Answers to Sample Paper 3 Agricultural overproduction leading to fall in the prices of agricultural goods was the main reason for the Great Depression. Or Staplers were the people who stapled or sorted wool according to its fibre, Or The Bitter Cry of Ouicast London was written by Andrew Mearns Otto von Bismarck was the chief architect of the unification of Germany. Or The provinces of Nghe An and Ha Tinh in Vietnam were referred to as ‘electrical fuses’. Black soil has a good capacity to hold moisture. Migration means movement of people from one region to another within a country or to another country for the purpose of work or other economic opportunities. ‘Two measures to sustain democracy are unity in diversity and peaceful co-existence. The main subjects under the Concurrent List are marriage, inheritance, adoption, succession, etc. (Any two) HDI stands for Human Development Index. It isa tool developed by the United Nations to measure a country’s overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions. The factors responsible for the development of the new print technology were as under: (a) The production of handwritten manuscripts could not satisfy the ever increasing demand for books. (b) Copying was an expensive, laborious and time-consuming exercise (0) Manuscripts were fragile, difficult to handle and could not be cared for or read easily. (4) Though woodblock printing was popular, there was clearly a need for quicker and cheaper reproduction of texts. (Any three) Or (a) The theme of Charles Dicken’s Hard Times revolves around the terrible effects of industrialisation on people’s life. (6) It describes Coketown, a fictitious industrial town, as a grim place full of machinery and smoking chimneys, where workers were known as ‘hands’ without a name. (c) Dickens criticises the system which turned the human beings into mere instruments of production, ‘The French Revolution inspired other countries of Europe. Its ideas spread to other parts of Europe in the following ways. (@) The French revolutionaries proclaimed to help Europeans to constitute nation-states. (b) Various revolutionary clubs like the Jacobin clubs began to be formed by students and educated middle class in different European cities based on French model. (0) Revolutionary wars in countries like Holland, Belgium, Switzerland and Italy paved way for French armies to move to other parts of Europe Social Science ~ 10 010. u. 2. 1B. Or Japan and China were attributed as role models for the people of Vietnam who sought to rule out the French and establish their identity as a nation. (a) Taking the example of Japan, Vietnamese students went there to study in large numbers. (b) The Vietnamese were inspired by the way Japan successfully resisted western colonisation (©) By defeating Russia in 1907, Japan had proved its military capabilities. (d) On the other hand, China had set up its republic by overthrowing monarchy through popular ‘mass movement under Dr. Sun Yat-Sen. (Any three) Dams that have been seen as temples of modern India have not produced the desirable results. They are posing a situation of grave disaster of which land degradation is the major concern. (a) Regulating and damming of rivers with the construction of large multi-purpose projects affect their natural flow causing poor sediment flow and excessive sedimentation at the bottom of reservoir. (b) Large reservoirs submerge large tracts of forests, flora and habitat of fauna. (6) Soil submersional leads to its decompos jon over a period of time. Following are the problems faced by the railways. (a) Many passengers travel without ticket leading to the economic loss. (b) People stop trains, pull chain unnecessarily causing delays. (©) Thefts and damaging of railway property has not yet stopped completely. In a democracy, social divisions are reflected in many ways. It is natural that political parties would talk about these divisions like: (a) make different promises to different communities, (6) look after the due representation of various commun (©) make policies to redress the grievances of the disadvantaged communities. (@) In the same way, social divisions affect voting in most countries. People from one community tend to prefer some party more than others. In many countries there are parties that focus only on one community (Any three) The following are the different aspects of life on which women are discriminated against: (a) Life at Home: The main responsibility of women is believed to be that she should perform housework and bring up children, This is reflected in sexual division of labour. Women do all work inside the house such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes, tailoring, looking after children etc., and men do all the work outside the home. It is not that men cannot do house work; they simply think that it is for women to attend to these jobs. (b) Life outside the Home: In our society, the work of women is not valued and does not get recognition, For instance, in rural areas and forest regions they fetch water and collect fuel Sometimes they work in the fields. In fact majority of urban women do some sort of paid work in addition to domestic labour, but their work is not given due importance in society. (©) Role in Public Life and Polities: Although women constitute half of humanity, their role in public life, especially polities, is minimal in most societies. In our country, despite some improvement since independence, women still lag much behind men. Ours is still a male-dominated society. Social Science ~ 10 @1. 15. 16. (d) At Literacy Level: The literacy rate among women is only 54 per cent compared to 76 per cent ‘among men, Similarly, a smaller proportion of girl students go for higher studies. When we look at the school results, girls perform better than the boys. But they drop out because parents prefer to spend their resources on their sons’ education rather than equally on both. (©) Not Paid Properly in public jobs: No wonder the proportion of women among the highly paid ‘and valued jobs is still very small, On an average Indian women work one hour more than an average man every day, yet much of her work is not paid and therefore, often not valued. (P) Decline in Sex Ratio: Due to preference to son the sex ratio has declined in the country to merely 927. Farther, this ratio has fallen below 850 or even 800 in some states of India, (@) In Legislatures: In India, the proportion of women in legislatures has been very low. For example, the percentage of elected women members in the Lok Sabha has reached only 10 per cent of its total strength in 2009. Their share even in the state assemblies is less than 5 per cent, (Any three) In Belgium, existence of regional differences and cultural diversities were recognised by the leaders. The Belgian constitution was amended four times to accommodate a proper arrangement of power sharing. Equal representation was given to the Dutch-speaking and French-speaking communities in the central government. Powers of the central government were shared with state government. Community government was introduced to take de issues. ons on culture, education and language-related, On the other hand, Sri Lanka adopted majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala dominance. Sinhala was declared official language disregarding Tamil, Sinhalas were preferred for university positions and government jobs. Buddhism was made the state religion. Sti Lankan Tamils were denied equal political rights, discriminated against in the matter of jobs. This led to stained relations between the Sinhala and Tamil community resulting in the civil war. Following are the features of the One Party System: (a) Less Expensive: As there is only one party, limited candidates of that party contest elections without much campaigning and other expenses. (b) Stability: The government thus formed is stable because of the absence of any opposition. (©) Quick decisions: In this system, there is no such need of debate and discussion before taking decisions. Members of the party agree on the proposals and take quick decisions. (d) Undemocratic in nature: Such system runs on undemocratic principles. There is no right to choose, express grievances, and challenge the decisions. (Any three) Primary Sector Secondary Sector (@ HW includes all those economic activities which (a) It includes all activities which are concerned are connected with extraction and production of | with the processing materials which have already natural resources bpeon extracted at the primary stage (©) These activities are not dependent on secondary | (b) ‘These activities depend on primary seetor for sector. the supply of raw materia (©). This sector is also called agriculture and related | (c) This sector is also called as the industrial sector. sector. (d) Agriculture, fisheries, ete are the examples of | (d) Manufacturing, construction etc are the examples primary sector. of the secondary sector. (6) Greater dependence on this sector isa sign of (@)_ Shit from primary to secondary sector isa sign underdeveloped economy of developing economy. Gy three) Social Science ~ 10 ®