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1
Serial
Data
0
TB TB TB TB TB TB time
The rate at which serial transmission takes place is called the Baud
Rate. It is essentially equal to the number of bits of information that
are transmitted per second. Since ‘1’ bit is transmitted for a time
interval equal to 1 bit time, TB, the baud rate is given by
1 1
Baud Rate= = (Bits/ second)
Bit Time TB
For example, in a teletypewriter (TTY) system, TB is 9.09 msec. This
gives a baud rate of 110 bits/sec. Commonly used baud rates are
110, 150, 300, 600, 900,1200, 2400, 4800, 9600,13.8k,14.4k,19.2k,
38.4k, 57.8k.
When asynchronous serial data are transmitted between two
devices such as CRT terminal & microprocessor, a standard format is
used to transmit a single data character as shown in fig.12.6. This
format consists of three or four parts:
1) A START bit, which is always logic ‘0’ called space.
2) Five to eight data bits, representing the actual information being
transmitted. The LSB are normally transmitted first.
3) An optional priority bit for error detection capability. If the parity
bit is included, either odd or even parity can be used.
4) 1, 1½ or 2 stop bits which are always 1s. 1½ (one and half stop
bits) would be represented as a 1 level, which lasts for 1½ bit
time. Most frequently, there will be 2 STOP bits.
Mark/ Idle
(5 to8 data bits)
State
1
Optinal
Serial START
D5
Bit
D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D6 D7 Parity Stop Bit(s)
Data Bit
0
TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB TB
time
time