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Volume 10, Issue 01, January 2019, pp. 543–549, Article ID: IJMET_10_01_056
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&IType=01
ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359
J.N.Prakash
3
Research Supervisor, School of Mechanical Engineering, Reva University, Bangalore, INDIA
L.H.Manjunath
School of Mechanical Engineering, Reva University, Bangalore, INDIA.
*Corresponding author
ABSTRACT
The use of artificial fiber reinforced composites are widely used in many applications
such as automobile, aircraft manufacturing because they are cost effective and offers high
strength, and weight ratio compared to other composites with similar applications. In this
work, epoxy was selected as a matrix material to prepare a composite specimens
reinforced with UHMWPE fabric with varying layers. Composite specimens are prepared
by varying the number of fabric layers and Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array method is used
to study the Tribological behavior. The test specimen of composite material had been
prepared using hand layup technique and the samples were tested for wear properties
using the equipment DUCOM made pin on disc experimental setup. The weight was
measured before and after the experiment is conducted. The effects of the Tribological
operating parameters applied load, sliding velocity and sliding distance on the frictional
and wear performance of UHMWPE fabric reinforced composites are demonstrated.
Moreover, water absorption tests were conducted to know their effect over a period of
time for both the aerial densities 200gsm and 240gsm of the fiber mats. It was observed
that the wear response of the specimens is influenced by the applied load, sliding distance
and the speed.
Keywords: Woven fabric, textile composites, UHMWPE, orthogonal array, and Hand
lay-up.
Cite this Article: P.RajendraPrasad, J.N.Prakash and L.H.Manjunath, EFFECT OF
PROCESS PARAMETERS ON WEAR BEHAVIOR AND WATER ABSORPTION OF
UHMWPE FABRIC REINFORCED EPOXY COMPOSITES, International Journal of
Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 10(01), 2019, pp.543–549
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=10&Type=01
1. INTRODUCTION
From decades the customary metals or materials have been supplanted by Polymer matrix
composites (PMC) in view of simplicity of processing, productivity and low cost. Because of
their splendid formability, low specific weight, high stiffness to weight and high strength to
weight proportions the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) [1-3] composites are used in various fields
of Engineering and structural applications such as ship superstructures, marine, auto mobile,
machine parts, and the modern aerospace industries [3].
The Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are made of two constituents i.e.
thermosetting or thermoplastic resins [11] as matrix material, and fiber or fabric as reinforcement
[2]. The fiber or fabric provides a load-bearing capacity while the resin contributes to transfer of
loads to the fiber. Resins also protect the fibers from environmental factors such as humidity,
high temperature, and chemical attack [2, 3]. The FRP composites possess desired Mechanical
properties like Tensile, Flexural and Impact strengths, and Tribological properties. The
Mechanical properties of FRP composites depend on the properties of the fiber and matrix
constituents, as well as the interface between the fiber and matrix [4]. The Thermosets (epoxies
& phenolics) and Thermoplastics are used as matrix, and Fiber glasses, Carbon fiber, Kevlar
(Aramid) fiber, and Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber are used as
reinforcement [3].
The UHMWPE fiber or high modulus fiber considered as third generation high-performance
fiber [5-9] after Kevlar and carbon fiber because of remarkable physical and mechanical
properties such as high specific weight, high modulus, high stiffness, high cut proof and abrasion
resistance, good UV resistance, water resistant, and non-chemical reactive [3,10]. Due to these
exceptional properties the UHMWPE fiber reinforced composites are extensively used in
aerospace, automobile [11], and sports utilities industries [3].
Ultra–high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) woven fabric reinforced polymer
(WFRP) composite laminates or textile composites are increasingly used in defense industries
and marine construction due to their exceptional properties like highest strength to weight ratio,
and outstanding features like environmental resistance and long life, these would be the better
replacement to traditional materials like metals and ceramics.
In this work UHMWPE fabric reinforced polymer composites were synthesized and wear and
friction properties of the specimens were investigated. The water absorption test also conducted
to investigate the water resistance in the composite specimens.
Typical values
Epoxy Hardener
Description
(L-12) (K-6)
Clear viscous Pale yellow
Appearance
liquid liquid
Density at 25 ºC
1.1-1.2 0.95-1.1
(g/cm3)
Viscosity
9000-12000 5-15
(mpa.s at 25ºC)
Epoxy
180-190 -
Equi. Wt (g/eq)
Table 5. Experimental design and its response on single layered composite specimen
240 gsm weight loss (milligrams) 200 gsm weight loss (milligrams)
S. No.
1 layer 2 layers 3 layers 1 layer 2 layers 3 layers
1 0.0863 0.0864 0.0862 0.0895 0.0897 0.0895
2 0.0892 0.0892 0.0891 0.0897 0.0892 0.0898
3 0.0941 0.0942 0.0943 0.0941 0.0942 0.0943
4 0.0895 0.0894 0.0896 0.0915 0.0914 0.0914
5 0.0995 0.0994 0.0995 0.0924 0.0924 0.0925
6 0.0877 0.0877 0.0874 0.0931 0.0936 0.0934
7 0.0917 0.0916 0.0915 0.0924 0.0928 0.0926
8 0.0899 0.0896 0.0894 0.0914 0.0915 0.0918
9 0.0914 0.0913 0.0912 0.0922 0.0924 0.0921
Wear tests were conducted on the composite specimens to tests the wear resistance of the
specimens using pin-on-disc test apparatus. A total of 54 tests were conducted to know the wear
behavior against the EN32 material. The weight loss obtained for all these samples with different
process parameters is very minute as shown in Table 5. Only one conclusion can be drawn from
the data that as the time of the contact increases, wear (weight loss) increases, that too only a
minute increment.
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Days
0.7
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 2 4 6 8
Days
4. CONCLUSIONS
Composite laminates are prepared for both areal densities of 200 gsm and 240 gsm UHMWPE
plane woven fabric reinforcement by varying the number of layers. A total of 3 laminates were
prepared for each areal density with 1, 2 and 3 layers of UHMWPE fabric. Both water absorption
and wear tests were conducted for all the six samples. Wear tests were performed by varying the
process parameters on pin-on-disc test apparatus and only a minute weight loss is observed for
all the samples, for 200 gsm the weight loss is little higher when compared to the 240 gsm fabrics
reinforced composite laminates. For water absorption 3 layered samples has more absorption than
the other two samples and 200 gsm samples has less water absorption capability than the 240 gsm
samples for all the layered samples.
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