Testing of soft foams: Market, Strength, Standards and Practice

Testing of soft foams
Market - Strength - Standards - Practice
Helmut Fahrenholz, Ulm

October 2004
What are soft foams ?
Schaumstoffprüfung - Markt-Stärke-Normen-Praxis
Helmut Fahrenholz
Stand: September 2004 2
Soft foams
Polyurethanes (PU or PUR)
Polyurethanes are formed by reacting a polyol (an alcohol)
with a diisocyanate or a polymeric isocyanate in the
presence of suitable catalysts and additives. The process
has first been patented 1937 by Otto Bayer and has
significantly been developed since.
Polyurethanes are real universal plastics having a lot of future potential. They are
known with many different faces, i.e. as foam, but also as rigid plastic, as synthetic
rubber (Elastan), as adhesives or varnish.
Fields of use of Urethane foam:

Insulation: Pipes, Buildings, Clothes,
mechanical damping: Seating, Upholstery, Beds, Packaging
acoustic damping: Car interior, Buildings,
Absorption of liquids: Sponge, Rolls, drums
Helmut Fahrenholz
Soft foams
Latex-foams
are produced by the “Dunlop method” from synthetic Latex and up to 30 % of natural
Latex. The Latex is mixed with other components such as soap and then transformed
to a foam by mechanical creaming. So more air is introduced, so softer is the foam.
Latex foams are mainly used for mattresses. Unlike PU mattresses, which are
produced as a bloc foam and then cut, the Latex mattresses are directly molded.
Helmut Fahrenholz
Soft foams
Foam rubber Moosgummi
can be produced from many rubber types. Accordingly variable are
their characteristics. They have an open cell structure. Produced
are molded parts, slab, profiles ...
Foam rubber
(open cells)
Cellular rubber Zellkautschuk

is produced by expansion, using blowing agents. The cell structure
of cellular rubber is closed.
Cellular rubber
(closed cells)
Helmut Fahrenholz
Soft foams
Typical supply chains within the foam
Industry
Helmut Fahrenholz
Supply chains PUR foam
The supply chain Furniture
Floor coverings (sports
facilities)
Compound foam Gymnastic mats
producers Acoustic
Footwear
Furniture, Upholstery
Mattresses
Building industry
Bloc foam producers Textile (i.e. carpets)
Housewares
Hygiene, i.e. sponge
Raw material
producers
Automotive ( OEM) Vehicle seats
Insulation in vehicles
Molded foam Furniture, Upholstery
producers Mattresses
Medical
others
Helmut Fahrenholz
Raw material producers
Tasks: Supply of the chemical base products polyol and

Isocyanate as well as catalysts and additives .
Importance Key customers (quite small number of companies )

for Zwick: mainly R&D
Customers for robot systems
Examples:
Helmut Fahrenholz
Molded foam producers (Automotive)
Produce finished PU-components , such as seat cushions
dashboards, molded parts to be used in cars for thermal
insulation or acoustic damping.
Importance They do R&D for the Automotive Industry,

for Zwick: they are customers for large size load-frames,
C-frame machines, or third workspace-machines.
Examples:
Helmut Fahrenholz
Molded foam producers ( continued)
Produce Urethane articles for use in home, Garden, Leisure,

for packaging industry, footwear industry, painting rolls, ...
Importance Testing in production control and for their own R&D

for Zwick: typical customers for small loadframes for quite simple
Compression and tensile testing.
Often small companies.
Examples:
Helmut Fahrenholz
Bloc foam producers
Produce urethane foams in blocs which have to be machined

by sawing or cutting . Typical products are mattresses,
upholstery, acoustic damping, household articles, sponges
etc. Also many rigid foams are produced by this method.
Testing in production control and for their own R&D. Often

small or medium sized companies.
Examples:
Helmut Fahrenholz
Automotive industry
does normally not dispose an own production.

Testing generally to company own specifications
Testing in R&D, Prototype testing, incoming goods
acceptance tests (declining)
Examples:
Helmut Fahrenholz
Overview of test methods
Helmut Fahrenholz
Test methods
Type of test Standards Principle Specimen Significance / Application
example
Describes the compression stress/ strain characteristic. The

Compression Cube
ISO 3386 result is also called bearing capacity, compression hardness
characteristics (CFD) 50 x 50 or larger
CFD or CLD.
Loss of hardness or thickness after storage in heat / humidity.

Cube
Accelerated aging ISO 2440 For Zwick this test is like measurement of compression
50 x 50 or larger
characteristics.
Provides hardness values for cut specimen, i.e. from bloc foam
Indentation force deflection Specimen
ISO 2439 of for molded foam which can be tested on a flat support.
test (Indentation hardness) 380 x 380 mm
Known als ILD-test or IFD-test.
Provides thickness- and hardness loss values after mechanical

Dynamic fatigue - Constant Specimen fatigue. Test constists of measurement of Indentation force
ISO 3385
load pounding test 380 x 380 mm deflection (hardness) - Load pounding by n cycles -
remeasurement of hardness and thickness.
Cube
Creep in compression ISO 10066 This result is mainly applied in testing of packaging foams.
50 x 50
Helmut Fahrenholz
Stand: September 2004
Overview
14
of test methods - cut specimen
example
Descibes an indentation characteristic as a hardness value
Indentation hardness and
Molded foam which is not directly compareable to the compressoin
respectively residual DIN 53579-1
(seat cushion) characteristics. many different shapes and dimensions of
thickness under load.
indentors are standardized.
several standards
Molded foam
Hysteresis of automotive Provides results for damping, toghness and the "comfort value".
(seat cushion)
OEM
Helmut Fahrenholz
Overview
15
of test methods - molded foam
Type of test Standard Significance / Application
Density ISO 845 The appearant density is one of the most basic characteristics
of a foam. To be determined by dimension measurement and
weighing
Rebound resilience ISO 8307 Gives an indication about the shock absorption properties.
Determination by means of a falling ball. Formerly in DIN 53573
also standardized with a pendulum rebound tester.
Tension test ISO 1798 relavant mainly for foams which will be submitted to tensile
forces in practical use. This method gives values for the
resistance to destruction.
Tear resistance test ISO 8067 Gives the characteristic of a pre damaged foam.. The result is
subject to very big scutter.
Shore 00 Hardness ASTM D 2240 Sometimes used to characterize local hardness, i.e. for
compound foams.
Helmut Fahrenholz
Overview of test methods - others
Selected tests in detail
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail
Determination of compression stress-strain properties
(Compression-load-deflection , CLD)
Editor Designation Notes
ISO ISO 3386 - 1 Low density materials
ISO 3386 - 2 High density materials
ANSI ASTM D 3574 - Specimen shapes same as in ISO, but different
Test C test method.
DaimlerChrysler DBL 5452, section refers to ISO 3386
4.6
BMW QV 52009-1 refers to ISO 3386-1
section 2.2.3
Volkswagen PV 3410, section Refers to ISO 3386-1 but pre-set cycles only to
3.5 60 % compression strain. Result in cycle 4 at
40%.
Test set-up to ISO 3386 -1 PSA D41 1003 flexible foams
D41 1541 flexible and semi-rigid foams
Specific test method
Renault N° 1003 Identical to PSA
N° 1541
Toyota TSM 7100 G Specific test method
section 4.2
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail
Method ISO 3386 Conditioning
ISO 3386-1
23 °C / 50 %
ISO 3386-2
23 °C / 50 %
Specimen
27 °C / 65 % 27 °C / 65 %
Storage / conditioning 72 h / 16 h 72 h / 16 h
Dimensions Surface = 2500 mm² Parallelepiped ≥ 40 x
(≥ 50 x 50 mm, Ǿ ≥ 57 mm ) 40 mm
Force measurement ± 2% of measurement ± 2% of measurement
machine
Testing
Travel measurement ± 0.2 mm ± 0.1 mm
Support platen larger than specimen, vented larger than specimen
with holes
Compression platen larger than specimen larger than specimen
Determination of acc. ISO 1923 (no contact acc. ISO 1923 (no
initial heigth, t0 force defined) contact force defined)
Pre-set cycles
Zéro point (origin) at initial heigth at initial heigth
of travel
Number 3 3
Charge point (load +5 +5
70 % compression strain 70 % compression
locus)
Decharge point Initial heigth Initial heigth
Test speed 100 ± 20 mm/min 5 ± 1 mm/min
Recovery time 0 0
Zéro point (origin) at initial heigth, t0 at initial heigth, t0
Measurement cycle
of travel
Charge point 70 +5 % compression strain 70 +5 % compression
strain
Decharge point - -
Time at measurement 0 0
Test speed 100 ± 20 mm/min 5 ± 1 mm/min
Results CV at XX% CV at XX%
(Example XX = 40 %) (usual XX = 25, 40 50,
65 %)
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail
Requirements to the test equipment:
– testXpert Software including specific test method

– Crosshead monitor stiffness compensation.
– Automatic determination of initial height from which the compression travel has to
be calculated.
– Possibility to integrate density measurement.
Particular points:
– lower compression platen to be vented with holes, upper compression platen

without holes.
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail
Method ASTM D 3574 test C ASTM D 3574 - test C
Specimen
Conditioning 23 °C / 50 %
Storage / conditioning (7 days) / 12 h
Dimensions Surface ≥ 2500 mm²
(≥ 50 x 50 mm, Ǿ ≥ 57 mm )
Force measurement no indication
machine
Testing
Travel measurement no indication
Support platen larger specimen, vented
Compression platen no indication
Determination of 170 ± 35 Pa
initial heigth, t0 (70 Pa)
Pre-set cycles
Zéro point (origin) at initial height
of travel
Number 2
Charge point (load 75 - 80 % compression strain
locus)
Decharge point no indication
Test speed 240 ± 24 mm/min
Recovery time 6 ± 1 min
Measurement cycle
Zéro point (origin) to be re-determined
of travel at 140 Pa (70Pa)
Charge point 50 % compression strain
Decharge point -
Time at measurement 60 ± 3 s
Test speed 49.8 ± 4.8 mm/min
Results Specimen height t1 in mm
Compression stress CFD in Pa
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail

– Crosshead monitor stiffness compensation. Compensated travel targets have to be
approached ! (testControl function)
be calculated.
Particular points:
– Initial height has to re-determined in the last cycle ( measurement cycle)
– Dwell time between pre-set cycles and measurement cycle.
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail
Method PSA / Renault Conditioning
D41 1003
23 °C / 50 %
Specimen
Storage / conditioning - / 16 h
Dimensions Parallelepiped 100 x 100 mm

Force measurement ISO 5893 (no indication of class)
machine
Travel measurement ISO 5893 (no indication of class)
Testing
Compression platen larger than specimen, vented
(without holes for skinless specimen )
Determination of Contact force 1 N
initial heigth, t0
Pre-set cycles
of travel
Number 0 or 4 (acc. to specification)
Charge point (load 75 % compression strain
locus)
Decharge point initial height
Recovery time 0s
Measurement cycle
Zéro point (origin) at initial height, t0
of travel
Charge point 75 % compression strain
Decharge point at initial height, t0
Time at measurement 0s
Results 1. cycle: P25/1, P50/1, P65/1
5. cycle: P25/5, P50/5, P65/5
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail

– Crosshead monitor stiffness compensation.
be calculated.
Particular points:
– Upper and lower compression platen has to be vented with holes. Only for foams
without skin (slab foam which is cut from the internal portion of a larger bun) it is
allowed to use platens without holes.
– The test can consist of 5 cycles where the first and the fifth is a measurement
cycle.
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail
Determination of indentation properties on standard
specimen (Indentation hardness, IFD)

ISO ISO 2439 Measurement at given compression strain
ANSI ASTM D 3574 Measurement at given compression strain.

test B1 This method is also used for testing of molded
Test set-up to ISO 2439 foams.
General Motors GMI 60283 - part 7 Measurement at given compression strain
procedure A
Toyota TSM 7100G - Measurement at given compression strain
section 4.2 (ILD)
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail
ISO 2439 - A ISO 2439 - B ISO 2439 - C
Indentation hardness to Conditioning 23 °C / 50 %
Specime
27 °C / 65 %
ISO 2439
n
Storage / conditioning 72 h / 16 h
Dimensions 380 +20 mm
Force measurement ± 1% or 1 N (largest value)
machine
Testing
Travel measurement ± 0.25 mm
Support platen larger specimen, vented with holes
Compression platen Diameter. 200 +3 mm (swivel joint)
Determination of 5 -2 N
initial heigth, t0
Pre-set cycles
of travel
Number 3
Method A Charge point (load 70 ± 2.5 % Indentation
locus)
Decharge point completely discharged
Recovery time - - -
Zéro point (origin) Initial height Initial height Initial height
Measurement cycle of travel
Charge point 40 ± 1 % Indentation 25 ± 1% / 40 ± 1% / 40 ± 1 %
65 ± 1% Indentation Indentation
Decharge point - - -
Time at measurement 30 ± 1 s 30 ± 1 s 0s
Test speed 100 ± 20 mm/min 100 ± 20 mm/min 100 ± 20
mm/min
Results Indentation Indentation hardness Indentation
hardness index as characteristic as hardness as
force at 40 % force at 25 / 40 / 65 force at 40 %
indentation % indentation
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail
Indentation hardness to ISO 2439 Method B
Method A
Method C
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail

– Crosshead monitor stiffness compensation. Especially in case of method A and B
corrected travel targets have to be approached.
be calculated.
Particular points:
– The support platen has to be vented with holes
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail
Fatigue by constant load pounding
ISO ISO 3385 80000 Cycles
ANSI ASTM D 3574 - 8000 / 80000 Cycles

test I3
DaimlerChrysler DBL 5452, section refers to ISO 3385
4.6
BMW QV 52009 part 2
General Motors GME L-1J/K06-1 150 000 Cycles

GME 60283 part 8
PSA D42 1047
Renault N° 1047 identical to PSA
Toyota TS M7100G -
Test set-up to ISO 3385 section 4.8
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail
ISO 3385 Constant load pounding ISO 3385
23 °C / 50 %
Load pounding Specim

Conditioning
27 °C / 65%
en
Storage/ conditioning 72 h / 16 h
Dimensions Parallelepiped 380 x 380 mm
-1
Frequency 70 min
machine
Load apply 750 ± 20 N
Load apply time max. 25% of cycle time
Compression platen Ǿ 250 ± 1 mm / R 25 ± 1 mm
measure
Determination of acc. ISO 2439 prior first pre-set cycle at
First
initial height, d1 5N
Determination of acc. ISO 2439 - A, agreed indentation, i.e.
indentation hardness 40 %
Recovery time 10 ± 5 min
measuremt.
Determination of acc. ISO 2439 prior first pre-set cycle at
Second
initial height, d2 5N
Reference point for
initial height , d1
travel
Determination of acc. ISO 2439 - A, agreed indentation, i.e.
indentation hardness 40 %
Thickness loss Difference (d1 - d2)/d1 x 100 %
Results Hardness loss Difference (H1 - H2) in kPa
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail
ISO 3385 Constant load pounding
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail
Requirements to the test equipment: :
– Requirements to the universal testing machine as per ISO 2439

– Software has to be able to use the height of the first measurement to calculate the
indentation travel for the second measurement.
– The load pounding machine has to be of robust design.
Particular points:
– According to some in-house standards, this test is to be conducted between two

load limits. Specific control functions are therefore needed.
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail
example
Descibes an indentation characteristic as a hardness value
Indentation hardness and
Molded foam which is not directly compareable to the compressoin
respectively residual DIN 53579-1
(seat cushion) characteristics. many different shapes and dimensions of
thickness under load.
indentors are standardized.
several standards
Molded foam
Hysteresis of automotive Provides results for damping, toghness and the "comfort value".
(seat cushion)
OEM
Helmut Fahrenholz
Overview
33
of test methods - molded foam
Indentation hardness / residual thickness under load
(Seat testing)
ISO no standard
DIN DIN 53579-1 Measurement at specified indentation
deflection or under specified load
ANSI ASTM D 3574 Measurement at specified indentation
test B1
ANSI ASTM D 3574 Measurement at specified load / Method for seat
test B2 testing
DaimlerChrysler DBL 5452, refers to DIN 53579-1
Abschnitt 4.7
BMW QV 52009, part 1 refers to DIN 53579-1, pre-set at 300 mm/min,
measurement cycle at 100 mm/min
Test set-up to DIN 53579-1 Volkswagen PV 3410, section Measurement under specified load. Result is the
3.8 indentation deflection
PSA D41 1427 Measurement under specified load. Result is the
indentation deflection. Specific indenter.
General Motors GMI 60283 - part 7 Measurement at specified deflection, but specific
procedure B test methods acc. to the type of component to be
measured.
Toyota TS F6223G Measurement at specified deflections.
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail
DIN 53579-1
Method DIN 53579-1 Conditioning 23 °C / 50 %
Specim
en
Storage / conditioning 72 h / 16 h
Dimensions molded foam
Force measurement ± 1% of measured value (class 1)
machine
Travel measurement ± 0.1 mm
Testing
Support platen Support for contoured molded parts
Compression platen 9 different Indenter shapes and
dimensions
Determination of not foreseen
initial heigth, t0
Pre-set cycles
Zéro point (origin) In each cycles at the preload given for
of travel the inderter
Number 3
Charge point (load Indentation travel corresponding to
locus) 70% of deflection
Test speed 100 / 50 / 20 mm/min
Recovery time 0
Zéro point (origin) not foreseen
Measurement cycle
of travel
Charge point Indentation travel or load, value to be
aggreed upon
Time at measurement 0 or 30 s
Test speed 100 / 50 / 20 mm/min
Results Indentation force or indentation travel
(depending of the pre-set)
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail

– Crosshead monitor stiffness compensation. Compensated travel targets have to be
approached ! (testControl function)
– For the tests at specified load, the adaptive controller of testControl is a real
advantage, as it significantly reduces the overshot.
Particular points:
– In seat testing we find many company standards from the automotive industry.
These standards define many different indenters, deflections, indentations travels,
settings times etc. according to the type of part to be tested (seat cushion, back
rest pads, headrest, armrest ...)
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail
Type of test Standard Significance / Application
Density ISO 845 The appearant density is one of the most basic characteristics
of a foam. To be determined by dimension measurement and
weighing
Rebound resilience ISO 8307 Gives an indication about the shock absorption properties.
Determination by means of a falling ball. Formerly in DIN 53573
also standardized with a pendulum rebound tester.
Tension test ISO 1798 relavant mainly for foams which will be submitted to tensile
forces in practical use. This method gives values for the
resistance to destruction.
Tear resistance test ISO 8067 Gives the characteristic of a pre damaged foam.. The result is
subject to very big scutter.
Shore 00 Hardness ASTM D 2240 Sometimes used to characterize local hardness, i.e. for
compound foams.
Helmut Fahrenholz
Overview of test methods - others
Tension and tear resistance

ISO ISO 1798
ANSI ASTM D 3574

test E
DaimlerChrysler DBL 5452, refers to ISO 1798
section 4.3, 4.4
BMW QV 52009 Teil 1, refers to ISO 1798
section 2.2.5
Volkswagen PV 3410 refers to ISO 1798, v = 100 mm/min
PSA D41 1050

Test set-up to ISO 1798
Renault D41 1050
Ford WSK - M99 P32 A
Toyota TSM 7100 G - besed on JIS K 6301
section 4.4
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail

– Longstroke extensometer - mechanic for more resistant foams, optical for very
sensitive foams.
Helmut Fahrenholz
Tests in detail
Zwick products for the soft foam industry
Helmut Fahrenholz
Products
Products for compression load deflection characteristics on
cut specimen, i.e. to ISO 3386
ZwickiLine ProLine
Fmax: 1 kN or 2.5 kN Fmax: i.e. 5 kN
This test can be realized on nearly all Zwick testing machines

Helmut Fahrenholz
Products
Robotized testing of compression characteristics (CLD),
i.e. to ISO 3386
Handling-System
automatic batch testing including:
• specimen recognition
• Dimension measurement
• weighing (density)
• automatic specimen removal
Helmut Fahrenholz
Products
Robotized testing of PUR dampers
The specimen are stacked on a ... And then automatically tested.

mandrel ...
Helmut Fahrenholz
Products
Products for determination of indentation hardness (IFD),
i.e. to ISO 2439
ZwickiLine ProLine
Fmax: 1 kN Fmax: 5 kN
Helmut Fahrenholz
Products
Products to determine indentation hardness of molded foam parts, i.e.
to DIN 53579-1, ASTM D3574, automotive standards
Allround - testing machine, i.e. Fmax: 5 kN
• third workspace for larger molded foam parts

(test area 1030 x 850 mm)
• possible use also for tensile and tear tests.
• Possible extension with a long stroke extensometer
and other accessories
• Particulary useful for labs needing a very universal
machine, i.e. testhouses.
Helmut Fahrenholz
Products
Products for hardness testing on seats. , i.e. acc. to DIN
53579-1, ASTM D3574, automotive standards
C-frame machine
• Fmax: 5 kN or 10 kN
• hinged table for seat testing (1000 x 1450 mm)
• or with shifting table for testing of mattresses
(1000 x 2000 mm)
• particularly useful in production control
• Very good accessibility from 3 sides
• adaptation possibilities for long-stroke
extensometer
Helmut Fahrenholz
Products
Products for determination of hardness ( IFD) on molded
foam, i.e. to 53579-1, ASTM D 3574, automotive standards
Enlarged loadframe Enlarged loadframe

i.e. Fmax: 5 kN i.e. Fmax: 5 kN
including hinged support table and shiftable shown with light barrier for user access
load.cell. limitation.
Helmut Fahrenholz
Products
Products for determination of hardness ( IFD) on molded
foam, as well as for specific tests
Enlarged load-frame
• including support for complete seats.
• Applications i.e. for testing of passenger
recognition systems.
Helmut Fahrenholz
Products
Constant load pounding machine. (Fatigue tester)
Fatigue tester
• robust Electro-mechanical drive
• Fmax: 1 kN (load measurement below support
platen)
• max. speed: 30 m/min
• max. travel: 200 mm
• Support: 400 x 400 mm, vented with holes
This machine can also be used for

determination of CLD and IFD.
Helmut Fahrenholz
Products
Fatigue tester for headrests
Testing of a complete headrest
The drive system form the fatigue

tester has been used to design
this machine.
Helmut Fahrenholz
Products
Products for tensile and tear tests.
Left picture:
Tensile test, ISO 1798
• zwickiLine or ProLine
• Longstroke extensometer
Center:
Tear test on trouser
specimen, ISO 8067
Helmut Fahrenholz
Products
Rebound resilience tester to ISO 8307, ASTM D 3574 test H
Rebound resilience tester

• Drop height: 500 mm
• Ball, diam. 16 mm / 16.3 g
• comfortable and secure ball
release.
• Measurement of rebound
height via light barrier.
• Automatic result calculation.
Helmut Fahrenholz
Products
Further products for testing of soft foam
Cutting presses Shore 00

to create specimen for hardness tester
tensile and tear.
Helmut Fahrenholz
Products

Testing of soft foams: Market, Strength, Standards and Practice

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Testing of soft foams: Market, Strength, Standards and Practice

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Testing of soft foams

Market - Strength - Standards - Practice

Helmut Fahrenholz, Ulm

Fields of use of Urethane foam:

Cellular rubber Zellkautschuk

Tasks: Supply of the chemical base products polyol and

Importance Key customers (quite small number of companies )

Importance They do R&D for the Automotive Industry,

Produce Urethane articles for use in home, Garden, Leisure,

Importance Testing in production control and for their own R&D

Produce urethane foams in blocs which have to be machined

Testing in production control and for their own R&D. Often

does normally not dispose an own production.

Describes the compression stress/ strain characteristic. The

Loss of hardness or thickness after storage in heat / humidity.

Provides thickness- and hardness loss values after mechanical

– testXpert Software including specific test method

– lower compression platen to be vented with holes, upper compression platen

– testXpert Software including specific test method

Dimensions Parallelepiped 100 x 100 mm

– testXpert Software including specific test method

Editor Designation Notes

ANSI ASTM D 3574 Measurement at given compression strain.

– testXpert Software including specific test method

– The support platen has to be vented with holes

ANSI ASTM D 3574 - 8000 / 80000 Cycles

General Motors GME L-1J/K06-1 150 000 Cycles

Load pounding Specim

Compression platen Ǿ 250 ± 1 mm / R 25 ± 1 mm

Thickness loss Difference (d1 - d2)/d1 x 100 %

Results Hardness loss Difference (H1 - H2) in kPa

– Requirements to the universal testing machine as per ISO 2439

– According to some in-house standards, this test is to be conducted between two

– testXpert Software including specific test method

Editor Designation Notes

ANSI ASTM D 3574

PSA D41 1050

– testXpert Software including specific test method

This test can be realized on nearly all Zwick testing machines

The specimen are stacked on a ... And then automatically tested.

Allround - testing machine, i.e. Fmax: 5 kN

• third workspace for larger molded foam parts

Enlarged loadframe Enlarged loadframe

This machine can also be used for

Testing of a complete headrest

The drive system form the fatigue

Rebound resilience tester

Cutting presses Shore 00

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