
phrase means ‘Then Bhai Pheru Ji’s son, Guru Angad Dev Ji
came to establish Khadur’.
“bhuqy Pyr pey ikrpn kau…]”

“nwnk myru srIr kw ieku rQu ieku rQvwhu]
jugu jugu Pyir vtweIAih, igAwnI buJih qwih]”
(Awsw dI vwr)
ieQy “jugu jugu Pyir vtweIAih” dw ArQ krdy hn ,
aus dw jugu jugu ivc c`kR vtdw hY[ ieh ArQ qd TIk huMdw jy ‘Pyir’ dy
rwry nwl ishwrI nw huMdI[ nwl hI ‘vtweIAih’ bhu vcn hY[ ies leI
TIk ArQ ieh hoxgy :(auh rQu Aqy rQvwhu) jugo jug muV-muV vtwey
jWdy hn[bwkI dIAW qukW qoN BI ieho pqw lgdw hY ik hr iek jug dy
bdlx nwl mn`KI-jIvn dw rQ Aqy rQvwhu dovyN bdly jWdy hn[
The Asa Dhi Vaar phrase above can only mean that ‘it goes in
circles in ages’ only if the sihari was not used on word Pyir.
Therefore the correct meaning is that the chariot and its driver is
changing for age after age again and again.

ieh BI Xwd rhy ik keI Sbd idsx ivc ikirAw-ivSySx huMdy hn, pr
Asl ivc auh Xojk krky vrqy gey huMdy hn[ArQwq do vwkW jW SbdW ƒ
joVdy hn[ ies leI aunHW dy AMq ivc ishwrI dI aumId nhIN r`KxI
cwhIdI[ ijvyN:-
Although some words may seem to be adverb but actually they are
conjuction which connects clauses or sentences. Therefore sihari
will never appear on the last consonant, as follows;
mqu - “hir jpidAW iKnu iFl n kIjeI, myrI ijMdVIey,

mqu ik jwpY swhu AwvY ik n AwvY rwm]” (ibhwgVw m: 4)
jb qb - “jb jrIAY, qb hoie Bsm qnu, rhY ikrm dl KweI]” (soriT, kbIr)
“jb hm eyko eyku kir jwinAw] qb logh kwhy duKu mwinAw]”
(gauVI kbIr)
Ab - “nYn rhy rMgu lweI ] Ab by gl khnu n jweI]” (soriT kbIr)

ArQwq cUMik A`KW ny pRym lwieAw hoieAw hY, ies leI koeI hor g`l AwKI
nhIN jWdI[
“Ab moih jlq rwm jlu pwieAw] rwm audik qnu jlq bJwieAw]”
(gauVI ,kbIr)
ArQwq, hux jo mY sVdy hoey ƒ rwm rUpI jl l`Bw hY, ies rwm dy pwxI
nwl qn sVdw hoieAw TMfw ho igAw hY[ auqlIAW imswLW ivc Sbd ‘Ab’
do do g`lW ƒ joVdw hY kwrx d`s ky[
nwqu r - “gur pRswid Akil BeI AvrY, nwqru Qw bygwnw]”(gauVI bYrwgix,kbIr)

(=nhIN ArQwq, gurU dI ikrpw nwl myrI bu`DI bdl geI nhIN qW vwihgurU qoN Eprw
qW,vrnw) hI rihMdw[
sxu - “cUVw BMnu pLMg isau muMDy , sxu bwhI sxu bwhw]”
(vfhMs m: 1)
ieQy ‘sxu’ dw ArQ hY ‘Aqy nwloN’[
ivxu - “ivx pwrsY pUj n hoveI , ivx mn prcy Avrw smJwey]”(gUjrI m: 3)

pwrs hox qoN ibnW iksy dI pUjw nhIN huMdI, Apxy mn ƒ inscw hox qoN ibnW
hI hornW ƒ smJWdw hovygw[ ieQy Sbd ‘ivx’ iek vwk ƒ dUjy vwkMs nwl
joVdw hY[

sxu, sihq, ivxu Awm qOr qy nWvw nwl sMbMDkI pd krky AwauNdy hn,pr
cUMik sQwnvwcI nhIN huMdy, ies leI nym 7 (a) vwlI ishwrI nhI AwauNdI[

Participle)
ishwrI pUrb-pUrx-kwrdMqk (Conjunctive Participle) dy DwqU Sbd dy

AMq ivc BI AieAw krdI hY[ ArQwq, ijs Sbd dy ArQ hox, Amkw kMm
krky auhdy AMq ivc ishwrI AwauNdI hY[
Sihari also appears on base words of conjunctive participle such as
‘ after doing this work’.
Co i f, bY i s - “mwsu Coif bYis nku pkVih ]” (m: 1,vwr mlwr)

‘Coif’ dy ArQ hn, ‘CoiV ky’ Aqy ‘bYis’ dy ArQ hn ‘bih ky’
Dir - “Dir qrwjU qolIAY]” (Awsw dI vwr)

qrwjU ivc Dr ky qolIey[
pu i C - “vfI vifAweI jw puiC n dwiq]” (Awsw dI vwr)

r`b dI vifAweI ies leI v`fI hY ik auh dwq iksy koloN pu`C ky nhIN
idMdw[
kir - “kir ikrpw ijsu Awip buJwieAw]” (suKmnI)
Bin,GiV,Fw - “Bin Bin GVIAY GiV GiV BjY, Fwih auswrY,ausry FwhY]”
ih (dKxI EAMkwr)
bIij - “bIju bIij dyiKE bhu pRkwrw]” (sUhI m: 5)

keI qrHW dy bIN bIj ky vyKo[

bo i l - “kUVu boil krih Awhwru]” (Awsw dI vwr)

kUV boL ky rotI KWdy hn[
BiK - “AsMK mlyC mlu BiK Kwih]” (jpu jI)

Axigxq bury lok mYl Kw ky Awpxw Awhwr krdy hn, ArQwq, rozI
kmWdy hn[ gurbwxI ivc inMidAw krn ƒ mYl Kwxw dìsAw hY[ ies
leI ieQy Bwv hY ik keI mwVy purS inMidAw krky rotI kmWdy hn[
keI s`jx mluBiK ƒ iek sMXukq Sbd krky mMndy hn Aqy ArQ
krdy hn, ‘mYl Kwx vwly’, pr ieh TIk nhIN[ gurbwxI ivc ijQy
ieh Sbd joV ky krqrIvwck sMigAw bxweI hY, auQy ienHW dI Skl
hor hY[XQw:-
“inMdku inMdw kir mlu DovY , Ehu ml-BKu mwieAw-DwrI]”(gUjrI m:
4)
keI lok “jy ko AwKY bolu ivgwVu” (jpu jI) dw ArQ kIqw krdy
hn, ‘jy koeI bol ƒ ivgwV ky AwKy’, pr jy ieh ArQ huMdw qW
‘ivgwV’ dy VwVy nwl ishwrI huMdI[cUMik hY nhIN, ies leI bolu-ivgwV
ƒ iek sMXukq pd mMnwgy Aqy iehdy ArQ krWgy, ‘bol ƒ ivgwVn
vwlw’[ iek hor QWeI ieauN AwieAw hY:-
“AsI bol- ivgwV ivgwVh bol]” (isrI rwg m: 1)
keI lok “swjn cly ipAwirAw ikau mylw hoeI]” (sUhI mhlw 1)
ƒ ieauN pVHdy hn: “swj n cly ipAwirAw ikau mylw hoeI ]”
Aqy cUMik au~qy k`pVy rMgx dw ijkr AwieAw hY, ies leI ies quk dy
ArQ krdy hn ik, jo AwdmI Awpxy ipAwry v`l (au~pr d`sy k`piVAW
nwl) s`j ky nhIN jWdy, aunHW dw myl ikvy ho skdw hY[ mYkwilP ny BI
ievyN hI ArQ kIqw hY, pr ieh TIk nhIN[ ikauNik jy ieh ArQ huMdy
qW ‘swj’ dy j`jy nwl ishwrI huMdI, pr hY nhI , ies leI TIk ArQ
ieh hoxgy :
s`jx Awpxy ipAwirAW ƒ imlx cly hn, ikvyN myl hovy?

iesy qrHW kbIr swihb dI bwvn-A`KrI ivcoN hyTlI quk dy ArQW ivc
BulyKw pY jWdw hY:
“As jir pr jir jir jb rhY] qb jwie joiq aujwrau lhY]”
pihly do vwrI Awey ‘jir’ Sbd dy ArQ zr jW mwieAw kIqw krdy
hn[ pr ieh ArQ krn leI jrUrI hY ik ‘jir’ dy AMq ishwrI nw
hovy[ TIk ArQ ieh hoxgy: Awpxy ƒ swV ky Aqy prwey ƒ swV ky jd
sV bhyNgw, qd jw ky vwihgurU dI joq dw cwnxw l`Bygw[ies qoN pihly
Awpxy Awp ƒ jINvidAW swVn dw hukm iliKAw hY:
“jjw jau qn jIvq jrwvY]”

ies krVy hukm dw AmlI Bwv kI hY?
auh ieh hY ik AwpxIAW Aqy prweIAW cIjW dI jo mn`K ƒ iqRSnw hY,
aus ƒ swV dyvy, qy ieauN sV ky vwihgurU dI Apwr joqI dy ilSkwry
lvy[

gurbwxI ivAwkrx
Gurbani Viakaran
MODULE 4
Content

Participle)

11.0 kwrdMqk (Participle)
moifauAl 3 ivc d`sIAw hY ik kwrdMqk (Participle) dy nwl Awxw, jwxw,

bihxw, rihxw, skxw Awidk shwiek-ikirAw (Auxiliary Verbs) jW
ienHW dy hor rUpW ƒ lw ky jo sMXukq-ikirAw (Compound Verbs) bxdIAW
hn, aunHW ivc BI kwrdMqkW dy AMq ivc ishwrI AwauNdI hY[ ienHW kwrdMqkW
dI Skl pRq`K AnumqXwrQ lkwr (Imperative Mood1) vwlI huMdI hY:-
The use of participle together with auxiliary verbs such as to come,

go, sit, stay, etc. in Module 3, or with other forms which makes
compound verbs has a sihari on the last consonant of the
participles. Such participle’s form is of imperative mood as shown
on the following Gurbani lines;
bin - “syvk kau syvw bin AweI ]” (suKmnI)
1
Imperative Mood Definition:
The quality of a verb that conveys the writer's attitude toward a subject. In English, the
indicative mood is used to make factual statements or pose questions, the imperative
mood to express a request or command, and the (rarely used) subjunctive mood to show a
wish, doubt, or anything else contrary to fact.
• indicative mood
"Life is full of misery, loneliness, and suffering--and it's all over much too soon."
(Woody Allen)
• imperative mood
"Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your
country."
(President John F. Kennedy)
• subjunctive mood
"If I were rich, I'd have the time that I lack
To sit in the synagogue and pray."
(from Fiddler on the Roof)

dIis - “dIis Awvq hY bhuq BIhwlw ]” (Awsw m : 5)
ijix, - “qyrY nwie rqy sy ijix gey, hwir gey is Tgx vwilAw ]”
hwir (Awsw dI vwr)
kiF - “ieknw BwxY kiF ley ]” (Awsw dI vwr)
Cif - “Cif bhih Grbwru ]” (Awsw dI vwr)
Awix - “hoie ieAwxw kry kMmu, Awix n skY rwis ]”(Awsw dI vwr)
By i j - “siqgur swcY dIAw Byij ]” (Awsw m:5)
Do i e - “dy swbUxu leIAY Ehu Doie ]” (jpu jI)
iliK - “eyhu lyKw iliK jwxY koie ]” (jpu jI)
pIiV - “dir ley lyKw pIiV CutY nwnkw ijau qylu ]”(Awsw dI vwr)
iesy qrHW hor imswlW hn (In the same manner there are other
examples as follows):
AwiK suxwieAw, jwie jir, Kuis ley, pUir rihE, lIAw imlwie, pIiv rhy,
cuix kFIAY, Awidk[
iesy qrHW jd BwvwrQ (subject) Aqy shwiek-ikirAw (auxiliary verbs)

dy myl qoN jo sMXukq-ikirAw bxdIAW hn, aunHW ivc BI BwvwrQ dy AMq ivc
ishwrI huMdI hY:-

In the same manner, when compound verbs is made with the

combination of the subject and auxiliary verbs, sihari also appears
on the last consonant.
AwKix - “jy ko Kwieku AwKix pwie]” (jpu jI)

pVix - “lgw pVix sloku]” (Awsw dI vwr)
no t : BwvwrQ (subject) dy AMq ivc ishwrI ‘ƒ, leI, hyq’ dy ArQW nwl
AwauNdI hY, pr BwvwrQ qy ies dy sMXukq ikirAw vwly BwvwrQ ivc Prk
ieh hY ik auQy qW BwvwrQ nWv sI Aqy ishwrI sMbMDkI icMnH sI, ieQy
BwvwrQ muK ikirAw hY[
Note: At the end of the subject sihari appears with the meaning,
‘this, for, the, etc.’ but the difference between the subject and the
subject of the compound verb’ is that the earlier subject was noun
where sihari was written as preposition but here the subject is the
main verb.
12.0 AnumqXwrQ-lkwr (Imperative Mood)
keI vyr pRq`K AnumqXwrQ-lkwr (Imperative Mood) nwl ishwrI

AwauNdI hY[ ArQwq, jd iksy iek purK ƒ koeI kMm krn leI ikhw jwvy
ik, qMU Amkw kMm kr, qW aus hwlq ivc ikirAw dy AMqly A`Kr nwl kdI
kdI ishwrI idqI huMdI hY[ XQw:
Some times imperative mood comes with a sihari on the last
consonant. When a person is instructed to perform a task (e.g. you
do this), the verb’s last consonant comes with a sihari as follows;
jip - “jip, jn, sdw sdw idn rYxI]” (suKmnI)

hy jn, qMU idn rwq hmySw jp[ bwxI ivc ijQy BI ‘jip’ Sbd ‘qMU
jp’ dy ArQW nwl AwieAw hY, auQy ibnw-nwgw p`py nwl ishwrI AweI
hY[ Aqy jd ‘jpu’ Sbd nWv Aqy ikirAw (iek vcn) krky vriqAw
igAw hY qW, ies dy p`py nwl AONkV AwauNdw hY, jW bhu-vcn hox dI
hwlq ivc p`pw mukqw huMdw hY[ ijvyN:-
‘Hey being! you recite Almighty’s Name at all times day and
night.’
In Gurbani wherever the word ‘jip’ appears with the
meaning ‘You Recite’, the sihari on consonant ‘ip’ comes
along without fail.
Wherever the word ‘jpu’ appears as a noun and/or verb the
consonant ‘pu’ comes with an aungkar.
When the word ‘jp’ appears with the consonant ‘p’ without
any syllable it means plural.
“jpu qpu sMjmu Drmu n kmwieAw]” (rhrwis)

“pRB kY ismrin jp qp pUjw]” (suKmnI)
“AsMK jp AsMK Bwau]” (jpu jI)
ies krky jpu jI swihb dy mu`F ivc jo ‘jpu’ Sbd ‘ gur pRswid’ dy
ipCoN AwieAw, auh nWv ies krky hY ik ‘jpu’ nwm bwxI dw isrlyK
krky vriqAw igAw hY Aqy ikirAw ies krky hY ik prmwqmw dy
srUp Aqy qt`sQI l`Kx jpxy Xog hn[ ies krky ies dw sMbMD mUl-
mMqr nwl hY[ ies krky ieh AnumqXwrQ lkwr (Imperative
Mood) vI hY ijs dw ArQ hY ‘jpxw kro’ ies krky ‘jpu’
ikirAwvI-nWv hY[ ies dw ArQ ‘jnxy Xog’ vI ho skdw hY ies
krky ieh ikirAw vck Sbd hY[
Therefore in the beginning of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji the

word ‘Jap’ which apperas after ‘Gurpersad’ is a noun as well
as a verb. The word ‘Jap’ is a noun as it is the title of the
Gurbani (Jap Ji Sahib) and a verb because ‘Jap’ with an
auangkar defines an act of worth for recitation as the words
before were the original and creator characteristics of

Almighty. Therefore this word has undoubtful connection

with the Mul-Mantar. The word "Mool" means "main", "root"
or "chief" and "Mantar" means "magic chant" or "magic
portion". Together the words "Mool Mantar" mean the "Main
chant" or "root verse". Therefore the word ‘jpu’ is imperative
mood which clearly defines the act or command to recite.
not: ‘jpu’ Sbd dy ‘p’ ƒ AONkV ies krky lwieAw ky ieh BwvwrQ
(subject) dy huMidAw vI ikirAw vwck Sbd hY ikauNky ieQy BwvwrQ hI
muK ikirAw hY[
Note: The ‘Jap’ word’s ‘p’ appears with an auankar which

defines the subject as well as verb because the subject is the
main verb.
swlwih, - “eyko jip, eyko swlwih ]

ismir, eyku ismir, eyko mn Awih ]” (suKmnI)
Awih ArQwq, ieko r`b ƒ qMU jp Aqy ieko ƒ slwh[ iek ƒ qMU ismr Aqy
hy mn! ieko ƒ qMU cwh[
ly i h, dy i h - “mn myry, iqn kI Et lyih ]

mnu qnu Apnw iqn jn dyih ]” (suKmnI)
su i x: - “cqurweI n pwieAw iknY, qMU suix mn myirAw]” (AnMd)
kir: - “rwm nwm isau kir ibauhwro]” (gauVI b: AKrI m: 5)
Dir: - “Dir jIAry iek tyk qMU, lwih ibfwnI Aws]” (gauVI bw: AKrI
m: 5)
13.0 ADIn vwkMs (Subordinate Clause)

gurbwxI ivc iek qrHW dI ADIn vwkMs (Subordinate Clause) AwauNdI hY,
jo A`j klH lop ho geI hY[ iehdy mukwbly au~qy A`j kHl ieho ijhIAW vwkMsW
vrqIAW jWdIAW hn:
In Gurbani there is only one type of subordinate clause appears
which has disappeared in the present time. Now days the following
clauses are used;
“hukm mMinAW” prvwxu hoeIdw hY[“kUV kmwx nwl” kUV hI hUMdw
hY[“isr invwieAw” kI huMdw hY?
gurbwxI ivc ienWH hI vwkW ƒ ieauN pVHogy:
But in Gurbani the clauses are written in the following manner;
“hukim mMinAY hovY prvwx]”

“kUiV kmwxY kUVo hovY]”
“sIs invwieAY ikAw QIAY]”
ienHW ivc pihly do Sbd ADIn vwkMs hn, ijnHW ivc muK vwk dw kwrx
id`qw hoieAw hY[ ieho ijhI vwkMs ivc do sbd huMdy hn, iek nWv Aqy dUjw
ikirAw[ nWv dy AMq ivc ishwrI zrUr hovygI Aqy ikirAw dy AMq ivc
dulwvW[XQw:-
In the above Gurbani lines, the first two words are subordinate
clause in which the cause is defined. Such subordinate clauses are
made of two words, the first a noun and the second verb. The last
consonant of the noun appears with a sihari and the verb ends with
dulava.
nwim - “ nwnk nwim slwihAY mnu qnu sIqlu hoie]” (m: 5, vwr gauVI)
slwihAY
Dwin KwDY - “eyqu Dwin KwDY qyrw jƒ gieAw ]”(m:3,Awsw p`tI)
ies Dwn dy KwiDAW qyrw jnm ivArQ igAw[
siqguir - “siqguir imilAY scu pwieAw ]” (Awsw dI vwr)

imilAY siqgurU dy imlx krky s`cu l`Bw[
loik pqIxY - “loik pqIxY nw piq hoie ]” (DnwsrI m:1)

lokW dy pqIjxy nwl[
pwris - “pwris prisAY pwrsu hoie]” (sRI rwgu m: 3)

prisAY
ipMif mUAY - “ipMif mUAY jIau ikh Gir jwqw]” (gauVI kbIr)
srIr dy moieAW Awqmw ikQy clw jWdw hY[
jobin - “jru AweI jobin hwirAw]” (Awsw dI vwr)

hwirAw igAwnI s`jx ies dw ArQ ieauN krdy hn ik jd buFypw Aw igAw
qd jobn hwr igAw, jW buFypw Aw igAw jobn hwr igAw[ pr ieh
ArQ TIk nhIN , ikauN ik ‘jobin’ dy nMny nwl ishwrI hY[ ieQy ‘jru
AweI’ mu`K-vwk hY Aqy ‘jobin hwirAw’ ADIn vwkMs hY ik jobn dy
hwirAW jru Aw geI[ buFypy dy Awaux dw kwrx (pauVI dIAW
auprlIAW qukW ivc d`sy) ivSy ivkwrW dy Bogx krky jvwnI dw hut
jwxw[
Some scholars inteprates the above Gurbani as ‘when the old
age arrives then youthness losses away’. But the above is not
correct as the word ‘jobin’ appeared with sihari on the last
consonant as ‘jru AweI’ and ‘jobin hwirAw’ is Subordinate
Clause which means that by losing youth age in fullfilling
(from earlier lines of Gurbani) evil desires, the old age
arrives.
muiK joirAY - “swkq isau muiK joirAY ADvIchu tUtY]”

(iblwvlu m: 5)
muK joVn nwl[
Xwd rhy ik ieh ishwrI nWv nwl hI AwauNdI hYY[ jdoN ieho jhI

vwkMs ivc nWv dI QW pVnWv hovy qW aus pVnWv nwl ishwrI nhI
huMdI[ijvyN:-
To remember that the sihari comes with a noun and when
“siqgur ivthu vwirAw ijqu imilAY Ksmu smwilAw]”
(Awsw dI vwr)
14.0 smwn vrqmwn (Present Imperfect Verb)

14.1 bhuvcn AnX purK (Third Person Plural)
jd smwn vrqmwn ikirAw (present imperfect verb) dy AMq ivc nMnw

hovy Aqy auhdw krqw bhuvcn AnX purK (third person plural) hovy, qW
AMqly nMny nwl ishwrI zrUr hovygI[ ArQwq jd iksy Sbd dy AMq ivc
nMnw hovy Aqy auhdy ArQ hox: krdy hn, gwaudy hn Awidk, qW aus dy
AMqly nMny nwl ishwrI iblwnwgw AwvygI[ijvyN:-
When the present imperfect verb’s ends with a ‘n’ and the
composer is a third person plural then definately the ‘n’ will be
with a sihari; which means that when a word such as ‘they are
doing’, ‘they are singing’ etc. then definately the last ‘n’ end with
a sihari.
gwvin, - “gwvin quDno icqu gupqu iliK jwxin]”

jwxin (sodru Awsw m:1)
ArQwq, qYƒ icqr gupq gWvdy hn, jo ilK jwxdy hn[
vwiein, - “vwien cyly ncin gur]”

ncin
hlwiein, - “pYr hlwien@ Pyrin @isir]” (Awsw dI vwr)
Pyrin
cugin, - “kkru cugin, Qil vsin,rb n Cofin pwsu]” (slok PrId)
vsin,
Cofin
swlwhin: - “ihMdU swlwhI swlwhin]” (Awsw dI vwr)
iek vw ies quk dy ArQ ASùD hox qy is`KW ivc v`fw rOlw ipAw sI[
ieQy ‘swlwhin’ dy nMny nwl ishwrI hox krky kyvl ieho ArQ ho
skdy hn ik ihMdU SlwGw krn vwly slwhuMdy hn[
The above line means that ‘the hindus who praises, praise
(Almighty)’ because the last consonant ‘n’ of the word
comes with a sihari.
jpu jI swihb dI quk, “suixAY muK swlwhx mMdu”,
bwbq BI BulyKw ipAw krdw hY[ keI s`jx iehdy ArQ krdy hn,
ik nwm dy suxn nwl mMdy lok mMUh qoN slwhuMdy hn, ieh TIk nhIN
ikauNik jy “swlwhx” dy ArQ ‘slwhuMdy hn’ huMdy qW iehdy AMq
ivc nMny nwl ishwrI huMdI[ ieh TIk hY ik ienHW ArQW ivc ivrlI
QW qy nMny dy bdly phwVI muhwvry vwlw xwxw BI Aw jWdw hY, pr
bhuq QoVHw[KYr, nMnw hovy jW xwxw, iehdy nwl ishwrI qW jrUrI hY[
ies leI ‘swlwhx’ ƒ BwvwrQ jW ikirAwvI-nWv krky hI mMnWgy[
iehdy ArQ hn, slwhxw Aqy swrI quk dy ArQ ieh hoxgy: ijnW
ijnW ny vwijgurU dy scy nwmu ƒ sRvx kIqw hY, auh BwvyN mMdy pwpI
sn, sMswr ivc muKI slwhuxy Xog ho gey[
In Jap Ji Sahib, “suixAY muK swlwhix mMdu”, is misunderstood
as it is translated as ‘Upon listening to Almighty Name, the
wicked ones praises Almighty with their mouth’, this would
have been correct if the word would have appeared with a
sihari. In the word .. the .. appeared without a sihari
therefore .. is a verb-noun which means ‘praise worthy’. The
above line means ‘Whoever listened to Almighty’s Name
they are become praise worthy although they were wicked
before’.
mrin: - “mrin muxsw sUirAw hku hY jo hoie mrin prvwxo]” (vfhMs m: 1)

keI ies dy ArQ ieau krdy hn : mrnw mrdW Aqy bhwdrW dw s`cw
hY jy mrnw prvwn hovy[ ieQy Bu`l ieh hY ik Sbd ‘mrin’ ƒ
ikirAwvI-nWv krky ilAw igAw hY[ pr nMny dI ishwrI dsdI hY ik
ieh ikirAw hY Aqy iehdy ArQ hn, mrdy hn[ Agy jw ky AMqlI
quk ivc ‘mrin’ dI QW ‘mrih’ AwieAw hY[ swrI quk dy ArQ ieh
hn: mrxw aunHW mrdW Aqy bhwdrW dw h`k hY jo prvwn ho ky mrdy
hn[
14.2 BivK`q kwl (Future Tense)
iesy qrHW jd AMqly s`sy-nMny vwlI ikirAw BivK`q kwl (Future Tense)
ivc hovy Aqy auhdw krqw bhuvcn AnX-purK hovy qW BI AMq ivc ishwrI
huMdI hY[ ieh ikirAw p`CmI pMjwb ivc Ajy q`k vrqI jWdI hY[
When a word’s last consonant’s group of ‘s’ and ‘n’ appears as
future tense and third person plural the last ‘n’ comes along with a
sihari.
pausin - “qlbw pausin AwkIAw bwkI ijnw rhI ]” (m: 1, vwr rwmklI)
jwsin - “mƒiK sIgwru n jwxnI jwsin jƒ sBu hwir ]”
(m: 3 vwr rwmklI)
isM\wpsin - “AgY gey isM\wpsin cotw KwsI kauxu ]” (slok PrId)
bhsin - “gorw sy inmwxIAw bhsin rUhw mil ]” (slok PrId)
14.3 vrqmwn kwl (Present Tense)

14.3.1 bhuvcn AnX purK (Third Person Plural)

jd bhuvcn AnX purK (Third Person Plural) dI ikirAw smwn

vrqmwn kwl (Present Imperfect) ivc hovy qW AMqly ‘h’ nwl ishwrI
huMdI hY:-
When third person plural and present impect word appears then the
last consonant ‘h’ comes with a sihari.
mwrih - “mwrih lUtih nIq nIq…]” (gauVI m: 1)

mwrdy hn, lu`tdy hn[
14.3.2 iek-vcn m`Dm purK (Second Person

Singular)
iesy qrHW jd iek-vcn m`Dm purK (Second Person Singular) dI

ikirAw smwn vrqmwn kwl (Present Imperfect) ivc hovy qW BI AMqly
‘h’ nwl ishwrI huMdI hY:-
When second person singular and present impect word appears
then the last consonant ‘h’ comes with a sihari.
johih - “vyil prweI johih jIAVy…]” (gauVI m: 1)
rhIeyih, - “hMsu cilAw qMU ipCY rhIeyih CutiV hoeIAih nwrI ]”

hoeIAih (gauVI m: 1)
15.0 ishwrI (Sihari)

15.1 mUilk ishwrI (Original Sihari)
mUilk ishwrI, ArQwq jy koeI Sbd iksy hor bolI ivcoN AwauNidAW Apxy
nwl AMqlI ishwrI ilAwieAw hovy qW auh ishwrI kwiem rhygI[ kuJ Sbd
ies pRkwr hY[

The original sihari is the syllable which is brought along by the

words originating from its mother language and these syllable
remains with the word. Some of the words are as follows;
hir, nwir, rwis (=rws mMfl),jugiq, Duin, BUim, Driq, pRIiq, idRsit,
Awid, isimRiq, nwiB, mydin, SkqI, rYix, rwiq, ruiq, isRsit, jW isriT,
kIriq, riv, Agin,jW Awig, jW Aig, smwiD, mriq, jiq, joiq, rIiq,
Aiq, ibRiq, privriq, inrivriq, iQiq, SWiq, AwiQ, srix, iniD, iriD,
ibiD, join, ibBUiq, suriq, DUir,jW DUiV, jW DUil, muin, iqRpiq, AwiD,
ibAwiD, aupwiD, icMqwmix, sÍsiq jW suAsiq Awidk[
Bgiq = - pr ijQy BgqI krn vwly qoN Bwv hovy auQy ‘Bgqu’ (iek-vcn) jW
BgqI ‘Bgq’ (bhu-vcn) Awvygw :
“qyrI Bgiq qyrI Bgiq BMfwr jI Bry ibAMq byAMqw]” qyry Bgq qyry
Bgq slwhin quDu jI hir Aink Anyk AnMqw]” (Awsw m: 4)
mukiq= - “mukiq Bugiq jugiq qyrI syvw]” (sUhI m: 5)

mukqI pr ijQy Bwv mukqI pRwpq krn vwly qoN hovy, auQy ‘mukqu’ jW
‘mukq’ Awvygw[
“ieh jIau sdw mukqu hY]” (m: 3 vwr gUjrI)
giq= - “nwmo giq nwmo piq jn kI]” (DnwsrI m: 5)

gqI, mukqI pr ijQy ies Sbd dy ArQ ‘cilAw, igAw, hoieAw, hox auQy
iehdI Skl ‘gqu’ jW ‘gq’ hovygI:
“AipE pIE gqu QIE Brmw…]” (jYqsrI m: 5)
ArQwq, Brm clMqU hoey[
“dUK rog Bey gqu…]’ (Awsw m: 5)
du`K rog clxy vwly bxy[
gMiF=gMiT - “jy jwxw lVu iCjxw pIfI pweI gMiF]” (PrId)

jW gMTI pr ijQy ieh Sbd bdl ky ‘joV’ dy ArQ rKdw Aqy puilMg huMdw hY,
auQy ‘gMiF’ krky iliKAw jWdw hY:-
“kYhW kMcnu qutY swru] AgnI gMFu pwey lohwru]” (m: 1, vwr mwJ)
“swcy nwil qyrw gMFu lwgY]” (Awsw m: 3)
buiD,isiD= - “iriD buiD isiD igAwnu sdw suKu hoie ]”

bu`DI,isDI (m: 1 vwr mlwr )
pr ijQy bu`DI ƒ, isDI ƒ pRwpq hoey-hoey mnu`KW qoN Bwv hovy , aQy
Sbd buDu, isDu (iek-vcn) jW buD isD (bhuvcn) Awauxgy:
“BY ivic isD buD sur nwQ]” (Awsw dI vwr)
miq=buiD: - “miq QoVI syv gvweIAY]’’ (Awsw dI vwr)

hoCI buDI krky kIqI krqI syvw gvw leIdI hY[ ieQy ‘miq’ dy ArQ
‘AYsw nw hovy ik’ nhI kIqy jw skdy ikaNuik ik ‘m`q’ dw q`qw aus
hwlq ivc KwlI huMdw hY[ jW auhdy nwl AONkV huMdw hY[ ishwrI nhI
huMdI[
jd ‘mqu’ dy ArQ ‘m`qw hoieAw’ jW ‘msq’ huMdy hn, qW BI q`qy
nwl ishwrI nhI huMdI, AOkV huMdw hY[XQw-
“mnu mY mqu mYgl imkdwrw]” (DnwsrI m: 3)
mn Srwb dw m`qw hoieAw hwQI vrgw hY[ iesy vjn qy Sbd ‘krm-
rq bixAw hY[ ijs dy ArQ hn ‘krmw dw rqw: XQw-
koeI hoAw kRm-rqu koeI qIrQ nwieAw]” (DnwsrI m: 5)
piq=pqI - “jh inrml purKu purKu-piq hoqw]” (suKmnI)

jW iez`q “eyqu rwih piq pvVIAw ]” (jpu jI)
ienHW dohW qukW ivc ‘piq’ qo Bwv pqI jW Brqw hY[
“mUriK AMDY piq gvweI]” (Awsw dI vwr)
ieQy ‘piq’ dy ArQ mwx jW ie`jq hn[
iesy qrHW ‘ibpiq’ nwl ishwrI AwvygI[
jd ‘pq’ dy ArQ ‘pqr’ hox qW q`qw mukqw jW auhdy nwl AONkV
hovygw[
“Pl iPky Pul bkbky kMim n Awvih pq]”
(Awsw dI vwr)
‘pqu’ jogIAW dI sMpRdw dw BI Sbd hY[
“squ sMqoKu pqu kir JolI jogI
AMimRq nwmu Bugiq pweI]” (rwmklI m: 3)
“pqu JolI mMgx kY qweI BIiKAw nwmu pVy]”
(rwmklI m: 1)
imiq=hd - “krqy kI imiq krqw jwxY kY jwxY guru sUrw]”

(Extent) (dKxI EAMkwru)
ijQy ‘imqu’ im`qr dI QW Awvy , auQy q`qy nwl ishwrI nhIN huMdI :
“imtI peI AqolvI koie n hosI imqu]”
(slok PrId)
“imqu pYJY imqu ibgsY…]” (rwmklI s`d)
siq=scw: - ieh ivSySx (adjective) hY qy iehdy AMq ivc ishwrI AwauNdI hY:
“crn siq, siq prsnhwr]
pUjw siq, siq syvdwr]
“Awip siq, siq sB DwrI]” (suKmnI)
pr ijQy ‘squ’ nWv (noun) huMdw hY auQy iehdw q`qw mukqw jW AONkV
vwlw huMdw hY[Aqy ArQ huMdy hn: ‘scu’ jW ‘siqAw’ ‘dwn pun’ jW
iksy Kws SRyxI dw Kws Drm’ ijvyN, iesqRI jwqI dw Kws gux cwl-
clx dI piv`qRqw hY[XQw:
“suixAY squ, sMqoKu, igAwnu]” (jpu jI)
ieQy ‘squ’ dy ArQ hn, scweI dw Bwv[
“piq ivxu pUjw, sq ivxu sMjm, jq ivxu kwhy jnyaU]”
(rwmklI m: 1)
ieQy ‘sq’ dy ArQ ‘dwn’ hn[ ibnw dwn dy sMjm nwl rihxw
kMjUsI hovygI[
“squ sIgwr, Bau AMjnu pwieAw] AMimRq nwmu qMbol muiK KwieAw]”
(sUhI m:5)
ieQy iesqRI rUp ho ky gurU swihb vwihgurU-kMq ƒ rIJwx leI Awpxy
isMgwr dw vyrvw dsdy hn[“squ” qoN Bwv iesqRI dw jq hY[
“ibnu sq sqI hoie kYsy nwir]” (gauVI kbIr)
kil=klI, - “nw-mrjwdu AwieAw kil BIqir nWgo bMiD clwieAw]”

kilXug, (vfhMsu m: 1)
icMqw jW “gurmiK nwmu jpY auDrY so kil mih Git Git nwnk mwJw]”
Blky (sUhI m: 5)
ienHW dohW qukW ivc ‘kil’ qoN Bwv kiljug hY[
“kil klys imtMq ismrix kwit jmdUq Pws]” (gUjrI m: 5)
ieQy ‘kil’ qoN Bwv icMqw jW mn dw du`K hY[
jd ‘kl’ dy ArQ klw, SkqI, hunr jW skIm huMdy hn qW iehdy
AMq ishwrI nhI huMdI:
“Awpy hI krxw kIE kl Awpy hI qY DwrIAY]”
(Awsw dI vwr)
“jwiq mih joiq, joiq mih jwqw, Akl klw BrpUir rihAw]”
(Awsw dI vwr)
ieQy ‘Akl’ dy ArQ ‘klpdw qoN rihq’ nhI ho skdy, ikauNik l~ly
nwl ishwrI nhI[ ieQy ‘Akl klw’ dy ArQ hn : AYsy hunr nwl
jo (bxwautI) hunr qoN rihq hovy, Bwv bhuq hI au~cy Aqy AcMBw kr
dyx vwly koml hunr nwl[ sB qoN cMgw hunr auh huMdw hY ijs ivc
hunr dI hoNd nw idsy[ icqrkwr Awpxy hunr ivc pUrn sPlqw qd
hI pRwpq krdw hY jd vyKx vwly dIAW A`KW dy swmHixEN icqr dw
kwgz Aqy rMgwkwrI ElHy ho jwvy qy inrI mUrq hI mUrq idsy[ jy
mUrq dIAW A`KW Aqy bulHW v`l vyKidAW kwgz dI qKqI Aqy rMg
dIAW JrItW vyKx vwly dI rucI ƒ iK`cdIAW hn, qW auhdw hunr pUrw
nhI[ rwjw duSXMq skuMqlw dI qsvIr vyKidAW-vyKidAW ienw mgn
ho jWdw hY ik auhdIAw AwpxIAw A`KW coN hMJU ikr ky mUrq dIAW

A`KW auqy jw pYNdw hY, pr auhƒ ieho prqIq huMdw hY auh hMJU
icqrkwr ny skuMqlw dIAW A`KW ivc bxwieAw hY[ jy duSXMq dw
kwgz Aqy rMgW v`l iDAwn jWdw qW auhdy auqy ieh Asr nw huMdw[
sWg rcx vwilAW Aqy gwaux vwilAW dw BI ieho Xqn huMdw hY ik jo
vsIly qy FMg hunr ƒ kwmXwb bxwn ivc vrqy jWdy hn, auh lokW
dIAW A`KW Aqy kMnW qoN lop rihx[ iesy leI lwqInI ivc iek
AKwvq hY ik “hunr dy Cupwx dw nW hunr hY”[r`b dw hunr auhdI
kudrq hY[ gurU swihb dw Bwv ieh hY ik swrIAW SRyxIAW dIAW
hsqIAW ivc vwihgurU dw nUr hY[ Aqy ausy nUr ivc swrIAW hsqIAW
hn[ pr ieh nUr auhnw ivc AYsy koml hunr nwl pRvyS kr irhw hY
ik mwno koeI hunr vriqAw hI nhI igAw[ mwdI cIjW ivc
Awqimk-joq dw smwauxw iek v`fy AcMBy dI g`l hY[ gulwb dy bUty
ivc auhdw bIj, im`tI, pwxI, hvw Awidk mwdI cIjW rl ky kMm kr
rhIAW hn[pr ienHW qoN A`f iek hor koml qoN koml cIz BI kMm kr
rhI hY auh hY vwihgurU dI joq[jo aus dI mwdI hsqI ivc Ajyhy
brIk Aqy AidRS qrIky nwl vrqdI hY ik v`fy qoN v`fw swieMsdwn BI
hYrwn rih jWdw hY[ iesy qrW swfy srIr, swfy mn, swfI Awqmw,
swfy rUp, swfy rMg ivc vwihgurU dI joq Alop ho ky vrq rhI hY Aqy
swfw BI sB qoN au~cw Prz ieho dìsAw hY ik
“inrMkwr mih Awkwru smwvY]
Akl klw scu swic itkwvY]
So nru grB join nhI AwvY]” (Awsw m: 1)
ArQwq, jo mnùK AwpxI mwdI hsqI ƒ Awkwr rihq mhW joqI srUp
vwihgurU ivc lIn kry Aqy pUrx jugqI nwl AwpxI AslIAq ƒ
vwihgurU dI AslIAq ivc itkw dyvy, qW bs auh mukq ho igAw
smJo[
siT=sTI: - “suixAY ATsiT kw iesnwnu]” (jpu jI)

‘siT’ dI purwxI Skl ‘sTI’ hY, ijvyN-
“cwlIsI puru hoie, pcwsI pgu iKsY, sTI ky boFypw AwvY]”

(vwr mwJ m: 1)
gurbwxI ivc ‘sT’ BI AwieAw hY, ijs dw ArQ huMdw hY mUrK
(fool):
“sT kToru kulhInu ibAwpq mohu kIcu]”

(Awsw m: 5)
iesy qrHW jd ‘koit’ dw Bwv ‘kRoV’ huMdw hY qW iehdy AMq ivc
ishwrI huMdI hY Aqy jd iehdw ArQ ‘iklHw’ huMdw hY qW tYNkw KwlI
jW AONkV nwl AwauNdw hY[jd ‘hsiq’ ‘hsqI’ dI QW hwQI dy ArQ
rKdw hY, qW iehdy AMq ivc ishwrI AwauNdI hY Aqy jd iehdy ArQ
huMdy hn, hQ, jW ‘hsdw’ qd iehdI Skl ‘hsqu’ jW ‘hsq’ huMdI
hY[‘suiD’ dy ArQ ‘soJI’ hn, ‘suDu’ dy ArQ soiDAw hoieAw
hn[‘mUriq’ dy ArQ ‘mUrqI’ jW Skl hn Aqy ‘mUrqu’ mhUrq dI
QW AwieAw hY[
In the same manner when the word ‘koit’ means ‘ten
million’ a sihari appears on the last consonant but it means
‘fort’ then ‘t’ remains empty or appears with an auangkar.
When the word ‘hsiq’ or ‘hsqI’ means elephant, sihari or
bihari appears on the last consonant but when the same word
means ‘happen’, ‘hand’ or ‘laughing’ then the .. letter
appears empty or with an auangkar.
In the same manner, ‘suiD’ means ‘realisation’ and ‘suDu’
means ‘corrected’.
In the same manner, ‘mUriq’ means ‘idol’ and ‘mUrqu’ means
‘auspicious time’.
15.2 iesqRI ilMg vwck ishwrI (Feminine Sihari)

iesqRI ilMg SbdW vwsqy ishwrI dI vrqoN ikqI jWdI hY, ijvyN ik hyT il`Ky
Sbd hn jo gurbwxI ivc vrqy hn[
Sihari is often use to define a feminine word, following are some of
these words which appeared in Gurbani;
BMfwrix, Ahrix, souhwgix, prdysin, klwlin, bYrin, mwilin, bnjwrin,

bYrwgix, swhin (=SwhxI), swpin, srpin, jlin, dwmin, vrqix,
pVosix, saukin, gIhin, qwjin jW qyjix (=GoVI), Gwix, kwix, Awix,
pwix[
kwmix: - “guix kwmx kwmix krY qau ipAwry kau pwvY]”

(iqlMg m: 1)
jo iesqRI guxw dy qvIq bxwey qW ipAwry ƒ pw skdI hY[pihly ‘kwmx’
dw xwxw mukqw hY Aqy auhdw ArQ hY qvIq jW tUxy Dwgy qy dUjy dy AMq
ivc ishwrI hY Aqy ArQ iesqRI hY[
The above Gurbani line means that a woman who makes a
charm of virtues obtains her beloved groom. The first ‘kwmx’
word appeared without any syllable which means ‘charm’ and
the second ‘kwmix’ word appeared with a sihari which means
‘woman’.
qruix: “jYsI qruix Bqwr aurJI, iprih isvY, iehu mnu lwl dIjY ]”
(Awsw m: 5)
ieQy ‘qruix’ dw ArQ iesqRI hY[ The word ‘qruix’ here means
woman.
“qrxu duhylw BieAw iKn mih Ksmu iciq n AwieE]”
(Awsw m: 5)
ieQy ‘qrxu’ qoN Bwv ‘qrxw’ hY[ keI Bu`l krky ‘qrxu’ dw ArQ
iesqRI krdy hn, ikauNik ies quk ivc Sbd ‘Ksm’ AwieAw hY[
In the above line the word ‘qrxu’ means to swim across. Some
misinterpret the word ‘qrxu’ as woman because the word

‘Ksm’ appeared in same line which means husband.
‘qrux’ dw ArQ jvwnI hY:

The word ‘qrux’ also means youth age.
“qrux qyju pr iqRA muK johih sru Ap sru n pCwixAw]’
(sRI rwg byxI)
ienHW qoN Cu`t kuJ hor Sbd hyTW idMdy hW ijnHW dy AMq ivc ishwrI iesqRI-
ilMg vwck hY:-
Other then the words mentioned above, the words written below
are also the words made feminine by the sihari on the last
consonant.
byil jW vyil, dwil, Bwil, BIiq, krqUiq, dwiq, qpiq, Coiq, msIiq,
ruiq, htqwir (=hVqwl), lbiD, ndir, Kbir, foir, vwir jW vwiV
(=vwVI) CutiV, BsmiV, Ardwis, Purmwieis, swbwis, rhrwis, rwis[
15.3 iesqRI ilMg nWv (Feminine Noun Sihari)
keI vyr jd ivSySxI pd iesqRI-ilMg vwly nWv krky vrqy jWdy hn, qW BI
AMq ivc ishwrI AwauNdI hY[XQw:-
Sometimes sihari on the last consonant is used to define feminine
adjective noun, as follows;
bypIir - “suin AMDlI loeI bypIir]” (goNf kbIr)

kUiVAwir - “ipr kw hukmu n jwxeI, BweI, ivx nwvY kUiVAwir]”
(soriT m: 3)
suMdir, - “ibnu kMq ipAwry nh sUK swry hwr kM|x iDRgu bnw]
sujwix, suMdir sujwix cquir byqI sws ibnu jYsy qnw ]” (rwmklI m: 5)
cquir

cMcil - “cMcil sMig n cwlqI, sKIey, AMiq qij jwvq mwieAw ]”

(iblwvlu m: 5)
suGir, - “nh cquir suGir sujwin byqI moih inrguin gunu nhI ]”
inrguin (iblwvlu m: 5)
dyKo ieho Sbd jdoN puilMg huMdy hn, qW ishwrI ibnW AwauNdy hn:-
“suMdr suGr srUp isAwny pMchu hI moih ClI ry ]” (Awsw m: 5)
prDwin - “qMU sqvMqI qMU prDwin ]” (Awsw m: 5)
kurUuip srUip - “pihlI kurUip kujwiq kulKnI swhurY pyeIAY burI]

Ab kI srUip sujwin sulKnI shjy audir DrI]” (Awsw kbIr)
syvik - “ihrdY hir hir nwm rsu kvlw syvik iqsu]” (m: 3, vwr iblwvlu)
ijs dy ihrdy ivc hrI dw nwm-rs huMdw hY, l`CmI aus dI syvk huMdI hY[
15.4 ArbI BwSw dy nWv (Arabic Language Feminine

Noun Sihari)
ArbI qoN Awey nWv ijnHW dy AMq ivc qy dI QW q`qw hovy Aqy iesqRI-ilMg
hox, aunHW dy AMqly q`qy nwl ishwrI id`qI huMdI hY:-
The feminine words originated from Arabic language appears with
a sihari on the last consonant ‘q’ as follows;
kudriq, isPiq, ihkmiq, hujiq, imhrwmiq, srIAiq, hurmiq , gYriq,
krmwiq, jW krwmwiq, slwmiq, kImiq, muskiq, muhliq, naubiq,
nIAiq, hYriq, sUriq, jrUriq, iKjmiq, dauliq, imMniq, Ksliq,
inAwmiq, suniq, reIAiq, msUriq, muhbiq, qrIkiq, msliq, mwhIiq,
aumiq[

16.0 sMiKAwvwck (Count)
sMiKAwvwck Ainsicq pVnwvW jW ivSySxW (Indefinite Pronouns or

Adjectives) dI bhu vwck sMiKAw dy pRgt krn leI BI ishwrI vrqI geI
hY:-
Sihari is also used to highlight the count indefinate pronouns or
adjectives
ieik: - jdoN ‘iek’ bhuvcn nhI huMdw qW iehdy AMq ivc ishwrI nhI huMdI:
When ‘iek’ is singular then it appears without sihari.
“AslU ieku Dwqu]” (jpu jI)
pr jdoN ieh bhuvcn Ainsicq pVnWv jW ivSySx hovy qW iehdy AMq

ivc ishwrI jrUr hovygI:
But when the count word is indefinite pronoun or adjective then
it appears with a sihari.
“ieik Gir Awvih AwpxY, ieik imil imil puCih suK]” (Awsw m: 1)
“ieik dwqy ieik ByKwrI jI siB qyry coj ivfwxw]” (Awsw m: 4)
ies nym ƒ mùK r`K ky vyKo ik

“iek AwpIn@Y pqlI sh kyry bolw]” (sUhI PrId)
jo Awm qOr pr ArQ kIqy jWdy hn, auh ikQy q`k TIk hn[keI igAwnI
ies dw ieaUN ArQ krdy hn: ieknw ny Awp pq lY leI, mwlk dy bcn
mMn ky[ ies ivc keI nym BMg huMdy hn[ jy ‘iek’ dw ArQ ieknw ny
huMdw qW iehdy AMqly k`ky nwl ishwrI huMdI[iPr ‘piq’ ijs dw ArQ
‘iej`q’ hY ishwrI nwl AwauNdw[
Normally the above shabad is translated, ‘some has earn their
respect by obeying the Master’s instruction’. If the word ‘iek’
is intepreted as ‘some’ then there should have been a sihari on

‘k’ as the word ‘piq’ with sihari means ‘honour’.
dyKo nym 5.0 jo aupr ‘lI’ ijs dw ArQ leI hY, aurdU pd hY, jo bwbw
PrId jI kdI nhI vrq skdy[ies qo pqw l`gw ik quk dy ArQ TIk
nhI hn[ iPr ArQ TIk ikhVy hoey?
Refer to item 5.1 where the ‘lI’ is used to define the meaning
of this Urdu word ‘pqlI’ which literally means skinny. Bhagat
Fareed Ji would never have used this word (instead of ‘pq-lI’,
‘pq’means respect and ‘lI’means to take or to earn)
purwxI vlwieq vwlI swKI ivc ies quk ƒ ivgwV ky ieau iliKAw hY:
“iek Awip Dn pqlI ibAw sh ky bolw]” ies qo pqw lgdw hY ik
swKI ilKx vyly ies quk dw kI ArQ smiJAw igAw[ ies dI shwieqw
nwl TIk ArQ ieau jwpdy hn ik: ‘ie`k qW (iesqRI rUp) mnùK Awp
kmzor hY, auqoN mwlk dy krVy-krVy hukm cVdy hn[Bwv ieh ik ie`k
qW mnùK dI jwq hI inqwxI qy inrbl hY, auqoN ieho ijhy sKq hukm cVy
hoey hn ik,
Based on an old scripture (Walaiet Wali Sakhi) the same shabad
is written differently (compare to Gurbani) which could have
been based on the meaning which is ‘Firstly the human (form of
female) is weak and the command by the Master is very tough’.
“bolIAY scu Drmu JUTu n bolIAY]” (Awsw, PrId)
“nr Acyq pwp qy fru ry]” (gauVI m: 9)
“pr nwrI kI syj BUil supnY hMU n jYXhu]” (dsm gRMQ)
ihik: - “bin BIAwvlY ihku swQI lDmu]” (m: 5,vwr gUjrI)

ieQy ‘ihku’ iek-vcn hY[
“ihk dMU ihik cwVy Aink ipAwry, inq krdy Bog iblwsw]”
(jYqsrI m:5)
ieQy ‘ihik’ bhu-vcn krky ishwrI nwl AwieAw hY[
eyik: - “eyik ncwvih eyik Bvwvih ieik Awie jwie hoie DUrw]”

(rwmklI m:5)
hoir: - ‘hor’ jd iek vcn huMdw hY qW iehdw rwrw mukqw jW AONkV vwlw huMdw
hY[ ijvyN:
When the word ‘hor’ appears as singular there is no syllable or
with an aungkar on ‘r’ as follows;
“DrqI horu prY horu horu]” (jpu jI)
“krim imlY qw pweIAY-horu ihkmiq hukmu KuAwru]” (Awsw dI vwr)
“jy jug cwry Awrjw hor dsUxI hoie]” (jpu jI)
pr jdoN ieho Sbd bhu-vcn ho ky AwauNdw hY qW iehdy rwry nwl ishwrI
huMdI hY[
When the word ‘hor’ appears as plural then there is a sihari on
‘r’ as follows;
“eyqy kIqy hoir kryih]” (jpu jI)
“hoir kyqy gwvin sy mY iciq n Awvin]” (jpu jI)
“nwnk inrBau inrMkwru, hoir kyqy rwm rvwl]” (Awsw dI vwr)
“hau FwFI kw nIc jwiq, hoir auqm jwiq sdwiedy]” (Awsw dI vwr)
Avir: - “khY pRBu Avru, Avru ikCu kIjY]” (iblwvl m: 4)

ieQy ‘Avr’ iek-vcn hY[
“Avir apwv siB iqAwigAw dwrU nwmu lieAw]”
(iblwvlu m: 5)
“jpu qpu sBu ikCu mMinAY, Avir kwrw siB bwid]”
(m: 2, vwr rwmklI m: 3)
ienHW dohW qukW ivc ‘Avir’ bhu-vcn hox krky ishwrI nwl AwieAw
hY[
When the word ‘Avir’ appeared as plural therefore there is a
sihari ‘r’;
17.0 inscy-vwck (Demonstrative)

inscy-vwck pVnWv jW ivSySx (Demonstrative Pronouns or

Adjectives) iehu, eyhu, Ehu, jd puilMg iek-vcn hox qW iehnW dy AMqly
‘h’ qly AONkV huMdw hY, jW jd iesqRI-ilMg hox qW AMqly ‘h’ nwl ishwrI
lgdI hY:-
When the demonstrative pronoun or adjectives (this, that, etc.)
appears as singular masculine word then the last consonant ‘h’
comes with an aungkar and when it appears as feminine then the
last consonant ‘h’ comes with sihari as follows;
eyih - “shsw iehu sMswru hY]” (vwr mwJ m: 1)

“eyhu jgqu imtI kw puqlw]” (rwmklI m: 3)
ieQy ‘iehu’ qy ‘eyhu’ iek-vcn hn[
“pRB imlxY kI eyh nIswxI]” (mwJ m: 5)
ieQy ‘eyh’ iesqRI-ilMg iek-vcn hY[pr
“ijin eyih ilKy iqsu isir nwih]” (jpu)
ivc ‘eyih’ bhu-vcn hox krky auqly ‘h’ nwl ishwrI AweI hY[
The word ‘eyih’ appeared with sihari although it is masculine.
The sihari denotes the word to be plural.
Eih, Eie - “nwnk Ehu purKu khIAY jIvn mukiq]” (suKmnI)

ieQy ‘Ehu’ iek-vcn hY[The word ‘Ehu’ is a singular.
“qU Enw kw qyry Eih]” (sRI rwgu m: 1)

“nw Eih mrih n Twgy jwih]” (jpu)
ienHW dohW qukW ivc ‘Eih’ bhu-vcn hY[ keI vyr ‘Eih’ dI QW ‘Eie’
AwauNdw hY[ The word ‘Eih’ in both lines above is plural and
sometimes ‘Eie’ is used instead of ‘Eih’.
“Eie mƒK mUV AigAwnI khIAih]” (tofI m: 4)

18.0 BUqkwl (Past)
jd iksy vwk ivc ikirAw BUqkwl ivc hovy, qW aus dy krqw au~qy jor dyx
leI krqw dy AMqly A`Kr nwl ishwrI vrqI huMdI hY[ ieho ishwrI ky qy
lMmI ho ky lW bx jWdI hY[ijs dw izkr lW dy nym hyT krWgy[
Whenever there is sentence refering to the past the last consonant
of the particular word is stressed by the use of a sihari. The same
sihari prolongs the pronunciation of the word e.g. ‘ik’ sounds like
‘ky’ and ‘iq’ sounds like ‘ky’.
“nwmw sulqwny bwiDlw]” (BYrau nwmdyv)
ivc ‘sulqwny’ brwbr hY ‘sulqwin dy’ ijhdy ArQ hn ‘sulqwn ny’[

The word ‘sulqwny’ is a short for of ‘sulqwin dy’ which means
‘sulqwn ny’.
“TwiF pweI krqwry]” (soriT m: 5)
ivc ‘krqwry’ brwbr hY ‘krqwir’ dy ijhdy ArQ hn ‘krqwr ny’[ Ajy

q`k lihMdy poTohwr aqy ausmwn-KtV vl lokI kihMdy hn: ikSny mYƒ
mwirAw[eISr cMdy AwiKAw[jy zor nw dyxw cwhux qW auho lok AwKxgy:
ikSn mYƒ mwirAw[
The word ‘krqwry’ is a short for of ‘krqwir dy’ which means
‘krqwr ny’.
guir - “guir hwQu DirE myrY mwQw ]” (jYqsrI m: 4)

ArQwq, myry m`Qy qy h`Q gurU ny DirAw[Meaning: The Guru has
placed His hand on my forehead.
“so Gru guir nwnk kau dIAw ]” (gauVI m: 5)

gurU ny nwnk ƒ id`qw[ Meaning: Guru has given to Nanak
prmysuir - “hwQ dyie rwKy prmysuir sglw durqu imtwieAw ]” (gUjrI m: 5)
pRiB - “srb kilAwx pRiB kIny]” (soriT m: 5)

hr qrW dI suK-sWd pRBU ny kIqI[
puriK - “krqY puriK qwlu idvwieAw]” (soriT m: 5)

qlwA krqy-purK ny idvwieAw[
guir - “guir Amrdwis krqwru kIAau vis…]” (kIrq, sv`Xy m: 4)

Amrdwis gurU Amrdws ny krqwr ƒ vs kIqw[
siqguir - “ijn kau siqguir QwipAw iqn myit n skY koie]”

(isrI rwg m: 1)
ijnHW ƒ qW siqgurU ny AsQwpn kIqw hovy, aunHW ƒ koeI myt nhI
skdw[
bwip - “bwip idlwsw myro kInw] syj suKwlI muiK AMimRqu dInw]
iqsu bwp kau ikau mnhu ivswrI]” (Awsw kbIr)
pihlI quk ivc ‘bwip’ krqw hY Aqy qIjI ivc krm[
ipir - “ipir CifAVI suqI ipr kI swr n jwxI]” (quKwrI m: 1)

mUriK - “mUriK AMDY piq gvweI]” ( Awsw dI vwr)
AMnHy mUrK ny pq gvw leI[
ijin - “ijin hir pwieE iqnih CpwieE]” (tofI nwmdyv)

ijs iksy ny hrI ƒ pwieAw, aus ny ies g`l ƒ Cupw ky rìKAw hY[
“ijin dIey iqsu buJY n ibgwnw]” (suKmnI)

“Dnu Dnu siqguru ijin nwmu idRVwieAw]” (jYqsrI m: 4)

ienHW imswlW ivc ‘ijin’ krqw hY[ ijQy ieh krqw nhI huMdw, auQy
iehdy AMq ivc ishwrI nhI huMdI[XQw:
In the above Gurbani lines, the word ‘ijin’ means Creator
(Almighty), whenever it appears with a different meaning
(e.g. who, whoever. etc.) the consonant ‘n’ comes empty
without sihari as follows;
“ijn min pRIiq lgI hir kyrI iqn Duir Bwg purwnw]
iqn hm crx sryvh iKnu iKnu ijn hir mIT lgwnw]”
(jYqsrI m: 4)
iqin - “ijskw sw iqin lIAw imlwie]” (suKmnI)

ijQy ‘iqin’ krqw nhI huMdw auQy iehdy nMny nwl ishwrI nhI huMdI[
In the above Gurbani lines, the word ‘iqin’ means Creator
(e.g. he, she, etc.) the consonant ‘n’ comes empty without
sihari as follows;
“keI koit pwrbRhm ky dws] iqn hovq Awqm prgws]”(suKmnI)

“pVih guxih iqn cwr vIcwr]” (Awsw dI vwr)
ArQwq jo aunHW (vydW) ƒ pVdy-guxdy hn, iqnHW lokW ƒ krmw dI
ivcwr pRwpq huMdI hY, ik Amkw krm SuB hY qy Amkw ASuB[
Meaning: Those who reads and contemplates of scriptures
possess the knowledge of good and evil deeds.
ijs ‘iqin’ dy ArQ ‘qRY’ hn, auhdy nMny nwl sdw ishwrI huMdI hY:
Whenever, the word ‘iqin’ appears to denote number three
(3), the consonant ‘n’ comes with sihari as well.
“iqin cyly prvwxu]” (jpu jI)
“Qwl ivic iqMin vsqU peIE]” (muMdwvxI m:5)
Awip - “ijn kau Awip dyie vifAweI,

jgqu BI Awpy Awix iqn@ kau pYrI pwie]” (m: 4 vwr gauVI)
“Awip lIey liV lwie]” (Awsw PrId)
ienHW imswlW ivc ‘Awip’ krqw hY[ ijQy ieh krqw nhI huMdw, auQy
iehdy AMq ivc ishwrI nhI huMdI[
Whenever the word ‘Awip’ appears as Creator (Almighty) the
consonant ‘p’ comes with sihari.
“Awip jphu Avrw nwmu jpwvhu]” (suKmnI)

auprlI pMgqI ivc ‘Awip’ Sbd ijv ƒ drsauNdw hY, ishwrI jo
‘p’ AKr nwl lgI hY ijv eISvr dy ABydqw drsauNdI hY[
The word ‘Awip’ in the above Shabad means the being
although the consonant ‘p’ comes with sihari (which was
read earlier to be Almighty). This sihari is denoting the
ultimate fact that being and creator is the same therefore the
use of sihari delivers the message precisely.
“gur ikrpw qy jwixAw ijQY quDu Awpu buJwieAw]” (Awsw dI vwr)

ArQwq, mnu`K ƒ ijs hwlq jW pdvI ivc qYny Awpxw Awp disAw
hY, ausy hwlq ivc aus ny gurU dI ikrpw nwl qYƒ jwx ilAw hY[
“sB pvY pYrI siqgurU kyrI ijQY gurU Awp riKAw]” (rwmklI s`d)
swry pYrI pey siqgurU (rwmdws jI) dy, ijnHW ivc gurU (Amrdws jI)
ny Awpxw Awp rìKAw[
“siqguir imilAY scu pwieAw, ijnI ivchu Awpu gvwieAw]”

(Awsw dI vwr)

mnùK ny aus siqgurU dy imlx qoN s`c pwieAw, ijs ny auhdy ivcoN
haumY k`FI[
“nwnk vfw AwKIAY, Awpy jwxY Awpu]” (jpu jI)

nwnk, auh Awpxy Awp ƒ Awpy jwxdw hY, swƒ qW cwhIdw hY ik v`fw
hI AwKIey[
“jb Awpn Awpu Awip auir DwrY]” (suKmnI)

ies quk ivc ‘Awip’ krqw hY qy ‘Awpu’ krm hY[
The word ‘Awip’ means Creator (Almighty) and ‘Awpu’
means Himself therefore the meaning of the line is ‘When
He (Awip) Himself (Awpu) dwells within His Own (Awpn)
heart’.
“AwpIn@Y Awpu swijE, AwpIn@Y ricE nwau]” (Awsw dI vwr)

ies quk dy Am qOr ArQ TIk nhI kIqy jWdy[ lok ieh ArQ krdy
hn ik vwihgurU ny isRstI Awpxy Awp rcI Aqy Awpy hI jIvW dy nwauN
rcy[ ies qoN auprMq hor ikhVI cIj bxwn gocry rih geI sI, ijhdy
leI,
The above Asa Dhi Vaar Shabad is usually misinterpreted as
‘Almighty created the entire world Himself and He Himself
created the names for being’.
“duXI kudriq swjIAY” kihxw ipAw? ieh ArQ TIk nhI[ ieQy
‘Awpu’ krm hY, ijs dy ArQ hn ‘Awpxy Awp ƒ’[ BweI gurdws
jI BI kihMdy hn:
The word .. refers to a deed which means ‘He to Himself’.
Bhai Gurdas Ji writes as follows;
‘Awpy Awpu aupwie kY Awpy Awpxw nwau DrwieAw[ (vwr 187)
vwihgurU ƒ dohW rUpW ivc kQn kIqw igAw hY, iek qW Awpxy sMbMD
ivc Awp, ijs ƒ inrgux BI ikhw igAw hY, Aqy dUjw isRstI dy
sMbMD ivc, ijs ƒ srgux jW ‘nwm rUp’ krky sìdAw igAw hY[ jd
isRstI nhI sI bxI qW vwihgurU inrgux rUp ivc sI, Aqy jd aus ny
rcnw kr ky Awpxw pRkwS kIqw qW srgux rUp ho ky vrqx l`gw[
ienHW dohW rUpW dw ivsQwr suKmnI swihb dI iekIhvIN AstpdI
ivc Ku`ly qOr qy kIqw hoieAw hY[ bwvn A`KrI dI pihlI pauVI ivc
BI hY[gurU jI auprlI quk ivc dsdy hn ik vwihgurU inrgux Aqy
srgux dohW rUpW Awpxy Awp qoN hY[ iksy hor ny nhI bxwieAw[ ieho
Bwv keI hor vwrW dy ArMB ivc id`qw hoieAw hY[XQw:
Meaning: Almighty is described in His two forms; one
which is formless (Nirgun) and the second one is related to
creation which is in form (Sargun). When the creation was
created, Almighty was in His formless form and during the
manifestation of the creation He Himself created and
immerse into the entire creation which is elobrated in detail
in Pauri 21 of Sri Sukhmani Sahib and the first pauri of
Bavan Akhri. Therefore, “AwpIn@Y Awpu swijE, AwpIn@Y ricE
nwau]” means that Almighty He Himself who prevail in both
forms (Nirgun & Sargun) no other has created Him. The
similar concept is repeated in the following lines in Gurbani;
“Awpxw Awpu aupwieaunu, qdhu horu n koeI ]

mqw msUriq Awip kry, jo kry su hoeI]
qdhu Awkwsu n pqwlu hY nw qRY loeI]
qdhu Awpy Awip inrMkwru hY nw Epiq hoeI]”
(gUjrI kI vwr m: 3)
ieQy BI im: mYkwilP Aqy keI hornW ny “Awpxw Awpu aupwieEnu”
dy ArQ Bulky ieh kIqy hn ik vwihgurU ny Awpxy Awp rcnw rcI[
pr ieh nhI vyiKAw kI qlvIAW qukW ivc iehdy ault dìsAw hY ik
aus vyly nw AkwS sI, nw pqwl sI[ blik auqpqI hI nhI sI[iPr
pqw nhI ‘Awpxw Awp’ dy ArQ ‘Awpxy Awip’ iks qrW kr idMdy

hn! ieQy ArQ swP hY ik vwihgurU ny Awpxy Awp ƒ pYdw kIqw[
Kuid - “Kuid Ksm Klk jhwn Alh imhrvwn Kudwie]” (iqlMg m: 5)
19.0 ishwrI ƒ dIrG mwqR vwsqy (Sihari for Greater Matr)
keI vyr jd kivqw dI loV Anuswr LMmI Awvwz ƒ CotI krnw pYNdw hY qW
ishwrI hornW lgW mwqRW dI QW BI vrqI jWdI hY[
Sometimes sihari is used in replacement of great matr (bihari, laav,
etc.) to match the count of matras in accordance to peotry rules.
ibhwrI dI QW: - cwlis=cwlsI, auqris=auqrsI, qUtis=qutsI,

pkris=pkVsI, hovig=hovygI, vjig=v`jygI,
Awvig=AwvygI, bwix=bwxI, siB=sBI, hsiq=hsqI,
lyKix=lyKxI, mydin=mydnI, bil=blI,iB=BI,
jnin=jnnI,romwvil=romwvlI, mix=mxI,dubil=dublI[
cyir=cyrI: - “Aink mwieAw hY qw kI cyir]” (rwmklI m: 5)
pMiK=pMKI: - “jYsy qrvr pMiK bsyrw]” (soriT rivdws)
drbwir=drbwrI: - “mytI jwiq, hUey drbwir]” (goNf rivdws)
suAwim=suAwmI: - “mwq ipqw suAwim sjxu sBu jgqu bwl gupwlw]”

(vfhMsu m: 5)
godwvir=godwvrI - “gMgw jau godwvir jweIAY]” (rwmklI nwmdyv)

bwvil=bwvlI - “bwvil hoeI so shu lorau]” (sUhI PrId)
dwis=dwsIN=dwsW ny - “hir suK inDwn nwnk dwis pwieAw]” (DnwsrI m: 5)
suir, muin = surI, - “AwKih suir nr muin jn syv]” (jpu jI)

munI ArQwq, suir nr Aqy munI jn[ ieQy ‘suir’ Aqy ‘muin’
ivSySx hn nr Aqy jn dy[
“suixAY isD pIr suir nwQ]” (jpu jI)

‘suir’ dw ArQ dyvqw hY[
lW dI QW: - “nyir=nyVy: “koit ibGn nhI Awvih nyir]”(rwmklI m: 5)
cwir=cwry: - “pMifq mYlu n cukeI jy vyd pVih jug cwir]”

(m: 3, vwr soriT)
“ieh mwieAw kI soBw cwir idhwVy jwdI iblmu n hoie]”
(Awsw m: 3)
“ccY cwry vyd ijin swjy cwry KwxI cwr jugw]” (Awsw m: 1)
ijQy ‘cwr’ au~qy jor nhI huMdw , auQy lW jW ishwrI nhI
AwauNdI:
“cwr pdwrQ jy ko mwgY]” (suKmnI)
qil=qly: - “fuib muey bg bpuVy isru qil aupir pwau]”

(m: 3, vwr vfhMs)
ikMin=ikMny: - “ijmI puCY Asmwn PrIdw Kyvt ikMin gey]” (Awsw)
Coty XXy dI QW: - swsqRig=swsqRgÎ, DMin=DMnÎ, siq=sqÎ[

20.0 ibhwrI (Bihari)

20.1 bhubcn (Plural)
ibhwrI bhuvcn nwvW dy AMq ivc sMbMDkI ArQ idMdI hY[

The Bihari on the last consonant is usually used for plural words as
preposition.
isKI=is`KW ny - “isKI isiKAw gur vIcwir]” (Awsw dI vwr)
puqRI=puqRW ny - “puqRI kaulu n pwilE]” (vwr s`qw)
AKI=A`KW ƒ - “AKI sUqku vyKxw pr iqRA pr Dn rUp]”
kMnI=kMnW ƒ - “kMnI sUqku kMin pY lwieqbwrI Kwih]”(Awsw dI vwr)
aupwvI=aupwvW nwl - “Aink aupwvI rogu n jwie]” (suKmnI)
nyqRI=nyqRW nwl - “ien@I nyqRI jgqu inhwilAw]” (Awsw dI vwr)
AKrI=AK`rW nwl - “AKrI ilKxu bolxu bwix]” (jpu jI)
QxI=QxW krky - “ssuiV suhIAw ikv krI invxu n jwie QxI]”

(mhlw 1, slok vwrW qy vDIk)
AvqwrI=AvqwrW - “iksnu sdw AvqwrI rUDw…]” (vfhMsu m: 3)

ivc
20.2 ikirAw vwck (Deed)

aus ikirAw dy AMq ivc ijs dy ArQ hox, mYN krW jW krdw hW, Awidk-
Bihari is also used in verbs.
socI=mYN socW - “jy socI lK vwr]” (jpu jI)
krI=mYN krW - “kMcn ky kot dqu krI]” (sRI rwgu m: 1)
TgI=mYN T`gdw hW - “hau TgvwVw TgI dysu]” (sRI rwg m: 1)

fw. tRMp ny ies quk dy ArQ kIqy hn ik mY T`gW dy dyS
ivc iek T`g hW[mYkwilP ny BI ies ArQ ƒ prvwn kIqw
hY[
qolI=mYN qolW - “Gt hI BIqir so shu qolI…]” (sUhI m: 1)
20.3 ishwrI dI QW (In Replacement of Sihari)
kdI kdI aus ishwrI dy ArQ idMdI hY:-

Sometimes bihari reflect the meaning of sihari;
lhnI=lhin lYNdy - “nwnk krmW bwhry dir FoA n lhnI Dwvdy]”

(Awsw dI vwr)
jwxnI=jwxin,jwxdy - “mUrK scu n jwxnI]” (Awsw dI vwr)
cyqnI=cyqin,cyqdy - “nwnk nwmu n cyqnI AigAwnI AMDuly Avry krm

kmwih]” (m: 3, vwr soriT)
clnI=clin,cldy - “swhy ilKy n clnI ijMdU kMU smJwie]”(slok PrId)

(A)sMbMDkI ArQW - “ndrI moK duAwru]” (jpu jI)

ivc:-ndrI=ndr
nwl
ivjogI=ivjog nwl - “ivjogI imil ivCuVy, nwnk BI sMjog]” (mwrU m: 1)
bybwxI=bybwx ivc - “rhY bybwxI mVI mswxI]” (Awsw dI vwr)

mswxI=mswx ivc gur prswdI=gurU dy prswid nwl:
“khY nwnku gur prswdI shju aUpjY…]” (AnMdu)
21.0 AONkV (Aungkar)
AONkV iek-vcn (Singular) hox dI inSwnI hY[ puiMlMg nWv jd iek-vcn

hovy qW aus dy AMqly A`Kr qly AONkV huMdw hY[ies nWv dw jo ivSySx hovy,
aus dy AMq ivc BI AONkV huMdw hY ijvyN:-
Aungkar is used to define a singular word. When plural noun is a
singular then the last consonant comes with an aungkar.the
adjective of this noun also comes with an aungkar on the last
consonant.
iehu srIru: “iehu srIru kir fMfI ]” (rwmklI m: 3)
kml inrwlmu: “jYsy jl mih kmlu inrwlmu ]” (isD gosit)
Amulu Drmu: “Amulu Drmu Amulu dIbwxu ]” (jpu)
22.0 BUq kwl ikirAw (Past Tense)
swDwrx BUq kwl ikirAw (Past Tense) ijhdy AMq ivc nMnW hovy Aqy
ijhdw krqw iek-vcn AnÎ purK hovy auhdy nMny qly AONkV jrUr huMdw hY[

A normal past tense which appears with ‘n’ and the composer is
singular third person, the last consonant ‘n’ comes with an
aungkar.
bKisAin, auqwirAnu=aus ny bKSy,aus ny auqwry:
“kaux kaux AprwDI bKisAnu, ipAwry swcY sbid ivcwir]
Baujlu pwir auqwirAnu, BweI, siqgur byVY cwiV]” (soriT mhlw 3)
riKAnu=aus ny r`Ky - “jo Duir riKAnu myil imlwie]” (DnwsrI m: 3)
irVikEnu=aus ny - “mwDwxw prbqu kir, nyiqR bwsku, sbid irVikEnu]”

irVikAw (vwr s`qw blvMf)
lieAnu, lwwieEnu - “ieik AwpxY BwxY kiF lieAnu Awpy lieEnu imlwie]”
(isrI rwgu m: 3)
inkwilAnu=aus ny - “caudh rqn inkwilAnu kIqonu cwnwxu]”

inkwly (vwr s`qw blvMf)
“Koty Kry siB prKIAin iqqu scy kY drbwrw rwm]
Koty drgh sutIAin aUBy krin pukwrw rwm]”
(vfhMs m: 3)
ieQy ‘prKIAin’ dy ArQ ‘prKy jWdy hn’ hY[ jy ies dy
ArQ ‘aus ny prKy’ huMdy, qW ieh Sbd ‘priKAnu’ huMdw,
ArQwq, iehdy K`Ky nwl ishwrI Aqy nMny nwl AONkV huMdw[
23.0 AnumqXwrQ lkwr (Imperative Mood)
keI vyr pRq`K AnumqXwrQ lkwr (Imperative Mood) vwly ikirAw Sbd
dy AMq ivc AONkV AwauNdw hY[ ijvyN:-
Sometimes the obvious imperative mood verbs ends with an
aungkar on the last consonant, as follows;
dyhu - “Awvhu imlhu shylIE mY ipru dyhu imlwie]” (isrI rwgu m: 3)
clu - “muMDy qU clu gur kY Bwie]” (isrI rwgu m: 3)
pru - “iqs kI srnI pru mnw]” (isrI rwgu m: 5)
24.0 mUilk AOkV (Original Auangkar)
keI Aijhy Sbd hn ijnHW dy AMq ivc AONkV mUilk AMg hox krky Awaudw
hY[
There some words which ends with an aungkar as the original
syllable reflecting the word.
ikqu, sBqu, ibnu, bhuqu, iekqu, ibMdu, Awidk[
keI iesqRI ilMg nWv hn, ijnHW dy AMq mUilk AONkV huMdw hY jo iksy hwlq
ivc lihMdw hI nhI ijvyN:-
There are also some faminine noun words which comes along with
the original aungkar, as follows;
Dwqu - “Dwqu imlY Puin Dwqu kau…]” (isrI rwgu m: 1)
ibKu - “ibKu kI kwr kmwvxI ibKu hI mwih smwih]” (isrI rwgu m: 3)
rqu - “ivic rwKY rsnw mws rqu kyrI]” (gauVI m: 4)

iesy qrW mlu, msu, vsqu, vQu, ryxu, Dynu, klqu Awidk iesqRI-ilMg
nWv AONkV nwl AwauNdy hn[

25.0 ‘h’ ƒ AOkV (Aungkar on ‘h’)

25.1 nWv (Noun) Sbd
iek` l w ‘h’ dU h rw ‘h’

1. rwhu rwhhu
2. isAwhu isAwhhu
3. swhu swhhu
iek`lw ‘h’ Q`ly AMkq AONkV krqw (creator) kwrk

(case) Aqy krm (subject) kwrk dw iek-vcnI
(singular) kwrk-icMnH hY, ijs dw aucwrx nwskqw
(nasal sound) qoN bgYr hY, jd ik dUhry ‘h’ dy Sbd
ivc AMqlw ‘hu’ Apwdwn kwrk (Ablative*) dw iek-
vcnI (singular) kwrk-icMnH hY[ [*(Ablative :-
denoting a case of nouns, pronouns, and
adjectives indicating the agent in passive
sentences or the instrument, manner, or place of
the action described by the verb)
25.2 ikirAw (Verb) Sbd

1. khu khhu
2. bhu bhhu
3. rhu rhhu
4. shu shhu

iek`lw ‘h’ Q`ly AMkq AONkV hY ijs duAwrw DwqUAW

qoN hukmI Biv`Kq kwl (future tense), m`Dm purK,
iek-vcn dIAW ikirAW bxIAW hn, jd ik dUhry
‘h’ dy Sbd ivc AMqlw ‘hu’ ijs duAwrw DwqUAW qoN
hukmI Biv`Kq kwl, m`Dm purK, bhu-vcn (plural)
dIAW ikirAW bxIAW hn [
26.0 dUlYNkV (Dulangkar)

26.1 nWv qy sMbMDkI Sbd (Noun & Preposition)
iksy nWv nwl jd aus dy ip`Cy sMbMDkI pd vriqAw jwxw hovy, hux q`k
poTohwr ivc kihMdy hn, KMfU ny iKfwvxy, ryqU ny P`ky, mwaU kI AwK[
When a noun is followed by preposition then dulangkar end the
word.
vsqU - “vsqU AMdir vsqu smwvY]” (Awsw dI vwr)
ijMdU - “swhy ilKy n clnI ijMdU kUM smJwie]” (slok PrId)
KwkU - “PrIdw Kwku n inMdIAY KwkU jyfu n koie]” (slok PrId)

“Ehu iKn mih rulqw KwkU nwil]” (goNf m: 5)
ssU - “ssU qy ipir kInI vwiK]” (Awsw m: 5)
pIXU - “pIXU dwdy jyivhw poqw prvwxu]” (vwr s`qw)
26.2 sMbMDkI Sbd (Preposition Word)

sMbMDkI ArQW ivc:-

The use of dilangkar as preposition;
KyhU=Kyih=Kyh ivc: “KyhU Kyh rlweIAY]” (isrIrwgu m: 1)
26.3 hoVy dI QW (In replacement to Hora)
keI vyr dulYNkVy hoVy dI QW vrqy gey hn[:-

Sometimes dulangkay is used in replacement of Hora
AslU-AsloN, ijdU=ijdoN: “ijdU ikCu guJw n hoie]”(vwr gauVI m: 4)
iqdU - “mws n iqdU Kwih]” (slok PrId)

kU=ko - “PrIdw mY jwinAw duKu muJ kU…]” (slok PrId)
27.0 lW (Laa’n)
ishwrI dI QW keI vyr lW vrqI geI hY:- ishwrI dI QW keI vyr lW vrqI
geI hY:-
Sometimes Laa’n is used to replace sihari and vice-versa;
pVy=piV - “kibq pVy piV kibqw mUey]” (soriT kbIr)
muhy=muih - “muhy muih cotw Kwie]” (isrI rwgu m: 1)
kUVy=kUiV=kUV ivc - “AsMK kUiVAwr kUVy iPrwih]” (jpu jI)
dry=dir - “hir dry hir dir sohin qyry Bgq ipAwry rwm]”(Awsw m: 5)
sMswry=sMswir - “sMqoKu BieAw sMswry]” (soriT m: 5)

sMgy=sMig - “pyKq sunq sdw hY sMgy, mY mUrK jwinAw dUrI ry]”(soriT m: 5)
swQy=swiQ - “nwnk pRBu myrY swQy]” (soriT m: 5)
Dury=Duir - “soeI vrqY jig ij kIAw quDu Dury]” (m: 5 vwr gUjrI)
aupry=aupir - “muKu qlY pYru aupry vsMdo kuhQVY Qwie]” (vwr jYqsrI m: 5)
bRhmMfy,ipMfy=bRhmMf, - “jo bRhmMfy soeI ipMfy, jo KojY so pwvY]” (DnwsrI pIpw)

ipMf
kuMBy=kuMiB: - “kuMBy bDw jlu rhY]” (Awsw dI vwr)
AMqy=AMiq: - “AMqy siqguru boilAw mY ipCY kIrqnu kirAhu inrbwxu jIau]”

(sdu suMdr)
28.0 dulweIAW (Dulaava)

28.1 sQwnvwck (Defining Place)
keI vyr ieh lg sQwnvwck sMbMDkI ArQW ivc vrqI jWdI hY[ ieh nrol
pMjwbI muhwvrw hY Aqy poTohwr ivc hux q`k vriqAw jWdw hY[ ijvyN, auh
koTy ciVHAw hY, jW FokY igAw hY[
Sometimes this syllable is used as preposition for a place.
dUjY=dUjy nwl jW ƒ - “sBo sUqku Brmu hY dUjY lgY jwie]” (Awsw dI vwr)
irdY=irdy ivc - “scu qw pru jwxIAY jw irdY scw hoie]” (Awsw dI vwr)
mMdY=mMd ivc - En@I mMdY pYru n riKE…]” (Awsw dI vwr)

rYnVIAY=rYn ivc - “iBMnI rYnVIAY cmkin qwry]” (Awsw m: 5)
jMgIAY=jMGW nwl - “PrIdw ienI inkI jMgIAY Ql fUMgr BivEim@]” (slok)
khxY=khx nwl - “khxY kQin n BIjY goibMdu]” (soriT m: 5)
sUAY=sUey au~qy - “sUAY cwiV BvweIAih jMq]” (Awsw dI vwr)
nwrwiexY=nwrwiex - “rMg sBy nwrwiexY jyqy min BwvMin]” (bwrh mwhw mwJ m: 5)
pwis iesy qrHW caukY, mQY, pyVY, sMjY, lyKY, qRyqY, ipCY, AgY, qlY,
GoVVY, gMTVIAY, suKY, rwmdwsY, Awidk[
28.2 nWv (Noun)
iksy nWv dy AMq ivc, ijhdy nwl sMbMDkI Sbd vriqAw jwxw hovy:-
At the end of noun where preposition word is used;
GrY - “GrY AMdir sBu vQu hY]” (Awsw m: 3)
nwvY - “sB nwvY no locdI]” (Awsw m: 3)

“haumY nwvY nwil ivroDu hY]” (vfhMsu m: 3)
28.3 ivSySx (Adjective)
jd iksy nWv nwl au~qy d`sy guxW vwlI ishwrI (jW dulweIAW) l`gI hovy qW
aus dy ivSySx dy AMq ivc lW dI QW dulWeIAW AwvxgIAW[
When a noun is appears with an Sihari (or Dulavaa) as mentioned
above, the following adjective will end with dulavaa instead of
Laa’n.

AMDY - “mUriK AMDY piq gvweI]” (Awsw dI vwr)
pUrY - “guir pUrY imhrvwin Brmu Bau mwirAw]” (m: 4, vwr iblwvl)
“siqguir pUrY syivAY dUKw kw hoie nwsu]” (vwr gauVI m: 5)
BIVY - “rwih BIVY AgY jwvxw]” (Awsw dI vwr)
BIhwvlY - “bin BIhwvlY ihku swQI lDmu duK hrqw hir nwmw]”
(m: 5,vwr gUjrI)
sbwieAY - “PrIdw mY jwinAw duKu muJ kU duKu sbwieAY jig]” (slok PrId)
myrY - “Blky auiT prwhuxw myrY Gir Awvau]” (m: 5,vwr gauVI)
qyrY - “Bgq qyrY min Bwvdy…]” (Awsw dI vwr)

Bgq lok qyry mn ƒ BWvdy hn[iehdw ieh Arq nhI ik qyry
Bgq mn ƒ BwauNdy hn[
“qyrY BrosY, ipAwry, mY lwf lfwieAw]” (isrI rwgu m: 5)
prwieAY - “PrIdw bwir prwieAY bYsxw sweI muJY n dyih]”(slok PrId)
kcY - “PrIdw kcY BWfY rKIAY ikcru qweI nIru]” (slok PrId)
pihlY - “pihlY pihrY PulVw…]” (slok PrId)
28.4 ikirAw (Verb)

ikirAw dy AMq ivc kwrixk ArQW nwl[ijvyN:

The end of a verb defines the action, as follows;
suixAY=suxn krky: - KwDY=Kwx qoN[ ies dw izkr ishwrI dy nym 14 hyTW Aw cu`kw hY[
29.0 knOVw (Kenora)
knOVw keI QWeI sQwn-vwck SMbMDkI dy qOr qy vriqAw igAw hY[ArQ

kridAW iehdy nwl ibMdI lw leIdI hY[XQw:-
In some places the word which describes a location the kenora is
used as the preposition
AwpON=Awp QoN - “nwnk jy ko AwpO jwxY AgY gieAw n sohY]” (jpu jI)
hy nwnk! jy koeI mnu`K koeI kwrj Awpxy qoN hoieAw jwxy, qW
auh AglI drgwh jw ky cMgw nhIN l`gygw[
muhO=mUMh qoN - “muhO ik bolxu bolIAY ijqu suix Dry ipAwru]” (jpu jI)
iesy qrHW “ iek dU jIBO lK hoih…]”
(jpu jI) dw hwl hY[

gurbwxI ivAwkrx
Gurbani Viakaran
MODULE 5
Content
30.0 ishwrI (Sihari)
30.4 ArbI BwSw dy nWv (Arabic Language Feminine

Noun Sihari)

1.0 ishwrI (Sihari)

mUilk ishwrI, ArQwq jy koeI Sbd iksy hor bolI ivcoN AwauNidAW Apxy
nwl AMqlI ishwrI ilAwieAw hovy qW auh ishwrI kwiem rhygI[ kuJ Sbd
ies pRkwr hY[
The original sihari is the syllable which is brought along by the
words originating from its mother language and these syllable
remains with the word. Some of the words are as follows;
hir, nwir, rwis (=rws mMfl),jugiq, Duin, BUim, Driq, pRIiq, idRsit,
Awid, isimRiq, nwiB, mydin, Skiq, rYix, rwiq, ruiq, isRsit, jW isriT,
kIriq, riv, Agin,jW Awig, jW Aig, smwiD, mriq, jiq, joiq, rIiq,
Aiq, ibRiq, privriq, inrivriq, iQiq, SWiq, AwiQ, srix, iniD, iriD,
ibiD, join, ibBUiq, suriq, DUir,jW DUiV, jW DUil, muin, iqRpiq, AwiD,
ibAwiD, aupwiD, icMqwmix, sÍsiq jW suAsiq Awidk[
Bgiq = - pr ijQy BgqI krn vwly qoN Bwv hovy auQy ‘Bgqu’ (iek-vcn) jW
BgqI ‘Bgq’ (bhu-vcn) Awvygw :
“qyrI Bgiq qyrI Bgiq BMfwr jI Bry ibAMq byAMqw]” qyry Bgq qyry
Bgq slwhin quDu jI hir Aink Anyk AnMqw]” (Awsw m: 4)
mukiq= - “mukiq Bugiq jugiq qyrI syvw]” (sUhI m: 5)

mukqI pr ijQy Bwv mukqI pRwpq krn vwly qoN hovy, auQy ‘mukqu’ jW
‘mukq’ Awvygw[
“ieh jIau sdw mukqu hY]” (m: 3 vwr gUjrI)
giq= - “nwmo giq nwmo piq jn kI]” (DnwsrI m: 5)

gqI, mukqI pr ijQy ies Sbd dy ArQ ‘cilAw, igAw, hoieAw, hox auQy
iehdI Skl ‘gqu’ jW ‘gq’ hovygI:
“AipE pIE gqu QIE Brmw…]” (jYqsrI m: 5)
ArQwq, Brm clMqU hoey[
“dUK rog Bey gqu…]’ (Awsw m: 5)
du`K rog clxy vwly bxy[
gMiF=gMiT - “jy jwxw lVu iCjxw pIfI pweI gMiF]” (PrId)

jW gMTI pr ijQy ieh Sbd bdl ky ‘joV’ dy ArQ rKdw Aqy puilMg huMdw hY,
auQy ‘gMFu’ krky iliKAw jWdw hY:-
“kYhW kMcnu qutY swru] AgnI gMFu pwey lohwru]” (m: 1, vwr mwJ)
“swcy nwil qyrw gMFu lwgY]” (Awsw m: 3)
buiD,isiD= - “iriD buiD isiD igAwnu sdw suKu hoie ]” (m: 1 vwr mlwr )
bu`DI,isDI pr ijQy bu`DI ƒ, isDI ƒ pRwpq hoey-hoey mnu`KW qoN Bwv hovy , aQy
Sbd buDu, isDu (iek-vcn) jW buD isD (bhuvcn) Awauxgy:
“BY ivic isD buD sur nwQ]” (Awsw dI vwr)
miq=buiD: - “miq QoVI syv gvweIAY]’’ (Awsw dI vwr)

hoCI buDI krky kIqI krqI syvw gvw leIdI hY[ ieQy ‘miq’ dy ArQ
‘AYsw nw hovy ik’ nhI kIqy jw skdy ikaNuik ik ‘m`q’ dw q`qw aus
hwlq ivc KwlI huMdw hY[ jW auhdy nwl AONkV huMdw hY[ ishwrI nhI
huMdI[
jd ‘mqu’ dy ArQ ‘m`qw hoieAw’ jW ‘msq’ huMdy hn, qW BI q`qy
nwl ishwrI nhI huMdI, AOkV huMdw hY[XQw-
“mnu mY mqu mYgl imkdwrw]” (DnwsrI m: 3)
mn Srwb dw m`qw hoieAw hwQI vrgw hY[ iesy vjn qy Sbd ‘krm-
rq bixAw hY[ ijs dy ArQ hn ‘krmw dw rqw: XQw-
koeI hoAw kRm-rqu koeI qIrQ nwieAw]” (DnwsrI m: 5)

piq=pqI - “jh inrml purKu purKu-piq hoqw]” (suKmnI)

jW iez`q “eyqu rwih piq pvVIAw ]” (jpu jI)
ienHW dohW qukW ivc ‘piq’ qo Bwv pqI jW Brqw hY[
“mUriK AMDY piq gvweI]” (Awsw dI vwr)
ieQy ‘piq’ dy ArQ mwx jW ie`jq hn[
iesy qrHW ‘ibpiq’ nwl ishwrI AwvygI[
jd ‘pq’ dy ArQ ‘pqr’ hox qW q`qw mukqw jW auhdy nwl AONkV
hovygw[
“Pl iPky Pul bkbky kMim n Awvih pq]”
(Awsw dI vwr)
‘pqu’ jogIAW dI sMpRdw dw BI Sbd hY[
“squ sMqoKu pqu kir JolI jogI
AMimRq nwmu Bugiq pweI]” (rwmklI m: 3)
“pqu JolI mMgx kY qweI BIiKAw nwmu pVy]”
(rwmklI m: 1)
imiq=hd - “krqy kI imiq krqw jwxY kY jwxY guru sUrw]”

(Extent) (dKxI EAMkwru)
ijQy ‘imqu’ im`qr dI QW Awvy , auQy q`qy nwl ishwrI nhIN huMdI :
“imtI peI AqolvI koie n hosI imqu]”
(slok PrId)
“imqu pYJY imqu ibgsY…]” (rwmklI s`d)
siq=scw: - ieh ivSySx (adjective) hY qy iehdy AMq ivc ishwrI AwauNdI hY:
“crn siq, siq prsnhwr]
pUjw siq, siq syvdwr]
“Awip siq, siq sB DwrI]” (suKmnI)
pr ijQy ‘squ’ nWv (noun) huMdw hY auQy iehdw q`qw mukqw jW AONkV
vwlw huMdw hY[Aqy ArQ huMdy hn: ‘scu’ jW ‘siqAw’ ‘dwn pun’ jW
iksy Kws SRyxI dw Kws Drm’ ijvyN, iesqRI jwqI dw Kws gux cwl-

clx dI piv`qRqw hY[XQw:

“suixAY squ, sMqoKu, igAwnu]” (jpu jI)
ieQy ‘squ’ dy ArQ hn, scweI dw Bwv[
“piq ivxu pUjw, sq ivxu sMjm, jq ivxu kwhy jnyaU]”
(rwmklI m: 1)
ieQy ‘sq’ dy ArQ ‘dwn’ hn[ ibnw dwn dy sMjm nwl rihxw
kMjUsI hovygI[
“squ sIgwr, Bau AMjnu pwieAw] AMimRq nwmu qMbol muiK KwieAw]”
(sUhI m:5)
ieQy iesqRI rUp ho ky gurU swihb vwihgurU-kMq ƒ rIJwx leI Awpxy
isMgwr dw vyrvw dsdy hn[“squ” qoN Bwv iesqRI dw jq hY[
“ibnu sq sqI hoie kYsy nwir]” (gauVI kbIr)
kil=klI, - “nw-mrjwdu AwieAw kil BIqir nWgo bMiD clwieAw]”

kilXug, (vfhMsu m: 1)
icMqw jW “gurmiK nwmu jpY auDrY so kil mih Git Git nwnk mwJw]”
Blky (sUhI m: 5)
ienHW dohW qukW ivc ‘kil’ qoN Bwv kiljug hY[
“kil klys imtMq ismrix kwit jmdUq Pws]” (gUjrI m: 5)
ieQy ‘kil’ qoN Bwv icMqw jW mn dw du`K hY[
jd ‘kl’ dy ArQ klw, SkqI, hunr jW skIm huMdy hn qW iehdy
AMq ishwrI nhI huMdI:
“Awpy hI krxw kIE kl Awpy hI qY DwrIAY]”
(Awsw dI vwr)
“jwiq mih joiq, joiq mih jwqw, Akl klw BrpUir rihAw]”
(Awsw dI vwr)
ieQy ‘Akl’ dy ArQ ‘klpdw qoN rihq’ nhI ho skdy, ikauNik l~ly
nwl ishwrI nhI[ ieQy ‘Akl klw’ dy ArQ hn : AYsy hunr nwl
jo (bxwautI) hunr qoN rihq hovy, Bwv bhuq hI au~cy Aqy AcMBw kr
dyx vwly koml hunr nwl[ sB qoN cMgw hunr auh huMdw hY ijs ivc

hunr dI hoNd nw idsy[ icqrkwr Awpxy hunr ivc pUrn sPlqw qd

hI pRwpq krdw hY jd vyKx vwly dIAW A`KW dy swmHixEN icqr dw
kwgz Aqy rMgwkwrI ElHy ho jwvy qy inrI mUrq hI mUrq idsy[ jy
mUrq dIAW A`KW Aqy bulHW v`l vyKidAW kwgz dI qKqI Aqy rMg
dIAW JrItW vyKx vwly dI rucI ƒ iK`cdIAW hn, qW auhdw hunr pUrw
nhI[ rwjw duSXMq skuMqlw dI qsvIr vyKidAW-vyKidAW ienw mgn
ho jWdw hY ik auhdIAw AwpxIAw A`KW coN hMJU ikr ky mUrq dIAW
A`KW auqy jw pYNdw hY, pr auhƒ ieho prqIq huMdw hY auh hMJU
icqrkwr ny skuMqlw dIAW A`KW ivc bxwieAw hY[ jy duSXMq dw
kwgz Aqy rMgW v`l iDAwn jWdw qW auhdy auqy ieh Asr nw huMdw[
sWg rcx vwilAW Aqy gwaux vwilAW dw BI ieho Xqn huMdw hY ik jo
vsIly qy FMg hunr ƒ kwmXwb bxwn ivc vrqy jWdy hn, auh lokW
dIAW A`KW Aqy kMnW qoN lop rihx[ iesy leI lwqInI ivc iek
AKwvq hY ik “hunr dy Cupwx dw nW hunr hY”[r`b dw hunr auhdI
kudrq hY[ gurU swihb dw Bwv ieh hY ik swrIAW SRyxIAW dIAW
hsqIAW ivc vwihgurU dw nUr hY[ Aqy ausy nUr ivc swrIAW hsqIAW
hn[ pr ieh nUr auhnw ivc AYsy koml hunr nwl pRvyS kr irhw hY
ik mwno koeI hunr vriqAw hI nhI igAw[ mwdI cIjW ivc
Awqimk-joq dw smwauxw iek v`fy AcMBy dI g`l hY[ gulwb dy bUty
ivc auhdw bIj, im`tI, pwxI, hvw Awidk mwdI cIjW rl ky kMm kr
rhIAW hn[pr ienHW qoN A`f iek hor koml qoN koml cIz BI kMm kr
rhI hY auh hY vwihgurU dI joq[jo aus dI mwdI hsqI ivc Ajyhy
brIk Aqy AidRS qrIky nwl vrqdI hY ik v`fy qoN v`fw swieMsdwn BI
hYrwn rih jWdw hY[ iesy qrW swfy srIr, swfy mn, swfI Awqmw,
swfy rUp, swfy rMg ivc vwihgurU dI joq Alop ho ky vrq rhI hY Aqy
swfw BI sB qoN au~cw Prz ieho dìsAw hY ik
“inrMkwr mih Awkwru smwvY]
Akl klw scu swic itkwvY]
So nru grB join nhI AwvY]” (Awsw m: 1)
ArQwq, jo mnùK AwpxI mwdI hsqI ƒ Awkwr rihq mhW joqI srUp

vwihgurU ivc lIn kry Aqy pUrx jugqI nwl AwpxI AslIAq ƒ
vwihgurU dI AslIAq ivc itkw dyvy, qW bs auh mukq ho igAw
smJo[
siT=sTI: - “suixAY ATsiT kw iesnwnu]” (jpu jI)

‘siT’ dI purwxI Skl ‘sTI’ hY, ijvyN-
“cwlIsI puru hoie, pcwsI pgu iKsY, sTI ky boFypw AwvY]”
(vwr mwJ m: 1)
gurbwxI ivc ‘sT’ BI AwieAw hY, ijs dw ArQ huMdw hY mUrK
(fool):
“sT kToru kulhInu ibAwpq mohu kIcu]”

(Awsw m: 5)
iesy qrHW jd ‘koit’ dw Bwv ‘kRoV’ huMdw hY qW iehdy AMq ivc
ishwrI huMdI hY Aqy jd iehdw ArQ ‘iklHw’ huMdw hY qW tYNkw KwlI
jW AONkV nwl AwauNdw hY[jd ‘hsiq’ ‘hsqI’ dI QW hwQI dy ArQ
rKdw hY, qW iehdy AMq ivc ishwrI AwauNdI hY Aqy jd iehdy ArQ
huMdy hn, hQ, jW ‘hsdw’ qd iehdI Skl ‘hsqu’ jW ‘hsq’ huMdI
hY[‘suiD’ dy ArQ ‘soJI’ hn, ‘suDu’ dy ArQ soiDAw hoieAw
hn[‘mUriq’ dy ArQ ‘mUrqI’ jW Skl hn Aqy ‘mUrqu’ mhUrq dI
QW AwieAw hY[
In the same manner when the word ‘koit’ means ‘ten
million’ a sihari appears on the last consonant but it means
‘fort’ then ‘t’ remains empty or appears with an auangkar.
When the word ‘hsiq’ or ‘hsqI’ means elephant, sihari or
bihari appears on the last consonant but when the same word
means ‘happen’, ‘hand’ or ‘laughing’ then the .. letter
appears empty or with an auangkar.
In the same manner, ‘suiD’ means ‘realisation’ and ‘suDu’
means ‘corrected’.

In the same manner, ‘mUriq’ means ‘idol’ and ‘mUrqu’ means

‘auspicious time’.
iesqRI ilMg SbdW vwsqy ishwrI dI vrqoN ikqI jWdI hY, ijvyN ik hyT il`Ky
Sbd hn jo gurbwxI ivc vrqy hn[
Sihari is often use to define a feminine word, following are some of
these words which appeared in Gurbani;
BMfwrix, Ahrix, souhwgix, prdysin, klwlin, bYrin, mwilin, bnjwrin,

bYrwgix, swhin (=SwhxI), swpin, srpin, jlin, dwmin, vrqix,
pVosix, saukin, gIhin, qwjin jW qyjix (=GoVI), Gwix, kwix, Awix,
pwix[
kwmix: - “guix kwmx kwmix krY qau ipAwry kau pwvY]”

(iqlMg m: 1)
jo iesqRI guxw dy qvIq bxwey qW ipAwry ƒ pw skdI hY[pihly ‘kwmx’
dw xwxw mukqw hY Aqy auhdw ArQ hY qvIq jW tUxy Dwgy qy dUjy dy AMq
ivc ishwrI hY Aqy ArQ iesqRI hY[
The above Gurbani line means that a woman who makes a
charm of virtues obtains her beloved groom. The first ‘kwmx’
word appeared without any syllable which means ‘charm’ and
the second ‘kwmix’ word appeared with a sihari which means
‘woman’.
qruix: “jYsI qruix Bqwr aurJI, iprih isvY, iehu mnu lwl dIjY ]”
(Awsw m: 5)
ieQy ‘qruix’ dw ArQ iesqRI hY[ The word ‘qruix’ here means
woman.
“qrxu duhylw BieAw iKn mih Ksmu iciq n AwieE]”

(Awsw m: 5)
ieQy ‘qrxu’ qoN Bwv ‘qrxw’ hY[ keI Bu`l krky ‘qrxu’ dw ArQ
iesqRI krdy hn, ikauNik ies quk ivc Sbd ‘Ksm’ AwieAw hY[
In the above line the word ‘qrxu’ means to swim across. Some
misinterpret the word ‘qrxu’ as woman because the word
‘Ksm’ appeared in same line which means husband.
‘qrux’ dw ArQ jvwnI hY:

The word ‘qrux’ also means youth age.
“qrux qyju pr iqRA muK johih sru Ap sru n pCwixAw]’
(sRI rwg byxI)
ienHW qoN Cu`t kuJ hor Sbd hyTW idMdy hW ijnHW dy AMq ivc ishwrI iesqRI-
ilMg vwck hY:-
Other then the words mentioned above, the words written below
are also the words made feminine by the sihari on the last
consonant.
byil jW vyil, dwil, Bwil, BIiq, krqUiq, dwiq, qpiq, Coiq, msIiq,
ruiq, htqwir (=hVqwl), lbiD, ndir, Kbir, foir, vwir jW vwiV
(=vwVI) CutiV, BsmiV, Ardwis, Purmwieis, swbwis, rhrwis, rwis[
keI vyr jd ivSySxI pd iesqRI-ilMg vwly nWv krky vrqy jWdy hn, qW BI
AMq ivc ishwrI AwauNdI hY[XQw:-

Sometimes sihari on the last consonant is used to define feminine

adjective noun, as follows;
bypIir - “suin AMDlI loeI bypIir]” (goNf kbIr)

kUiVAwir - “ipr kw hukmu n jwxeI, BweI, ivx nwvY kUiVAwir]”
(soriT m: 3)
suMdir, - “ibnu kMq ipAwry nh sUK swry hwr kM|x iDRgu bnw]
sujwix, suMdir sujwix cquir byqI sws ibnu jYsy qnw ]” (rwmklI m: 5)
cquir
cMcil - “cMcil sMig n cwlqI, sKIey, AMiq qij jwvq mwieAw ]”

(iblwvlu m: 5)
suGir, - “nh cquir suGir sujwin byqI moih inrguin gunu nhI ]”
inrguin (iblwvlu m: 5)
dyKo ieho Sbd jdoN puilMg huMdy hn, qW ishwrI ibnW AwauNdy hn:-
“suMdr suGr srUp isAwny pMchu hI moih ClI ry ]” (Awsw m: 5)
prDwin - “qMU sqvMqI qMU prDwin ]” (Awsw m: 5)
kurUuip srUip - “pihlI kurUip kujwiq kulKnI swhurY pyeIAY burI]

Ab kI srUip sujwin sulKnI shjy audir DrI]” (Awsw kbIr)
syvik - “ihrdY hir hir nwm rsu kvlw syvik iqsu]” (m: 3, vwr iblwvlu)
ijs dy ihrdy ivc hrI dw nwm-rs huMdw hY, l`CmI aus dI syvk huMdI hY[
1.4 ArbI BwSw dy nWv (Arabic Language Feminine Noun

Sihari)

ArbI qoN Awey nWv ijnHW dy AMq ivc qy dI QW q`qw hovy Aqy iesqRI-ilMg
hox, aunHW dy AMqly q`qy nwl ishwrI id`qI huMdI hY:-
The feminine words originated from Arabic language appears with
a sihari on the last consonant ‘q’ as follows;
kudriq, isPiq, ihkmiq, hujiq, imhrwmiq, srIAiq, hurmiq , gYriq,
krmwiq, jW krwmwiq, slwmiq, kImiq, muskiq, muhliq, naubiq,
nIAiq, hYriq, sUriq, jrUriq, iKjmiq, dauliq, imMniq, Ksliq,
inAwmiq, suniq, reIAiq, msUriq, muhbiq, qrIkiq, msliq, mwhIiq,
aumiq[
sMiKAwvwck Ainsicq pVnwvW jW ivSySxW (Indefinite Pronouns or

Adjectives) dI bhu vwck sMiKAw dy pRgt krn leI BI ishwrI vrqI geI
hY:-
Sihari is also used to highlight the count indefinate pronouns or
adjectives
ieik: - jdoN ‘iek’ bhuvcn nhI huMdw qW iehdy AMq ivc ishwrI nhI huMdI:
When ‘iek’ is singular then it appears without sihari.
“AslU ieku Dwqu]” (jpu jI)
pr jdoN ieh bhuvcn Ainsicq pVnWv jW ivSySx hovy qW iehdy AMq

ivc ishwrI jrUr hovygI:
But when the count word is indefinite pronoun or adjective then

it appears with a sihari.
“ieik Gir Awvih AwpxY, ieik imil imil puCih suK]” (Awsw m: 1)
“ieik dwqy ieik ByKwrI jI siB qyry coj ivfwxw]” (Awsw m: 4)

ies nym ƒ mùK r`K ky vyKo ik

“iek AwpIn@Y pqlI sh kyry bolw]” (sUhI PrId)
jo Awm qOr pr ArQ kIqy jWdy hn, auh ikQy q`k TIk hn[keI igAwnI
ies dw ieaUN ArQ krdy hn: ieknw ny Awp pq lY leI, mwlk dy bcn
mMn ky[ ies ivc keI nym BMg huMdy hn[ jy ‘iek’ dw ArQ ieknw ny
huMdw qW iehdy AMqly k`ky nwl ishwrI huMdI[iPr ‘piq’ ijs dw ArQ
‘iej`q’ hY ishwrI nwl AwauNdw[
Normally the above shabad is translated, ‘some has earn their
respect by obeying the Master’s instruction’. If the word ‘iek’
is intepreted as ‘some’ then there should have been a sihari on
‘k’ as the word ‘piq’ with sihari means ‘honour’.
dyKo nym 1.1 jo aupr ‘lI’ ijs dw ArQ leI hY, aurdU pd hY, jo bwbw
PrId jI kdI nhI vrq skdy[ies qo pqw l`gw ik quk dy ArQ TIk
nhI hn[ iPr ArQ TIk ikhVy hoey?
Refer to item 1.1 where the ‘lI’ is used to define the meaning
of this Urdu word ‘pqlI’ which literally means skinny. Bhagat
Fareed Ji would never have used this word (instead of ‘pq-lI’,
‘pq’means respect and ‘lI’means to take or to earn)
purwxI vlwieq vwlI swKI ivc ies quk ƒ ivgwV ky ieau iliKAw hY:
“iek Awip Dn pqlI ibAw sh ky bolw]” ies qo pqw lgdw hY ik
swKI ilKx vyly ies quk dw kI ArQ smiJAw igAw[ ies dI shwieqw
nwl TIk ArQ ieau jwpdy hn ik: ‘ie`k qW (iesqRI rUp) mnùK Awp
kmzor hY, auqoN mwlk dy krVy-krVy hukm cVdy hn[Bwv ieh ik ie`k
qW mnùK dI jwq hI inqwxI qy inrbl hY, auqoN ieho ijhy sKq hukm cVy
hoey hn ik,
Based on an old scripture (Walaiet Wali Sakhi) the same shabad
is written differently (compare to Gurbani) which could have
been based on the meaning which is ‘Firstly the human (form of
female) is weak and the command by the Master is very tough’.
“bolIAY scu Drmu JUTu n bolIAY]” (Awsw, PrId)
“nr Acyq pwp qy fru ry]” (gauVI m: 9)

“pr nwrI kI syj BUil supnY hMU n jYXhu]” (dsm gRMQ)
ihik: - “bin BIAwvlY ihku swQI lDmu]” (m: 5,vwr gUjrI)

ieQy ‘ihku’ iek-vcn hY[
“ihk dMU ihik cwVy Aink ipAwry, inq krdy Bog iblwsw]”
(jYqsrI m:5)
ieQy ‘ihik’ bhu-vcn krky ishwrI nwl AwieAw hY[
eyik: - “eyik ncwvih eyik Bvwvih ieik Awie jwie hoie DUrw]”
(rwmklI m:5)
hoir: - ‘hor’ jd iek vcn huMdw hY qW iehdw rwrw mukqw jW AONkV vwlw huMdw
hY[ ijvyN:
When the word ‘hor’ appears as singular there is no syllable or
with an aungkar on ‘r’ as follows;
“DrqI horu prY horu horu]” (jpu jI)
“krim imlY qw pweIAY-horu ihkmiq hukmu KuAwru]” (Awsw dI vwr)
“jy jug cwry Awrjw hor dsUxI hoie]” (jpu jI)
pr jdoN ieho Sbd bhu-vcn ho ky AwauNdw hY qW iehdy rwry nwl ishwrI
huMdI hY[
When the word ‘hor’ appears as plural then there is a sihari on
‘r’ as follows;
“eyqy kIqy hoir kryih]” (jpu jI)
“hoir kyqy gwvin sy mY iciq n Awvin]” (jpu jI)
“nwnk inrBau inrMkwru, hoir kyqy rwm rvwl]” (Awsw dI vwr)
“hau FwFI kw nIc jwiq, hoir auqm jwiq sdwiedy]” (Awsw dI vwr)
Avir: - “khY pRBu Avru, Avru ikCu kIjY]” (iblwvl m: 4)

ieQy ‘Avr’ iek-vcn hY[
“Avir apwv siB iqAwigAw dwrU nwmu lieAw]”

(iblwvlu m: 5)
“jpu qpu sBu ikCu mMinAY, Avir kwrw siB bwid]”
(m: 2, vwr rwmklI m: 3)
ienHW dohW qukW ivc ‘Avir’ bhu-vcn hox krky ishwrI nwl AwieAw
hY[
When the word ‘Avir’ appeared as plural therefore there is a
sihari ‘r’;

gurbwxI ivAwkrx
Gurbani Viakaran
MODULE 6
Content
33.0 BUqkwl (Past)
35.0 ibhwrI (Bihari)

35.1 bhubcn (Plural)
36.0 AONkV (Aungkar)

inscy-vwck pVnWv jW ivSySx (Demonstrative Pronouns or

Adjectives) iehu, eyhu, Ehu, jd puilMg iek-vcn hox qW iehnW dy AMqly
‘h’ qly AONkV huMdw hY, jW jd iesqRI-ilMg hox qW AMqly ‘h’ nwl ishwrI
lgdI hY:-
When the demonstrative pronoun or adjectives (this, that, etc.)
appears as singular masculine word then the last consonant ‘h’
comes with an aungkar and when it appears as feminine then the
last consonant ‘h’ comes with sihari as follows;
eyih - “shsw iehu sMswru hY]” (vwr mwJ m: 1)
“eyhu jgqu imtI kw puqlw]” (rwmklI m: 3)
ieQy ‘iehu’ qy ‘eyhu’ iek-vcn hn[
“pRB imlxY kI eyh nIswxI]” (mwJ m: 5)
ieQy ‘eyh’ iesqRI-ilMg iek-vcn hY[pr
“ijin eyih ilKy iqsu isir nwih]” (jpu)
ivc ‘eyih’ bhu-vcn hox krky auqly ‘h’ nwl ishwrI AweI hY[
The word ‘eyih’ appeared with sihari although it is masculine.
The sihari denotes the word to be plural.
Eih, Eie - “nwnk Ehu purKu khIAY jIvn mukiq]” (suKmnI)

ieQy ‘Ehu’ iek-vcn hY[The word ‘Ehu’ is a singular.
“qU Enw kw qyry Eih]” (sRI rwgu m: 1)
“nw Eih mrih n Twgy jwih]” (jpu)
ienHW dohW qukW ivc ‘Eih’ bhu-vcn hY[ keI vyr ‘Eih’ dI QW ‘Eie’
AwauNdw hY[ The word ‘Eih’ in both lines above is plural and
sometimes ‘Eie’ is used instead of ‘Eih’.
“Eie mƒK mUV AigAwnI khIAih]” (tofI m: 4)

2.0 BUqkwl (Past)
jd iksy vwk ivc ikirAw BUqkwl ivc hovy, qW aus dy krqw au~qy jor dyx
leI krqw dy AMqly A`Kr nwl ishwrI vrqI huMdI hY[ ieho ishwrI ky qy
lMmI ho ky lW bx jWdI hY[ijs dw izkr lW dy nym hyT krWgy[
Whenever there is sentence refering to the past the last consonant
of the particular word is stressed by the use of a sihari. The same
sihari prolongs the pronunciation of the word e.g. ‘ik’ sounds like
‘ky’ and ‘iq’ sounds like ‘ky’.
“nwmw sulqwny bwiDlw]” (BYrau nwmdyv)

ivc ‘sulqwny’ brwbr hY ‘sulqwin dy’ ijhdy ArQ hn ‘sulqwn ny’[
The word ‘sulqwny’ is a short for of ‘sulqwin dy’ which means
‘sulqwn ny’.
“TwiF pweI krqwry]” (soriT m: 5)

ivc ‘krqwry’ brwbr hY ‘krqwir’ dy ijhdy ArQ hn ‘krqwr ny’[ Ajy
q`k lihMdy poTohwr aqy ausmwn-KtV vl lokI kihMdy hn: ikSny mYƒ
mwirAw[eISr cMdy AwiKAw[jy zor nw dyxw cwhux qW auho lok AwKxgy:
ikSn mYƒ mwirAw[
The word ‘krqwry’ is a short for of ‘krqwir dy’ which means
‘krqwr ny’.
guir - “guir hwQu DirE myrY mwQw ]” (jYqsrI m: 4)

ArQwq, myry m`Qy qy h`Q gurU ny DirAw[Meaning: The Guru has
placed His hand on my forehead.
“so Gru guir nwnk kau dIAw ]” (gauVI m: 5)
gurU ny nwnk ƒ id`qw[ Meaning: Guru has given to Nanak
prmysuir - “hwQ dyie rwKy prmysuir sglw durqu imtwieAw ]” (gUjrI m: 5)

pRiB - “srb kilAwx pRiB kIny]” (soriT m: 5)

hr qrW dI suK-sWd pRBU ny kIqI[
puriK - “krqY puriK qwlu idvwieAw]” (soriT m: 5)

qlwA krqy-purK ny idvwieAw[
guir - “guir Amrdwis krqwru kIAau vis…]” (kIrq, sv`Xy m: 4)

Amrdwis gurU Amrdws ny krqwr ƒ vs kIqw[
siqguir - “ijn kau siqguir QwipAw iqn myit n skY koie]”

(isrI rwg m: 1)
ijnHW ƒ qW siqgurU ny AsQwpn kIqw hovy, aunHW ƒ koeI myt nhI
skdw[
bwip - “bwip idlwsw myro kInw] syj suKwlI muiK AMimRqu dInw]
iqsu bwp kau ikau mnhu ivswrI]” (Awsw kbIr)
pihlI quk ivc ‘bwip’ krqw hY Aqy qIjI ivc krm[
ipir - “ipir CifAVI suqI ipr kI swr n jwxI]” (quKwrI m: 1)

mUriK - “mUriK AMDY piq gvweI]” ( Awsw dI vwr)
AMnHy mUrK ny pq gvw leI[
ijin - “ijin hir pwieE iqnih CpwieE]” (tofI nwmdyv)

ijs iksy ny hrI ƒ pwieAw, aus ny ies g`l ƒ Cupw ky rìKAw hY[
“ijin dIey iqsu buJY n ibgwnw]” (suKmnI)

“Dnu Dnu siqguru ijin nwmu idRVwieAw]” (jYqsrI m: 4)
ienHW imswlW ivc ‘ijin’ krqw hY[ ijQy ieh krqw nhI huMdw, auQy
iehdy AMq ivc ishwrI nhI huMdI[XQw:

In the above Gurbani lines, the word ‘ijin’ means Creator

(e.g. who, whoever. etc.) the consonant ‘n’ comes empty
without sihari as follows;
“ijn min pRIiq lgI hir kyrI iqn Duir Bwg purwnw]
iqn hm crx sryvh iKnu iKnu ijn hir mIT lgwnw]”
(jYqsrI m: 4)
iqin - “ijskw sw iqin lIAw imlwie]” (suKmnI)

ijQy ‘iqin’ krqw nhI huMdw auQy iehdy nMny nwl ishwrI nhI huMdI[
In the above Gurbani lines, the word ‘iqin’ means Creator
(e.g. he, she, etc.) the consonant ‘n’ comes empty without
sihari as follows;
“keI koit pwrbRhm ky dws] iqn hovq Awqm prgws]”(suKmnI)

“pVih guxih iqn cwr vIcwr]” (Awsw dI vwr)
ArQwq jo aunHW (vydW) ƒ pVdy-guxdy hn, iqnHW lokW ƒ krmw dI
ivcwr pRwpq huMdI hY, ik Amkw krm SuB hY qy Amkw ASuB[
Meaning: Those who reads and contemplates of scriptures
possess the knowledge of good and evil deeds.
ijs ‘iqin’ dy ArQ ‘qRY’ hn, auhdy nMny nwl sdw ishwrI huMdI hY:
Whenever, the word ‘iqin’ appears to denote number three
(3), the consonant ‘n’ comes with sihari as well.
“iqin cyly prvwxu]” (jpu jI)
“Qwl ivic iqMin vsqU peIE]” (muMdwvxI m:5)
Awip - “ijn kau Awip dyie vifAweI,

jgqu BI Awpy Awix iqn@ kau pYrI pwie]” (m: 4 vwr gauVI)

“Awip lIey liV lwie]” (Awsw PrId)
ienHW imswlW ivc ‘Awip’ krqw hY[ ijQy ieh krqw nhI huMdw, auQy
iehdy AMq ivc ishwrI nhI huMdI[
Whenever the word ‘Awip’ appears as Creator (Almighty) the
consonant ‘p’ comes with sihari.
“Awip jphu Avrw nwmu jpwvhu]” (suKmnI)

auprlI pMgqI ivc ‘Awip’ Sbd ijv ƒ drsauNdw hY, ishwrI jo
‘p’ AKr nwl lgI hY ijv eISvr dy ABydqw drsauNdI hY[
The word ‘Awip’ in the above Shabad means the being
although the consonant ‘p’ comes with sihari (which was
read earlier to be Almighty). This sihari is denoting the
ultimate fact that being and creator is the same therefore the
use of sihari delivers the message precisely.
“gur ikrpw qy jwixAw ijQY quDu Awpu buJwieAw]” (Awsw dI vwr)

ArQwq, mnu`K ƒ ijs hwlq jW pdvI ivc qYny Awpxw Awp disAw
hY, ausy hwlq ivc aus ny gurU dI ikrpw nwl qYƒ jwx ilAw hY[
“sB pvY pYrI siqgurU kyrI ijQY gurU Awp riKAw]” (rwmklI s`d)
swry pYrI pey siqgurU (rwmdws jI) dy, ijnHW ivc gurU (Amrdws jI)
ny Awpxw Awp rìKAw[
“siqguir imilAY scu pwieAw, ijnI ivchu Awpu gvwieAw]”

(Awsw dI vwr)
mnùK ny aus siqgurU dy imlx qoN s`c pwieAw, ijs ny auhdy ivcoN
haumY k`FI[
“nwnk vfw AwKIAY, Awpy jwxY Awpu]” (jpu jI)

nwnk, auh Awpxy Awp ƒ Awpy jwxdw hY, swƒ qW cwhIdw hY ik v`fw
hI AwKIey[
“jb Awpn Awpu Awip auir DwrY]” (suKmnI)

ies quk ivc ‘Awip’ krqw hY qy ‘Awpu’ krm hY[
The word ‘Awip’ means Creator (Almighty) and ‘Awpu’
means Himself therefore the meaning of the line is ‘When
He (Awip) Himself (Awpu) dwells within His Own (Awpn)
heart’.
“AwpIn@Y Awpu swijE, AwpIn@Y ricE nwau]” (Awsw dI vwr)

ies quk dy Am qOr ArQ TIk nhI kIqy jWdy[ lok ieh ArQ krdy
hn ik vwihgurU ny isRstI Awpxy Awp rcI Aqy Awpy hI jIvW dy nwauN
rcy[ ies qoN auprMq hor ikhVI cIj bxwn gocry rih geI sI, ijhdy
leI,
The above Asa Dhi Vaar Shabad is usually misinterpreted as
‘Almighty created the entire world Himself and He Himself
created the names for being’.
“duXI kudriq swjIAY” kihxw ipAw? ieh ArQ TIk nhI[ ieQy
‘Awpu’ krm hY, ijs dy ArQ hn ‘Awpxy Awp ƒ’[ BweI gurdws
jI BI kihMdy hn:
The word .. refers to a deed which means ‘He to Himself’.
Bhai Gurdas Ji writes as follows;
‘Awpy Awpu aupwie kY Awpy Awpxw nwau DrwieAw[ (vwr 187)
vwihgurU ƒ dohW rUpW ivc kQn kIqw igAw hY, iek qW Awpxy sMbMD
ivc Awp, ijs ƒ inrgux BI ikhw igAw hY, Aqy dUjw isRstI dy
sMbMD ivc, ijs ƒ srgux jW ‘nwm rUp’ krky sìdAw igAw hY[ jd
isRstI nhI sI bxI qW vwihgurU inrgux rUp ivc sI, Aqy jd aus ny
rcnw kr ky Awpxw pRkwS kIqw qW srgux rUp ho ky vrqx l`gw[

ienHW dohW rUpW dw ivsQwr suKmnI swihb dI iekIhvIN AstpdI

ivc Ku`ly qOr qy kIqw hoieAw hY[ bwvn A`KrI dI pihlI pauVI ivc
BI hY[gurU jI auprlI quk ivc dsdy hn ik vwihgurU inrgux Aqy
srgux dohW rUpW Awpxy Awp qoN hY[ iksy hor ny nhI bxwieAw[ ieho
Bwv keI hor vwrW dy ArMB ivc id`qw hoieAw hY[XQw:
Meaning: Almighty is described in His two forms; one
which is formless (Nirgun) and the second one is related to
creation which is in form (Sargun). When the creation was
created, Almighty was in His formless form and during the
manifestation of the creation He Himself created and
immerse into the entire creation which is elobrated in detail
in Pauri 21 of Sri Sukhmani Sahib and the first pauri of
Bavan Akhri. Therefore, “AwpIn@Y Awpu swijE, AwpIn@Y ricE
nwau]” means that Almighty He Himself who prevail in both
forms (Nirgun & Sargun) no other has created Him. The
similar concept is repeated in the following lines in Gurbani;
“Awpxw Awpu aupwieaunu, qdhu horu n koeI ]

mqw msUriq Awip kry, jo kry su hoeI]
qdhu Awkwsu n pqwlu hY nw qRY loeI]
qdhu Awpy Awip inrMkwru hY nw Epiq hoeI]”
(gUjrI kI vwr m: 3)
ieQy BI im: mYkwilP Aqy keI hornW ny “Awpxw Awpu aupwieEnu”
dy ArQ Bulky ieh kIqy hn ik vwihgurU ny Awpxy Awp rcnw rcI[
pr ieh nhI vyiKAw kI qlvIAW qukW ivc iehdy ault dìsAw hY ik
aus vyly nw AkwS sI, nw pqwl sI[ blik auqpqI hI nhI sI[iPr
pqw nhI ‘Awpxw Awp’ dy ArQ ‘Awpxy Awip’ iks qrW kr idMdy
hn! ieQy ArQ swP hY ik vwihgurU ny Awpxy Awp ƒ pYdw kIqw[
Kuid - “Kuid Ksm Klk jhwn Alh imhrvwn Kudwie]” (iqlMg m: 5)

keI vyr jd kivqw dI loV Anuswr LMmI Awvwz ƒ CotI krnw pYNdw hY qW
ishwrI hornW lgW mwqRW dI QW BI vrqI jWdI hY[
Sometimes sihari is used in replacement of great matr (bihari, laav,
etc.) to match the count of matras in accordance to peotry rules.
ibhwrI dI QW: - cwlis=cwlsI, auqris=auqrsI, qUtis=qutsI,

pkris=pkVsI, hovig=hovygI, vjig=v`jygI,
Awvig=AwvygI, bwix=bwxI, siB=sBI, hsiq=hsqI,
lyKix=lyKxI, mydin=mydnI, bil=blI,iB=BI,
jnin=jnnI,romwvil=romwvlI, mix=mxI,dubil=dublI[
cyir=cyrI: - “Aink mwieAw hY qw kI cyir]” (rwmklI m: 5)
pMiK=pMKI: - “jYsy qrvr pMiK bsyrw]” (soriT rivdws)
drbwir=drbwrI: - “mytI jwiq, hUey drbwir]” (goNf rivdws)
suAwim=suAwmI: - “mwq ipqw suAwim sjxu sBu jgqu bwl gupwlw]”

(vfhMsu m: 5)
godwvir=godwvrI - “gMgw jau godwvir jweIAY]” (rwmklI nwmdyv)
bwvil=bwvlI - “bwvil hoeI so shu lorau]” (sUhI PrId)
dwis=dwsIN=dwsW ny - “hir suK inDwn nwnk dwis pwieAw]” (DnwsrI m: 5)
suir, muin = surI, - “AwKih suir nr muin jn syv]” (jpu jI)

munI ArQwq, suir nr Aqy munI jn[ ieQy ‘suir’ Aqy ‘muin’

ivSySx hn nr Aqy jn dy[
“suixAY isD pIr suir nwQ]” (jpu jI)

‘suir’ dw ArQ dyvqw hY[
lW dI QW: - “nyir=nyVy: “koit ibGn nhI Awvih nyir]”(rwmklI m: 5)
cwir=cwry: - “pMifq mYlu n cukeI jy vyd pVih jug cwir]”

(m: 3, vwr soriT)
“ieh mwieAw kI soBw cwir idhwVy jwdI iblmu n hoie]”
(Awsw m: 3)
“ccY cwry vyd ijin swjy cwry KwxI cwr jugw]” (Awsw m: 1)
ijQy ‘cwr’ au~qy jor nhI huMdw , auQy lW jW ishwrI nhI
AwauNdI:
“cwr pdwrQ jy ko mwgY]” (suKmnI)
qil=qly: - “fuib muey bg bpuVy isru qil aupir pwau]”

(m: 3, vwr vfhMs)
ikMin=ikMny: - “ijmI puCY Asmwn PrIdw Kyvt ikMin gey]” (Awsw)
Coty XXy dI QW: - swsqRig=swsqRgÎ, DMin=DMnÎ, siq=sqÎ[
4.0 ibhwrI (Bihari)

4.1 bhubcn (Plural)
ibhwrI bhuvcn nwvW dy AMq ivc sMbMDkI ArQ idMdI hY[

The Bihari on the last consonant is usually used for plural words as
preposition.

isKI=is`KW ny - “isKI isiKAw gur vIcwir]” (Awsw dI vwr)
puqRI=puqRW ny - “puqRI kaulu n pwilE]” (vwr s`qw)
AKI=A`KW ƒ - “AKI sUqku vyKxw pr iqRA pr Dn rUp]”
kMnI=kMnW ƒ - “kMnI sUqku kMin pY lwieqbwrI Kwih]”(Awsw dI vwr)
aupwvI=aupwvW nwl - “Aink aupwvI rogu n jwie]” (suKmnI)
nyqRI=nyqRW nwl - “ien@I nyqRI jgqu inhwilAw]” (Awsw dI vwr)
AKrI=AK`rW nwl - “AKrI ilKxu bolxu bwix]” (jpu jI)
QxI=QxW krky - “ssuiV suhIAw ikv krI invxu n jwie QxI]”

(mhlw 1, slok vwrW qy vDIk)
AvqwrI=AvqwrW - “iksnu sdw AvqwrI rUDw…]” (vfhMsu m: 3)

ivc
aus ikirAw dy AMq ivc ijs dy ArQ hox, mYN krW jW krdw hW, Awidk-
Bihari is also used in verbs.
socI=mYN socW - “jy socI lK vwr]” (jpu jI)
krI=mYN krW - “kMcn ky kot dqu krI]” (sRI rwgu m: 1)

TgI=mYN T`gdw hW - “hau TgvwVw TgI dysu]” (sRI rwg m: 1)

fw. tRMp ny ies quk dy ArQ kIqy hn ik mY T`gW dy dyS
ivc iek T`g hW[mYkwilP ny BI ies ArQ ƒ prvwn kIqw
hY[
qolI=mYN qolW - “Gt hI BIqir so shu qolI…]” (sUhI m: 1)
kdI kdI aus ishwrI dy ArQ idMdI hY:-

Sometimes bihari reflect the meaning of sihari;
lhnI=lhin lYNdy - “nwnk krmW bwhry dir FoA n lhnI Dwvdy]”

(Awsw dI vwr)
jwxnI=jwxin,jwxdy - “mUrK scu n jwxnI]” (Awsw dI vwr)
cyqnI=cyqin,cyqdy - “nwnk nwmu n cyqnI AigAwnI AMDuly Avry krm

kmwih]” (m: 3, vwr soriT)
clnI=clin,cldy - “swhy ilKy n clnI ijMdU kMU smJwie]”(slok PrId)
(A)sMbMDkI ArQW - “ndrI moK duAwru]” (jpu jI)

ivc:-ndrI=ndr
nwl
ivjogI=ivjog nwl - “ivjogI imil ivCuVy, nwnk BI sMjog]” (mwrU m: 1)
bybwxI=bybwx ivc - “rhY bybwxI mVI mswxI]” (Awsw dI vwr)

mswxI=mswx ivc gur prswdI=gurU dy prswid nwl:

“khY nwnku gur prswdI shju aUpjY…]” (AnMdu)
5.0 AONkV (Aungkar)
AONkV iek-vcn (Singular) hox dI inSwnI hY[ puiMlMg nWv jd iek-vcn

hovy qW aus dy AMqly A`Kr qly AONkV huMdw hY[ies nWv dw jo ivSySx hovy,
aus dy AMq ivc BI AONkV huMdw hY ijvyN:-
Aungkar is used to define a singular word. When plural noun is a
singular then the last consonant comes with an aungkar.the
adjective of this noun also comes with an aungkar on the last
consonant.
iehu srIru: “iehu srIru kir fMfI ]” (rwmklI m: 3)

kml inrwlmu: “jYsy jl mih kmlu inrwlmu ]” (isD gosit)
Amulu Drmu: “Amulu Drmu Amulu dIbwxu ]” (jpu)
6.0 BUq kwl ikirAw (Past Tense)
swDwrx BUq kwl ikirAw (Past Tense) ijhdy AMq ivc nMnW hovy Aqy
ijhdw krqw iek-vcn AnÎ purK hovy auhdy nMny qly AONkV jrUr huMdw hY[
A normal past tense which appears with ‘n’ and the composer is
singular third person, the last consonant ‘n’ comes with an
aungkar.
bKisAin, auqwirAnu=aus ny bKSy,aus ny auqwry:
“kaux kaux AprwDI bKisAnu, ipAwry swcY sbid ivcwir]

Baujlu pwir auqwirAnu, BweI, siqgur byVY cwiV]” (soriT mhlw 3)
riKAnu=aus ny r`Ky - “jo Duir riKAnu myil imlwie]” (DnwsrI m: 3)
irVikEnu=aus ny - “mwDwxw prbqu kir, nyiqR bwsku, sbid irVikEnu]”

irVikAw (vwr s`qw blvMf)
lieAnu, lwwieEnu - “ieik AwpxY BwxY kiF lieAnu Awpy lieEnu imlwie]”
(isrI rwgu m: 3)
inkwilAnu=aus ny - “caudh rqn inkwilAnu kIqonu cwnwxu]”

inkwly (vwr s`qw blvMf)
“Koty Kry siB prKIAin iqqu scy kY drbwrw rwm]
Koty drgh sutIAin aUBy krin pukwrw rwm]”
(vfhMs m: 3)
ieQy ‘prKIAin’ dy ArQ ‘prKy jWdy hn’ hY[ jy ies dy
ArQ ‘aus ny prKy’ huMdy, qW ieh Sbd ‘priKAnu’ huMdw,
ArQwq, iehdy K`Ky nwl ishwrI Aqy nMny nwl AONkV huMdw[
keI vyr pRq`K AnumqXwrQ lkwr (Imperative Mood) vwly ikirAw Sbd
dy AMq ivc AONkV AwauNdw hY[ ijvyN:-
Sometimes the obvious imperative mood verbs ends with an
aungkar on the last consonant, as follows;
dyhu - “Awvhu imlhu shylIE mY ipru dyhu imlwie]” (isrI rwgu m: 3)
clu - “muMDy qU clu gur kY Bwie]” (isrI rwgu m: 3)

pru - “iqs kI srnI pru mnw]” (isrI rwgu m: 5)
keI Aijhy Sbd hn ijnHW dy AMq ivc AONkV mUilk AMg hox krky Awaudw
hY[
There some words which ends with an aungkar as the original
syllable reflecting the word.
ikqu, sBqu, ibnu, bhuqu, iekqu, ibMdu, Awidk[
keI iesqRI ilMg nWv hn, ijnHW dy AMq mUilk AONkV huMdw hY jo iksy hwlq
ivc lihMdw hI nhI ijvyN:-
There are also some faminine noun words which comes along with
the original aungkar, as follows;
Dwqu - “Dwqu imlY Puin Dwqu kau…]” (isrI rwgu m: 1)
ibKu - “ibKu kI kwr kmwvxI ibKu hI mwih smwih]” (isrI rwgu m: 3)
rqu - “ivic rwKY rsnw mws rqu kyrI]” (gauVI m: 4)

iesy qrW mlu, msu, vsqu, vQu, ryxu, Dynu, klqu Awidk iesqRI-ilMg
nWv AONkV nwl AwauNdy hn[

gurbwxI ivAwkrx
Gurbani Viakaran
MODULE 7
Content

39.1 nWv (Noun) Sbd

41.0 lW (Laa’n)

42.2 nWv (Noun)
42.4 ikirAw (Verb)
43.0 knOVw (Kenora)


1.1 nWv (Noun) Sbd

1. rwhu rwhhu
2. isAwhu isAwhhu
3. swhu swhhu
iek`lw ‘h’ Q`ly AMkq AONkV krqw (creator) kwrk

(case) Aqy krm (subject) kwrk dw iek-vcnI
(singular) kwrk-icMnH hY, ijs dw aucwrx nwskqw
(nasal sound) qoN bgYr hY, jd ik dUhry ‘h’ dy Sbd
ivc AMqlw ‘hu’ Apwdwn kwrk (Ablative*) dw iek-
vcnI (singular) kwrk-icMnH hY[ [*(Ablative :-
denoting a case of nouns, pronouns, and
adjectives indicating the agent in passive
sentences or the instrument, manner, or place of
the action described by the verb)

1. khu khhu
2. bhu bhhu
3. rhu rhhu
4. shu shhu

iek`lw ‘h’ Q`ly AMkq AONkV hY ijs duAwrw DwqUAW

qoN hukmI Biv`Kq kwl (future tense), m`Dm purK,
iek-vcn dIAW ikirAW bxIAW hn, jd ik dUhry
‘h’ dy Sbd ivc AMqlw ‘hu’ ijs duAwrw DwqUAW qoN
hukmI Biv`Kq kwl, m`Dm purK, bhu-vcn (plural)
dIAW ikirAW bxIAW hn [

iksy nWv nwl jd aus dy ip`Cy sMbMDkI pd vriqAw jwxw hovy, hux q`k
poTohwr ivc kihMdy hn, KMfU ny iKfwvxy, ryqU ny P`ky, mwaU kI AwK[
When a noun is followed by preposition then dulangkar end the
word.
vsqU - “vsqU AMdir vsqu smwvY]” (Awsw dI vwr)
ijMdU - “swhy ilKy n clnI ijMdU kUM smJwie]” (slok PrId)
KwkU - “PrIdw Kwku n inMdIAY KwkU jyfu n koie]” (slok PrId)

“Ehu iKn mih rulqw KwkU nwil]” (goNf m: 5)
ssU - “ssU qy ipir kInI vwiK]” (Awsw m: 5)
pIXU - “pIXU dwdy jyivhw poqw prvwxu]” (vwr s`qw)

sMbMDkI ArQW ivc:-

The use of dilangkar as preposition;
KyhU=Kyih=Kyh ivc: “KyhU Kyh rlweIAY]” (isrIrwgu m: 1)
keI vyr dulYNkVy hoVy dI QW vrqy gey hn[:-

Sometimes dulangkay is used in replacement of Hora
AslU-AsloN, ijdU=ijdoN: “ijdU ikCu guJw n hoie]”(vwr gauVI m: 4)
iqdU - “mws n iqdU Kwih]” (slok PrId)

kU=ko - “PrIdw mY jwinAw duKu muJ kU…]” (slok PrId)
3.0 lW (Laa’n)
ishwrI dI QW keI vyr lW vrqI geI hY:- ishwrI dI QW keI vyr lW vrqI
geI hY:-
Sometimes Laa’n is used to replace sihari and vice-versa;
pVy=piV - “kibq pVy piV kibqw mUey]” (soriT kbIr)
muhy=muih - “muhy muih cotw Kwie]” (isrI rwgu m: 1)
kUVy=kUiV=kUV ivc - “AsMK kUiVAwr kUVy iPrwih]” (jpu jI)
dry=dir - “hir dry hir dir sohin qyry Bgq ipAwry rwm]”(Awsw m: 5)

sMswry=sMswir - “sMqoKu BieAw sMswry]” (soriT m: 5)
sMgy=sMig - “pyKq sunq sdw hY sMgy, mY mUrK jwinAw dUrI ry]”(soriT m: 5)
swQy=swiQ - “nwnk pRBu myrY swQy]” (soriT m: 5)
Dury=Duir - “soeI vrqY jig ij kIAw quDu Dury]” (m: 5 vwr gUjrI)
aupry=aupir - “muKu qlY pYru aupry vsMdo kuhQVY Qwie]” (vwr jYqsrI m: 5)
bRhmMfy,ipMfy=bRhmMf, - “jo bRhmMfy soeI ipMfy, jo KojY so pwvY]” (DnwsrI pIpw)

ipMf
kuMBy=kuMiB: - “kuMBy bDw jlu rhY]” (Awsw dI vwr)
AMqy=AMiq: - “AMqy siqguru boilAw mY ipCY kIrqnu kirAhu inrbwxu jIau]”

(sdu suMdr)
keI vyr ieh lg sQwnvwck sMbMDkI ArQW ivc vrqI jWdI hY[ ieh nrol
pMjwbI muhwvrw hY Aqy poTohwr ivc hux q`k vriqAw jWdw hY[ ijvyN, auh
koTy ciVHAw hY, jW FokY igAw hY[
Sometimes this syllable is used as preposition for a place.

dUjY=dUjy nwl jW ƒ - “sBo sUqku Brmu hY dUjY lgY jwie]” (Awsw dI vwr)
irdY=irdy ivc - “scu qw pru jwxIAY jw irdY scw hoie]” (Awsw dI vwr)
mMdY=mMd ivc - En@I mMdY pYru n riKE…]” (Awsw dI vwr)
rYnVIAY=rYn ivc - “iBMnI rYnVIAY cmkin qwry]” (Awsw m: 5)
jMgIAY=jMGW nwl - “PrIdw ienI inkI jMgIAY Ql fUMgr BivEim@]” (slok)
khxY=khx nwl - “khxY kQin n BIjY goibMdu]” (soriT m: 5)
sUAY=sUey au~qy - “sUAY cwiV BvweIAih jMq]” (Awsw dI vwr)
nwrwiexY=nwrwiex - “rMg sBy nwrwiexY jyqy min BwvMin]” (bwrh mwhw mwJ m: 5)
pwis iesy qrHW caukY, mQY, pyVY, sMjY, lyKY, qRyqY, ipCY, AgY, qlY,
GoVVY, gMTVIAY, suKY, rwmdwsY, Awidk[
4.2 nWv (Noun)
iksy nWv dy AMq ivc, ijhdy nwl sMbMDkI Sbd vriqAw jwxw hovy:-
At the end of noun where preposition word is used;
GrY - “GrY AMdir sBu vQu hY]” (Awsw m: 3)
nwvY - “sB nwvY no locdI]” (Awsw m: 3)

“haumY nwvY nwil ivroDu hY]” (vfhMsu m: 3)

jd iksy nWv nwl au~qy d`sy guxW vwlI ishwrI (jW dulweIAW) l`gI hovy qW
aus dy ivSySx dy AMq ivc lW dI QW dulWeIAW AwvxgIAW[
When a noun is appears with an Sihari (or Dulavaa) as mentioned
above, the following adjective will end with dulavaa instead of
Laa’n.
AMDY - “mUriK AMDY piq gvweI]” (Awsw dI vwr)
pUrY - “guir pUrY imhrvwin Brmu Bau mwirAw]” (m: 4, vwr iblwvl)
“siqguir pUrY syivAY dUKw kw hoie nwsu]” (vwr gauVI m: 5)
BIVY - “rwih BIVY AgY jwvxw]” (Awsw dI vwr)
BIhwvlY - “bin BIhwvlY ihku swQI lDmu duK hrqw hir nwmw]”
(m: 5,vwr gUjrI)
sbwieAY - “PrIdw mY jwinAw duKu muJ kU duKu sbwieAY jig]” (slok PrId)
myrY - “Blky auiT prwhuxw myrY Gir Awvau]” (m: 5,vwr gauVI)
qyrY - “Bgq qyrY min Bwvdy…]” (Awsw dI vwr)

Bgq lok qyry mn ƒ BWvdy hn[iehdw ieh Arq nhI ik qyry
Bgq mn ƒ BwauNdy hn[
“qyrY BrosY, ipAwry, mY lwf lfwieAw]” (isrI rwgu m: 5)
prwieAY - “PrIdw bwir prwieAY bYsxw sweI muJY n dyih]”(slok PrId)

kcY - “PrIdw kcY BWfY rKIAY ikcru qweI nIru]” (slok PrId)
pihlY - “pihlY pihrY PulVw…]” (slok PrId)
4.4 ikirAw (Verb)
ikirAw dy AMq ivc kwrixk ArQW nwl[ijvyN:

The end of a verb defines the action, as follows;
suixAY=suxn krky: - KwDY=Kwx qoN[ ies dw izkr ishwrI dy nym 14 hyTW Aw cu`kw hY[
5.0 knOVw (Kenora)
knOVw keI QWeI sQwn-vwck SMbMDkI dy qOr qy vriqAw igAw hY[ArQ

kridAW iehdy nwl ibMdI lw leIdI hY[XQw:-
In some places the word which describes a location the kenora is
used as the preposition
AwpON=Awp QoN - “nwnk jy ko AwpO jwxY AgY gieAw n sohY]” (jpu jI)
hy nwnk! jy koeI mnu`K koeI kwrj Awpxy qoN hoieAw jwxy, qW
auh AglI drgwh jw ky cMgw nhIN l`gygw[
muhO=mUMh qoN - “muhO ik bolxu bolIAY ijqu suix Dry ipAwru]” (jpu jI)
iesy qrHW “ iek dU jIBO lK hoih…]”
(jpu jI) dw hwl hY[

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Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji Academy

1.0 Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji’s Gurbani

2.0 Need for the knowledge of Viakaran (Grammar).

3.0 SbdW dI vMf (Division of Words in Grammar)

4.0 mukqw (Mukta)

4.1 iek-vcn Aqy bhu-vcn (Singular & Plural)

4.2 iesqRI-ilMg nwvW (Feminine Nouns)

4.3 sMboDn kwrk (Vocative Case)

4.4 sMBMD kwrk (Possessive Case)

4.5 sMbMDkI pd (Prepositions)

Gurbani Kav -­‐ Module 1 Page 2

1.0. Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji’s Gurbani

Ignorance of the above fact results the misinterpretation of the

Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji Academy has emerged to educate and

2.0 Need for the knowledge of Viakaran (Grammar).

1. To appreciate the grammar of Gurbani by understanding the

Gurbani Kav -­‐ Module 1 Page 3

literature which completes the entire world’s knowledge and

Gurbani Kav -­‐ Module 1 Page 4

3.0 SbdW dI vMf (Division of Words in Grammar)

nWv (Noun) - jo Sbd iksy ivSyS jIv, QW jW vsqU dw igAwn krwvy,

bhu v cn - jdoN koeI Sbd iek qoN izAwdw vsqUAW jW jIvW dw

Gurbani Kav -­‐ Module 1 Page 5

pu i lM g - jdoN iksy Sbd qoN purKvwck jIvW jW vsqU dw igAwn

pu r K - au ` q m pu r K (First Person) ijvyN :- mYN Aqy AsIN[

sbM D k - ijhVw Sbd nWv / pVnWv / ivSySx nwl Awky iehnW

Xo j k - jo do SbdW jW vwkW nMU Awps iv`c joVy, aus nUM Xojk

sM b o D k - iksy ivSyS ivAkqI ƒ sMboDn krn leI vriqAw igAw

Gurbani Kav -­‐ Module 1 Page 6

ijvyN :- mohn, pRIqmw, AMDy, mUVy, ijMduVIey Awid[ ies

ivSy S x - jo Sbd nWv jW pVnWv dI ivSySqw kry, aus ƒ ivSySx

ikirAw - jo Sbd iksy kMm dy hox ƒ pRgt kry; ijvy :- bYTxw,

ikirAw - jo Sbd iksy ikirAw dI ivSySqw d`sdy hn[ijvyN:- qyz

Gurbani Kav -­‐ Module 1 Page 7

duAwrw Awid[ sMboDn kwrk nWv dw auh rUp hY jo iksy

4.0 mukqw (Mukta)

4.1 iek-vcn Aqy bhu-vcn (Singular & Plural)

ijnHW nwvW dy AMq iv`c AONkV hovy Eh Awm krky iek-vcn

Sbd gurbwxI pMgqI Aqy vyrvw

qwp - “siqguir qwpu auqwirAw]” (soriT m: 5)

du A wr - “nau drvwjy dsvw duAwru” (gauVI m: 1)

pM i fq - “pMifq pVY bMDn moh bwDw” (sRI rwg m: 3)

jn - “jnu rwqw hir nwm kI syvw]” (suKmnI)

pq - “squ sMqoKu pqu kir JolI jogI]” (rwmklI m: 3)

vwr - “iQiq vwru n jogI jwxY]” (jpu)

4.2 iesqRI-ilMg nwvW (Feminine Nouns)

Gurbani Kav -­‐ Module 1 Page 9

iesqRI-ilMg nwvW (Feminine nouns) dy AMq ivc AONkV nhIN huMdw

ivK - “iek ivK n clih swiQ]” (vwr gauVI m: 5)

dy h - “mnu qnu dyh suKwlI]” (soriT m: 5)

swr - “kml kI swr nhI mUil pweI]” (sRI rwg m: 1)

vwr - “vwirAw n jwvw eyk vwr]” (jpu)

Gurbani Kav -­‐ Module 1 Page 10

there is no syllable on the last consonant.

pr keI Aijhy iesqRI-ilMg nWv hn, ijnHW dy AMq ivc AONkV

4.2.1 ivSySx (Adjective)

ieQy ‘jwqI’ iesqRI-ilMg hY, ies leI ies dy ivSySx ‘PkV’ dw

ieQy ‘iQiq’, iesqRI-ilMg hox krky ies dy ivSySx dw AMqlw

Gurbani Kav -­‐ Module 1 Page 11

its adjective kvx has no syllable on ‘x’.

swr - “squ sMqoK dieAw kmwvY ‘eyh’ krxI swr”[(sRI rwg m: 5)

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